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3/6/2014
Comfort by Design
An Introduction to
HVAC’s Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF)
Technology
Presentation Objective
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Identify the fundamentals of heating, ventilation and air conditioning
systems (HVAC)
Identify the fundamentals of new VRF technology
Evaluate the energy efficiency and environmental impact of VRF
technology
Identify the many building design options available with VRF technology
Outline
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HVAC Industry Overview
What is VRF Technology?
Types of VRF Systems
VRF Advantages/Benefits
VRF Energy Efficiency and LEED®
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HVAC Industry Overview
Commercial/Industrial HVAC Choices:
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Package Systems
Split Systems
VRF Systems
Light Commercial/Residential HVAC Types:
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PTACs
Unitary
Window units
Wall-mounted units
Radiant
Ductless
HVAC Market Overview
Industry Volume Comparison
0%
15%
27%
32%
9%
6%
2%
4%
5%
Chillers
Funarnces
Portable Acs
PTAC
VRF / Ductless Systems
Rooftops
Single Package
Split System AC
Split System Heat Pump
*Room AC not included in analysis
Source: AHRI and BRSI, September 2012
HVAC Industry Overview
Vertical Market Opportunities
Vertical Market
Education
Government/ Military
Health Care
Lodging
Multi-Family
Office Building
Year
Market Size
(Units)
2007
190,000
2012
300,000
2007
84,000
2012
97,000
2007
79,000
2012
145,000
2007
40,000
2012
54,000
2007
270,000
2012
317,000
2007
74,000
2012
104,000
Source: FMI 2008 U.S. Market Construction Overview
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VRF Technology Overview
What is VRF Technology?
More Comfort, Less Energy Usage
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Room Temperature
INVERTER-driven Compressor
SETPOINT
VRF
VRF
CONVENTIONAL
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Enables capacity operation as low as 4%
Sizing flexibility with variable capacity
Enables long runtimes
Reduces compressor cycling
Improves temperature control
Time
Inverter Compressor Advantage
Features
Benefits
Accelerated cooling, heating performance Temperature setpoint reached faster
Smooth, modulated frequency for
temperature maintenance
Comfortable indoor climate consistently
maintained
Low rotation speed at start-up keeps
power current minimal
Eliminates power spikes that can affect
appliances, cause energy spikes
Higher rotation speed during cold ambient Generates greater heating performance
conditions generates higher head
pressure, discharge gas temperature
No ON/OFF as in conventional systems
Energy used more effectively, system
lasts longer
VRF Heat Recovery Technology
Simultaneous cooling and heating
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VRF Heat Pump Technology
VRF Integrated Controls
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Easy to install and operate
2-wire DDC (Direct Control) system
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16ga stranded and shielded, non-polar
Daisy-chain connection
Customizable control scheme with web
access
Individual room controls
Color touch screen centralized control
Integration into building management
system via BACnet® and Lonworks®
Third-party equipment control
Tenant billing capability
VRF Technology:
Types of Systems
Two-Pipe Heat
Recovery System
Three-Pipe System
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VRF Heat Recovery Technology:
Equipment
Outdoor Units
Required Fittings
Branch Controllers
Indoor Units
Total
Qty.
1
0
1
12
14
Piping
Connections
2
0
26
2
2-pipe Systems
Total
Connections
2
0
26
24
52
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Less equipment
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Fewer connections
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Less labor cost
Typical Installation
VRF Heat Recovery Technology:
Equipment
Qty.
Outdoor Units
1
Required Fittings
Branch Selectors
Indoor Units
Total
11
12
12
36
Piping
Connections
3
Total
Connections
3
9
5
2
99
60
24
186
3-pipe Systems
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More equipment
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Increased connections
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Increased labor cost
Typical Installation
VRF System Advantages
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Diversity
Solar Load
Occupant Load
Building Use
VRF and Existing Buildings
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Less intrusive to existing architecture
Small refrigerant piping instead of large ductwork
Outdoor installation flexibility
VRF Equipment Weight Savings
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Average equipment weight per ton for VRF is 70 lbs per ton
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Average equipment weight per ton for water-cooled chiller is 101 lbs./ton
(outdoor unit only)
31% reduction in equipment weight
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VRF Space Savings
Space Required to
Deliver 20 tons of Cooling
Rectangular Ductwork (DX System)
Round Ductwork (DX System)
Piping (4-Pipe System)
40” x 20”
30” Round
3” CHWS&R, 3” HWS&R
13/8” Gas 11/8” Liquid
Piping (VRF)
VRF Frees Up Building Space
Reduced Mechanical Space
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Traditional systems require space for pumps, boilers, chillers, ducts,
piping, heat exchangers
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VRF offers efficiency without requiring the space
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VRF Installation Flexibility
Smaller Footprint
=
More Green Space
VRF Occupant Comfort
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VRF Zoned Comfort
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No more hot spot cold spot issues
Individual control means individual comfort
Indoor Comfort Flexibility
Wall-mounted Unit
Ceiling-suspended Unit
Floor-standing Unit
Indoor Comfort Flexibility
Medium Static
Ducted Unit
Low Profile
Ducted Unit
Vertical
Ducted Unit
High Static
Ducted Unit
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Indoor Comfort Flexibility
1-way Cassette
4-way Large Cassette
4-way Small Cassette
What Does QUIET Sound Like?
How
is aare
traditional
HVAC unit?
HowLOUD
QUIET
VRF Systems?
Residential
Outdoor Unit
Indoor Unit
As low as
19 dB(A)
Commercial
Outdoor Unit
Ducted Unit
As low as
23 dB(A)
As low as
46 dB(A)
25 dB(A) 33 dB(A)
40 dB(A)
Recording Library Quiet Home
Studio
As high as
57 dB(A)
As low as
61 dB(A)
50 dB(A)
60 dB(A)
70 dB(A) 78 dB(A)
Refrigerator Conversation Busy Traffic Vacuum
90 dB(A)
Motorcycle
50-60 dB(A)
65-75 dB(A)
75-85 dB(A)
PTAC
Unit
Residential
3-ton
HVAC Unit
Air-cooled
Chiller
100 dB(A)
Hand Drill
VRF Indoor Units with Ventilation
Ceiling Cassettes
Ducted Units
Ceiling Suspended
Floor Standing
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VRF Energy-Efficiency and
Environmental Impact
EAC1 - Energy Cost Savings
VRF Total Energy Cost Savings
Re-Cap: Benefits of VRF Systems
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Space Utilization
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Occupant Comfort
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Installation flexibility to meet building space requirements
Minimal impact to existing building architecture and structure
Individual comfort control
Indoor unit flexibility to meet the needs of any space
Meets occupant ventilation air requirements
Quiet operation
Energy Savings
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Inverter driven compressor
No waste heat
Meets requirements for LEED points
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Thank you for your time!
Questions?
This concludes the Variable Refrigerant Flow
Presentation: ACCA 2014 Conference
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