Helsinki, 17.9.2014 Comparison of torrefied and wood pellet storage behaviour A European R&D Project funded within the Seventh Framework Programme by the European Commission Bioenergy from Forest Conference, Helsinki, 16.-17.9.2014 Kirsi Korpijärvi, Eija Alakangas, Raili Taipale & Heikki Kaipainen VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland © 1,5,6: ECN; 2-4 Jasper Lensselink This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement n° 282826 1 Helsinki, 17.9.2014 Testing of storage behaviour of torrefied pellets Characterisation of pellet samples at initial stage and after different treatments • Pellet dimensions, moisture content, bulk density, mechanical durability according to standardised methods • Determination of compression strength by using Lloyd material testing machine (procedure developed by VTT) Water exposure tests developed by VTT • Moistening of pellets and determination of equilibrium moisture content in a climatic testing chamber • Rain exposure test • Water immersion test Determination of leachate quality to evaluate possible environmental effects of pellet storage This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement n° 282826 2 Helsinki, 17.9.2014 Pellet samples used in the tests This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement n° 282826 3 Helsinki, 17.9.2014 Properties of pellet samples at initial stage Average length of pellets, mm Average diameter of pellets, mm Moisture, w-% Bulk density, kg/m3 loose Mechanical durability, % ECN Spruce 260 7.3 7.9 3.8 750 98.2 ECN Poplar 270 10.7 5.7 4.2 730 97.5 ECN Pine 270 4.4 5.9 5.1 680 93.0 CENER Straw 270 12.1 6.0 12.4 760 98.0 Topell Wood residues 260-280 10.5 8.1 8.4 740 96.0 Wood pellets 13.7 8.3 6.3 680 98.2 This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement n° 282826 4 Helsinki, 17.9.2014 Moistening of pellets Equilibrium moisture contents of pellets at valid conditions Conditions in the climatic chamber: Relative humidity 81 – 83% Temperature 26 C This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement n° 282826 5 Helsinki, 17.9.2014 Exposure of pellets to water Rain exposure test 1,000 g of pellets 400 g of water was sprayed over the sample during one-hour period = 3.2 mm rainfall per hour Water immersion test 2,000 g of pellets 20 kg of tap water 15 min immersion in a filtration bag 15 min drainage period This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement n° 282826 6 Helsinki, 17.9.2014 Pellet samples after the rain exposure test This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement n° 282826 7 Helsinki, 17.9.2014 Pellet samples after the water immersion test This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement n° 282826 8 Helsinki, 17.9.2014 Effect of moistening treatments on pellet moisture content This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement n° 282826 9 place, date Effect of moistening treatments on mechanical durability This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement n° 282826 10 Helsinki, 17.9.2014 Effect of moistening treatments on pellet compression strength This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement n° 282826 11 place, date Quality of leachates The pellet immersion test waters were analysed • • • • • pH, turbidity, conductivity DOC COD Nutrients PAHs This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement n° 282826 12 Helsinki, 17.9.2014 DOC and COD in pellet immersion waters Effect of immersion time 15 minutes immersion (L/S 10) This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement n° 282826 13 Helsinki, 17.9.2014 Content of nutrients in leachates This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement n° 282826 14 Helsinki, 17.9.2014 Conclusions All the tested torrefied pellet samples survived the water exposure tests better than wood pellets used as reference • Equilibrium moisture content Only minor effect on properties • Further wetting Remarkable reduction in mechanical durability Behaviour of tested torrefied pellets in the storage and handling tests performed do not favour outdoor storage without roof The COD, DOC and phosphorous content of pellet immersion waters were in remarkable level Leaching of PAHs was not noticed from tested torrefied pellets This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement n° 282826 15 Helsinki, 17.9.2014 © Karl-Heinz Liebisch/PIXELIO Thank you very much for your attention SECTOR Coordination: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Daniela Thrän DBFZ gGmbH Torgauer Str. 116 04347 Leipzig Germany www.dbfz.de Storage and handling behaviour testing in WP 6 (VTT) Kirsi Korpijärvi, Research scientist VTT [email protected] More information on SECTOR project: e: [email protected] w: www.sector-project.eu This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement n° 282826 16
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