Choices and Applications of 2D/3D models for supporting harbour & coastal management Terug naar overzicht Rob Uittenbogaard (1,2) (1) WL | Delft Hydraulics Delft University of Technology ; J.M. Burgerscentre - Research School 1 for Fluid Mechanics (2) Contents: Principles of Computations with Mobil Water Surface One-Dimensional (1D) Application Two- and Three-Dimensional (2D and 3D) Applications Project Objectives Presentation & Decision Making Project Execution & Training Personnel 2 Mass Balance inflow water column level variations z=-d bed horizontal grid (staggered) outflow water level 3 Force Balance in SOBEK and DELFT3D-Flow Difference in Water Level yields a Force Force yields Acceleration (Newton) Acceleration amounts to Flow Flow causes Friction Force Friction Force in balance with Difference in Water Level gravity water pressure water pressure slope in water level ∂U ∂U ∂ζ cf U U ∂  ∂U  +U = −g − +  DU ( x )  d +ζ ∂t ∂x ∂x ∂x ∂x  ∂internal U ∂U + Ufriction ∂t ∂x U ∂U ∂U ∂ ζ c f U U ∂  net∂ force +U = −g − +  DU ( x )  d +ζ ∂t ∂x ∂x ∂x ∂x  acceleration and flow water bed friction: bed friction 4 SOBEK – Currents modelled as a Network (1D) 5 Amstelsluizen SOBEK - Intrusion of Fresh and Salt water Leidse Plein IJmeer Zeeburg Schinkel Weespert Diem rekvaart Amstel Berlagebrug Driemond Holendrec ht Ge in Bullewijk spoorbrug Abcoude Nessersluis Winkel Ang Oude Waver Kr om m Tolhuissluis eM ijd re c Ve ch t Amster dam-Rij nkanaal stel l-D ste m A Winkel al na a k ht rec 6 Oudhuizersluis DELFT3D-FLOW : depth-averaged 2D and 3D simulations 7 Delft3D-Flow North horizontal grid (structured) velocity South-North water level water level velocity East-West 8 Domain Decomposition: • Continental Shelf • Southern North Sea • Coastal Sea • Estuary • River 9 Flooding by Dike Breach ??? 10 Prof. Stelling (Delft University) 2D Simulation of Flooding Dike Breach Dry Wetted 11 Prof. Stelling (Delft University) 2D Simulation of Flooding Dike Breach Dry Different Bore Propagation Wetted 12 Gravity Currents gravity fresh water sea water Stratified Shear Flow : Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability 13 Shear Dispersion depth-averaged model (2Dh) or vertical resolution (3D) ? c(x,0) weak dispersion in homogeneous flows c(x,t) c(x,z,0) c(x,z,t) c(x,t) c(x,t) strong dispersion in stratified tidal or wind-driven flows 14 Design of a Current Deflecting Wall in Stratified Flows Horizontal and Vertical Distribution of the Current Particles floating on Water Surface Velocity derived from Particle Paths Vertical Distribution of Current and Transport 15 Vertical Resolution of Flow & Transport Scaling with Local Water Depth Horizontal Layers 16 3D Shallow-Water Solver: • Tidal Flow (Hydrostatic) • Turbulence Models • Salt Transport • Heat Transport • Coupling to Meteorology 17 stee p rive dam r SOBEK lake river & flooding Delft3D- SOBEK Flow estuary & harbour coastal sea shelf break Delft3D-Flow 18 The Delft 3D System 19 Observations – Measurements Ships Sailing Transects & Z-paths Depth Density difference Point Sampling Sinking Probe 20 Tidal current Flow bifurcation Flow separation Re-circulation River discharge Storage flow Tidal Stage water level 21 Rotterdam Harbour : Measurement Positions Moored and Sailing Ships with ADCP’s & CTD’s Red Arrows: Observations Black Arrows: Simulation Bad Design for Navigation 22 Project Objectives • Choice between alternative designs or solution strategies? • Optimalisation of the (selected) design/solution strategy? • The gravity/importance/impact of the project? • Interpretation of Project Costs: “insurance” or “competition” 23 “Likelihood” Option A “Better” Option A Option B Option B Option C Option C Option D Option D Optimal & Reliable Assessment Expensive & Accurate Assessment 24 Where New Harbour/Extension ? Constraints: Sewage Outfall Drinking-Water Intake Cooling-Water Inlet Cooling-Water Outlet Navigation Maintenance Dredging Safety Flooding Safety Industry Bridges & Roads Toolbox : Manual Selection of Imagined Options Constraint Logic Programming : Exclusion of Impossible Locations 25 Single / Unique Project Client Controller to Project Execution Advisor Tender Consultant • No in-house expertise • Not flexible • Time Consuming • Costly 26 Multiple Projects First (pilot) Project Client Client “in-house” Training Personnel Subsequent Projects Client “in-house” expertise expertise Consultant: Delft Hydraulics Consultant model set-up model set-up project execution Supporting Consultant Consultancy • In-house expertise • Flexible • Responsibility “in-house” • Cheaper and faster with subsequent projects 27 Training Personnel WL|Delft Hydraulics: • Delft-Water Fundamentals • Hands-on Training • Model Set-up • Personal Contacts Delft Knowledge City: IHE : large int’l network Delft University Technology 28 Thank You ! Questions ? 29 30