Particles 2 きょうさむあつの 1. 今日は寒いですね。熱い（もの）飲み物をどうぞ。い adjectives directly precede N as a description of the N. “It’s cold today, isn’t it? Please have some hot drink.” ときひま 2. 暇なに）時は、たいてい何をしますか。（ひま暇とき is a な adjective, hence な should be inserted to describe 時 , which is N. “What do you usually do when you have free time?” す 3. スミスさんはどんな（）スポーツが好きですか。どんな “what kind of” directly precedes N. “What kind of sports does Mr. Smith like?” わたしにほん 4. 私たものだいすは日本の食べ物が大好きです。でも、すし（す）好きじゃありません。 This person loves Japanese food, but she does not like すし among them. すし is presented as a contrasted item, (as for すし / at least すし, she doesn’t likes) hence は should replace が to mark the direct object すし. “I love Japanese food. However, as for すし, I don’t like it very much.” じんるいがく 5. 人類学にじはんのクラスは二時半（）あります。じはん２時半 is a point in time, not a duration. Thus, it should be marked with an appropriate particle. In this case まで ‘until’ is the only choice that can park point in time. “ I have anthropology class until 2:30.” がっこう 6. 学校までは、たいていバス（の）乗ります。の ‘Ride X (vehicle)’ is X に乗る. “As far as the school, I usually ride on a bus.” ひこうきなかおんがく 7. 飛行機の中では、たいてい音楽き（き）聴きます。きき ‘Listen to X/hear X’ is X を聴く／聞く. Also note that ‘ask person X’ is X に聞く. “I usually listen to music inside the airplane.” きって 8. 八十円切手（さんまい）三枚（か）買いました。 Please note that quantity expressions is placed right before the predicate. “ I bought three 80-yen stamps.” 1 ほんざっし 9. A: この本と雑誌はおもしろかったですか。ほん B: その本（ほん本ざっし）おもしろかったですが、その雑誌（）つまらなかったです。ざっし and 雑誌 are presented as contrasted items in B’s utterance. “A: Were this book and magazine interesting? B: That book was interesting, but that magazine was boring.” えいがす 10. A: 映画が好きですか。えいが B: おもしろい映画（おもしろえいが面白すえいがす）好きですが、こわい映画（）好きじゃないです。こわえいがい映画 and 怖い映画 are presented as contrasted items in B’s utterance. “A: Do you like movies? B: I like funny movies, but I don’t like scary movies.” にちようび 11. A: 日曜日としょかんきっさてんべんきょうには、図書館としょかん B:いいえ、図書館（と喫茶店べんきょう）勉強で勉強しますね。きっさてんしますが、喫茶店（）しませんよ。 Particles such as で／に／まで cannot be dropped when making a contrast. Multiple particle には should be used for both contrasted items. “A: On Sunday, you will study at the library and the coffee shop, right? B: No, I study at the library, but I don’t study at the coffee shop.” 2 MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu 21F.501 / 21F.551 Foreign Languages and Literatures Fall 2012 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms.