2011 - 2012
No
OGFICE Research Subject ／試験研究助成テーマ一覧
大学名 University
研究テーマ Research Subject
Preparation of Mesoporous ZSM5 and Its Application
as Catalyst for Gas Conversion
インドネシア大学
メソ多孔質 ZSM5 の調合とガス変換のための触媒としての応用
１
２
(UNIVERSTIAS
INDONESIA)
The Chlor-Alkaly Production by Electrolysis Plasma
Process in Nacl Electrolyte Solution
Dr. Ir. Nelson Saksono, MT
電解質 NaCl 溶液におけるプラズマ電解法による塩素・苛性ソ
ーダ生産
Mitigation of Vapour Cloud Explosion Effects using
Watermist System
３
研究者 Reseacher
Dr. Yuni Krisyuningsih
Krisnadi
Prof.Yuliano S.Nugroho,PhD
水の霧化システムを使用した蒸気雲爆発現象の緩和
No
大学名 University
1
2
バンドン工科大学
(INSTITUT
TEKNOLOGI
BANDUNG )
研究テーマ Research Subject
Rearing Method and Resistance Levels of Musca
domestica from Jakarta, Bandung, Yogyakarta and
Surabaya to Pyrethroid and Carbamate Insecticides
研究者 Reseacher
Prof. Intan Ahmad, Ph.D
ピレスロイド系とカーバメート系殺虫剤に対するジャカルタ、バ
ンドン、ジョグジャカルタとスラバヤのイエバエの飼育方法と耐
性レベル
Response to global warming:Evidence from Indonesian Ivonne Milichristi Radjawane,
waters which exposed to the West Pacific and Indian
M.Si, Ph.D.
Ocean
地球温暖化への対応：西太平洋とインド洋にさらされるインドネ
シア海域からの証拠
Performance Study on Integrated Production Well
System of Gas Condensate Reservoir
3
Prof. Pudjo Sukarno, Ph.D.
ガス井コンデンセート貯留層の一貫生産システムのパフォーマ
ンスの研究
No
大学名 University
１
ボゴール農業大学
(INSTITUT
PERTANIAN
BOGOR)
２
研究テーマ Research Subject
Traditional Ecological Knowledge in Rice Farming
System : Case Study at Lebakpicung Community
稲作システムにおける伝統的な環境保全の知識：
(ルバックピチュン地域におけるケーススタディ）
Introduction of OrganicVegetables Farming to Enhance
Household Economy at Micro Hydro Energy
Independent Community of Kampong Lebakpicung,
Hegarmanah Village, Cibeber Sub-district, Lebak
District,Banten Province
研究者 Reseacher
Rais Sonaji,SP. MSi
Nur Riana Rochimawati,STP
Tovan Yulianto, SP
Dr. Purnama Hidayat
Dr. Hefni Effendi
Ellyn K.Damayanti
Ir. Edhi Sandra
バンテン州ルバック県チべベル郡ヘガルマナ村ルバックピチュ
ン集落のマイクロ水力発電によるエネルギ自立地域で、家庭の
経済を強化するための有機野菜農業の導入
３
Utilization of local energy resources to strengthen
Energy Independent Village (case study at Energy
Independent of Kampong Lebakpicung ,Lebak
Regency , Banten Province )
（エネルギー自立の村をさらに強固にするための地域エネルギ
ー 資 源 の 利 用 （ エ ネ ル ギ ー 自 立 の Banten 州 Kampong
Lebakpicung、Lebak Regency のケーススタディ）
1
Dr. Y. Aris Purwanto
Kukuh Murtilaksono
Boedi Tjahjono
Sri Malahayati
2011 - 2012
No
OGFICE Research Subject ／試験研究助成テーマ一覧
大学名 University
1
2
3
4
サワラク大学
(UNIVERSITI
MALAYSIA
SARAWAK)
研究テーマ Research Subject
Modeling the Effect of High Product Mix on Factory
Performances
研究者 Reseacher
Mdm Shirley Johnathan
Tanjong
工場生産性に関する高複合生産の影響のモデリング
Ground Water and Surface Water Interaction Study at
Pulau Salak
Ms Nor Azalina Bt Rosli
Pulau Salak における地下水と地表水の相互作用の研究
Analysis of Multi-Scale Microbial Fuel Cell for
Simple Electrification in Rural Areas
Mr. Mohamad Iskandar Jobli
田舎における簡易電化のためのマルチスケール微生物燃料
電池の解析
Absorption of Toxic Heavy Metals Ions by Using
Agricultural Wastes in Sarawak
Mr. Mohd Farid Atan
サラワク州での農業廃棄物を用いた有害重金属イオンの吸収
5
Development of Direct Power Control Space Vector
Modulation (DPC–SVM) for Doubly Fed Induction
Generator (DFIG)
Mr. Hazrul bin Mohamed
Basri
二重給電誘導発電（DFIG）のためのダイレクトパワー制御空間
ベクトル変調（DPC－SVM）の開発
6
7
Improvements of Static and Dynamic Characteristics for Dr Mohd Danial Ibrahim
High Performance Mobile Hard Disk Drives
ハイパフォーマンス・モバイルハードデｨスクドライブの静的お
よび動的特性の改善
Feasibility Study of Oil-Palm Waster-Derived
Adsorbent for Removal of Pesticides from Water and
Wastewater
Dr Ivy Tan Ai Wei
水および廃水からの農薬除去のためのオイルパーム由来の吸
着剤についてのフィージビリティスタディ
8
Pelletisation of Agricultural Residues for Power
Generation
Mr. Nazeri Abdul Rahman
発電用の農業残渣のペレット化
9
10
Design of a Household Device Utilizing Bio Fuel
(Pelletized Peat)
Dr. Siti Noor Linda
バイオ燃料（ペレット化した泥炭）を活用した家庭用装置の設
計
Thermophysical Properties of Oil Palm Fibre and Clam Ms. Siti Nor Ain Musa
Shell Powder Reinforced in Thermoplastic Matrix
Composite
熱可塑性複合材料に強化したアブラヤシの繊維と、クラム貝殻
粉末の熱物性
11
Improving Rice Milling Machine for Domestic
Application
Mdm Ervina Junaidi
国内用精米機の改善
12
Turning Agricultural By-Products into Solid Fuel for
Energy Generation
エネルギー生産用のため、農業副産物の固形燃料への転換
2
Dr. Onni Suhaiza Selaman
2911/70ど Z
FINAL REPORT
OSAKA GAS FOUNDATION OFINTERNATIONAL
CULTURAL EXCHANGE
ヽ
Ⅶ AR 2011-2012
PШ PARATION OF MESOPOROUS ZSM-5 ANDITS
APPLICAT10N AS CATALYST FOR GAS CONVERS10N
P面 IldPal lnVesigator:
Dr.Yulli I色 正syuttlingslL】 【」snandi
Chemisty Deparment
OfMathem甑 cs and Science
Faculサ
SCENCE AND TEC}[NOLOGY RESEARCH CENTER
UttUVERSITY OF INDONESIA
DEPOK 2012
Osaka Gas Founda■ o■ of lnteHla■ onal Cultural Exchange(OGFICE)
Research Center for Science and TechDology― University of lndonesia
P′ θ
∫θ,筋 イ
硝′
′,,′ αttOヵ O/〃 ∫οpο /ο 夕dZttj,ヵ ′ Jr6 1pp/デ θαttο,?ιγ
デο
(夕
,・
g斜 ♂οナ?ツ θ/6デ 0"
Л,"β ノ」
卍
η?ο /ノ
A.Rescarch Title
PREPARAT10N OF ⅣIESOPOROUS ZSⅢ 子5 AND XTS
APPLICAT10N AS CATALYST FOR GAS CONVERSION
Be Abstract
Mesoporous ZSM‐ 5 has becn synthesized using twO dfferent methods in order to
obtain diffcrcnt active mesoporous structuresi sccOndary template methOd and alkalne
treatllent.The secondary method has showllto provide higher mesoporosity compared to
he alkaline treatment.Thus,he mattrial prcpared through secondary template using
TPAOH and PDDA was used for prehmintty catalメ ic teSt.COba■ was ioaded using
-5, Thc catalysts then are characte五 zed
il■ pregnation mehod to the mesoporous ZSム 江
using various solid state characte五 zttion inethods such as BETラ XRD,TGA,TEM and
SE"f.Cobalt contains are dete■ 11lined by AAS■ leaslェ rement.The catalysts were then used
in application for partial oxidation of gaseous methane in batch rcactor.Atthis moment,
preli■linary
test shows hat mehanol was he nュ aln results as detemined by GC‐ FttD
measurement aftcr thc product、 vas cxttactcd from thc zeolites.
C.Introduction
正)irect mehane conversion to usenュ l chet五 cal products has long been one ofthe
grcatcst challenges in hetcrogeneous catalysisっ
due to the scvere thellllodynamic bttriers
associatedコニ
血 htt reaction.P.P,Knops‐ Gerits,W.A,Goddard HI[1]reported catalytic
oxidaion ofrnethane Ⅶ 血 N2C)uSing Fe―ZSM-5 and othcr Fc zeolite systems in order to
optimize mehane conversion acu撹 サ.N20 gaS is raher dfflcult to handle,compared to
molccular(Э 20r eVen alr.Therefore,perfolllling the rcaction using oxygen as Oxidant can
be more attractivc and economicЛ
.h wasrepoied htt Cu ZSM-5[2,3]and CO ZSM‐ 5
[4]were able to perfomi the mehane to oxygenttes rcaction,using Oxygen as o対 dant.
Utilizing zeolite as catalyst somehow have several dra、 vbacks, such as he
relaively smЛ l and sole micropores(0,5-2 1lm)in ZeOlites signncantly inauence the
mass ttansport to and from he active sites iocated in価 cropores[5,6].Furtherinore,he
sniall porcs can easily be cokcd by he product()r side products, such as in 41ethanol
conversion on acid zeolite(H― ZSM‐ 5)catalyst[7].TheSe prOblems have caused he
application ofzeolite catalysts become rcstricted.
Recendy)Beznis et.al[8]reported Oxidation of mehane to mehanol and
fokょ
1laldehyde ovcr Co ZSM-5 aggiomeratcs,The focus of hcir work was tllning he
and selecti宙 サ by alkaline and acid treatments of he zeolite ZSM‐ 5
reacti宙 ty
aggiomerates. The selective activation of rncthanc to、 vards mehanol and follllaldehyde
over Co‐ ZSM-5 can be influenced by altering he■ 近cro― and meso― porosity ofthe zeolite
mateial.Alkaline treatnent apphed to ZS卜 I-5 zeottte lnate五 als with an org劉 工c tcmplate
inside he■ licropore stmcture resulted in the follllatiOn intercrystalline mesopores inside
he zeolite agyomerttes and an incrcase ofhe cxtcmal surfacc area.Furthemore,Co―
Na―
ZSⅢ←5 samples wcre more selective towards mettlanolthan Co― H‐ ZSⅢ Iぃ 5.
ht]五 s proposed rescarch夕 preparation of rnesoporous Co― ZSM‐ 5 using different
approach will be conducted Two mehods reported by lnagaki et.al[9]and Wang et.al
[10]are chOsen前 血 some modiication The irst method enquires convcntional ZS]M-5
zeolites as stttng mate五 al and cationic surfact〔 江lt aS meso― strllctllre direcing agent.
りVhユ e the second mcthod use common al削 区五na and silica solュ rces as wen as organic
templttes for synthesis.The Si/Alofhe ZSM-5 materials前 ■be varied,and the effect to
Co― active sites M■ be investigated.The as― prepared inesoporOus ZSM-5 and Co― ZSM-5
2
P/υ α′ οИ OF"θ ∫οュ ′ο″d ZS豚―jα 刃″
'ο
'″
・プ
Л,ヵ αどRTο ァ
θα″οηtt θ,″ lノ∫rノ♭ gtt θοηッθお
γノ デ
'な
'・
mateials will be characteized prior to he catalメ
'Oη
ic teSt Of mchane to mehanol
conversion in the presence ofrnolecular oxygen
H.Conclusion
From this thorouし。h investigation on synthesis and modincation of ZSM-5
、
vith various
materials, it can be concluded that we are successftll in preparing ZSM-5
type of porosity,stalting from nlicroporous to hierachical ZSM-5 that possess both!Ⅵ icro―
and mesopore systeins in one structure. Frolm three synthesis techniques, lve foLind that
synthesis using double template medlod is the best technique to obtain hierarchical ZSyl―
5 having high rnesoporosity,
PreliHlinary stlldy o】 ュeinptoying mesoporous Co/ZSM‐ 5 as catalyst in partial
oxidation ofrnethane shows pronュ ising results.Frona this lvork,■ ve can learn that:
1,Mesoporous Co/ZSM-5 can be prepared frol粗 `template'free ZSM-5 that has already
mesoporosity.So、 ve can offer alternative l■ atel・ ial froln commercia‖ y`templated'
ZSM-5
2.The catalytic test shOws that the catalyst is considerably reactive in converting
methane to lmet1lanol as results of the prese1lce of cobalt oxide species in the meso―
challllel ofthe stl‐
し
lctL】 re,
3.The regellerated catalyst could be rellsed for the sa】 ュ
le reaction although its activity
decreased,
In conclと lsion, the 11lesoporous Co/ZSM‐ 5nldt is potential to be used as
heterogeneOus catalyst for lnethane partial oxidation atthouし 。h the material was
synthesized through differellt rotlte fl・ olll the OriginaHy alkaHne tl・ eatlnellt procedure on
“template― うlled"ZsM_5 material.
Ffttar Reρ orと
Osaka Cas戸 ovnJatio′ ,oF′nterη arionar
vre
cv′ と
Excr,ange
Year 20TT/20T2
The Chlo卜 Alkali Production by
Electrolysis Plasma Process h NaCI Elec社 olyte Solution
■日Ч
Ｌ■ア
ａ■ｖ
A
Principal investigator:
Neison Saksono
Department of Chenlical Engineering
Facuity of Engineering University ofindonesia
2012
1.
Introduction
Cmor AlkaL industry is one of the inost important industrial sectors in cheHlical industry,This
sector becomes supporting oher sectorsbecause its products can bc used as raw materials in
othё r
industty. In Europe, CHor Alkali industry supported about 550/O of cheHical and
pharilnaceutical industries which gave proits to 660 billion in 2009(Euro Chlor Co正
口五ttee,
2009)
StiC Soda ①LOH),HypOCHortte,and
Cmor Akali lndustty produces Cmorine,Hydrogen,C孤 ユ
other derivttivcs of CHorineと om NaCl and wtter(H20)aS raW mtterials,Chiorhe(C12)and
Caustic Soda(NaOH)are twO often chemical sllbstances which are produced he most and used
as raw materials of other daily products, such as: Inedicinesぅ
detergents, deodorants,plastics,
herbicides,insecticides,disinfectants)etc.(Bommarttu,2010)。
Ch10r Alkali production needs
much elcctrical energy to process the electrolysis 6f Alkali solution(NaCl)。
The cOst for
electricity in hdustry can reach unti1 70° /O ofthe selling price of he products(SantOrelli,2009).
Therefore,the effort to reduce the consumpion of clectrical energyin廿
近s industrial scctor is
needed by doing rescarch to get lnore efflcient rnethod and technology.
In convcntional electrolysis processフ
NaCl and water(H20)Will prOduce Caustic Soda cTaoH)ラ
H2, C12, and Other side products at certain condiions such asNaC10, Chlorate ions, etc.
Convenional Electrolysis follows he Faraday Rllle where conversion gotten is iow、
vhile the the
electrical energy consumtion is high.Key constraints on traditionalelectrolysis are the problem
of bubbles and he siow difilsio1lratcs of produced hydrogen in hquids,sothese constrttnts are
mi五 mized and Possibly abscnt inthe plasma hydrolysis(Chaffln,2006).
The plasma electrolysis process is similar wlh elcc廿 olysis process,but tt is done witt hi帥
enough voltage until hc clecttic spark is fo■ 11lcd producing he plasma on he electrolyte solution.
The plasma win produce reactive species such as radical H and OH on large amolnt ttLch are
a∝ clerated by he sharppotcntial gradient and have enough kinetic energy to induce血 que
chemical changcs in aqucous solutions,so it is able to increase he fo上
上
1lation of hydrogen and
oxygen in KOH solution several more times than he Faraday electrolysis process(MizllnO,
2005i Saksono N,2010).
The results of plasma electrolysis in KOH solution from previous researchers is enabled to be
apphed in plasma electrolysis of NaCl solution, bccause KOH and NaCl solution have the
simllar characteristic,hat boh of hem are strong electrolyte.On his researchぅ
here胡 1l
be a
design of plasma electrolysis which include plasma generator aspect which able to produce DC
voltage up to 400 V,plasma electrolysis rcactor which given a coolant and product separation
system.Electrolyte solution used is NaCl and he products are Cmottne and Hydrogen gas,and
NaOH solution.
7. CIosillg
7.l CollclusioI虫
Conclusions ofthe research arc as follo、
v:
1. This study has been able to prove he foHnaion of chiorine gas though Plasma
clectrolysis]method. Plasュ ma is foklllCd yellowぃ browll from C卜 ions containcd in NaCl
solution.
2. The incrcasc in voltage and NaCl concentration led to the greater glo、 ving plaslma fOnmed
which increases the cmorinc gas production.
3. Thc largcr the surfacc area ofthe electrode in the solution,the electrical current generated
is greater so that the chiorinc gas prOduced is also increase.
4. The best energy consumption generated is 284.51 kJ/■
lmol C12 which reaches up to 38
times bctter han electrolytic process in he same reactor conflgllration.
5. The Hgher the voltage,the flnal solution pH decrcascs, On the oher hand,、 矛hile lhe
highcr the NaCl conccnttation,the l近 gher he pH ofthe final solution is generated、 vhich
showed the prescnce ofNaOH is fonlled in solution.
6. The more hc dccrease of pr[of the flnal solution duc to advcrse reacions to follll
productssuchasl子
(≧:怪 :甘
ζ
n,chiOrate,and others.
llei°
7.2 Futureヽ Vork
Sever〔 工 important aspects needed for the next research in order to get optinllttn rcsutt
Υc
as followi
l. Plasma reactor design for chlor‐ alkali productiOn can be optilnized by adding Protoll
Exchange WIembrane which separates cathode and anode, Selective Membranc is
intended hat the Nが ions mOve from the anode to he cahode though the membrane
toward selcctive whilc OH‐ ions rem五 n in the cathOde chamber.It can optiEniZe the
product NaOH generated so hat byproducts Of the reaction betwccn OH‐
due to he
chlorine component can bc avoidedo WVih hc least side reactions, the production of
chlorine gas can bc increased.
2. Binding mcttOd Of chiorine dioxide with KI solution is less than opimal because of the
use of open systems.Tイ エs may cause some ofthe chiorinc gas off and not get caught by
KI.The use of a closed bubbler systenl is tO avOid the escape of ch10rine gas. So hat
productivity ofchiorine gas can be rnaxilnaly rneasurcd.
3, Process variables need to be added in Ordcr to sec the production paiem of chiorine gas
productiOn and energy cOnsumpion to get the best operatiOnal conditiOn.One that can be
done is tO increase the voltage(>500V)with 10w cOncentrations.In he research about
production ofhydrogen using plasina electrolysis,proved that the higher voltage obtained
beier energy efflciency, It can also occur in the application of plasma electtolysis
technology in the ch10r― alkah production,
③
FINAL REPORT
Osaka(3as Foundation ofinternationai Cuitural Exchange
(OGFICE)
Research Fund 2011/2012
Mitigation of Vapour CIoud Explosion
Ettects using WateH■ ist System
By
Prof.Dr.I「 .Yulianto S Nugroho,MScH
Department of Mechanical Engineettng
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH CENTRE
RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF UNIVERSITY OF INDONESIA
Engineering Centre Building
Facuity of Engineering,University ofindonesia
Kampus UI Depok 16424
2012
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1.Backgrouttnd
Liq■letted pe廿 ole■ lm
gas(LPG)has been h use as h()uschold Attl all over he
world for several decades.Until the late 1980s,■
s use h thc develophg world was
largely confmed to he economically well― o∬ strata of he socieサ but it has since
spread over a much larger catchnent,The increashg use of LPG has enhanced and
gcneralized ttle isk ofa Ctboiling hquid expanding vapor cxplosion"(BLEVE).Th偽
is evidencedと onl he reports tthcL appear now and then of a LPG cyhder hnvhg
exploded in a householdぅ
some wolkslЮ P,or on a bus,a trttn,and a boat[4-6].h
fact some very mttOr ttagedies have been ttiggered by such cxplosions帝
hch also set
orfres and cause sccondary accidents[4-5].
Flax4mability is hc capabiと ty of a substancc to iBШte easily,bllHl htcnscly
甑 d Spread rapidly[4-10]. Exttelne cauion should be taken when stottng and
handlhgユ aIュ:Hlable mate五 Лs.Of hcユ ax― able and co五 bustible liquids and gases
h llse,he most common are■ quid hydrogcn,liquefied petЮ lellm gas(LPG)and
natural gas(methane).LPG is a dangerous fre孤 ld eXplosion hazard when released
h air. Vapors may n。 、
v along surfaces for substantial distances,reach a sollrce of
i」 工
tion
and nash back.LPG is Лso an asPhyxiant。 ■ is heavler hanれ ,alld may
acc― ulate ttits and ohcriow lyね g
arcas whcre it may displace air[6].
An exPlosion is a suddcn,violent release of energy.It is usually accompれ
ed
by a loud noise and an exPanding pressure wavc of gas. The pressure of the gas
decreases witt distanceと om he ottgh or epicentero Explosions resu■ itt from he
i即 直
tion ofユ anmable
mat前 als may also be accompaIュ ed by a hgh temperaire
缶 eball血 at can i♂ 工te combustbles h its Pah[4っ 5].
Wtter is an eFect市 e and widely used flre― aghthg agent due to ns supmor
suppression capabilities,in the fo二
Hェ
of bulk water,sprays,and ine ilist,The suppression
mechanism for he fhe mist is latent heat of absorptiOn through evaporation and oxygen
dilution over milll‐ second time scales.Thouと
れwater
has ttadiionally been sludied for fre
suppression, numerous reports describe ■litigation of condensed― phase exPIosions, vapor
1
cloud explosions and ushg water mist,waterwalls,孤 ld aCt持 e and pass持 ewater deluge
systems,
The abiltt of a structte to absorb and renect blast energy is extremely
imPortant h blast iIⅡ igation, Smctures hat can absorb and renect blast energy
erettively前 ll ettciently dissゃ ate and dsperse he intensive pressl】 re pulse and
protect皿 メhnglocated Lhld hem[14].
Ths study sttdies he characteitics of water mist spray and its htcraction
witt shockと ont and how thc blast paiem l血 gh changeo ln amtion,血 s sttdy
oxplores he]ν lach n―ber ofthe shoOk wave generated by he shock ttbe and he
httact ofhe blast on he詞婢cent Ottect at v航 olls dittanceso The socieサ in general
胡 1l bencit from the results oftts studyと om the safety at work prespectivcs,Ths
is ofscientiic and industti〔 址interest.
1.2 Research OtteCt市 es
獅 s rescarch〔 』ms to study he effect wateanist cwtttn on lhe blast Pattern
and blast energy resultedと om a vapour cloud exPlosion. So far he experllnental
sttdy and modclhg have been c[Hied outto study he aほ ngement ofmu■
i-1lozzles
on watem道 st densttr and COVerage.Regardhg the vapollr clol遭 explosion sれ dy,an
attuSinent has been considered,in ttHch a new shock血 be apparatlis was set― llp
to
と趙肛eo The selection
develop blast erect representng the exPlosion test ofLPC}― aと ■
of a compressed‐ alr d五 ven shock tubeサpe iS due to simphcity of applicadon and
wide sPread avttlabilⅢ Offacility[13,14].
A hgh speed宙 deo camcra of l,000 frames per second(fps)Was employed to
record mportant sequences leadng to blast hμ ct to a Pl試e otteCt,SeverЛ
paraine髄 c study mcluding he effect to otteCt dttancc havc been鍼
ed in thc
cuコ ビ
ent work.ふ /1easllrement of static presstlres along the tube enables calculaion of
the speed ofblast wave and the esimation ofthe Mach nmbcr.
Thc otteciveS Ofths wol・ ks are:
a. To dcsign and constnlct a new shock tube apparams and water!:nist
experiinental set― up.
2
bo To stildy he effect of llozzle arrangement om allx densⅢ
of the w証 ∝面飩
clrtam.
c.To charactα ise the newly developed shock ttbe apparatusっ
hcludhg the
Mach nmber,blatt energy andhe ttact ofblast onhe attaCent 6笥 ect.
d.To sttdy the potential ofwatemst curtain on blast energy■ 工tittdon。
3
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUS10NS
Charactettsics of density proile ofwater mist spray has been analyscd using unagc
pЮ cesshg tech耐 que.田
results show hat hgher pressllre for a llozzle aFangement
“
produce higher throw length ttHch can be represented by dens蜂
dispersion,Hi♪ er
water pressllre also produce llmfo上 皿 diSpersion at lower distanceと om
FЮ m
hc shockれ bc
expettments夕
nozzle中
.
it is folttnd hat the supersodc region was
acheved,郡正h he veloctty above l夕 00 Mach.h gener〔 工五 can be s五 d that he ncw
ith
apparatus work very well wlth the results lbund to be consistence、 Ⅲ
Lower shock energy indcator is expected ationger dstanceと
tlle literature.
om the dp ofthe shock
籠be. The effect ofwateコ 匡工St On the面 igaion ofthe blast should be Iも コ趾℃r studied.
25
Research Report
OSAKA GAS FOUNDATION of INTERNATIONAL CULTURAL EXCHANGE
Rearing Method and Resistance Levels of Musca domesticafrom Jakarta, Bandung,
Yogyakarta and Surabaya to Pyrethroid and Carbamate Insecticides
Principal Investigator:
Intan Ahmad
Academic Unit
Management of Bio resources Research Group,
School of Life Sciences and Technology
INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG
January 2014
1
I.Executive Summary:
Title:Rearing Method and Resistance Levels of Musca domesticafrom Jakarta, Bandung and
Yogyakarta to Pyrethroid and Carbamate Insecticides
Head of Research Team: Intan Ahmad
Team Members: Silvi Susanti, Resti Rahayu, and Nova Hariani
Offial Address: School of Life Sciences and Technology, ITB. Jalan Ganesa 10 Bandung
40132, Indonesia
Extended abstract
House flies (Musca domestica) is one of the common urban pest that caused health,
economics, and aestetics problems. Some of the common diseases carried by this insect are
cholera, typhus, anthrax, diarea, and dysentri. Furthermore, house flies are highly associated
with the environment health condition.
There are two common practices to control the population of house flies, i.e. to
improve the sanitary condition and by using insecticide. The most commonly used
insecticides to control population of house flies are pyrethroid and organophosphate.
However, intensive used of insecticides and lack of knowledge on the appropriate methods of
insecticide application has caused resistance of house flies to insecticide. This condition lead
to instensive observation and research on status and mechanism of resistance to improve the
effectiveness of insecticide application to house flies population. Effective application will
reduce the amount of insecticide applied and in advance improve environment condition.
Unfortunately, to the best of our knowledge, in Indonesia, we do not have any information
regarding the house flies resistance/susceptible to insecticide.
We studied the resistance status and mechanisms of house flies to common insecticide
applied in Indonesia. Based on the Topical application methods to find resistance status and
PBO (Piperonyl Butoxide) to detect resistance mechanism of house flies. We found that the
strain BDG has become resistant strains to permethrin with LD90 228.7 x 10-3 µ g/fly and RR90
133.7X while the most susceptible strain was YGY with the LD90 1.71 x 10-3. Strain SBY
with LD90 62 771 x 10-3 µ g/fly and RR90 38.36X was the most resistant strain to propoxur,
followed by BDG with LD90 29 821 x 10-3 µ g/fly, RR90 18.22X, and the most vulnerable is
strain YGY with LD90 1636,27 x 10-3 µ g/fly. After the addition of PBO, all LD50value for
permethrin YGY generally decreases with SR 1.35, BDG with SR 2.23, and SBY with SR
3.59. As for propoxur BDG with SR 4.07, JKT with SR 11.08 and SBY with SR 0. Based on
this data, we conclude that the strain of BDG has experienced resistance to permethrin and
propoxur, SBY only experiencing strains resistant to propoxur alone, and strains YGY is still
2
susceptible strains among the four strains of both types of insecticides. Addition of PBO
lowered the value of LD of all strains, including the internationally standard susceptible
strains from Denmark and Malaysia and indicating MFO play important role in the
occurrence of resistance in resistant flies, although presumably other mechanisms also work
together.
As for the development of rearing methods we managed to develop a method using
food and cow’s liver as media for house flies to deposit their eggs. After 24 hours, cow’s
livers that already deposited with house flies’ eggs were moved to larval medium until pupal
stage. About seven days after pupation, adults houseflies eclosed.
3
Research Report
Osaka Gas Foundation of International Cultural
Exchange (OGFICE)
Response to global warming:
Evidence from Indonesian waters whichexposed
tothe West Pacific and Indian Ocean
Principal Investigator
Ivonne Milichristi Radjawane, M.Si, Ph.D.
Academic Unit
Research Division
: Oceanography.
Faculty/School
: Earth Sciences and Technology.
INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG
December, 2013
1
I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1. TITLE OF RESEARCH
:Response to Global Warming Evidence from
Indonesia waters which exposed to the West Pacific and Indian Ocean
2. HEAD OF RESEARCH TEAM : Ivonne M. Radjawane, Ph.D
3. TEAM MEMBERS
:Dr. Lamona I.Bernawis
Apriansyah, S.Si
Oties Suryaprakasa, S.Si
Muhamad Fadli, S.Si
4. OFFICIAL ADDRESS
: Labtek XI. 2nd floor
Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132
5. EXTENDED ABSTRACT
:
Physical Properties Surrounding the Indonesian Seas from Pacific Ocean to Indian Ocean
Ivonne RADJAWANE1#+, Lamona BERNAWIS1, Oties SURYAPRAKASA1, Apriansyah
APRIANSYAH1, Muhammad FADLI1, Bayu PRIYONO1
1
Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia
#
Corresponding author: [email protected] +Presenter
Indonesia has a unique location in the low latitude region that connected the tropical west
Pacific and southeast Indian Oceans. We investigate the physical seawater properties of the
surround area of Indonesian Seas in changing climate during 2000 -2011. The domain of the
research was selected based on the availability of the Argo’s data as the main data i.e
morthern part of Papua as a part of tropical west Pacific and southern part of Java and
western part of Sumatra which part of Indian Ocean.The SST and mixed layer temperature,
salinity and SSHA (sea surface height anomaly) tend to increases 0.5-1.5oC, 0.3-0.6psu and
0.73 cm/year, respectively in north of Papua waters. ENSO is much affected the water
when the El Nino (La Nina) episodes happened then the upper themocline depth in this
region decreases until 25-50m (increases up to 100-150m). West coast of Sumatra and south
Java waters has the same rate of temperature and SSHA change but smaller compare with
the north Papua waters i.e. 0.3-1 oC and 0.375 cm/year
4
6. LIST OF RESEARCH OUTPUT :
No
Ttitle
Authors
Publications
Remark
1
Physical
Seawater
Properties of Indonesian
Seas and the Forecast in
Changing Climate
Lamona
I.Bernawis,
Apriansyah, M.
Fadli dan
Ivonne M.
Radjawane
Poster
presentation
Asia-Oceania
Geosciences
Society
(AOGS),
Singapore, 1316 August
2012
2
Karakteristik Massa Air Oties
di
Perairan
Utara Suryaprakasa,
Ivonne M.
Papua
Radjawane dan
Lamona I.
Bernawis
Presented at Submitted to
PIT ISOI IX,
Jurnal
Ilmu
Mataram 2123
dan Teknologi
October2012
Kelautan
Tropis
3
Suhu dan Salinitas di
Perairan Barat Sumatera
dalam Iklim yang
Berubah
4
Physical
Properties
Surrounding
the
Indonesian Seas from
Pacific Ocean to Indian
Ocean.
5
Temperature Variability
Muhammad
Fadli, Lamona
I.
Bernawis
dan Ivonne M.
Radjawane
Ivonne
M.
Radjawane, L.I
Bernawis, Oties
Suryaprakasa,
M.
Fadli,
Apriansyah
and
Bayu
Priyono
Ivonne
M.
in South Java Waters Radjawane,
based on Argo Float Dayu
Data in 2008-2010
Presented at
PIT ISOI IX,
Mataram 2123
October2012
Poster
presentation at
Asia Oceannia
Geoscience
Society (AOGS)
Meeting,
Brisbane, 2428 June 2013
International
Submitted
Seminar
to
and International
G. Workshop
Wibisono
and Hydrography.
M. Fadli
Batam
on Journal
of
Remote
Islands Sensing
and
27 -30 August Earth Sciences
2013.
6
Characteristics of Water
Masses in the Raja
Ampat Waters
Fendry
Mamengko,
Y.S. International
S. Conference
Hadi and I. M. Hasanuddin
Radjawane
University,
Makassar,
5
September 2013
7
Variabilitas
Permukaan
Suhu
Laut
PIT
di
ISOI
Jakarta,
Perairan Raja Ampat
X, Paper
12-13 submitted
November 2013
Jurnal
to
Ilmu
dan Teknologi
Kelautan Tropis
II. TECHNICAL REPORT
The research was going well. We can solve the problem.
6
Research Report
2011/2012
Osaka Gas Foundation of International Cultural Exchange
(OGFICE)
Research Title
PERFORMANCE STUDY ON INTEGRATED
PRODUCTION WELL SYSTEM OF GAS
CONDENSATE RESERVOIR
Principal Investigator:
Prof. Pudjo Sukarno, Ph.D.
Academic Unit
Research Division
:
Drilling Engineering, Production, Oil &
Gas Management
Faculty/School
.
:
FTTM
INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG
December 2013
I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1. TITLE OF RESEARCH
: Performance Study on Integrated Production Well
System of Gas Condensate Reservoir
2. HEAD OF RESEARCH TEAM : Pudjo Sukarno, Prof., Ph.D.
3. TEAM MEMBERS
:
a. Leksono Mucharam, Ir., Ph.D.
b. Kuntjoro Adji Sidarto, Dr.
c. Darmadi, Dr., MT
d. Iskandar Fahmi, MT
e. Ardin Fardiansyah, S.Si
f. Dila Puspita, M.Si
g. Nandia Primasari, S.Si
h. Rudy Kusdiantara, M.Si
4. OFFICIAL ADDRESS
i. Isti Rodiah, M.Si
: Research Consortium – Optimization of Pipeline
Network (OPPINET), Centre for Mathematical
Modeling and Simulation (PPMS), ITB
5. EXTENDED ABSTRACT
:
Gas is nonrenewable natural resources other than petroleum, which plays an
important role in the provision of industrial raw materials, energy needs, and
generating substantial foreign exchange. More than 80% of national energy needs are
using oil and natural gas. Current conditions indicate that the use of petroleum as
source of energy accounted for 55% of the total national energy supply, while natural
gas contributed 25%. Conversely, as viewed from the reserves, Indonesia has oil
reserves of 8.68 billion barrels while gas reserves amounting to 159.63 tcf, which
consists of 107.34 tcf of proven reserves and 52.29 tcf of potential reserves. If the
reserves are produced at current production levels of approximately 3.0605 bcf
(Reserve to production ratio), it will be able to provide for about 53 years. Prospects of
reserves growth prove that gas reserves in the future are still optimistic considering
the potential reserves are large enough, i.e. 52.29 tcf, besides the possibility of
additional findings from the exploration of new reserves in the future.
The main problem in the operation of gas field production is how to keep reservoir gas
production in accordance to consumer demands within the plateau time. In this
research we develop an integrated model for gas field deliverability, considering gas
flow in tubing and pipeline, as well as separation conditions on surface. Although the
reservoir initially produces gas flown over the tubing, due to pressure and
temperature drops along the tubing and the flowline, condensate is formed later. The
system considered in this research is a single well system from subsurface to surface
as illustrated at the following figure.
Figure: Subsurface and surface simple model
The method used in this study generally consists of several things below.
1. Phase Identification
The phase checking of flowing fluid traverse along tubing and pipeline is
performed by phase envelope. To construct a two-phase envelope, there are
several works to be done, i.e determination of critical point, bubble point
pressure calculation, dew point pressure calculation, dew point temperature
calculation. For these work we use Newton Raphson method.
2. Flash Calculation
Flash calculations are required to know the amount of hydrocarbon liquid
and gas coexisting in the pipeline at a given pressure and temperature.
Furthermore, these calculations are also performed to determine the
composition of the existing hydrocarbon phases that are needed to determine
moles of the gas phase, moles of the liquid phase, composition of the liquid phase,
and composition of the gas phase. Based on the calculatin then we can determine
physical properties of gas-condensate.
3. Equation of State
Equation of State is required to calculate equilibrium ratio, compressibility
factor, and fugacity coefficient. In this study we use Equation of State of PengRobinson (PR) and Soave- Reidlich-Kwong (SRK).
4. Gas Reserves Estimation
Gas reserves estimation can be conducted by determining the Initial Gas in
Place (IGIP) for using volumetric method or material balance method. In
volumetric method, geological data, rock and gas properties are required
to determine reservoir pore volume and value of water saturation for
calculating IGIP. If the production data in term of cumulative production is
available, the gas reserves can be estimated using material balance equation. We
use Hagoort and Vo et. al. method for calculating of two-phase Z-factor in
material balance calculations of gas-condensate reservoir.
5. Gas Well Deliverability
We need to calculate the flow capacity of gas well to plan the operation of a gas
field. Deliverability expresses the relationship between decreasing of
production rate with reservoir pressure as a result of depletion process. For
gas-condensate well, standard dry gas deliverability equations have always
been used to predict the Inflow Performance Relationship (IPR) models. In
reality, this approach is inadequate leading to erroneous results. In this
research, we use an adequate, simple, and efficient scheme to obtain IPR curves
for portraying gas-condensate well sustainability, represented by the concept
of Archers IPR and Fetkovichs IPR.
6. Gas Flow Performance in Tubing
Gas flow performance in tubing from the bottom hole to the well head is
represented by pressure and temperature drop equation along the tubing
as a function of gas flow rate. The tubing performance calculation is started
from the bottom of well, where the wellhead pressure, wellhead temperature,
and gas flow rate are obtained from gas well deliverability equation. The
calculations are considered for single-phase and two-phase cases. or onephase, Cullender-Smith method is used. For condensate gas, there are four
equations which can be used to deter- mine pressure drop in tubing. Those
are Hagedorn-Brown, Peffer-Miller-Hill, Sutopo-Sukarno, and Gray correlation.
the correlation used to determine the temperature profile is Shiu- Beggs
correlation.
7. Gas Flow Performance in Flowline
For estimating pressure drop in flowline for dry gas flow, we use Panhandle A,
Panhandle B, Institute of Gas Technology (IGT), and Weymouth correlations.
Meanwhile for estimating pressure drop in flowline for two-phase flow we use
Beggs and Brill correlation. For estimating temperature drop in flowline for
both dry gas and two-phase flow we use rigorous temperature drop model
proposed by Hein.
Three cases are simulated to test our model. The first is simulation of phase envelope,
the second is simulation of gas-condensate flow in flowline, and the third is simulation
of fluid flow in tubing. The results show that the model developed in this study can be
used to :
- generate phase envelope,
-
estimate pressure and temperature drop along flowline, and
estiamte pressure and temperature drop along tubing.
6. LIST OF RESEARCH OUTPUT
The following are outputs of the study:
a. Model of Integrated Production Well System of Gas Condensate Reservoir.
b. Method of gas condensate field production optimization.
c. Prototype software of Integrated Production Well System of Gas Condensate
Reservoir.
The C,saka Cas Founddtion ofinterndtiongi CuIIural Exchange(OCFiCE)
Research Crant FY 2011/2012
112111!26
Final Repo情
TrdditiondI Ecological Knowiedge in Rice FaH輛 ing System:
Case SIudy ct Lebakpicung Community.
Rdis Sonttit SP.MSi.
Nur Riand Rochimcw市 ,STP
Tovan Julianto, SP
Centerfor Environmental Research… Bogo『 Agricuitural Universily
Subnli‖ed lo:
Centerfor Environmental Research
Bogor Agricu‖ ural University
f()r
The Osaka Cos Foundation ofinternationci CuiturcI Exchamge(OCFiCE〕
October 2012
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Leb(】
kpicung people is o sm(xH communily of 53 households(dotc】
in 2012,who ore
descendonis oflhree sub― cornr1lunilies of Kosepuh(】 ni Corucub,Cikoret,c】 nd Cicemei.
Livelihood of Lebokpicung people hos been cotegottzed io trodilionolfrom tthe poini of
less occess io rrlodern technology.
This study wos oinning c】 十discovettng tthe hisiory of fornn(】 lion of Lebokpicung corYlm∪
nity′
discovettng十「odilionQl knowiedge in ttce forrYling sylern Qtt Lebokpicung corYlr1lUnity′
ond io on(】
Leb(】
lyzing tthe inslilu」 on(】
l dynomics of sus十
oinc】 ble
ttce forrning sytem ol
kpicung commun‖ y,
The siudy wos conducied o十 KompOng Lebokpicung′ Hegorrnon(】 h
Sub― disittc十 ′LebQk Disl百 ct
Vill(】 ge′
Cibeber
Bonlen P「ovince, Sludy wos conducted from December
201l io Ociober 2012. The siudy wos conductted ihrough severcli visiis to Kompong
Leb(】
kpicung. The moin methodology implementted in tthis reseorch wos deptth
inierviewes ond focus g「oup discussions(FGD}.
￨lc(】 n
K(】
be found f「 om this siudy lhQ十 lhere were 12 sic】 ges of ttce forrning system in
mpong Lebokpicung, Eoch sic】 ge consisis of locol ecologicol knowiedge of
educolion′
pr(】 clices′
nd iechnology(】 nd equipmenis used in ttce fc】
foith(】
rr1ling.￨十
ken pl(】 ce in ttce f(労
re(】 l leosiア cusiorn ceremonies i《 】
olso noticed th(】 十lhereく 】
systemo These百 lu(】 Is ore os ihonksgiving ceremonies frottR cOrYttrYlUnity′
imporionce of b@￨(】 nce′
〕i「 n歩 ヲsS Ond hc】 阿泊 ony
f《
OmOng corrlrr刊
∪nitty′
nη
is
∩ing
which ieoch the
Cod ond notture.
Some imporionキ locol knowiedgesin ttce f(】 rrning sysiem in KompOng Lebokpicung ore:
1〕
.Educottion ond p「 oclices in preserving gerrttplQsrYl Of 10col百 ce v(】 百ettyf
cycle of ttce forrr￢ ing′
3,.Co10ng「 oyong(lndOnesion cullure in cooper(】
ng scheme omong workers′ 4).Using irOdttionol hoⅣ
sh(】 百
on卜 on,,whiCh
Ore「 eo‖ y
helpful sociolly in shく
〕
百
ng
es市 ng
One yeOr
2す 。
lion,(】
nd prO呵 ￨
eq∪ ipmenis(etem Or
ogttcul十 urol prod∪ cis omong forrYlerS′
51.MoiniOining the gronory os o food「 eserye fo「 communily。
,っ rθ
Tr,力 すοИβrどて
′ 撤 οW力 鍵平 加 財 ∝
,α
=!て
閉′
αg9,0施 溌 ′)∫ ″ 釘 力 う,た 沢こ
即
Fて イ
rMr′
?=彰『惚,1,市
i肋 ″″μP′ οVlκ ?
膨 わβを P√ 翻 g Gο 胞招′ 11/,2多 gα ′
″伽 βカ
“
“
rrning sysiem in
Regording the instilulionQl dyncxmics,genero‖ y lhe institulonol ttce f(引
Kompong Leb(】 kpicung hos noi been chonged signmc(】
ntlyo Chc】 nges
onty occur when
itt cOmes io(引 government iniroduction of chemicoi fertilizer usoge through BIMAS in
1973. Wh‖ e intttnsic volues clre sti‖ mointoned by tocOi CorYlr▼ lUnity of Kompong
Leb(】 kpiCUng.
gα rJη f印 ,カ
TFt/,μ ι
Юθ?F,′ ptrИ g勲『セ訂 ∬ 乙?う αを PJ斜 帽 Cο 閉 μ′
“
鵡 で?
子惚
7,ザ ど
,g?,0う あ ″ )的 セ 4L?う ,た 沢?g?み叫 】と
“ 'Pギ
■1
,T,ど
T′βtrJri。
`,ο
蝉
ミ
?=rgぞ
Ю匈ツザ
FИ
The Osaka Cas FoundoMon ofintemationgi cuIlural Exchange(OcFICE〕
Reseorch(3ront FY 2011/2012
1121111〔 18
Final Repori
Introduction of C)rganic VegetQbles Farming to Enhance HousehOld Economy
α:AAicro
Hydro Energy lndependent Cornmunity of Kcmpong Leb口 kpicung′ Hego「 rnanQh vi‖
Cibeber Sub‐
district′
Lebak District′
BOnten Province
PurngmQ Hidayat
EIIyn K.Dc】
mayanti
Hefni Effendi
EdhiSand「 o
Centerfor EnvironmenIQI Research
Bogor Agricu‖
u「
QI University
Subnli‖ ed to:
Centerfor EnvironmenicI Research
Bogor AgricullurQ!University
for
The Osoka Cos Foundく ョ‖on ofinternctionQI Cuttural Exchonge(OCFICE)
October 2012
age′
Executive Surれ rnary
Kompong Lebokpic∪ ng
is one of Kc】 sep∪ hon Cornmuniキ ies which people livelihood is
cottegottzed lo l「 odittionol from lhe poini of less occess to rnodern lechnology. There
Ore 51 ho∪ seholds(PLN & PPL日 ―IPB 2010)(】 nd o‖ ho∪ seholds eng(】 9e in ogttc∪ ￨￨∪「①
l
(〕
producing ttce fors∪ bsisttence′
clivitties′
c】
キbolh d「y ond wei clgttc∪
Lebokpicun(フ peopl(〕 hove been procキ icing trodittionol Qgttc∪
prod∪ cl ond so f(〕
rs∪ fficiently
￨lu「
￨lu「 QII(〕
nds.
e. Rice is the mclin
produced by culliV⑥ ling ttce once Q yeor.They hove olso
been producing ttce seeds by lhen∩ selves,so lhol locol百 ce v⑪ 百elies ore conserved.
However′ lhere hos beenless expettence ond knowledge on c∪
menttioned by HidQyol ond So百
in9 hottiC∪ ∪re′ incl∪
culliv① キ
￨十
people h⑪ ve been p∪
liiv① ling
vegelobles. AS
fOrrnersin Lebokpicung oreo、 vere notf(引 rnilior
(2011)′
in
ding ve9ettobles(】 nd fruiles. Therefore′ Leb(〕 kpic∪ ng
rch(〕 sing
′
veget(】 bles fronR Olher vil oges. They ho｀ e lo spend lheir
money fo「 十his, Meonwhile if tthey c∪ ivQle vegelobles by ttherliselves′
￨十
lhey con sov(,
money.
wos(〕 imed ot enhoncing ho∪ sehold economics by inlroducing orgonic
This si∪ dy
vegeloble forrning by
s∪ ch os or(〕 ()nic fe「‖lize「 s
ond bio―
IIヽ 甲os expecied lh(】 l ofler Lebokpic∪ ng people successf∪ l in perforitting
pesiicides
org(〕 nic
∪sing iocol resources′
vegeioble forrning′ lhey co∪ ld consume lhe ve(〕 elobles for s∪ bsistence o∩
d
lhey con even gel(】 ddiキ ionolincome by selling lhe s∪「pl∪ s vegelobles ihey grew.
The sttudy wos conducled ol Kompong Lebokpic∪
S∪ b― dis十 河
cl′ Leb(】 k Disl百 cl′
ng′
Hegclrrnonoh Villclge′
Cibeber
Bonlen ProVince. The sludy wos cond∪ cled lhrough severol
visils to Korrpong Lebokpicung. D∪
ring lhe visils′ (1)i∩ fOrrncllion
bosed on Lebokpic∪ ng peopleis preferences wos co‖ ecled′
on veget(〕 ble vottelies
(2)sui十 oble vc】 百Gキ ieS fo「
Lebokpicung so‖ clnd clirnoie wos discussed′ (3)exlenSiOn on how lo perforⅣ 刊or9onic
forrtting′
i∩
ion′ pesl conlrol′
cludin(〕 lilloge′ n∪ rsery′ plonling′ ferliliz① キ
ond horvesiing wos
cond∪ cled′ (4)forrnersl gro∪ ps were es十 ①blished′ ond(5)exlenSiOn ond proctice on
forrning rttonQgemenl′ includin9 colcuioHon of f(】 rrning inpul ond o∪ lpul′ plonning for
nextt plc】 nling
seoson were cond∪ ctted.
The Foc∪ sC「oup Disc∪ ssion reveoled tthol十 he
lhe conlm∪ nilyisnops beon′
beon′ Qnd biller go∪
fo‖ ow
ng vegelobles were preferred by
coisim′ lornoio′ c∪ cumber′ chili pepper′ sweel corn′
lon9
rd. Howeve「 ′bosed on some f(〕 「
「ner's expettences′ vegelobles
o Hydro Energy
CibeberSub― dis十 百ci′
lntroducttion of()「 9c】 nic Ve9et(〕 bles F(〕 rrnin(〕 to Enhonce Household Economy cltt Mic「
lndependeni Communily of K(】 mpon9 Lebokpicun9′ HegQrrY10nOh Vilc】
ge′
Leb(】 k Distttc十 ィBontten P「 ovince l tti
lhQl s∪ ￨IQble wilh soil ond cllrnole in Lebokpic∪
peppe「
s′
sweet COrn′ long beon′
esi(〕 bliShed
(】
ng were lomQloes′ cuc∪ mbers′
nd bil十 er go∪ rd.
Three for「 Yn e「 si g「 Oups
chili
were
ond p「 ovided wilh ve9eiclble seeds io proclice o「 9onic forrning. only
/ed good resulls′ in terrYl Of COoperoキ ion omong 9ro∪ p merlぅ be「 s
「OUp l sho、 ハ
(う
ond
vegelQble yield. FQil∪ res in plclnlir19 were Qlso expettenced by gro∪ p one os weHcls by
the olher i、 マo9「 o∪ ps, Problelns of plonling co∪ ld be idenlified、vere:(1)rel∪ Cloni tto
odopl orgonic fく 】rrning methOdS Which come from oulsido of lhe villoge′
leodership in lhe 9「 o∪ p′ 13)w‖ d bO(】「 Q十 1(】 cked vegettQble plonl(】
lion′
(2)no
ond(4)long
pettod of dry seoson.
To conclude′
vegetoble′
f(】「rners
in Leb(】 kpic∪ ng
were hord to odopl o「 g(〕 nic
forrning fo「
beccluse lhey were occ∪ siomed io proclice lrodiキ ionQI(】 gttc∪ ￨lures.
Troditionol ogttcull∪ rcll proclices in Lebokpicung were less inlensive lhon orgc】 nic
forrning rnelhods fronl oulside oftthe villoge.
Httusehold economics co∪ ld nol be enhonced yel′
yei been(】 dopled by the f(】
rrne「 sin
beco∪ se org(】 nic
forr泊 ing
hOs nOI
LebQkpicung,
「oducttion of C)「 9onic Ve9elclbles F(〕「rning tto Enhonce Household Economy c】 十Mic「 o Hydro Energy
lndependent com「 nunity of Kompong Let)okpicung′ He9(】「
「nonoh Viliclge′ Cibebe「 Sub_dis十 百cl′
Leb(】 k Disl百 ct′ Bontten P「 Ovince l iv
In十
EC
`13.2127
The Osaka Gas Foundation of IRternational Cultural Exchnnge(OGFICE)
Research Grant FY 2011/2012
Final Report
Utilttatio n oflocal energy resOurces to strengthen Energy lndependent Village(cを
lSe
study at Exlergy lndependent Village of Kampong LebЯ kpicung,Lebnk Regency,
Banten Province)
Y.Aris Pulwanto
Kukuh Murtilaksono
Boedi Tjahjono
Sri凸/1alAhayati
Center for ElⅣ irollmental Rescarch―
IPB
Sublnitted tO:
Center for Environmental Research
Bogor Agricultural University
for
The Osaka Gas Fourldation of lnternational Cultural Exchange(OGFICE)
October 2012
he
;縄解紆
髯
隅 咽ユ
棚 織監1)駅 盈冗:咄士
4之甜
比
置
堵
濃
難
Υ
酔盈
器詢
Bante
Districぅ
Lebatticung
There was idl
tilization of iocal energy resources froln micro
i想
熊晴瑠離?駕 評斌I♂ 寵
幣搬尊郵輔軽機:欄
憮 苺議路零
:
:継
ぎ
郡
could
the avai
po、 ver plant.
デ
η
θ
∫
∫
σ
チ
rJじ り,じ ο
59θ ttο リ フrο
Kり 翔つrゐ f'″ 99′ θ
//99フ rο θ
rc9ざ
θ
,rg刀 9′謬 r9s。 夕
カ9,′ ο
チ
力じ
11
?◇
,デ
ー
⊇りど
113,1107
MSO/V.1.2010
一
こ
Ao TaiukPrOJek
PFげ ?0グlirJ?
Ketua Penyelidik
PFOJi?Cr L?α rr?F
FakultЛ nstitut
F,C′ 的 た4Srlir,ど ?
Ahli Kumpulall Penyelidik
翼?J?rrFC力 T?17れ Л″杉コ肥b?rd
B. Tarikh Geran Diluluskan
RINGKASAN LAPORAN AKHIR
GERAN PENYELIDIKAN OSAKA GAS
佳1(テ ИS
跡 の 0ダ OSИ ′
沢r
GRИ ⅣTRZPORTSし吻
WIodehng thc Effect ofrligh Productい 正ix on Factory
Perfonllanccs
Shirley Johathan Tttong
Faculサ OfEngincering
Dr.Magdalcne Andrew Munot
January 2012
prο フ
α′Dα 惚
CFα И才
/戦 児
Tempoh Projek
l Ycar
PFげ?C′ D′ r,どliOИ
Peruntukan Yg.Diluluskan
RM6860
】,こ Jg?ど ИPP/ο フ?″
Perbelaniaan Terkini
RⅢ f6846,70
βχPゼ η[Jlir′ F?TO■ Dα 惚
C.
Pencapaian Keseluruhan
,力 彪フ
Oフ ロ′
α〃Иて
?】 町?И ど
Hur五 kan pcncap五 an berbanding otteHit hipOtesis settapcHnasalahan asal yang diselidi電
D9Jcr,b9肋 99c加 9ッ 9麗 9η ′
ル9島 カノ
∫肋 r9′ ,ガ οt tO ttθ Or7g7刀 α′ο i9σ ′
フο肋9∫ ね ,刀 ′r9∫ 9,′ σ乃
b′
9胸
∫
P/ο
bυ
.
。
.
The initial proposed research prtteCt aims to model a whole wafer fabぅ 前血と
Ψut factors in
telllls ofproduct rnix and oher potential factors.The rnodel、 監s too large in data and simulaion
ioglcs which cause data loss and lagging in simulation.Upon discussion前 h particlptting
company,he simulation scale was reduced to only focus on he bottleneck workstation ofthe
wafer fab.Neverheless,hei五 ial ottemve Ofhe prttect,i.e.to model and evЛ uate he effect
ofhgh productrnix、 vas carried out and the data obtalned was sufflcient to support he original
hypohesis ofhe prttect.
D.
Pencapaian Utama
駒
Fli“ trlittg♂
1.CoHelation between hgh product m技 (10-100 types)at photolihography workstation
and its throughput.
2.The crect ofincreasing number ofmanpowerto ttroughput and average waiing time
when WIP is hgh product m故
.
2
`13.1〔
07
MSO/V.1.2010
RINGKASAN LAPORAN AKHIR
GERAN PENYELIDIKAN OSAKA GAS
EM9 0F OSИ 五色4(ν S
Gん4NTttPORTS5吻 沢r
A. TaiukPrOJek
Groundwater alld Surface Water lnteraction Study nt
Pulau Salak
PFOJi?Cr TlirJ?
Ketuュ Pellyelidik
:
Nor Azalina Rosli
PFO」 i?Cr L?α ι
r?F
FakultЛ nsdtut
Fakulti Ktturuteraan
FtTcИ J互 フ
ガИざrirИ 佗
Ahli Kumpulan Penyelidik
尺?♂ ?Irrc′ ,7をαη2 ЛИ杉 う?r♂
“
B. Tarikh Geran Diluluskaニ ュ
αJDα ど
♂
Crα Иtttrο フ
Tempoh Proiek
Proi FJ Putuhella
WIdHI Rosmina Ahmad Bustami
Mr Mohd.Haflz ZA4ア awi
January 2012
: l Year
P/οJiTcrD′ rrrど ,ο ヵ
Peruntukan Yg.DiluluskAn
RM5,500
】ИrJ=grИPPrο フ♂′
Perbelanjaan Terkini
RM5,500
どχr,?η ″ ′′?Tο ―
Dα 彪
'ど
C.
Pencapaian Keseluruhall
Oフ ?〉 rr〃 Иcr,J?フ g脇 ?И ど
Huraikan pencapttan berbanding ottektit hpoteSiS ScAa pcrinasalahan asal yallg disclidiki
ルg現 乃
乃g∫ ねα刀′/?∫ 9,/じ カ
Dθ ∫
crわ 9肋 9α じ
カテ
9ッ 9μ 9刀 府 テ
々 r9肋 ガοη′
ο肋90/Jg7η α′οりπナ
ノフοチ
P/ο b′ 9別 ∫
.
The outcomc of his rcsearch indicatcd hat he grollndwater quality for all wells is poor and
unit for direct consumpion. Thercfore, it was advisablc hat auttorities should monttor the
ground、 vatcr contanlination to avoid any hazardous possibilities hat may affcct rcsidents of
Pulau Salak.It is also suggested to build a sinlple、 vater tteatment for the 5 wells in Pulau Salak.
Besides, he villagers can dig hc 、
vell deeper becausc hc study found hat he distancc of
ground、 vatcr tablc and transition zone are very tar for the sea、
vater ilitmsion.By digging the、 vcll
deeper,it prevellts hc wcll from dried during dry season.On he oher hand,tlュ e study revcals
hatthe poor quality ofwater has already appeared atthe upstteal■
ofBatallg Scmttiang to Salak
Hver whcre hc water quality fall undcr Class IV wllich is sli宮 且ly pollutcd.It indicates that hc
river is suffering ttoni the non― degradable organic and inorganic contarninants as wen as the
untreated or p劉五ally treated sewage and discharge from wastewater.There are some
surrounding acivities spotted to be lhe reason of the river poユ ution such as mbbish littering
from upstreain and even froni the corrmunity as、 ve■ ,quanfies and no proper sanitaion for the
COElmllnities. Tllusラ the river water is not suitable for drinking consumption, isheries and
recreational acivities,、 vhch are currently being heavily carried out by the residents of Pulau
Salak on a daily basis]正 ence,■ is advisable hat auhorities take iIュ lmediatc action to monior
and improve he r市 er quahけ 。
D. Pencaptlian Utama
r?ノ Jテ豫″ittξ ざ
The key inding of hね research is he、 vater from all we■ s in Pulau Salak is not in a good
quality.Even hough some ofhe residence boiled he water before consumption,but hat action
wlll only killed the rnicroorganisms and not removing oher contalninants,
2
ｆｒ
予
ャ ι
︲
、 十
113(1107
MSO/Vl.2010
RINGKASAN LAPORAN AKHR
GERAN PENYELDIKAN OSAKA GAS
】んの OF ttkKた Cパ
い郷透4沢 r
GttTVORTSし
A. TajukProjek
PFO」 iじ Cど rttlc
AN△ LYSIS OF MULTI― SCALE MICROBIAL FLア EL
CELL FOR SI卜 IPLE ELECTRIFICATION
Ketua Penyelidik
MOIIAMAD ISKANDAR JOBЫ
PrοデビCr Lgα ′gr
FAkulti/1nstitut
,♂ 筋ガ?
F,c′ ′
クガ′
DVARTⅣ [ENT
OF ⅣIECHANICAL ENGINEERING,
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING,UNIヽ 嘔RSITI
ALAYSIA
Ⅲ生
SARAWAK,
94300 KOTA SAW眈 RAHAN,SARAWAK
Ahli Kumpulan Penyendik
尺?♂ じrrrcrt reα そ2J班 をηab?x『
i. IR.DR ⅢliOm.sIIAIIRIL OSⅣ IAN
DIANA KERTINI WIONIR
△BANGヽ IOHAⅣ IMAD lヽ lIZAⅣ IBIN ABANG
五.
五
i。
KA卜は
B. Tarikh Gerall Diluluskan
(デ Fα
刀′Иr,r″ r。 フαJDα 惚
Tempoh Projek
PFOJi♂ Cr D′ Fα ど力 η
Perulltukan Yg.Diluluskan
β′ど
Jξ ?ど И″
FOフ ?汀
Perbelalliaan Terに ni
E理?刀 ど力′′?Tο ―Dα 舵
C.
JAlヽ
l
UDDIN
lUARY 2012
ЧttAR
RM 6500.00
Rド 生6400,00
Pencapaian Keseluruhan
Oソ gFα 〃ИC力 滋フ?麗 ♂Иど
Huraikan pencapaian berbanding ottektit hipOtesis setta permasalahan asЛ
yang ttselidiki..
乃9∫ なαη′r9∫ ?α rじ カ
ル9ざ ,カノ
οηrο 肋9 οrJgИ α′Obυ icじ ′
カデ
9ソ 9“ 9η お加 rg肋 ″
D9∫ cガ b9肋 gα じ
フοチ
prθ b′ 9阿 ∫
.
A multi‐ configuration Biomass Fuel Cen has been developed throughout thc research.This has
been made
ssible
tests of different cathode and anodc
in a ttel
cell envirolllnent.
Selection Of
Lquid biomass
as
the substrate also p lays a maJOr role ln
F actors Of avail ablけ and location Of he
power output Of a biolnass
Of
biomass have been taken into account W hile conducting he tests which ensure he feasibmty
dete111lining the
血 el cell
魚el cell developed.h othcr words,the ttel cell can be constructed based
On
any available hquid
biomass for any areas even to a place with no grid coverage.
For power output ofhe hel cellぅ
a relationship for electrode surface area of cOnductivity with its
substrate has been inalizcd and an optirnum surface area ratio of anodc and cathode for
Of he
maximum power output has also been establishedo Last but not least,he sustainabiliサ
色el cell has been considered with respect to■ s electrode degradation and lttel resources.
D,
Pencapaian Utama
2gs
F♂ノFli聰 肪′
io Madmum power output for different electtode settings for sustainable ttel cell has been
established by manipulating the ratio of surface area bettcen anode and cathode ofthe
adel ccll.
五.
Liquid biomass used as substrate in the fuel ceu comes froni commOn clay soil which
can be found easily and the resource is unlinited.
2
′
T31T107
RINGKASAN LAPORAN AKHIR
GERAN PENYELIDIKAN OSAKA G▲
S
跡 り OF OSッ 4ra cИ ∫
Gん4ハ TREPORTSしゆa透 4Rr
Absorption of toxic heavy metals ions by using
A. Tajuk Projek
agricuitural wastes in Sarawak
PrttCCr ritic
Ketua Penyelidik
Mohd Farid Atan
PFO」 i♂ Cr二 ?,Ir♂ /
FakultЛ nstitut
Fα c′ ど
ガИ♂歳′舵
フ
互
Faculty ofEnginecring,1」 ふIIW[AS
1. Nazeri Abdul Rahnan
Ahli Kumpulan Penychdik
随
2.Dr Shaliti Faridah Salleh(Replacc Norfal■ 1la Chc
T?r7″2Л ″杉櫂う?κ
?ど VFて
Mat)
3.Dr Rubiyah tt Bttni
'力
B.
Tarikh Geran Diluluskan
」anllary 2012
● αηどИPPrο フα′Dα 佗
Tempoh Projek
Prげ ?cr
l Year
DttFα r'OИ
Perulltukan Yg.Diluluskall
RW[3500
】Иを?rИPPrο フ
?′
Perbelanjaan Ter]は ni
どχP?И 肪 ′F?TO―Dα ど
?
C.
RⅢ l:3269,30
Pencapaian Keseluruhan
Oフ ?Fα 〃Иc力 ′
?フ
?″ ηど
Hllrttkan pcncap五 an berbanding ottcktit hipOtesis sena peHnasalahan asal yang diselidiki
rわ 9チ カ
9 α
σ
カテ
9ッ 9ヌη
9η ′
η/ダ ″,Oη
D9∫ じ
∫テ
οb′ 9町 ∫
フ′
α
rcカ
9弓 乃
チ
ο肋9ο 河 η ο″9'テ フ
ノ
フο肋9∫ ねαηプr9∫ θ
=テ
'′
.
This research focuses on the sttdy of an altemativc rnehod to remove heavy metals ions in thc
cfユ uent from industties and a宜 五culturc act市 itics such as Pb(II),Hg,Cd(II),Zn(H),Cu(H)and
etc. Scveral techniqucs to tllreat、 vaste have becn applied such as rcduction and precipitation,
coaglllation,ユ otation,adsotttion,ion― exchange and rcseⅣ e osmosis or clectrodialysis and ctc
(Gundogdu et al,2009).These mehods are incolwcnicllt because ttey call only absorb speciic
metal and expcns抒 e due to he high operational and m五 1ltenancc cost(NaiyA et al,2009).
An altemative mehod ttat is cheap,easy to use and doesn't have any reversible effccts on thc
ecosystcm is required,Agricultural wastes,such as rice bran,rice husk,wlleat br孤 1,Wheat husk,
sa、 v
husk,
dust of various plants,bark of the trees,groundnut shells,coconut shcns,black gral■
hazeinut shells,、 valnut shens,cotton seed hulls,waste tea leaves,Cassia istula lcaves,■ lalze
com cob,jatropa deoiled cakes,sugarcane bagasse,applc,banalia)orange peels,soybean hulls,
grape stalks,water hyacin血 )sugar beet pulp,sunユ owcr stalks,coffee beans,Tjun nuts,coion
stalks and many more have been ttied and、 vcre found to have a signiicant xnetal sorption
capacity,Findings on hc capability ofagricultural wastes as sorbents suggcst he potential ofhe
rescarch in exPloring new types of agricultural、
vastcs availablc in Sara、 vak as sorbents。
In Sara、 vak,agricultural、 vastes like banana barks,sugarcane bagasse,banana pecls are among
hc potential lnaterial to be developcd as sorbcllts for hcavy lnetal ions.These agriculture、
vastes
contttn ccllulose and lig五 n,which show he potential of metal binding capacity.Furthe■
11lorC,
the basic components of he agriculture waste biomass includc herlicelluloscs, lignin,
、
vater hydrocttbons, starch containing variety of
cxtracives, hpids, proteins, siln,lc sugarsぅ
角mctional groups hat facilitatcs metal con■plexation or precipitation alld which will assists hc
heavy nietals sequesttation process.
鯖 隅
:と 総
響 守∬
解
樹
既Ⅲr蠍
綴
靴
努 :猛 ξ僻
監 ぎ魂 剛
gi露 鷲
absorb Cd,Pb,Zn,Cu,Co,Ni and Au.Scveral treatmcnts、 vere ilmplcmentcd to remove ligr五 ns
or en竹 五n scparation of structural linkage to decrease the dcgree of polymerization,reduce or
rcmove hemicelluloscs or rcduce cellulose cristallinity by modifying its pH.Findings from his
work shows hat he sorption capacity of sorbcnt can bc increased using a high concelltration of
chemical hodiier such aこ sodiuln hydroxide,cittic acid.
Thc ottect市 e Of his research is to develop a ncw mehod for remo宙
ng heavy metals ions
presencc in the wastewatcr issucd from industry and ag五 culture activity.Thc investigation uscs
agriculture wastes,whch are avalaiblc in Sara、 vak,to study hc feasibility of combining scveral
type of sorbcnts to optimizc he absotttion of heavy mctals ions such as Pb(II),Hg,Cd(II),
Zn(II),Cu(II)〔 nd etc,Study ofprocesscs to collvert hc potelltial sorbents into aじ sable follll for
C0111lnerCialization、 vill also becomc all area to be invcstigatcd in■ lis ttlork. The work can be
d市idcd into several stages wih otteCt抒 CS as follows9
1. To investigate the capabiliサ of agriculiral wastcs available in Sara、 vak to absorb heavy
mctals ions such as Pb(II),Cd(II),Zn(II),Cu(II)alld etc.
2. To asscss hc effect of modincrs on the capaicty of sorption of thc heavy metals ions
using the proposcd agricultural wastest
3.To invcstigatc he processing stages/instrulncntations/process conditions to convert he
wastes into a usablc forln.
41 To
l A M Yenenehi S Maitra,U
isohcllュ /kinetics of abs
Of
metals ions
ⅣIN E,Demerdashi Study on Bioso「 ptiOn of Heavy Metals by Modified Lignoce‖ ulosic VVaste,2010,Universiti Tekno
Petronas
９る
using the selected agricultural、 vastes,
From hc problem statement and ottectiVe mentioncd above,his study has showll血 e potential
近cal moditter
of using sugarcane bagasse and banana peels as biosorbents.FurtheHnore,che■
like tartaric acid and sodillm dodecyl sulfate(SDS)have been identhcd he most potential
ofbisorbents.
che■ 五cal rnodifler to be used in order to increase thc
Do
Pencapaian Utama
Иg∫
F●ノFi附 ′′
This study shows he potential of using agicultural waste as bisorbent for hc removal ofheavy
vastewater issued from he agriculture activities, In his study,
metttt ions presence in the 、
sugarcane bagasse and banana peels havc been chosen becausc bo血 6f his agricultural、 vaste
posses lignocellulosic which have a prope日 らr of iOn exchange capacity囁 芹hch are derivcd from
is polymer and structure. Furthellllore, Sugarcane bagasse is idcnifled as the most efflcient
biosorbent bccause it possesses more capacウ of SOrption han banana peels.■ has provcn by
measllring he percentage of transllittance of he peak of O― H. Meanwhile, by adding he
vith thc concenttation of
cheHlical lnOdiflcr which are tartaric acid ttd sodiuln dodecyl sulphate、
0 12 mg/mL, thds study has proven hat it can lncrease signiflcantly he capac増 Of sorpion for
ture activities
the
ln the wastewater lssued と
metal lons
the removal Of
om
3
MSO/Vl.2010
RINGKASAN LAPORAN AKHIR
GERAN PENYELIDIKAN OSAKA GAS
揺
,
ヽア
m
E脳 90F OMど 色4 GИ J
「
Gλ 4九 TREPORTSし ゆaを 4尺 /
う
卜
A. TajukProjek
Cr阿ど
P′げ♂
J♂
Development ofDirect Po、 ver Control Space Vector
W[odulation(DPC‐ SVM)for Doubly Fed lnduction
Generator(DFIG).
Ketua Penyelidik
r
Cr L?α ♂
♂
Prげ θ
Hazul Binい 正ohanied Bas五
FakultЛ llstitut
Faculty ofEnginccing
?
Γαc′ ′
ガИ♂rlir″ ど
フ
互
Ahli Kumpulan Penyelidik
b?r♂
買【
々
F♂ 17FCr,T♂ IrrT,Meη τ
Kasumawai Blllti Lias
Dr,Wall Azlall Wan Zttnal Abidin
Assoc.PrOf Dr.Al― Kllalid Ohman
Dr Thclaha H唯 Mas五
Asrani Lit
B. Tarikh Gera】 l Diluluskan
」anuary 2012
CFα ИどえPPFOフ αJ Dα ″
TemPoh Projek
l Ycar
PFO」 i?Cr D″ rα ′οИ
PeruntukAn Ygo Diluluskan
RⅣ [4ぅ 000.00
r
】″′g?ど ИPPFOフ ♂ど
Perbelattnan TerHni
Dα ″
どxP?刀 ′ ″?Tο ―
RM 3960,00
liど
C.
PencapaiAn Keseluruhan
η2?刀 ど
?フ ♂
Oフ ?Fα 〃ИC力 ′
Hllrttkan pencap五 an berbanding ottekttt hipOtCSiS senapcrinasalahall asal yang disclidiki..
ο滋90/を
力,9フ 9削 9η 府 肋 /ダ αガο刀チ
D9∫ cr,bg肋 9 ασ
prο b′ 9/η d.
α′ο″9cガ ν9弓 わクο肋9∫ な ,η ブr9∫ 9α rcカ
'η
In this research project,the project member have manage to crente a new switching
algorithm for a back to bAck power converter using tto control m ethod in pArallel which
trol technique.The
are Space Vector Modulation(SⅧ りteChnique and Direct Power Coニ ュ
combination ofthese two techniques produced good
dynamic performance especially in
controllilig active alld reactive Power Of the I)FIG.
D. PencaPaian Utama
【?ノ
Fli確 ′littgs
1。 New hybrid switching topology technique for Back to Back power converter.
2. Modeling of Doubly Fed lnduction Generator.
2
Ｘ
キ
ゝ
イ
13,1.c17
⑥
MSO/V.1.2010
RINGKASAN LAPORAN AKHIR
GERAN PENW¶ LIDIKAN OSAKA GAS
91C4S
fⅣD OF Oざ И′
Gえ 4NTttEPORTSし い口透4Rr
A. Taiuk PrOJek
PFOJi?じ どnとを
e
Improvements of Static alld]Dyllamic Characteristics for
I【
igh Performance WIobile IIard]Disk Drives
Dr ⅣIohd Danial lbrahim
Ketun Penyelidik
Prο」
?′
i?cど 二?α ′
五cal and WIanufacturing Engineering Dcpartment
FakultЛ nstitut
"Iech孤
FaCulty ofEngineering
Frrc′ J笠 ノ
ガИぎ妨〃舵
Ahli KumpulAn Penyelidik
,力 rerrμ Л
尺苺 ?α ′【
Fを
う♂r♂
ina Junaidiラ Ir Dr Mohalnad Shahi1 0slnan,Prof
"IrsAmir
EⅣ Azain Khan
Dr
“
B. Tarikh Geran Diluluskan
」anuary 2012
♂
CF,力 ιИPPrο フαJ Dα ′
Tempoh Projek
l Year
P′ ο
igcど D′ F,ガ OИ
」
Peruntukall Yg.Diluユ uskan
9500
】〃IJgす ИPP/ο フ?″
Perbelattaan TerHni
9500
βχP?И IJlir′ ′?Tο ―
D,ど ?
C.
Pencapaian Keseluruhan
Oフ ?Fα 〃ИC力 彪フ
?И ?И r
Hurttkan pencap五 all bcrbanding ottektit hわ OteSiS ScHa pcrinasalahan asal yang diselidiki.
D9∫ θrわ っ筋 9,θ 力,9ッ 9別 9刀 府
prο ♭′
9胸 ∫
.
μダ ,ガ ο刀 ′
ο 肋 90rど g▼ 刀α′οbυ i9σ ナ
ル 9弓 わ ク ο励 9∫ お ,η′ /9∫ 9,rcカ
'力
The perfoHnance ofthe HDD was succcss点 ユ
1ly improved tlュ rough thc improvement design ofthe
珈 actuator design.The following indings were found;
Four actuator arln models of(a)COnventiOnal wihout window design;(b)Small前 ndowed;
(c)Largeコ indowed,and(d)S― Shaped windowed was designed and nllmerically investigated.
Results showed that;
1.
A windowed arln actuator can improve heat dissゃ atiOn to up to 8%compared to he ones
前hout whdows.
2. An S― shaped胡ndowed arm“ tuator
has he capabiliサ tO improve heat dissゃ atiOn up to
double,and 50%less五 r aow disturbance、 すhch can suppress unnecessary vibraionsぅ comp[red
to he ones win type(c)Large胡 ndowed.
3. Decreasing he heat dissゎ aiOn OfHDDs to halt decreases trelnendously he cooling
management load which simultaneously contributes towards solving the proble■ l ofheated up
gigantic search engincs seⅣ ers no、 vadays,
4. Ths nllmerical analysis proved hat he modincation ofhe aero―
dynamical
characteristics has a big inauence to、 vards improving IIDDs'total perfolェ 1lance.
Do PelicAPaian Utama
/?ノ
Fli7,′liη
=♂
Aerodyna巨 工CS improvements of actuator劉 ぼn were a novel approach to improve overalll■ 正)D
perfoHnance.The design should be patellted in near ttture。
2
11311107
MSO/Vl.2010
RINGKASAN LAPORAN AKHIR
GERAN PENYELDIKAN OSAKA GAS
そξ ギ
び
ゴ
ち
?′
ヤ
H
END OF OMム 望 〔泌S
GRたんTREPORTSし
ら
卜
attRr
“
Ao TajukProjek
Derived Adsorbent
for Removal ofPesticides from Water and Wastewater
Feasibility Study of Oil Palm Waste‐
Prο」
i?cr TlirJ?
Ketua Pemyelidik
Drlvy Tan Ai Wei
P/0ノ ?Cr二 ?α 】g/
FakultЛ Hlstitut
Fαじ′ど
′
ノガИJど lir′ r?
Faculty ofEngineering
Ahli Kumpulan Pellyelidik
Dr Leonard Lim Lik Pueh
買?J【ァ
ど
7/て ,「,T♂ α
″2』駆鞄ィ b♂ /J
“
B. Tarikh Geran Diluluskan
(デrα ttrノ
January 2012
pFOフ α
JDα 佗
均喝
Tempoh Projek
l Year
メ)FO」 iι Cr D′ ′αを
'OИ
Peruntukan Yg.Diluluskan
B′ 』
?′
FrИ PP/ο フ
惣
6,000,00
Perbelanjaan TerHni
5,407.00
∬χP?刀 ど ′κ Tο ‐
Dα ど
じ
i′
Co
Pellcapaian Keseluruhall
Oフ ?Fα 〃ИCカ カフ♂ β′
″
r
“ berbanding ottel(tit hipOttsis serta permasalahan asal yang diselidiki.
Huraikan pencapaian
D9∫ cttb9肋 99じ力9フ 9翔 9η ね 励 rダ αガο掏す
ο肋9ο ′をデ
刀α′οbυ igじ テ
ルg島 ゎ夕ο肋9∫ な ,η ブr9∫ 99/〔 テ
カ
prο bル 阿∫
.
The proposed research aim to investigate the feasibility of developing iow_cOst adsorbent from
oil
and to evaluate the
ofthe adsorbentin removal of
from
been achieved. Low‐ coSt adsorbent was succes sttlly derlved from oil
for
palin shell uslng physical and chemical treatlments The adsor bent deri ved was characterized
Of
he physical and chem ical properties. The adsorption perfoHnance Of he adsorbent ln removal
The
studies
pesticides from aq ueous solutions 、vas deteコ 区五ned through b atch adsorption
evaluatcd
adsotttion lsoherms and kinetics Of pesticides On he adsorbent were successA11ly
could
smdies
adsorption
Column
achieved.
been
have
eCtiVes
Overall, 9 0% Of he original O 笥
within
flxed
be
to
unable
were
which
not be caried out due to eq uipment failure and breakdown
血
mre
ln
investigated
he research d uration and budget a pproved. This scope will b e 色比her
aqueous
SOl utions has
work.
D.
Pencapaian UtamA
【?ノ
Fi72″ i72=♂
Low― coSt adSorbent was successfully dcrived frol■
oil palm shell using H2S04竹 eatHlent.The
adsorbent der市 ed was characterized for the surface morphology and surface chemistry via
scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and Fourier ttansfomlnfrared(FTIRl spccttOSCopy,
respectively.Batch adsorption experilncntsヽ verc conducted to detellk遺 ne the effects of initial
pesticide concentration,contact tilne,adsorbent dosage and sollltion pII on the adsorption uptake
ofthe adsorbent for pesticide.Thc equilibrium data were well described by the Freundhch
isohem model.Kinetic sttdies showed hatthe adsorption ofpesticide on the adsorbcnt
fonowed the pseudo― second‐ order kinetic lnodel.Based on the experiFnental results,it was
v―
evident that the oil palni shcll― based adsorbent derived in this work might be employed as a lo、
cost adsorbent fbr removal ofpesticide fronl aqueous solutions,
2
j1311[07
MSO/V.1.2010
RINGKASAN LAPORAN AKHIR
GERAN PENYELIDIKAN OSAKA GAS
即
(テ
A. TttukPrOJek
OF O∫ИX:Z6じ 4S
RИ ⅣTttPORTSし 吻
Agricultural biomass waste pellctisation for po、 ver
Prοノ
9Cど T'lιc
generaion
Ketua Penyelidik
Nazcri Abdul RttШ nan
PFO」 i?Cr L?α rr?F
FakultЛ llstitut
s歳 ′佗
FIrc〃 韓 れ
Ahli Kumpulan Penyelidik
,力
買?♂ ?α ′て
T♂ 17陶
Л″杉И
ηb♂ F♂
B. TarikL Geran Diluluskan
α
J D,ど ?
Crα И
tttrο フ
Tempoh Proiek
Faculty ofEnginccring
Dr Rubiyah珂 Bi五
卜liohd Farid Atan
Norfamila Che Mat
January 2012
l Year
:οη
P/ο」
i9crD″ ′αι
Peruntukan Yg.Diluluskan
RⅣ [6,000
ゼι
r
】′ι
rg?ど ИPPrο フ
Perbelattaan TerHni
RW[6,000
ZχP?И ガ 冴r?Tο iD,″
'ど
C, Pencapaitin Keseluruhan
Oフ ?/α 〃Иcカ カフ?"?η ど
Hur五 kall pencapttali berbanding ottemt hipOtesis senaperinasЛ ahan asal yang disclidiki.。
ル9島 カ
ο筋9 οrygJ々 ,′ οbυ i9じ ナ
9ッ 9別 9刀 た
/9肋 ガ0刀 ′
D9scr,b9肋 9,cカ テ
ノフ0励 9Jね α刀ブ′9∫ 99rじ 乃
'η
pr9b′ ?胸 ∫
.
沢/
∫
′
ο
ν
乃 ″ 肋9ο り9cr,フ 9∫ ο
,フ 9α じ
ク
助?∫ チ
/ο ′
/肋 θr9ざ 9α rc力 α
ゥ乃
,
'9フ
デ
.
ガ.
α′力 /融 /9り αた
9 pο ′
9所 テ
刀?肋 997た ガ r夕 r,′ ♭ οttα 郎 りα∫チ
′
ο力 と
9/別 テ
9′ う,ο 阿 9郎 wα ∫佗 α∫カ メ /Or Pο り9r解 刀gr″
0/∫ 9′ 9じ ′
′
0所 ′θttPrp9J′ 9チ ,∫ 9チ
'0輝
陶
'ο
In addition,this study have proven the hypothcsis hat agricultural biomass in Sarawak could
partially suppoi thc cnormous power need for SCOR正 〕development.
D.
Pencapaiall Utama
r?ノ Π ИrJlirtg♂
Despite being ignorcd in S(〕 ORE devclopmcnt pla11, he study has proven qualitatively and
quantitatively that biomass wastc gencrated from agricultural industry espccially palm oil,
vak.Thc calculated
paddy,coconut and sago have cnomous potential to be developed in Sara、
potential is more han 3 times he current installed capacity of 1315 MW in Sarawak.Mukah9
ⅢIiri and Billtulu arc the tllree divisions in Sarawak which have the highcst potcntial for
cstablishing biomass po、 ver gcneration plttlt.C)ther divisions such as Betong,Sibu,Sa巨
rall孤 1,
lτ
Kuching and Sri An■ an also sho、 v somC pOtcntial in developing biomass powcr plant but in
much smaller scale. Kapit division havc some compttable potential but duc to remoteness of
localiけ ,celltralise biomass power gcneration would bc a challcnge.As such,it have bcen
suggested ttat uis division, along with Lilnbang and Sarikei, to dcvelop pelletisation or
briquctting industry in which、 vould supplcment oher divisions with higher potential of biomass
powcr gencration. Thereforc, it can be concludcd that Sara、 vak has the potentiそ 工 to
il■ plemeIItation
biolnass po、 ver gcneration as the availability of biomass resources fl・
om
owcver, further studies are sill requircd in order to
eness
ofimplemellting
such伊 呵cCt in his vast state.
determine he effect市
agricultural industry is enollllouS. 1■
The addition of sago starch into the pulverised ra、
v lnatcrial prior to pellctisation is obselwcd to
the physical characteristics of pulvcrised EFB al■ d Pulveriscd EFB+incsocarp abre
pencts.This、 vill undoubtedly redllce the breal(age and generation of incs during the handhng
and tral■ sporting of pellets from production plttlt to po、 ver plant.This is also coni..1led by lhe
inュ provc
amount of ines expcrilnental testing in this study,Converscly,duc to highcr rnoisture content of
sago starch uscd in his study,thc produced pellets with addition of sago st″ ch are found to have
highcr moisture content in which all tte produccd pellets havc moistllre content higher than 10%
(W‐ %Of dry basis)aS Specined by European Standttd for pcllct[6].As such,itis recommcnded
hat the ra、 v lnaterial fbr pellctisation,as in this case]巳
FB and mcsocarp ibre,to bc sufflciently
dricd prior to pelletisation as to col■ pensate the high rnoisture content in wct sago stτ rch in order
provc the
vith illtemational stalldard, Such measllre will also in■
to produce pcllcts comply 、
caloriic value ofthe produced pcnets as thc study found that highcr addition percentage of sago
d that
starch rcduces thc caloriic value of the produced pellets, Thercfore,it can be concludё
addition of sago starch into the ra、 v pelletisation material will improve the physical structurc of
thc produccd pellct.Howevcr,the optilnunl pcrcentagc of sago addition needs to bc dcterlnined
prior to pellctisation process as cxcessive addition of sago starch incrcases pcllet moisturc
contcnt,IIigh moisttlre content reduces the combustion characteristics of the pellets especially
on the reduction of caloriic valuc alld the increase of ash contcnt.
命れ
MSO/V.1.2010
RINGKASAN LAPORAN AKIIIR
GERAN PENYELIDIKAN OSAKA GAS
「D OF OSИ 泡
βハ
G惣 ハTRTPORTSし 吻
64S
沢/
DESIGN OF A HOUSEHOLD DEVICE UTILIZING BIO
FUEL(PELLETIZED PEAT)
A. Tajuk Projek
P′ ο
じ
r rttとc
ゴι
Ketua Penyelidik
Dr.Siti Noor Linda Bt.Taib
?′
P′ ο
igc′ L?α ′
」
Fakulti/1nstitut
″
ざ胸′抱
″
F,c″ ′
ノガ′
Ahli Kumpulan Penyelidik
買?ぎ ?α rc力
T【 7r7〃
夕′
ИZ″ ,う ?x『
B. Tarikh Geran Diluluskan
G隠 r均叩FOツ α′D″ ?
Civil Engineeing Department,Faculty ofEngineering
AS。
LnWIⅣ 【
EⅣ ina Bt,Junaidi
WIahshuri Bt,Yusof
」
anuary 2012-]December 2012
“
Tempoh Projek
l year
力И
力ο
i9cど D′ rα ′
」
C.
Peruntukan Yg.Diluluskan
】Иど
Jgg′ 豹叩′
οχ′
RⅣ【7000
Perbelanjaan Terkini
∬XP?η 加 ′κ Tο ―
Dα ′
?
RⅣ [ 7000
PencaPaian】 (eseluruhan
′α〃Иcカ ルフ?μ ?η ど
Oフ ゼ
Huraikan pencapttan berbanding ottektit hipotesis seHapemasalahan asal yang diselidiki..
別9ヵ ナ
∫デ
刀r9′ αttb刀 ′
οttg οrテ g筋 ブ οbυ i9θ ナ 9島 乃
D9∫ crデ b9肋 g αcttgッθ
ノフο肋9誌 αηブrg∫ 9α rじ 力Prο b′ 9"∫
liソ
Sara、 vak
has he largest peat reserve in he country and its abundance could bring us positive impact
if evaluated differently,Wtth the increasing demand on energy and inevitable depletion of fossil ttel
in the fjture,Inany researchers are looking at possibility of hamessing altemative energy.Hence,the
idea of investigating peat's Potential as an energy source comes into view,Its utilization as energy
source has been appreciated in countries like lreland and Rusia. It is about tilne to investigate
SarawakPeatasoneofthepossibleaituresourceofenergyandwaystoutilizeitconllnercially。
The ottect市 eS Ofthis prttect are:
(1) tO dCSign and fabricate a household de宙
cc utilizing peat pellets,and
(2)to asSess he suitability and practicality ofhe fabricated houschold device to he end users for
further attuStments and improvements.
Hcnce,his pro」 ect fOCuses on deslgning a device hat utilizes peat pellets as its source of energy.
Research on potential ofpeat as an altemative fuel has been perfoHned by the research group.Several
designs were reviewed and a rlnalized design、 vas fab五 cated and tested by the research team.
Thc dcvice is a Pottable Stove/Cooking Device which utilizes peat pellets.Figurcs l and 2 show the
concepmal design and the prototype ofthe dcvicc.
Figure l Conceptual Design
Figure 2 The Prototype in Use
OtteCt市 es l and 2 have been achieved successfully in which he inalized design of he de宙
ce has
becn fabricated and tested in which several suggestions were made for future improvements of the
device.
D. Pencapaian Utama
駒
Π れぬng♂
The research was pursued witt scveralimportant steps in order to achieve he requred otteCt市
es,
The mttor stepS involvcd are:
2
勁 豫C?r,ど Иα′Daを
ざ′
?F″ /f Scとecど 力〃ο
デ】賀ど《
“
Based on four conceptual designs,only the best design would be selected in order to be developed as
he cnd product.Through A邁 omttic Design Process,Concept 4 is found applicable to be selected
since all of its Functional Requirements were fulfllled.
Concept 4 has several important features which allow tt to ttlill the functional requirements.Figures
3(a)― (d)ShOW he design Parameters of Concept 4 Portable peat stove.Table l shows he description
ofhe satisied functional requirements which are labelcd in Figure 3(a)―
(d)・
(a)
(b)
(C)
(d)
Figure 3(a)―
(d)VieWOfDifferentSectionsofConcept4Design
3
Table l:Description ofthe Satisied Functional Requirements in Concept 4
DP12
Function
Attustable height bumer base(handle section)
Attusting he height ofthe peat combustion section in order to obtain various
amout ofheat supply to the cooking section
DP14
Function
DP15
Function
Attustable air inlet selector
Allowing amount of air insen to the device
Convertible Hood(ciosed)
Attusting the height ofthe peat combustion section in order to obtain various
amout ofheat supply to the cooking section
DP22
Function
DP31
Function
DP33
Function
DP34
Function
DP42
Function
Handle
Easy forthe device to be ca∬ y
Door
Allowing the user to reflll peat and check on the combustion ofpeat
Ash box
conecting ash ofpeat combustion
Extemal casing
Improve he device durability
Smoke ventilation
Combustion of peat produce large amount of smoke,therefore a ventilation
systern to channel the smoke out froln the device is required
DPl
Heating system
Function
Section which heat are generate for cooking purposes
DPll
Function
DP13
Function
Insulator
Insulator、 vould rninirnize the heat ioss inside the system
WIechanical fan(fan blade)
Induce he air to he bumhg section in order to avoid the peat combustion
extinguish
DP42
Function
DP35
Function
Smoke ventilation
Rernove smoke froln inslde ofthe devlce
Removable grill plate
二
二
二disttibution ofheat and avoid the cooking pot to fall in to lhe
Provide uniIも 二
heating section
∫′
?2∫ /17佗 r力 ′∫?J〔,cr力 И
Choosing the right rnaterial to be used in order to consttuct the product is also an important factor in
designing process,For the development of portable peat stove several important characteristics such
as heat conducti宙 サ,light Weight,durable and coHosion resistance would dcterknine best outcome for
the proposed design of the portable stoveo Several rnaterials、vere considered with the characteristics
4
mcntioned above
膨?J∫ FIrbrた ″わ刀り切修PFOど 0′ノ
P9
The prototype was fabricated using a cookware pot which been modifled in to the required shapeo ln
order to ttansfoHn a cookware pot into he portable stove prototype,several processes were required
such as drilling wih using different sizes of drill bit and joining process,which include welding,
rivcting and adhesive bondingo Figure 4 sho、 vs the portable stove prototype.
Fibre glass
lnsulator
Attustable height
base bumer
Smoke
ventilation
Air lnduction Fan
Removable top
grill
Figure 4:The Prototype
ガ″α 刀
∫♂
?Pイ ∫五班 力ηて βフ
'ノ
"を
"り
Tests on the efflciency ofboth open ire FnChOd and Portable Peat Stove were perfolllled and Table 2
shows rnean efflciency for each rnethod.
5
Table 2:Avcrage efficiency for open flre rnchod and Ponable Peat Stove
Pellets
3
5
7
Average
efflclency
Open Fire
Method
2.840/0
3.97%
3.21%
3.340/0
12.79%
13.36%
13.22%
13,12%
Portable Peat
Stove
11■ provements
of 13%were achieved for he Portable Peat Stove design wih increment of efflciency
approxirnately 10%froln the open flre lnehod.The desigl ofPortable Peat Stove could be improved
with better design of combustion chamber of portable peat stove. For example, including he
convertible hood in the prototype dcsign ofthe Portable Peat Stove or using beier insulation system
for he pottable stove
Utilzing peat pellet at different operating conditions,produce different outcome for peat buming
characteristic,From Tables 3 and 4,it could be obseⅣ ed hat using ive peat pellets are enough to
boi1 300rnL water using he Portablc Peat Stove.This occurs due to enclosure compa■
ment of the
Portable Peat Stove,、 vhich manages to preventlarge heatiost as the open ire rnehod.
6
MSO/Vl.2010
︵
∪
RINGKASAN LAPORAN AKⅡ IR
GERAN PENYELⅡ )IKAN OSAKA GAS
E内し
9
0F OM12 64ざ
CVATREPOttTざ 卵
THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF O!L PALM
FIBRE AND CLAM SHELL POWDER REINFORCEDIN
THERMOPLASTIC MATRIX COMPOSITE
A. Tttuk PrOdek
P/″ Cr Tli′ ′
♂
Ketun Penyelidik
P′
4げ
SITI NOR AIN WIUSA
ゼ
cど L♂ α
】♂
F
Fakulti/1nstitut
ENGINEERING
Frrc′ 晦 江nsガ 肋″
Ahli Kumpulan Penyelidik
,sゼ α
翼と
rc力 7を 17″2脆 ″2bじ XS
B. Tarikh GerAn Diluluskan
Mahshuri Yusof
EⅣ ha Jlinaidi
Dr Siti Noor Linda tt Taib
January 2012
Crr7η ど
どJDα ″
『
豹叩rο フ
Teェ mpoh
PFO」 i♂ Cど
Prodek
l Year
D′ /α ι
′
ο刀
Peruntukan Ygo Dduluskan
Rヽ1:5000.00
】刀ど
Jξ♂
′ИPPFο w′
Perbelattaan TerHni
RM 5000.00
βχPη 滋 ″ ♂Tο _D,2
C.
Pellcapaian Keseluruhan
Oフ ♂′
,〃 И』嚇タフ
♂〃夕
ど〃′
Hurttkan pencap洒 an bcrbanding ottCktit hipotesis sertapcmasalahan asal yang disclidiki
αじ
ッσ
肪σ
陶9刀 恋肋 r?肋 ガοη′
οrttσ οr″igttα ′οbプ i9じ r,ソ 鶴 乃
ノ
フ0′ 乃郵ね,刀 ブr奮 9,rじ カ
rテ bg rル
D【 テ
♂
じ
ざ
P/ο bttη 夕
.
T′ ,た srttcy/FOθ ttsSeJ Oη ど
んθttyesと ,gati「 ,9ょ狗e rttermar ρ ορθπiθ S OF 3雨erθ 月どど
/peS οFИ /asど θ ttarθ ttθ ,sデ 0〃
「
胴 Fibrett θratt stte〃 ρOyrcyer anJ bapana Fibres.D′ 股 口とど
ρθ′
ec角 河々伊es Vere aρ ρ′
,eJど ο ttθ asttrθ 」,脆 rettr
"θ
rん ertta′
ορeだ テ
es,
ρ
「
T'7e rttθ η
′
(ゴ
汀θ力eatr,7erttar cο βJttc,=呻 anJ rttθ ′
阿ar
/vere speθ ′
「 9a′ propettes ttyesrigareJ tt rtte sど と
Ji『伊S'手肖 ,TeSri「,9sッ θre COntrttθ ど
eJ ttsわ gaが ,abatt θa,oritterer reθ 拘月,9Ve attJど ransね 月rん 。どN｀fe ttθ とんoJ
θど 00tt rettρ erarttre For spec,汀 cん eaと anJどんerttar cο ЛJttcttyり ρrορettes respecttye1/.Л レ
Teattv拘 胞 ザ′
or rtte
「
yeど θ
yi『と
〔
′
iC)′ ,oFとん
阿わθど
erttθ ′〔
′
sデ rity,阿 aど ん
θttθ ど
,car e9伊 θriO′ ,vyere aρ ρIFeJ,A〔 ザ
ditionar1/的 θ (メ θ′
ο′と
んe
'Sり
sattρ ′
θvyas cyerer阿 ヵθJわ /ysわ gρ /,(月 οttere五
I′
r
Do Pencapaian Utama
r♂ノrけ ヵ機
s
アカerttar prOρ θ′
せies oF o〃 ρar阿 触 ヵ rs vrere Fotrr,」
COttρ OS'絶
more suhabre ro be LrSeC'加 rttermOprasと ,c matrix
,
力er力 erttOρ 力ysicar prope′ lies.Ttte
′′
or rtte ttaど eri9r serecriO月 O河 士
sfvJyた ,seFと ′
yrar
vasres
syC力
att Fibres,attJ SeaFoo」
ど
vrar
wasres
rbanana
anJ o〃 ρ′
as
frott
agrlcv′
vsage oF rtte naど
力c Open space or
′
,(′ a掏 士vasre加 と
拘e abと ′
bureどo酌 e Jecreasc a阿 ov′ ,ど 0′ ど
7yθ sre rClatt s力 eり 阿a/cOn士 汀
′
θttdfiti tt A〃araysね
Ttte resL′ ′
ど
S Frott rん た
.
113,1,o7
MSO/V.12010
ヽ
RINGKASAN LAPORAN AKHIR
GERAN PENYELIDIKAN OSAKA GAS
(デ
どⅣD OF O晟 4発 46し4S
′
買ZNTREPORTS卵
買二
A. No.Projek
P′ ο
ゴ?じ rr嘔″
b?r
“
TttukPrOJek
Improving К ce"[ilhng Machinc for Domestic
Prο」
i?cサ 町 Ic
Application.
KetuA Pe】 lyelidik
酵rOi?CrL?,扱 γ
EⅣ ina Jun五 di
FakultЛ nstitut
FI「 c′ 的 痙■sどlir,ど ♂
Jabttan K筍 ― teraan Mekanikal dan Pcmbuttan,
Fakulti Kttumteraan)ヒ「NIMAS.
ALli Kumpulan Penyelidik
Ir.Dr.ヽ Iohdo Shahril B,Oslnan
買?♂ ?rrrc力 免 ど
7И ル化Иう?r♂
Ⅲfahshllri lFusof
Dr Sid Noor Linda Taib
Abg MOhd Nizam Abg Kamaraudin
Dr Mohd Daniallbrahim
B. Tarikh Gerall Diluluskaェ
CF,刀 ど
ИPPrο フα′D'ど?
l
Tempoh Projek
Januari 2012-December 2012
l tahun
P/ο」
i?す D′ /17ど liθ 〃
Peruntukan Yg.Diluluskaェl
】′鍵平ど
И口,rο フ
♂Ir
RⅢ [5000
Perbelanjnan TerHni
RⅣ 1 4651.90
βχP?И 力 ′′?Tο ―
Dα ″
C. Pencapaian Keseluruhan
Oフ ?Fα 〃ИC力 フ
♂ ?刀 ど
“ berbanding ottektit hpotesis seiaperlnasalahan asЛ
Hur五 kan pencapaian
yang disclidiki..
D9∫ cr,b9筋 9,じカテ
9フ 9陶 9刀 チ
∫肋 r9′,万 ο刀′
ο肋9ο /ば 7刀 ,′ Obyi9,ル 9弓 わクο肋9∫ ね ,乃 ブrθ ∫9,rじ 乃
li♂
9陶 ∫
Prο ♭′
.
The
sc of this stlld
was to evaluate the effectiveness of the exi
rlce
machine
used by hc paddy fanmers at Kota Salnarahan, Sarawak. In Kota Samarahan, Sarawak,paddy
fa111重 ng activities are mo stly done at a small scale lcvel, mainly for hc famersl owll
consumption.Currently,paddy fanners arc rcnting the rice milling machine nollllally owned by
onc of the famers in heir villagc to prOcess he paddy into rice. The cxisting rice■ 111ling
machines、vith flxed― setting used a combination lmethod/systcrl of a singlc step stcel hullcr to
mill the paddy and、vinnowing tO removc/separate the husk frona thc rice,1,1近 s inchod/systcm
results in problcms such as;(i)Shattercd milled rice m故 cd with husks,(li)addiiOnal
仕anspOrtation and operatiOnal cOsts,(iii)hmited mObihty,and(iV)pollution of slェ ∬olnding area
from paddy waste/husks. Thercfore,thcre is a need to dcvelop an easy to usc,affordable and
pottable rice milling machinc for local applications.The ottcct市 CS that were covered in his
stlldy includc the f01lowings:
1)TO Study thc mechamsm involvcd in he e対 sting ice milling machne i.e.11lpllt chambcr,
husking compartment,sieve systenl,winnowing systeni and etc.
2)To ideni身 血e altem航 市e cnergy used for opcrating he ricc milling machine.
3)To idCntitt he kcy improvcments in hc e逓 sting rice milling machine design for
domcstic application.
4)To reduce hc perccntagc ofbroken kemels.
The ovcrall achevements for this prO」 cct WCre surrma五 zed as follo、 vsi
l)ThC prOpOsed rice milling machine was fabricated by fOcusing on he followings
featuresi casy tO useぅ affordable and pottablc(igure l).
HoolDer■
Rubber「 oHer■
H。 13rer 2
RLib be F「 o‖ er
2
HOpper 3
R(11つ
Fc,I〔lable
ber「 ●‖er 3
駐ュIteriれ ヒEh● ni」守
屹
chair
う
EI'In
“
Figure l:PropOsed深 よce卜 Iilling
e」
セョ
v seFarato「
「
W【 achine
2)Thc steel h1ller used in prcviOus ice milling machinc was change tO rllbber huller to
rcduce he breakage ofhc paddy kcmels(igure 2).
一
2:Rubber huller
D. PencaPaian Utama
【?ノ Fi耽 ″littξ ぎ
Based on thc findings from his rcsearch,thc results wcre suIュ
′
,正 ウ
を
じ
サ
ο
チ
デ
ツ
9糊 テ
′
′
,刀 g"∫ ′
ο
r9ゥ α
】
∫
ク
/′ T9ナ テ
ウダ,テ 刀
Table l shows hat for he
rice
the
lmarized as followsi
.
was rccorded at 56.40/0
2
(fOr he three milling sets),柿 O milling scts produces 41.4%and one milling sets wi血 26.30/0.
The average percentage of unhusked Paddy also decreases、 汀ith the increased number ofrnilling
sets,The hghest percentagc is recorded at 58,9%(fOr One milling sets)follOWCd by 37.8%(for
柿 o milling sets)alld 19.8%(for hree milling sets).Ths ShOWS hat he repetit市 e milling
affects the product yicld because ofthe increasing frequency of shear forcc exerted on the paddy
grains thus removes the husk ofthe paddy.
Table l:Average percelltage for repetitive milling on ttored paddy grains
、■ ning(s
et)
AverageRice
(0/o)
Avera ge
Average
tnhusked Paddv
HuSk(0/0)
°
く/0)
1
3
263
589
6_7
■ 14
37_8
10_9
S6_4
198
14
Table 2 sho、 vs he comparison of pcrccntage of improvements betwcen he prcvious machines
vrith the proposcd rice milhng rnachne,The comparisons
τ
rc
Fnade in tc上
上
1lS Ofthc pcrcentage of
rice,unhusked paddy and he husked produced by the proposcd machinc,The data shows an
improvement of the rice produced whch is approxilnatcly l.50/O by using hc proposed ricc
milling machine compared to he previous rice■ ■lling machnc,The amounts of rice produced
are allnost silnilar but the alnount of husk and unhusked paddy produccd are slghuy differcnt.
This is due toけ pes Of paddy uscd whichコ 11l have d近 漱〕
rent properties in terln of moistllre
content and hardness.
Table 2:Comparison ofpercentage ofmprovements for differe前
Riceド τilling
]、
Unhusked
Husk
Paddy
Prod■iced
560
365
7.5
100
549
9.3
35.11
100
64
198
14
100
1.5
-10
-213
よice
′
rachine
Hazrul,2009
types ofrice milling machine
Total
(°/0)
EHurrudin.
20■ ■(O/0)
AuthOr(O/O)
Inproveェ ィ■ents
_ヽ
(0/0)
2,ガ//9じ チげ
P,冴 ゥ ο刀 /'C9陶 ガ′肋 g胸 ,じ 乃肋 9P9r/ο r陶 ,刀 σ9
'r'9ブ
Table 3 shows he weightioss ofthc paddy grains per 100 grams.The longcr dlェ ration of drying
pciod produccd more 、
vcight loss. This is due to he loss of moisture content in the paddy
grains.For paddy gr航 ns that had been dried for 30 41inutes,the weight ioss is l.2 grams.The
sig五 icant ioss is because tt earlier timc,he paddy gr五 ns cont航n high pcrcentage ofmoistllre.
As thc tilne increased fronl l hour to 2 hollrs,the weight ioss is reduced in a much sio、ver rate
due to the
oflnoist in the
０つ
Table 3:Weigllt ofpaddy aner drying
‐
Dttng PeriOd
IBitialヽVeight
(10ur)
0
0.5
100
98,8
1.2
1
100
98,3
1,7
2
100
98,2
1.8
Final lヽ
eight(9
ミ、ightLoss
(9
Figure 3 shows thc cuⅣ e ofthe paddy weightioss over drying period.It shows a higher gradient
dwing thc drying period fron1 0.5 hollrto l hour.Aier l hour,he gradient decrcases due to the
depletion of moist in the paddy grttns, W,「 hen he drying peiod is increased to 3 hours, the
gradicnt ofthe graph from 2 hours to 3 hollrs wl■
PaddVWeightlo3S OVerd岬
be salaller.
'血
gperiod
︵劇 ︶ り切０ 口一〓軸 中０とＦ
0.5
1
DryittgEoursω
Figure 31 Paddy weightloss over drying pedod
Table 4 shows the pecentage of lnilled rice produced increases from 61,20/Oto 64.10/O within 2 hours of
drying.For the frst 30 minutes of drying,he milled rice produced is 56,7 grams,he amount of husk
produced also increased 4.50/O and he percentage ofu=husked paddy decreases l.30/0,Further hcrement
in the drying period will produced the Hlilled rice up to 57.4 grams and he husk produced hcreased by
O,70/O while tte unhusked paddy reduced by l,9 percent.The 2 hours drying period produced milled rice
of58.2 grams,increased he percentage ofhusk by l.20/O and reduction ofunhusked paddy by 2.5 percent.
Table 41 Percentage ofmilled五 ce based on he drying period
4
Drying time
Husk Produced
Rice
Produced
(h)
(g)
Unhusked
Percentage
Paddy(g)
Ricc(0/0)
(g)
0.5
2
15.5
56.7
185
14.7
57.4
17.9
152
582
173
637
Figure 4 shows he percentage of rice produced over drying duraion,It shows that the percentage ofthe
yield五 ce hcreases as he period of paddy dryhg increases.The percentage of umusked paddy shows
some decrement and tte ainount of husk also increases relative to he hcrease of rice produced. The
increases of rice produced for dried paddy are due to he bond betteen he husks and he rice grains has
reduced due to he loss ofmoisttre on he paddy hat acts as a glue between he surface ofthe五
ce grains
and he husks.コ 臣re is an optimum period for drying htt can be suttected tO he paddy grttnsto produce
he highest kemel recovery.If he period of dryhg exceeds he opumuln period,he probabiliサ
fOr he
rice grains shatter or broken is very high.
ゎ ” “ “ め 珀 ｎ
︵
ユ８■落翫こ３争
Ｊ曲
・
魏 Ht[北 S
日 山 ihLtg
tttに
lPれ ddィ
正)r¨ よ■gP口 い
ion■ と
o..rれ
Figure 4i Compamson ofrice yield Produced with different drying period duration
Table 5 shows hat he highest amount of husked/milled rice was produced by he previous machine in
2009.The amount of husked produced was 68,70/0.The second highest is IIoln the proposed rice■
lilling
machine with 58.20/O followed by the previous lnachhe in 201l wid1 39,8%.There tre a few factors that
affect he inconsistency in he percentage of rice produced by he three machhes;milling pedod,types
of paddy used,paddy moisttlre content,type of huller used and he dme taken for a single process.The
proposed inachine is able to produce 584.3 8rams ofrice in 20 1ninutes compared to previous lnachine.
Table 5:Percentages ofi=nprovement for lnilled rice
rs)
(■ 10■ ■
(Lo― s)
H■ is(ed Ricc(‐
/。
)
(%)
Hus(Proこ
uccd(ツ 3)
rOtal(。/。 )
5
`1311!07
MSO/V.1.2010
RINGKASAN LAPORAN AKHIR
GERAN PENYELIDIKAN OSAKA GAS
くlrユ )
跡 り OF O晟4ど a
GRノ 4ハ「TttZPORTS[ガ 肋
A. TttukPr03ek
Pr″ Cr Tlir′ ?
Ketua Pellyelidik
?r
PFげ じ
CrL?,ど ′
FakultЛ llstitut
?
F″ f′J夕だ
「Tざ 滋′ど
TURNING AGRICULTURAL BY‐ PRODUCTSINTO
SOLID FUEL FOR ENERGY GENERATION
DR ONNISUHAIZA SELAⅣ IAN
ENGINEERING
1,Siti Nor Ain Musa
2. Dr Abu Salch Ahned
Ahli Kumpulan Penyelidik
買?♂ ?IrFCr,T'I『 ″2脆 η2う ?/♂
B. Tarikh Ger21l Diluluskan
pFOフ α
どDα ど
?
CFα Иr/均乳
cMs
ИRr
January 2012
Tempoh Projek
PFげ ?CrD′ F,ど カカ
l Year
Peruntukan Yg.Diluluskan
RM 6000.00
】,IJξ ?=蜘Prο フ?″
Perbelaninan Terkini
_Dα ″
駒 ?力 IJlirИ r?Tο
C.
曲 1碗 oo,oo
Pencapaitln Keseluruhan
♂粗?η ど
Oフ ?rα 〃Иcカ カフ
Hllrttkan pcncapttan berballding ottektit hipOtesis scHa pcrmasalahan asal yang diselidiki..
9フ 9開 9η た 肋
D9∫ じr,b9肋 9,cカ テ
0肋 9ο /7g7刀 α′οけ 9す ル g島
r9′ α′
テ
ο刀 ′
わ ″οttgs,dα 刀ブ r9∫9α rc乃
bJ?陶 ∫
P′ ο
.
The study invcstigated on hc fcasibility of turning agricultllre by‐ products into solid ttel for
cnetty ttneration, Thc waste uscd in he study、 vas pincapplc, sago,nipall and coconut husk.
The produced pe■ ets were tested for is moisture content,amount of flnes, ash content,caloriic
value and FTIR analysis,
vas detemlined hat in comparison to oher agro waste pellets,pineapple
Fronl lhe tesing,五 、
penet produces the hghest energy value amounted to 14.56 MJ/kg.Ths value is shghtly lower
han the caloriic value of wood penets outlined in European Standard of EN 14961‐ 2.
Meanwhile 五pah waste produces he lo、 vest energy; 13.42 MJ/kg due to he hgh moisture
content in the、 vastet
On overa11,pineapple waste possesses a ligh potenial to be recycled as altemative feedstock in
producing solid l近 el pellets.
Do Pencapaiを in Utama
F?ノ r功 町Jlittg♂
Out of folr agro waste useラ pineapple、 vaste has a great potential to be used as altemative
feedstock for sohd ttel producdon. Al血 ough he energy produced is higher than oher agro
waste, pineapple leaves he hghestユ y ash residue after burning. For ユy ash content, sago
produced the lo、 vest ash conttnt fonowed by lupah.However,he energy released frona sago is
lowi witt ody 13,78M」 of energy released per uttt of ttel.h conclusion,血 c study
concluded hat pineapple、 vaste is feasible to be converted to soid ttel but futther study have to
be ctty outto decrease the ash residue aier b面 ng.
relat市 ely
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