Document

2009年高考冲刺复习专题：
巧妙破解英语长难句
顺利应对高考阅读理解
桂林市第八中学肖满涛
执教班级：高2006（2）班
巧妙破解英语长难句
顺利应对阅读理解题
 高考阅读理解特征分析
 英语长难句分析与理解
高考英语阅读理解短文常见体裁(2008)
全国卷I
全国卷Ⅱ
记叙文
1
1
说明文
3
2
议论文
0
1
应用文
1
1
高考英语阅读理解常见题型
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主旨大意题
事实细节题
推理判断题
观点态度题
词义猜测题
近年“阅读理解”容量综合对比（全国卷I ）
年份
短文
词汇量
题目
词汇量
阅读理解
参考
总词汇量时间（m）
阅读
速度
（w/m）
2008
1403
822
2225
30-35
60-75
2007
1460
755
2215
30-35
60-75
2006
1344
688
2032
30-35
60-75
2005
1500
908
2408
30-35
60-75
如何做好高考阅读理解题
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迅速理解基本句型结构
分析理解长难句语句
对同义词语进行转换
获取特定信息
发掘深层含义
利用跨文化知识
运用基本生活常识
英语长难句分析与理解
 简单句的五种基本句型基础部分
 长难句分析与破解技巧
简单句的五种基本句型
Ⅰ. 主语+谓语（不及物动词）——（S+Vi.）
Ⅱ. 主语+连系动词+表语——S+ link V. +SC
Ⅲ. 主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语——S+Vt.+O
Ⅳ.主语+谓语（双宾语动词）+间接宾语+直接宾语—
—S+Vt.+I.O.+D.O
Ⅴ.主语+谓语（复合宾语动词）+宾语+宾补——
S+Vt.+O+OC
练习：分析下列简单句的类型结构
1. Time flies.
2. In spring the grass turns green.
3. They have carried out the plan
successfully.
4. The new machine will save you a
lot of labor.
5. We saw the police catching the
thief.
并列句
The two concerts cost 4 million
dollars, but 7 million dollars were
collected from ticket sales and a
further 7 million dollars came from
radio and TV companies.
常见并列连词：and, but, or, so, yet, for,
while
英语复合句
主语=S
谓语(动词)=P/ V.(Vi./ Vt.) 宾语=O(I.O./ D.O.)
宾语补足语= O.C.M
定语从句= Attributive
表语(主语补足语)=S.C.
状语=Adverbial
定语= Attributive Clause 状语从句= Adverbial Clause
1.People who go to a formal Western dinner
S
Attributive Clause
party for the first time may be surprised by
P(情态动词的被动形式)
table manners in Western culture.
试译下列俗语、谚语等





The man is dangerous.
A white dress becomes her.
She is the apple of her father’s eye.
My wife is an angel of a woman.
It is one of many language books
that are now flying off booksellers’
shelves.
 More haste, less speed.
 Nothing is difficult to the man who
will try.
 Where there is life, there is hope.
 What may be done at any time will
be done at no time.
 Never put off till tomorrow what you
can do today.
英语长难句分析与理解技巧
 影响英语长难句的主要障碍
 破解英语长难句的主要技巧
示范：
 Behaviorists suggest that the
child who is raised in an
environment where there are
many stimulation which develop
his or her capacity for appropriate
responses will experience greater
intellectual development.
主句
Behaviorists suggest that
行为主义者认为
the child
who is raised in an environment
定语从句修
饰the child
如果儿童的成长环境里
宾
语
从
句
定语从句修
饰
where there are many stimulation
environmen
有许多刺激因素
t
定语从句修饰
stimulation
which develop his or her
capacity for appropriate responses
这些因素又有利于其适当反应能力的发展
will experience greater intellectual development.
儿童的智力就会发展到较高的水平
影响英语长难句的主要障碍







定语从句
状语从句
名词性从句
非谓语形式
with开头的符合结构
特殊句式与结构
各种结构混杂在一起
破解英语长难句的主要技巧







英语长句真费神
理清主从两部分
句中找句要耐心
遇句查找主谓宾
特殊句式需记心
分隔现象细查清
能破难句促你成
例1 （NMET 2008全国卷Ⅰ—E篇）
Edward Wilson is America’s, if not
the world’s, leading naturalist. In The
Future of Life, he takes us on a tour
of the world’s natural resources(资源).
How are they used? What has been
lost? What remains and is it able to
continue with the present speed of
use? Wilson also points out the need
to understand fully the biodiversity(生
物多样性)of our earth.
NMET 2008全国卷Ⅰ—E篇
Wilson begins with an open letter to the
pioneer in environment (环境) protection,
Henry David Thoreau. He compares today’s
Walden Pond with that of Thoreau’s day.
Wilson will use such comparisons for the
rest of the book. The problem is clear: man
has done great damage to his home over
the years. Van the earth, with human help,
be made to return to biodiversity levels that
will be able to support us in the future?
Wilson
suggests
changing
this situation
by looking
A
A通过对一万种可以被当作食物的物种进行调查，
mere
mere
hundred
hundred
species(物种)
species(物种)
are
are the
the
basis
basis of
into
ten
thousand
species
that
could
be
made
use
of,
our
of
our
food
food
supply
supply,
and
of
only
which
twenty
but
of
twenty
them
carry
carry
Wilson
suggests
that
one
way
to
keep
Wilson建议改变这种情况，扩大农作物的耕种
NMET
2008全国卷Ⅰ—E篇
which
will
be
a way is
to to
reduce
the
clearing
of the
the
the
load.
load.
biodiversity
use
more
species
面积，这将是减少对动植物自然家园的破坏的
natural
homes
of plants
and animals
to is
enlarge
for
food.
Biodiversity,
Wilson
argues,
the key to
一种途径。
farming
areas.
settling
many problems the earth faces
today. Even our agricultural crops can gain
advantages from it. A mere hundred
species(物种) are the basis of our food
supply, of which but twenty carry the load.
Wilson suggests changing this situation by
looking into ten thousand species that could
be made use of, which will be a way to
reduce the clearing of the natural homes of
plants and animals to enlarge farming
areas.
NMET 2008全国卷Ⅰ—E篇
73. How many species are most important to
our present food supply?
A. Twenty.
B. Eighty.
C. One hundred
D. Ten thousand.
74. Wilson suggests that one way to keep
biodiversity is to _______.
A. learn how to farm scientifically
B. build homes for some dying species
C. make it clear what to eat
D. use more species for food
NMET 2008全国卷Ⅰ—E篇
 本文介绍了美国著名的自然学家Edward
Wilson在他的著作The Future of Life中
和我们谈论如何使用好地球上的自然资源，如
何保持地球物种的多样性（biodiversity）
以及让人们明白环保的重要性等有关生活与环
境问题的书评。
例2：选自(NMET2008全国
ll
D篇)
译文：目前，可卡因是最佳的止咳药物，可是他
 们的研究发现在可可粉中包含的可可碱，其疗效
Something in chocolate could be
又比可卡因几乎高三分之一。
used to stop coughs and lead to more
effective medicines, say UK researchers.

Their study found that
that theobromine，
found in cocoa
cocoa，was nearly a third more
effective in stopping coughs than
codeine，which
which was considered the best
cough medicine at present.
第一个句子中有一个宾语从句，宾语从句中
有一过去分词短语found in cocoa作定语，
还有一个非限制性定语从句；
例2：选自(NMET2008全国 ll D篇)
 The Imperial College London
researchers who
who published their
results online said the discovery could
lead to more effective cough
treatment，“while coughing is not
necessarily harmful(有害的) it can have
a major effect on the quality of life
and” this discovery could be a huge
step forward in treating this problem，”
said Professor Peter Barnes.
在因特网上公布了他们的研究成果的伦敦皇家大
学的研究员们说道：这种发现可能有助于找到更
有效的治咳方式。彼得·巴恩斯教授说道：“这种
发现可能在治咳史上向前迈了一大步”。
例3
 Much of the energy that comes from the
Sun never reaches the Earth’s surface.It
is either reflected or absorbed by the
gases in the upper atmosphere.Of the
energy that reaches the lower
atmosphere，30% is reflected by clouds
or the Earth’s surface.The remaining
60.
Only
small part
of the
Sun’s of
energy
reaches the
70%a warms
the
surface
the planet.
简析：句子中含有两个定语从句，这是解题的关键。
Earth’s
surface
most of it is______.
either
...or连结的是并列结构。
(NMET
2008because
江苏卷B篇)
A.absorbed
by the clouds in the lower atmosphere
译文：来自太阳的大部分能量都不会到达地球的表
B.reflected by the gases in the upper atmosphere
面，这种能量或者被上层大气中的气体反射或吸收。在到
C.lost in the upper and lower atmosphere
达低层大气的能量中，有30%的能量被云层或地球的表面
D.used to evaporate water from the oceans and
所反射，剩下的70%使地球的表面温暖。
lakes
简析：句子中夹杂着固定短语，v-ing式作主语，复杂主
73.Why do more choices of goods give rise to anxiety?
语，v-ing式作结果状语以及定语从句。
A.Professionals find it hard to decide on a suitable
product.
译文：无穷尽的选择给人们的生活带来了无尽的烦恼。
补充练习2
B.People are likely to find themselves overcome
买像咖啡壶这样最基本的东西也不是那么简单了。对许
by business persuasion.
多人而言，面对触手可及的一系列的日常用品却感到眼
 C.Shoppers
The endless
gives birth
maychoice
find themselves
lost into
the broad
花瞭乱、不知所措，结果是购物者只好放弃选择、匆匆
rangeanxiety
of items. in people’s lives.Buying
D.Companies
advertisers
often pot is
而去，或者仅仅买了一件并非真正需要的不合适的商品。
something and
as basic
as aare
coffee
misleading
about the
range of choice.
not exactly
simple.Easy
access to a
wide range of everyday goods leads
to a sense of powerlessness in many
people，ending in the shopper giving
up and walking away，or just buying
an unsuitable item(商品) that is not
really wanted.(NMET 2008重庆卷E篇)
译文：姑娘不该嫁给与自己的姓的首字母相
同的人,因为正如一首童谣所说：改姓不改首
例5：
字母,婚后必将受其苦。
 No girl should marry a man whose last
name has the same initial as hers, for,
as the rhyme goes, "Change the name
but not the letter, marry for worse
instead of better."
这是个主从复合句。for是连接词,引导状语
从句。as the rhyme goes是插入语,插在
for和它引导的从句之间,造成for和它引导的
从句的分离,翻译时,可译成一个主谓结构。
一个女人最亲密的女性朋友可能是第一个告诉她离
高考英语长难句类型5与破解策略
开一次失败的婚姻；而听见一个男人说直到他的朋
 题例5
（NMET2001—E篇）：
友一天晚上问他是否可以睡在他家的沙发上他才知
道他朋友的婚姻已非常糟糕，这是很平常的。
Whereas a woman’s closest female
friend might be the first to tell her to
leave a failing marriage, itwasn’t
unusual to hear a man say he didn’t
know his friend’s marriage was in
serious trouble until he appeared one
night asking if he could sleep on the
sofa.
例6
It wasn’t unusual to hear a man
say…not…until
not unusual=usual
 Finish reading the following passage
in six minutes after class.
 If possible and necessary, analyse
some of the long and difficult
sentences in the passage using the
methods and techniques introdued in
this lecture..
例8
…But
that
wasThompson
a lie. There
inthe
the
front
41.
What
did Mrs.
do on
first
day of
NMET
2008全国卷Ⅱ—A篇
school?
row was a little boy named Teddy
A.
She made Teddy feel ashamed.
Stoddard.
B. She asked the children to play with Teddy.
There
was
a
story
many
years
ago
C. She changed Teddy’s seat to the front row.
a told
school
teacher--Thompson.
D.of
She
the class
somethingMrs.
untrue
about herself.
She told the children on the first day
that she loved them all the same. But
that was a lie. There in the front row
was a little boy named Teddy Stoddard.
He didn’t play well with the other
children and he always needed a bath.
She did not like him.
42.
What
did
Mrs. Thompson
find out
about
Then
Mrs.
Thompson
got
to
know
that
Teddy
She
felt
even
worse
when,
like
all
her
other
NMET
2008全国卷Ⅱ—A篇
Teddy?
…was
ashamed
of…
was
actually
a
very
good
boy
before
the
students, Teddy brought her a Christmas
A.
He often
told
lies.
death
of
his
mother.
present too. It was his mother’s perfume(香
B. He was good at math.
水)
C. He needed motherly care.
 Then Mrs. Thompson got to know that
D. He enjoyed playing with others.
Teddy was actually a very good boy
before the death of his mother. Mrs.
Thompson was ashamed of herself.
She felt even worse when, like all her
other students, Teddy brought her a
Christmas present too. It was his
mother’s perfume(香水)。
透露出小孩子失去母亲的孤单。
43. In what way did Mrs. Thompson change?
A. She taught fewer school subjects.
NMET
B. She2008全国卷Ⅱ—A篇
became stricter with her students.
C. She no longer liked her job as a teacher.
 Teddy said, “Mrs. Thompson, today
D. She cared more about educating students.
you smell just like my Mom used to.”
After the children left she cried for at
least an hour. On that very day, she
stopped teaching reading, writing and
math. Instead, she began to teach
children.
这句让她心灵震撼的话语刺激了她的泪水，也
同时彻底改变了她对小孩子的成见和彻底让她
认识了自己的职业：由教“书”转变为教“孩
子”。
NMET 2008全国卷Ⅱ—A篇
 Mrs. Thompson paid particular attention
to Teddy. The boy’s mind seemed to
come alive. The more she encourage
him, the faster he improved. By the end
of the sixth grade, Teddy had become
one of the smartest children in the class.
她的关注也让小孩Teddy彻底发生了改变：慢
慢变成了好学生。。。。。。一直到大学乃至
成为医学博士。对老师的感恩之心也一直延续
下来。
NMET 2008全国卷Ⅱ—A篇
 Six years went by before she got a
note from Teddy. He wrote that he
had finished high school, third in his
class, and she was still the best
teacher he ever had in his whole lift.
He went to college. Mrs. Thompson
got two more letters from him with
the last one signed, Theodore F.
Stoddard, M. D.(医学博士).
NMET 2008全国卷Ⅱ—A篇
The story doesn’t end there. On his
wedding day, Dr. Stoddard whispered in Mrs.
Thompson’s ear, “Thank you, Mrs. Thompson,
for believing in me. You made me feel
important and showed me that I could make
a difference.”

Mrs. Thompson, with tears in her eyes,
back, “Teddy, you have it all wrong.
44.whispered
Why did Teddy
thank Mrs. Thompson at his
You were the one who taught me that I could
wedding?
make a difference. I didn’t know how to teach
A.until
SheI had
metkept
you.”in touch with him.

B. She had given him encouragement.
C. She had sent him Christmas presents.
D. She had taught him how to judge people.
NMET 2008全国卷Ⅱ—A篇
 A篇——该篇题材为“师生间的关爱和感恩，
属于叙事性文体。文章通过第三人称的角度
讲述一位女教师Mrs. Thompson和她的学
生Teddy之间一件让她观念和教学方法都彻
底改变的事情的描叙。
NMET 2008全国卷Ⅱ—A篇
文中渲染了一件让女教师Mrs.
Thompson彻底感动的事件：失去母亲而同
时失去母爱的小男孩Teddy一天把他妈妈以前
的香水作为圣诞礼物送给Mrs. Thompson时，
还说道“Mrs. Thompson，today, you
smell just like my Mom used to.”就是这
样一句童真无邪的话，透露出小孩子失去母
亲的孤单。这句让她心灵震撼的话语刺激了
她的泪水，也同时彻底改变了她对小孩子的
成见和彻底让她认识了自己的职业：由教
“书”转变为教“孩子”。她的关注也让小
孩Teddy彻底发生了改变：慢慢变成了好学
生。。。。。。一直到大学乃至成为医学博
士。对老师的感恩之心也一直延续下来。
Summary and consolidation
破解英语长难句的主要技巧







英语长句真费神
理清主从两部分
句中找句要耐心
遇句查找主谓宾
特殊句式需记心
分隔现象细查清
能破难句促你成
Goodbye!

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