中世の言語 The Language of Medieval Japan

中世の言語
The Language of Medieval Japan
Anna Novosel
Contents
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Review of major sound changes
Major literary and cultural works
Three main types of language
Some other literature of the time
Review of Major Sound Changes
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13th Century


ou > o:
eu > jo:
[i] and [wji] > [i]
th-16th Century

15
 [je] and [we] > [je]
 [kje] > [ke]
 syllable final nasal
 [ʃe] > [se]
became [ɴ], [o:], or
[e:]
 [ʒe] >[ze]
 [dji] [du]> [ʤi] [ʣu]
 14th Century
 [ɸa] [ɸji] [ɸu] [ɸe] [ɸo]
 uu (u’u) > u:
> [ha] [çi] [ɸu] [he] [ho]
 iu > ju:
 [tji] [tu] > [ʧi] [ʦu]
 au > ɔ: > o:

Review of Systematic Grammatical
Sound Changes

音便 (onbin) ‘euphony’
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
From 平安 through 中世
動詞の音便 in てform verbs
咲きて > 咲いて
 立ちて > 立って etc.
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
形容詞の音便
白く > 白う
 白き > 白い
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Review of Grammatical Changes
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
この人は美しい has the same
meaning as 美しい人
Change from なり to なる
More case particles were used


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が、を、etc.
Verb suffixes added to be more
formal
Verb endings change

た
Major Literary and Theatrical Styles
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随筆 Zuihitsu
物語 Tales
擬古物語 Giko monogatari
能 Noh Drama
狂言 Kyogen
連歌 Renga
御伽草子 Otogizoshi (short stories)
説話 Tales (often Buddhist)
Major Literary Works
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方丈記 Hojoki
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平家物語 The Heike
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Kamo no Chomei
1212
Kakuichi
1371
新古今集 The
Shinkokinshu

1205

百人一首 Hyakunin
Ishhu


Early 13th Century
Fujiwara no Teika
Three Language Styles
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
和漢混交文わかんこんこうぶん
擬古文ぎこぶん
中世口語文ちゅうせいこうごぶん
和漢混交文
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平家物語 and 方丈記
Use of kana in grammar structures
Introduction of ッ (pg 408, line 1)
Extensive use of Chinese character
compounds
ぞ ending
中世口語文
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狂言
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“ざって”
“やさしい” (pg 29, 4th from end)
“ござる”
“じゃ”
Onomatopoeia (pg 359)
Kyogen
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“Tied to a Stick”
能
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観阿弥清次（かんあみきよつぐ）
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Poetry in original form
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1333-1384
actor who made Noh famous
Buddhist prayers
Original Japanese
Prose in upper class 14th century
language
Noh

“The Well-Curb”
新古今集 and 百入一首
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Same poetry writing as before
Shinkokinshu prefaces
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Kana preface
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Similar to The Tale of Genji and poetry in
the Shinkokinshu
Mana (Chinese) preface
Similar to Nara period writing
 Uses 漢文
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Sources
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Internet Based
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Noh and Kyogen
movies
Kodansha
Encyclopedia of
Japan
Encyclopedia
Britannica Online
Shinkokinshu

Text Based


Hojoki
Noh and Kyogen

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