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and Emami, 2008; Abate and McKendry, 2010;
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2004; Sayar et al., 2007; Mojarrad and
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Ê] .dY Ã| ÄËYY 1 µÁ|m { Àe Á µZ»¿ ËY
¾Ë|·YÁ cYÌÌ¤e ÄÀ»Y{ Ä¯ |Å{Ê» ½Z¿ µÁ|m ¾ËY Ê¸¯
cZ¨ .{Y{ Y« ZÅÊ«Ôe cYÌÌ¤e Ã{Á|v» { 0Z^Ë¬e
\ËY ¾ËfÌ] ÉYY{ {°¸¼ Á ¶°¿Y|a µÂ ,ÊÅ|¸³
{YÂ» { cZ¨ ¾ËY ÂÀe Ã|ÀÅ{ ½Z¿ Ä¯ |¿{Â] cYÌÌ¤e
Ä] ¶·MÉ{ ¿ZËYÁ ÄËne ÄnÌf¿ .dY Ã| Ã{Z¨fY Ê°Ìf¿
Ê°y Àe .dY Ã| ÄËYY 2 µÁ|m { ²ÀÌ¨Ë³ Á
µÂ ,Ä¿Y{ YÅ ½Á m Ä] cZ¨ Ä¼Å ] Ê¸¯ Â Ä]
ÅZ¯ .dY~³ ÌiZe ÄÂy { Är¸^À {Y| e Á ®Ë
|{ 26 µZ»¿ ËY Ä] d^¿ Àe ËY { {°¸¼
|{ 40-20) Âf» Àe c| ÄÀ»Y{ { Ä¯ {Â]
ZÌ] cÁZ¨e .(Blum,2011) {Ì³Ê» Y« (ÅZ¯
dY{ {ÂmÁ (ZÆ¿M F1 Á ¾Ë|·YÁ) ZÅ`ÌeÂ¿ ¾Ì] ÉY{ÊÀ »
¾ËY { Ê]Zzf¿Y ¾Ë|·YÁ Ä¯ dY ¾ËY Ã|ÀÅ{ ½Z¿ Ä¯
ÂÀe ZÆ¿M Ã|ÀÀ¯ µfÀ¯ ÉZÅ¶·M Á cZ¨ ¾ËY ¿ Y ËZ»M
.|¿Y{ É{ZË
ËZ»M ¾ËY { Ã| ÉÌ³ÃY|¿Y cZ¨ fÌ] {Â» {
Ä¯ ÉÂ Ä] .{Â^¿ Y{ÊÀ » Ìv» Á `ÌeÂ¿ ¾Ì] ¶]Z¬f» iY
{ iY ¾ËY {°¸¼ Á Z¨eY d¨ Á{ ÉY] ZÆÀe Â¼n» {
³Y Ä¯ |Å{Ê» ½Z¿ lËZf¿ ¾ËY .| Y{ÊÀ » |{ 5 t
cZ¨ ªË Y {°¸¼ sÔY ÉY] Ê°Ìf¿ {YÂ» ¾ËY Y
Ë Á{ Å { Y ÀË³ ½YÂeÊ» {Â Ã{Z¨fY ^e»
Äf^·Y .dÓZ] ËY Á{ { ZÅ`ÌeÂ¿ ÉY|ËZa YË {Y{ ¹Zn¿Y
Âf» Àe c| ËZ»M ¾ËY { Ä¯ dY{ ¿ { |ËZ]
Á {°¸¼ d¨ {Â» { ZÅ`ÌeÂ¿ ¾Ì] Y{ÊÀ » cÁZ¨e .{Â]
cÂ Ä] Ä¯ ÊËZÅËZ»M ´Ë{ { ½M Z] ^e» cZ¨
Topal et al., ) dY Ã| Y³ Ì¿ Ã| ¹Zn¿Y ¶·MÉ{
2004; El-Maghraby et al., 2005; Sayar et al.,
½|¿ Y{ÊÀ » Ä] ÄmÂe Z] .(2007; Khan et al., 2010
1391 / µÁY ÃZ¼ /¹Á{ µZ /cÔ£ cZ¬Ì¬ve
5
ZÅF1 ¾Ì] Á ¾Ë|·YÁ ¾Ì] cYÌÌ¤e ÄÀ»Y{ Á ÊbÌeÂ¿ cYÌÌ¤e \ËY -1 µÁ|m
d¨
trait
ÄnÀa {Y| e
Tiller number
ÄÂy {Y| e
Spike number
{ Är¸^À {Y| e
ÄÂy
Spikelets in
spike
Ä¿Y{ YÅ ½Á
Thousand
weight
Z¨eY
Height
¶°¿Y|a
Peduncle
®Ë µÂ
Awn length
ÊÅ|¸³
Flowering
Ê³|Ì
Maturity
Ä¿Y{ ½| a ÃÁ{
Grain filling
period
{°¸¼
Yield
Table 1. Genotypic coefficient of variations among parents and F1 genotypes
µZ»¿ ËY
Àe ËY
Normal
Stress
condition
condition
cYÌÌ¤e \Ë
cYÌÌ¤e \Ë
cYÌÌ¤e ÄÀ»Y{
cYÌÌ¤e ÄÀ»Y{
ÊbÌeÂ¿
ÊbÌeÂ¿
ZÅF1 cYÌÌ¤e ÄÀ»Y{
¾Ë|·YÁ
¾Ë|·YÁ
Genotypic
Genotypic
Range
of
F1s
Range of
Range of
of Coefficient
coefficient of
parents
parents
variation
variation
cYÌÌ¤e ÄÀ»Y{
ZÅF1
Range of
F1s
10.7
10-19.1
10-18
14.7
6.6-16.5
8-13
4.95
9.5-14.2
8.6-13.6
13
6.3-14.1
7-10.4
6.6
14.3-19.4
15.1-19.1
6.9
14.4-18.2
6.9-8.5
10.1
28-43.4
29.1-43.6
8.6
30.7-41.3
26.8-42.5
9.6
74.8-102.3
73.4-105.9
8.8
67.4-88
64.8-93
14.1
27.6-46
30.2-47.6
13.7
22.1-39.1
25.6-40.4
0.9
6.6-7.9
7-8.3
5.8
6.7-8.6
6.9-8.5
14.9
11-20.8
8.5-17.3
15.4
9.1-18.9
7.2-16.7
4.9
40.1-48
38-9-48.6
2.9
36.5-45.4
37.5-46
6.7
24.1-32.7
26.2-35.1
6.3
25.6-33.4
25.2-35
16.8
11-24.5
10.2-23.2
4.1
9.5-16
8.6-15.5
¶·MÉ{ Á Z] ½Z¿ ¹|À³ { cZ¨ Êy] gYÂe Ä ·Z» :½YZ°¼Å Á ÊÀÌ»Y
6
{ Ä§ ®Ë 7×7 ¶·MÉ{ { ZÆ¿M F1 Á ¾Ë|·YÁ { Ã| ÉÌ³ ÃY|¿Y cZ¨ ¿ZËYÁ ÄËne cZ ]» ¾Ì´¿ZÌ» Ë{Z¬» -2 µÁ|m
.µZ»¿ Á Ê°y Àe (Ìv») ËY Á{ { ¹|À³
Table 2. ANOVA mean squares of traits measured in parents and F1s in a 7×7 diallel mating design in wheat at
normal and stress conditions.
Ä¿Y{ ½| a ÃÁ{ { ¹³) {°¸¼
(cm) Z¨eY (cm) ¶°¿Y|a (cm) ®Ë µÂ (Á) ÊÅ|¸³ (Á) Ê³|Ì
(Á)
(ÄeÂ]
Awn
Flowering Maturity
Height (cm) Peduncle
Filling period
Yield
(cm)
Length (cm) (day)
(day)
(day)
(g/plant)
Äm{
É{YM
df
ÄnÀa {Y| e
Tiller
number
ÄÂy {Y| e
Spike
number
Ìv»
1
Environment
Ìv» ½Á{ Â¸]
4
Blocks into
Environment
`ÌeÂ¿
27
Genotype
Ìv» × `ÌeÂ¿
Genotype × 27
Environment
Zy
107
Error
GCA
6
{ Är¸^À {Y| e
ÄÂy
Spiklets in
spike
Ä¿Y{ YÅ ½Á
(¹³)
Thousand
weight (g)
476**
317.4**
3.3 ns
22.5 ns
4111**
514**
1.78 ns
297**
1907**
674**
836**
36.4
15.7
3.5
39.2
67.1
5.8
5.08
28.5
6.5
45.2
8.2
22.6**
11.35**
9.5**
85.6**
381.2**
143.3**
0.85**
33.1**
27**
33.2**
31**
4.13 ns
4.07 ns
1.1 ns
14.6 ns
24*
6 ns
0.29 ns
7.6 ns
5.6 ns
13.5 ns
26.3*
6.15
5.3
1.16
15.7
12.8
4.4
0.25
7.6
7.07
12.2
16.1
cYÌÌ¤e ]ZÀ»
S.O.V
SCA
Ìv» × GCA
Condition ×
GCA
Ìv» × SCA
Condition ×
SCA
**
**
**
**
**
**
21
79
6.4 ns
22.05
8.25 ns
31.5
3.14**
299
24.6 ns
1563
49.9**
565
22.8**
1.7
0.59**
115
10 ns
87.9
11.8*
64
23.7*
78.2**
17.4 ns
6
3.25 ns
7.38 ns
1.65 ns
13.4 ns
23 ns
7 ns
0.41 ns
1.3 ns
5.9 ns
6.7 ns
69.2**
21
4.35 ns
3.19 ns
0.93 ns
15 ns
22*
5.5 ns
0.25 ns
9.1 ns
3.8 ns
14.8 ns
14.4 ns
ns: Non significant.
**
**
**
Y{ÊÀ » Ì£ ns
* and **: significant at 0.05 and 0.01 probability level, respectively
ÉY{ÊÀ » cÁZ¨e WS ÃÁ³ ÉZÅ`ÌeÂ¿ ÉGCA Ä¯ Ê·Zu
¿ ¾ËY Y ÉY{ `ÌeÂ¿ {Â» ¾ËY { .{Y|¿ ½Z¿ ¨ Z]
ÄnÀa {Y| e Ä°ÀËY Z] Ä¯ |Ê» ¿ Ä] Ê^·Zm `ÌeÂ¿
Á dÓZ] Ì¿ ZÆ¿M ÉÁZ] ½YÌ» ,|À¯Ê» |Ì·Âe É{ZË
] ,|À¯ ¶¬fÀ» ZÅ`ÌeÂ¿ ´Ë{ Ä] Y dÌ¸]Z« ¾ËY |¿YÂeÊ»
.{Y{ Éf¼¯ ÁZ] ÄnÀa {Y| e Ä¯ YÌ `ÌeÂ¿ ¥Ôy
¾ËfÆ] ÉY{ `ÌeÂ¿ d¨ ¾ËY sÔY ÉY] ¾ËY]ZÀ]
¿ {Â» d¨ ¿ Y kZf¿ ¾ËfÆ] |Ì·Âe ÉY] .dY
Y Ê»Â¼ ÉË~a \Ì¯e ¾ËfÌ] Ä¯ ÊÀË|·YÁ ÊfËZ]
Barnard et al., ) {Y{ Ê«Ôe ´Ë|¼Å Z] |ÀÅ{Ê» ½Z¿
ZÅ`ÌeÂ¿ ¾ËfÆ] ÄÂy { Är¸^À {Y| e ¿ Y .(2002
,ËÂ¯ `ÌeÂ¿ ÊuÔY ÉZÅÄ»Z¿] { ÉÌ³Z¯ Ä] ÉY]
z» lËZf¿ Y Ä¯ Â½Z¼Å .|¿{Â] WS-82-9 Á YÌ
{ ÄÂy Á ÄnÀa É{ZË {Y| e ÉYY{ Ä¯ ÊËZÅ`ÌeÂ¿ dY
³Y .|¿{Â] ¦Ì ÄÂy { Är¸^À {Y| e ¿ Y |¿{Â] ÄeÂ]
Ä] d^¿ Éf¼¯ ÁZ] ÉZÅÄnÀa {Y| e YÌ `ÌeÂ¿ Äq
Y fÌ] ½M ÄÂy { Är¸^À {Y| e Z»Y dY{ ÉY{
ÊËZÅ`ÌeÂ¿ Ä] Äf¿YÂe Y ½YÌ» ¾ËY Á {Â] ÉY{ `ÌeÂ¿
.|À¯ ¶¬fÀ» Äf§ZË Ê«Ôe ZÆ¿M Z] Ä¯
**
.0/01 Á 0/05 t { Y{ÊÀ » \Ìee Ä] ** Á*
Á ÓZ] ÉË~adiYÁ Ã|ÀÅ{ ½Z¿ ½ ÊËY§Y iY ½{Â] ÓZ]
Ê¿ ¦Ì ¶]Z¬f» iY ÄnÌf¿ Ì¿ Á ½M ] Ìv» f¼¯ iY
{ÂmÁ ¾ËY Z] .{Â ÀË³ { Ì] dÌ¬§Â» Ä] nÀ» Á Ã{Â]
Ã{Z¨fY ZÅ¿ZËYÁ ¾ËY ÉÁ{ Å Y |ËZ] ÊuÔY ÉZÅÁ
ÉY] ÊÂy ÉË~a \Ì¯e .(Topal et al., 2004) |À¯
¾ËY Ä°ÀËY Ä] ÄmÂeZ] .|»M d{ Ä] Y{ÊÀ » cZ¨ Y Êy]
ÉY] |Ë^ÌÅ ¹|À³ |Ì·Âe Á dY ËfÅ Ä] Â]» iY
½M Y ½YÂeÊ¼¿ ¾ËY]ZÀ] ,dÌ¿ Ê¸¼ ÂÀÅ ÊY Ã{Z¨fY
Ä¯ ÊeÂ { Äf^·Y .{Â¼¿ Ã{Z¨fY ºÌ¬f» Â Ä]
dÌ^·Z£ ÉÂXe) ZÅ½ dÌ^·Z£ iY ¶Ì·{ Ä] ËÁfÅ
Ä¯ dY ÊÀ » ½Y|] ,|Z] dÌ^·Z£ ©Â§ Ä¿ Á (ËÁfÅ
|ÀÅ{Ê» ½Z¿ Y ËÁfÅ ¾ËfÌ] Ä¯ É|·YÁ Á{ ½YÂeÊ»
{Y| e ¾ËfÌ] Ä¯ É{Y§Y Ã|ÀËM ÉZÅ¶¿ { Á Ã{Y{ Ê«Ôe
¾Ë|·YÁ ËÁfÅ Ê] .{¯ [Zzf¿Y |¿Y{ Y [Â¸» ¶·M
.| |ÅYÂy ¹Zn¿Y cÔaÉZ] ÄËne lËZf¿ d¼« {
Á{ { ZÅÃ{Y{ ¾Ì´¿ZÌ» ZY ] ¾Ë|·YÁ GCA Ë{Z¬»
{Y| e ¿ Y .dY Ã| ÄËYY 3 µÁ|m { ÊËZ»M ËY
Á ¾ËfÌ] ÉY{ `ÌeÂ¿ ,ÄeÂ] { ÄÂy {Y| e Á ÄnÀa
{ .|¿{Y{ ½Z¿ Y Y{ÊÀ » GCA ¾Ëf¼¯ ËÂ¯ `ÌeÂ¿
1391 / µÁY ÃZ¼ /¹Á{ µZ /cÔ£ cZ¬Ì¬ve
7
.ËY Á{ ¾Ì´¿ZÌ» ÉY] 7×7 ¶·MÉ{ Ê«Ôe { Ã| Ã{Z¨fY ¾Ë|·YÁ GCA Ë{Z¬» -3 µÁ|m
Table 3. GCA values of parents in 7×7 diallel mating design for means of two conditions
¾Ë|·YÁ
Parents
Är¸^À {Y| e
ÄnÀa {Y| e ÄÂy {Y| e
ÄÂy {
Tiller
Spike
number number Spiklets in
spike
2}M
Azar 2
ËÂ¯
Kavir
YÌ
Shiraz
ÉY{
Sardari
ws-82-9
ws-82-7
- 0.51
- 0.34 ns
0.1 ns
-0.38 ns
0.51
-0.36*
ws-82-13
0.02 ns
- 0.33 ns
- 0.16 ns
Ä¿Y{ YÅ ½Á
(¹³)
Thousand
weight
Z¨eY
¶°¿Y|a
(f»Êf¿Z) (f»Êf¿Z)
height peduncle
®Ë µÂ
(cm)
Awn
length
ÊÅ|¸³
Ê³|Ì ½| a ÃÁ{
(Á) Ä¿Y{
(Á)
(Á)
flowering maturity Filling
period
{°¸¼
{ ¹³)
(ÄeÂ]
yield
0.47 ns
0.52 ns
-1.42**
2.3**
7.9**
6.28**
-0.2*
-0.4 ns
-ns1
- 0.7 ns
- 0.4 ns
-2.1**
-0.85*
0.88**
1.8**
-2.6**
-1.3**
0.29**
-1.3**
0.2 ns
1.5**
1.5*
0.63 ns
- 0.13 ns
0.54**
-1.5**
0.8 ns
-1.14**
0.07 ns
1.5**
1.8**
0.2 ns
- 1.1 ns
1.84**
1.08**
0.01 ns
-2.3**
5.04**
1.97**
0.09 ns
2.4**
1.15*
-1.1*
-0.6 ns
3.2
-1.4**
1.33 ns
-6.9**
- 0.24
-3.63**
0.06 ns
-0.1 ns
-1.2
-1.3**
-1.97
0.25 ns
-0.9
1.5**
-2.2**
-5.6**
-1.96**
-0.2*
0.32 ns
-0.43 ns
-0.59 ns
1.9**
- 0.8 ns
0.56 ns
-
ns
**
**
ns
ns: Non significant.
**
ns
Y{ÊÀ » Ì£ ns
* and **: significant at 0.05 and 0.01 probability level, respectively
d^j» ÌiZe Ä¯ É´Ë{ cZ¨ ¿ Y ¶Ì·{ ¾Ì¼Å Ä] Á Ã{Â^¿
¾ËfÆ] 2}M `ÌeÂ¿ .{Y{ Ê]Ây dÌ Á |¿Y{ {°¸¼ ]
Ä°ÀËY ¶Ì·{ Ä] .dY ¶°¿Y|a µÂ ËY§Y ÉY] `ÌeÂ¿
ÃÌy} Ä] {Z« fÀÂf§ ÊËZ¿YÂe ½{Â] YY{ ] ÃÁÔ ¶°¿Y|a
¶ËÂ dY Ä¿Y{ Ä] ½M µZ¬f¿Y Á {Ây { ÊËY~£ {YÂ» ÉZ
¾ËY Z^eY .|À¯Ê» {ZË Y Ê°y Àe Ä] ¶¼ve ½M ½{Â]
dY Ã| Y³ Ô^« Ê°y Àe Ä] ¶¼ve Z] d¨
Y .(Ahmadi et al., 2009; Bazargani et al., 2011)
yZ Y ËÂ¯ `ÌeÂ¿ ½YÂeÊ» Ì¿ ®Ë µÂ ¿
½M { Ä°ÀËY Ä] ÄmÂe Z] ÃZÌ³ { ®Ë {ÂmÁ .d¿Y{
ËY ÉY] [Â¸» Êf¨ |¿YÂeÊ» {ÂÊ» ¹Zn¿Y fÀÂf§
¾ËeÓZ] ÉY{ `ÌeÂ¿ .{Â Äf§³ ¿ { Ê°y Àe
{ Á {Y{ ½Z¿ ÊÅ|¸³ Ze Á ÉY] Y Ê»Â¼ ÉË~a \Ì¯e
Â Ä] |Z] ÄfY{ Âu `ÌeÂ¿ ¾ËY Ä¯ ÊËZÅÊ«Ôe
lËZf¿ .|f§YÊ» ÌyZe Ä] ÊÅ|¸³ ÃÁ{ Á 2/4 Âf»
Y Z»Y ,{Y{ ½Z¿ Ê³|Ì xËZe Z] ÊËÓZ] Ê¿YÂz¼Å ÊÅ|¸³
¾ËfÆ] d¨³ ½YÂeÊ» Ê°y Àe Ä] ¶¼ve ¿ Ä¬¿
Á |¿ÁÊ» ¶³ Ä] e{Á Ä¯ |ÀfÅ ÊËZÅ`ÌeÂ¿ ,ZÅ`ÌeÂ¿
¹Zn¿Y Y {Ây Ê³|Ì ,Ä¿Y{ ½|a ÃÁ{ ½{¯ ÃZeÂ¯ ½Á|]
dY ¾°¼» Ä¯ dY ¶Ì·{ ¾ËY Ä] kZfÀfY ¾ËY .|ÀÅ{Ê»
Ê¸Ìy Ä¯ |ÀZ] ÄfY{ {ÂmÁ {Á ZÌ] ÉZÅ`ÌeÂ¿
Ê¸Ìy Ä¿Y{ ½| a ÃÁ{ ½{¯ ÃZeÂ¯ Z] Á Äf§ ¶³ Ä] Ë
Y Y§ ºÌ¿Z°» { ZÅ`ÌeÂ¿ ¾ËY Äq ³Y .|À] Ì¿ Ë
**
.0/01 Á 0/05 t { Y{ÊÀ » \Ìee Ä] ** Á*
¾ËY { Ä¯ dY Ê¼Æ» cZ¨ Y Ê°Ë Ä¿Y{ YÅ ½Á
d¨ ¾ËY ÊeZ^ Ä] .{Y{ ½Z¿ É{ZË ZÌ] ÂÀe ËZ»M
`ÌeÂ¿ ÉY] ¹³ 42/4 Ze YÌ `ÌeÂ¿ ÉY] ¹³ 29/4 Y
µÁ|m { ½YÂeÊ» Y ÊÆ]Z» ÄnÌf¿ .{Â] Ì¤f» WS-82-9
ÉYY{ WS-82-9 `ÌeÂ¿ Ä¯ ÉÂ Ä] .{¯ Ã|ÅZ» 2
Ã{Â] d¨ ¾ËY ÉY] Ê»Â¼ ÉË~a \Ì¯e dÌ¸]Z« ¾ËfÌ]
ÄfY{ {ÂmÁ |·YÁ ¾ËY Ä¯ ÊËZÅÊ«Ôe { ¾Ì´¿ZÌ» Â Ä] Á
Ã{Y{ ½Z¿ ËY§Y ¹³ 3/2 Y|¬» Ä] d¨ ¾ËY ½YÌ» dY
.dY Ã|
ÊuÔY Y ¾ËeÓZ] ¶°¿Y|a µÂ Á Z¨eY {Â» {
ÉZÅ`ÌeÂ¿ m Ä¯ {¯ Ã|ÅZ» 2}M `ÌeÂ¿ { ½YÂeÊ» Y
ÄÀË³ ¾ËfÆ] WS-82-7 `ÌeÂ¿ .{Â] ËZ»M ¾ËY |À¸] Za
ÃZeÂ¯ Ä¯ Zn¿M Y .dY ÊÅZeÂ¯Za ÉY] ZÅ`ÌeÂ¿ sÔY ÉY]
Y © e Á Ìz^e ½YÌ» ÃZÌ³ Äjm ½{Â] ®qÂ¯ Á ½{Â]
Ä] ,|À¯Ê» Àe ËY Ä] Z³Z Y `ÌeÂ¿ Á Ã{Y{ ÅZ¯
½YÂÀ Ä] `ÌeÂ¿ ¾ËY Ä¯ Ê¸ËÓ{ Y Ê°Ë |Ê» ¿
Á µZÆ¿ ÄÌÆe Á sÔY cZ¬Ì¬ve ÄÂ» { ¶¼vf» `ÌeÂ¿
½{Â] ®qÂ¯ Äf^·Y .|Z] ÉZ³Z ¾Ì¼Å Ã| |Ì·Âe ~]
{]Ê» ÓZ] Y dY{] yZ Äq ³Y ÃZÌ³ Äjm |u Y Ì]
f¼¯ |Ì·Âe ½YÌ» Á f¼¯ fÀÂf§ ¶Ì·{ Ä] Ì¿ {°¸¼ Ê·Á
Blum, ) dÌ¿ [Â¸» Á |Å{Ê» ½Z¿ |Ë| ÅZ¯
Ä¯ {¯ ÉÌ³ÄnÌf¿ ½YÂf] |ËZ ¶Ì·{ ¾Ì¼Å Ä] .(2011
ÃZeÂ¯ Za |u Y Ì] YË |Z] fÆ] ¿ ¾ËY Y ËÂ¯ `ÌeÂ¿
¶·MÉ{ Á Z] ½Z¿ ¹|À³ { cZ¨ Êy] gYÂe Ä ·Z» :½YZ°¼Å Á ÊÀÌ»Y
ÅZ/¯ µZ/»¿ ËY/ Ä/] d^/¿ {°¸¼ Z] ^e» cZ¨
WS- Á ËÂ/¯ `/ÌeÂ¿ Á{ .(Blum, 2011) |/Å{Ê» ½Z¿
ËY { {°¸¼ ËY§Y ÉY] ZÅ`ÌeÂ¿ ¾ËfÆ] m 82-9
Äq ³Y WS-82-13 Á WS-82-7 `ÌeÂ¿ Á{ .|¿{Â] µZ»¿
Ä/] Z/»Y ,|¿ÂÊ» É|À] Ä¬^ ¶¼vf» ÉZÅ`ÌeÂ¿ ½YÂÀ Ä]
,ÃZ/Ì³ Ä/jm ½{Â/] ®/qÂ¯ Á |/u Y Ì/] Ê/{Á ¶Ì·{
ÉY] Ê ^À» ½YÂÀ Ä] |À¿YÂeÊ» ZÆÀe Á |¿Y|¿ ÊËÓZ] {°¸¼
.|¿Â Ã{Z¨fY Ê°y Ä] ¶¼ve ÉZÅ½
¶·MÉ{ ËZ»M cÔaÉZ] ÄËne
dÌ Á ½YÂeÊ» ÊfuY Ä] cÔaÉZ] ÄËne {
Á {¯ Ã|ÅZ» SCA Á GCA ½YÌ» ¿ Y Y ZÅ`ÌeÂ¿
ZÅ`ÌeÂ¿ ¹Y|¯ {Y{ Ìze ½YÂeÊ» Á ¾ËY { ¾ÌÀr¼Å
ÄfY{ Ê]Ây ÊÂy ÉË~a \Ì¯e |À¿YÂeÊ» ´Ë|¼Å Z]
{Â» { ÄËne ¾ËY .(Yan and Kang, 2003) |ÀZ]
Ä] .|ÀfY{ ÌiZe ÃZÌ³ {°¸¼ { Ä¯ d§³ ¹Zn¿Y ÊeZ¨
Ä] Ã| ÉÌ³ ÃY|¿Y cZ¨ Z] {°¸¼ Ä]Y Y|f]Y \Ìee ¾ËY
®¼¯ Z] µZ»¿ Á Àe ËY Á{ { Ä¿Z³Y|m cÂ
Ä]Y µZ»¿ ËY { .|»M d{ Ä] ¹Z³ Ä] ¹Z³ ½ÂÌ³
:(|ÀfÅ {Y|¿ZfY \ËY Ä¼Å) |»M d{ Ä] Ë cÂ Ä]
(1)
YN=0.25TW+0.91EN-0.71TI+0.29SF
:{Â] Ë cÂ Ä] Àe ËY { Ä]Y ¾ËY
(2)
YS=0.44TW+0.87EN+0.28AW+0.44SF
µZ»¿ ËY { {°¸¼ \Ìee Ä] YS Á YN ½M { Ä¯
{Y| e SP ,ÄÂy {Y| e EN ,Ä¿Y{ YÅ ½Á TW,Àe Á
®Ë µÂ AW Á ÄnÀa {Y| e TI ,ÄÂy { Är¸^À
.dY
{Y| e d¨ Ä] Â]» cÔaÉZ] Y{Â¼¿ (a) 1 ¶°
ËZ»M ËY Á{ Å ¾Ì´¿ZÌ» ÉY] Y ÄÂy { Är¸^À
,| Ã{Y{ ½Z¿ Ì¿ 2 µÁ|m { Ä¯ Â½Z¼Å .|Å{Ê» ½Z¿
¾ËfÌ] ÉYY{ WS-82-9 Á ËÂ¯ ,YÌ ÉZÅ`ÌeÂ¿
¾ËY ÉY] GCA ¾Ëf¼¯ ÉYY{ 2}M `ÌeÂ¿ Á GCA
ËÂ¯ `ÌeÂ¿ Y{Â¼¿ ¾ËY { Ä°ÀËY Ä] ÄmÂe Z] .|¿{Â] d¨
dY ¾ËY Ã|ÀÅ{ ½Z¿ ,dY Äf§³ Y« YÌ fe ®Ë{¿
\Ì¯e ´Ë|¼Å Z] |À¿YÂeÊ» Ê]Ây Ä] `ÌeÂ¿ Á{ ¾ËY Ä¯
.|ÀËZ¼¿ |Ì·Âe Ée] kZf¿ Á ÄfY{ ÊËÓZ] ÊÂy ÉË~a
8
ª§Â» dY µÂ¼ » Z» Â¯ { Ä¯ ¶§ yM Ê°y
Ô¼ Ä¿Y{ ½| a ÃÁ{ ½{¯ ÃZeÂ¯ ¶Ì·{ Ä] Z»Y ,|ÀfÅ
ªÀ» ¾ËY Z] .{Y{ |ÀÅYÂy ½Z¿ {Ây Y Ée ¾ÌËZa {°¸¼
¿ { WS-82-9 `ÌeÂ¿ Y `ÌeÂ¿ ¾ËfÆ] ½YÂeÊ»
ÃÁ{ Z»Y ,{Y{ Ë Ê³|Ì Á ÊÅ|¸³ Äq ³Y Ä¯ d§³
Ä] Á dY Ã{¯ ¨u Âf» |u { Y {Ây Ä¿Y{ ½| a
Ä°ÀËY Ä] ÄmÂe Z] .{Y{ Ì¿ Ê]Ây Ä¿Y{ YÅ ½Á ¶Ì·{ ¾Ì¼Å
½YZ°¼Å Á {n» ÊÂ ªÌ¬ve { ÉY{ `ÌeÂ¿
{Â] f» Zu ªÌ¬ve Á (Mojarrad et al., 2009)
|À¿Z» Ã| ¯} ªÌ¬ve { `ÌeÂ¿ ¾ËY Z] ÉZÅÊ³ËÁ
ªÌ¬ve { ÊÅ|¸³Ë{ Á |À¸] ¶°¿Y|a µÂ ,{ZË ÄÂy {Y| e
.|Ë{³ Ã|ÅZ» Ì¿ Zu
¾Ì/] ¶/]Z¬f» /iY Ä/°ÀËY Ä/] Ä/mÂe Z] {°¸¼ {Â» {
ÉZ//ÅÄ//Ëne { d//Y Ã|// Y{Ê//À » Ì//v» { `//ÌeÂ¿
Ä/Ëne Á cZ¨/ Ê»Â/¼ ÉË~/a \/Ì¯e ½Y/Ì» Ä¿Z³Y|m
d¨/ Ä/¿Z³Y|m ¿Z/ËYÁ Ä/Ëne .| Ä^Zv» ½M ¿ZËYÁ
Ë{Z/¬» ½M µZ^¿{ Ä] Á Àe Á µZ»¿ ËY { Ä¿Y{ {°¸¼
Ã|/ Ä/ËYY 4 µÁ|/m { ËY/ Á{ ¾/ËY { ¾Ë|·YÁ GCA
Y{Ê/À » cÁZ/¨e Z/Å`/ÌeÂ¿ ¾Ì/] À/e ËY/ { .dY
/iY {ÁÊ» Zf¿Y ÄnÌf¿ ¾ËY Y Ä¯ Â¿Z¼Å Á |¿ Ã|ÅZ»
{ Z/»Y .{Â^¿ Y{ÊÀ » Ì¿ ÊÂy Á Ê»Â¼ ÉË~a \Ì¯e
Á Ã{Â/] Y{Ê/À » ZÌ/] cÁZ¨e ZÅ`ÌeÂ¿ ¾Ì] µZ»¿ ËY
Á `ÌeÂ¿ iY ½{Â^¿ Y{ÊÀ » .{Â] ÓZ] ZÌ] Ì¿ GCA ºÆ
Z/Å½ ËY/ ¾/ËY { Ä¯ {Y{ ½Z¿ Àe ËY { GCA
¾/ËY { ¶/Ì·{ ¾Ì/¼Å Ä] Á |¿{°¿ Y|Ìa Y {Ây ½ZÌ] d§
|/Àq /Å .d/Y ¾ÌËZ/a cZ¨ ÉË~adiYÁ ÓÂ¼ » ËY
µZ/¼Y /Âf» Àe ËZ»M ¾ËY { Ä¯ {Â Ê» ÉÁM{ZË
ÉY/] Àe ËY { ÉË~adiYÁ Á GCA iY ÅZ¯ .|
Sirault et ) dY Ã| Y³ 0Ô^« cZ¨ ´Ë{ Á {°¸¼
ËY/§Y Ä/] {/°¸¼ x/Za ,/´Ë{ cZ/^ Ä] .(al., 2008
.d/Y {ZË \Ì Z] Á Êy Ä]Y cÂ Ä] Y|f]Y [M ½YÌ»
Ã| f¼¯ \Ì ¾ËY {Á eÓZ] É|u Y [M ½YÌ» Ä¯ Ê¿Z»
{ ¶Ì·{ ¾Ì¼Å Ä] .|f§YÊ¼¿ ©Z¨eY {°¸¼ { É{ZË ÌÌ¤e Á
{ [M ½Y/Ì» { ®/qÂ¯ ÉZ/ÅÊfyYÂÀ°ËZ/¿ ,À/e ËY
{ ±/] cY/ÌÌ¤e h/Z] ,Ä/» t/ { ÃZÌ³ f{
.|/À¯Ê» {ZË Y Zy ¿ZËYÁ Á Ã| cZ¨ ´Ë{ Á {°¸¼
Á {/°¸¼ ÉË~/ad/iYÁ À/e ËY/ { ¶Ì·{ ¾Ì¼Å Ä]
1391 / µÁY ÃZ¼ /¹Á{ µZ /cÔ£ cZ¬Ì¬ve
9
ZÆ¿M F1 Á ¾Ë|·YÁ { µZ»¿ Á Àe ËY Á{ { Ä¿Y{ {°¸¼ cZ ]» ¾Ì´¿ZÌ» -4 µÁ|m
Table 4. Mean squares of grain yield at stress and normal conditions in parents and their F1
cYÌÌ¤e ]ZÀ»
S.O.V
`ÌeÂ¿
Genotype
Â¸]
Block
Zy
Erorr
GCA
SCA
É{YM Äm{
µZ»¿ ËY
Àe ËY
df
Normal condition
Stress condition
**
27
45.5
12 n
2
13.8 ns
2.6 ns
54
20.8
11.2
**
17.9 ns
10.4 ns
129.5
21.5 ns
6
21
µZ»¿ Á Àe ËY Á{ { ¾Ë|·YÁ GCA Ë{Z¬»
GCA values of parents at stress and normal conditions
`ÌeÂ¿
µZ»¿ ËY
Àe ËY
Genotype
Normal condition
Stress condition
- 0.5 ns
- 0.19 ns
3**
0.1 ns
-2.3**
- 0.01 ns
-2.3**
1.1 ns
2.9**
- 0.8 ns
- 0.05 ns
0.9 ns
- 0.86 ns
- 1.05 ns
2}M
Azar 2
ËÂ¯
Kavir
YÌ
Shiraz
ÉY{
ns
Sardari
ws-82-9
ws-82-7
ws-82-13
Non significant.
* and **
.Y{ÊÀ » Ì£ ns
Significant at 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively.
¶·MÉ{ ËZ»M Ê°Ìf¿ ÉZÅf»YZa {ÁM]
Ä] ,¶·MÉ{ ÉZÅÃ{Y{ Ê°Ìf¿ ÂÀe Ä] Â]» ÉZÅf»YZa
Ä^Zv» (Mather and Jinks, 1972) °ÀÌm Á f» Á
½ÂÌ³ y ÄnÀa {Y| e {Â» { .| ÄËYY 5 µÁ|m { Á
®Ë {| Z] \Ì cÁZ¨e Á Ã{Â] ¨ Y cÁZ¨f» Ê^Ì ÉYY{
µ|» Ä¯ dY ¾ËY Ã|ÀÅ{ ½Z¿ Ä¯ dÌ¿ Y{ÊÀ » Ì¿
dËZ¨¯ d¨ ¾ËY ÉZÅÃ{Y{ {Â» { dÌ^·Z£ -ÊËY§Y
½Z¿ Ä¯ {Â] 0/77 d¨ ¾ËY { dÌ^·Z£ Äm{ .|À¯Ê»
{ .{Â] d¨ ¾ËY µfÀ¯ { ½ ¶¼ Ê^¿ dÌ^·Z£ Ã|ÀÅ{
Á Ä¿Y{YÅ ½Á ,ÄÂy { Är¸^À {Y| e ,ÄÂy {Y| e {Â»
dËZ¨¯ dÌ^·Z£ -ÊËY§Y µ|» µZ»¿ ËY { {°¸¼
ÉY] Y{ÊÀ » ÉZf ÊaY iY {ÂmÁ µZ¼fuY Á |À¯Ê¼¿
cÂ Ä] ½YÂeÊ¼¿ ¾ËY]ZÀ] Á {Y{ {ÂmÁ cZ¨ ¾ËY µfÀ¯
.0/01 Á 0/05 t { Y{ÊÀ » \Ìee Ä]
** *
Á
\Ì¯e Ì¿ ÉY{ fe Z] ËÂ¯ `ÌeÂ¿ ,½M ] ÃÁÔ
{Y| e ËY§Y ÉY] ½YÂeÊ» Ä¯ {Y{ ½Z¿ Ê]Ây ÉË~a
Ã{Z¨fY ËÂ¯ `ÌeÂ¿ Y ,ÉY{ `ÌeÂ¿ { ZÅÄr¸^À
Å ¾Ì´¿ZÌ» ÉY] ÄÂy {Y| e Ä] Â]» (b) 1 ¶° .{¯
ÄÂy {Y| e ÉYY{ Ä¯ ÉY{ `ÌeÂ¿ Y .dY ËY Á{
ÄÂy º¯ {Y| e ½{¯ ¥] ÉY] ½YÂe Ê» dY ÊËÓZ]
{Â» { .{¯ Ã{Z¨fY WS-82-9 Á 2}M `ÌeÂ¿ Á{ {
Á WS-82-9¾Ì] ÉË~a \Ì¯e ¾ËfÌ] Ä¿Y{ YÅ ½Á
.(c 1 ¶°) dY{ {ÂmÁ YÌ Á 2}M ,ËÂ¯ ÉZÅ `ÌeÂ¿
¦Ì Ä¿Y{YÅ ½Á ¿ Y YÌ `ÌeÂ¿ Ä°ÀËY Ä] ÄmÂe Z]
Ê«Ôe ½M sÔY ÉY] Á ¾ËfÆ] | Ê» ¿ Ä] ,dY
.|Z] WS-82-9 `ÌeÂ¿ Z]
¶·MÉ{ Á Z] ½Z¿ ¹|À³ { cZ¨ Êy] gYÂe Ä ·Z» :½YZ°¼Å Á ÊÀÌ»Y
{ .{/¯ Ã{Z¨fY ËÂ¯ Á WS-82-9 ÉZÅ`ÌeÂ¿ Y ½YÂeÊ»
Ê«Ôe ½M sÔY ÉY] Ê«Ôe ¾ËfÆ] Ä¿Y{ ½|a ÃÁ{ {Â»
`/ÌeÂ¿ WS ÃÁ/³ Y Â/¼n» { .{Â/] WS-82-7 ×ËÂ¯
Ä/ËZ¬» { ËZ»M ¾ËY { .{Â] `ÌeÂ¿ ¾ËfÆ] WS-82-9
{ `/ÌeÂ¿ ¾/ËY ¦ / d¨³ ½YÂf] |ËZ ZÅ`ÌeÂ¿ ´Ë{ Z]
`ÌeÂ¿ ¾ËY .{Â] ÃZeÂ¯ ¶°¿Y|a µÂ Á º¯ ÁZ] ÄÂy {Y| e
Z/] YË .dY{ Ê]Ây ZÌ] dÌ Á ®ËÂ·ÂÀ§ cZ¨ ¿ Y
Äf/Y|¿ ÊÅZeÂ¯ ½|a ÃÁ{ Z»Y dY{ Ë ÊÅ|¸³ Ä°ÀËY
Ä/¯ ÉÂ/ Ä] Ã|¿Z¿ ¹Z¼eY Ä] Ë Y {Ây É| ÃÁ{ Á
ÃÁ{ µÂ/ Á Á 69 ¾Ë{Á/§ µÁY Y ½M É| ÃÁ{ µÂ
/¿ ¾/ËY Y Ê/³ËÁ ¾/ËY .{Â/] Á 26 ½M { Ä/¿Y{ ½|a
|/u Y Ì/] Ê/{Á ¶/Ì·{ Ä/] Z/ÅÄ/¿Y{ Ä¯ {Y{ dÌ¼ÅY
ÉZ/Å`/ÌeÂ¿ d¨³ ½YÂeÊ» Â¼n» { .|¿ÂÊ¼¿ Ã|Ì¯Áq
Ê]Â/y ÉZ/ÅÄ/z» ÉY{/ Á ËÂ¯ ,2}M |À¿Z» Ê¼Ë|«
Z/Æ¿M Y |/Ë|m ÉZ/Å`/ÌeÂ¿ sÔ/Y { ½YÂ/eÊ/» Ä¯ |¿Y{
WS ÃÁ/³ ¾Ì/] { /Ì¿ WS-82-9 `/ÌeÂ¿ .{¯ Ã{Z¨fY
Ê°/y Àe ËY { d¯ ÄÌÂe ÉY] `ÌeÂ¿ ¾ËfÆ]
.dY
ÉY´Zb
//z] Y |//À¿Y{Ê//» ¹Ó {Â//y //] Ä//·Z¬» ½Z³|//¿Z´¿
Ã/ËÁ Ä/] ~/] Á µZÆ¿ ÄÌÆe Á sÔY ÄÂ» cÔ£ cZ¬Ì¬ve
~/] ¾f/Y~³ Z/ÌfyY { ÉY/] ½Z/Ì¨n¿ {Â³ f¯{ ÉZ«M
{Â//» { ÊËZ//¼ÀÅY ¾Ì//Àr¼Å Á WS ÃÁ//³ ÉZ//Å`//ÌeÂ¿
.|ÀËZ¼¿ °e ZÅ`ÌeÂ¿ [Zzf¿Y
10
.{ ¾Ì/¼ze ¶/·M É{ Á Z/] Y Ê/°Ìf¿ ÉZÅf»YZa ªÌ«{
¶°¿Y|/a µÂ/ Ä/] Â]» ÉZÅf»YZa ´Ë{ Á ½ ¶¼ ÃÂv¿
ÉZ/Åf»YZ/a /Ì¿ 5 µÁ|/m { .{Â] ÃZÌ³ Z¨eY ÄÌ^ ZÌ]
{ Ä/¯ |Å{Ê» ½Z¿ ®Ë ÉY] Ã| Ã{ ¾Ì¼ze Ê°Ìf¿
d/Ì^·Z£ Ä/m{ .|/À¯ Ê» dËZ¨¯ dÌ^·Z£ -ÊËY§Y µ|» ½M
Ä/] f/Ì] ½ ¶/¼ |/Å{Ê/» ½Z/¿ Ä¯ {Â] ®Ë Y fÌ]
{ SCA iY Ê^¿ ½{Â]ÓZ] .dY Ã{Â] dÌ^·Z£ ©Â§ cÂ
¾/ËY Ì¿ (1µÁ|m) ¶·M É{ ÉZÅ Ã{Y{ ¿ZËYÁ ÄËne µÁ|m
µÂ Z] ®Ë ¾Ëe¶ËÂ ÉYY{ ËÂ¯ .|À¯Ê» |ÌWZe Y Äf°¿
Z/] ®/Ë ¾Ëe ÃZeÂ¯ ÉYY{ 2}M `ÌeÂ¿ Á f»Êf¿Z 8/1
.dY f»Êf¿Z 6/7 µÂ
Ä¯ µMÃ|ËY `ÌeÂ¿ ®Ë Ä¯ {Y{ ½Z¿ Ê¸¯ Â Ä] lËZf¿
|/Z] Ê°/y À/e Z/] ^e/» [Â¸» cZ¨ Ä¼Å ÉYY{
Ä/Ây fÌ] {Y| e |Ì·Âe ÉY] `ÌeÂ¿ ¾ËfÆ] .{Y|¿ {ÂmÁ
d§³ ¿ { ÉY{ Á 2 }M ÉZÅ`ÌeÂ¿ ½YÂeÊ» Y ÁZ]
½YÂ/eÊ» ,ZÅ`ÌeÂ¿ ËZ Z] ZÆ¿M SCA Ë{Z¬» Ä] ÄmÂe Z] Ä¯
sÔ/Y ÉY/] Y ËÂ¯ × 2}M Á YÌ × ÉY{ ÉZÅÊ«Ôe
{ Är¸^À/ {Y|/ e sÔ/Y ÉY/] .{/¯ {ZÆÀÌa d¨ ¾ËY
Á {/¯ Ã{Z¨fY WS-82-9 Á YÌ ,ËÂ¯ Y ½YÂeÊ» ÄÂy
Ä/¿Y{ Y/Å ½Á sÔ/Y ÉY/] .{Y{ Ê/«Ôe ÉY{ Z] Y ZÆ¿M
Ä/] Ä/mÂe Z/] Á {¯ Ã{Z¨fY WS-82-9 `ÌeÂ¿ Y ½YÂe Ê»
Y {Â/Ê/» ÄÌ/Âe Z/Å`/ÌeÂ¿ ËZ/ Z/] ½M SCA Ë{Z¬»
ÉY/] WS-82-9 × 2 }M Á WS-82-9 × ËÂ/¯ ÉZÅÊ«Ôe
ËY/§Y ÉY/] .{Â/ Ã{Z¨fY Ä¿Y{YÅ ½Á ËY§Y Á sÔY
|/¿YÂeÊ/» Ê°/y À/e Ä] ¶¼ve ¿ Y Ä¯ ¶°¿Y|a µÂ
ÉY/] .{/¯ Ã{Z¨f/Y 2}M `ÌeÂ¿ Y ½YÂe Ê» |Z] [Â¸»
Ì¿ Ä¿Y{ ½| a ÃÁ{ ¾ÌÀr¼Å Á Ê³|Ì Á ÊÅ|¸³ sÔY
1391 / µÁY ÃZ¼ /¹Á{ µZ /cÔ£ cZ¬Ì¬ve
11
b
Which wins where or which is best for what
a
Which wins where or which is best for what
Which wins where or which is best for what
d
Which wins where or which is best for what
c
e
Which wins where or which is best for what
½Á (c) (ËY Á{ ¾Ì´¿ZÌ») ÄÂy {Y| e (b) ,(ËY Á{ ¾Ì´¿ZÌ») ÄÂy { Är¸^À {Y| e (a) :cZ¨ ÉY] cÔaÉZ] Y{Â¼¿ -1 ¶°
Ê ¸ |Àq ¶yY{ ZË ZÅY { ZÅ`ÌeÂ¿ .µZ»¿ ËY { ÄnÀa {Y| e (e) Àe ËY { ®Ë µÂ (d) (ËY Á{ ¾Ì´¿ZÌ») Ä¿Y{ YÅ
WS- :W9 ,WS-82-7 :W7 ,ÉY{ SA ,YÌ SH ,ËÂ¯ KA ,2}M AZ :Y |ÀeZ^ ZÅ`ÌeÂ¿ .|¿YÄf§³ Y« ½M Y ½ÁÌ] ZÅfe Á
WS-82-13 :W13 ,82-9
Figure 1. Biplot graph for traits: (a) Spikelet number per spike (mean of two conditions), (b) Spike number
(mean of two conditions), (c) Thousand grain weight (mean of two conditions), (d) Awn length in drought stress
condition (e) Tiller number in normal condition. Genotypes are either located at corners or in polygon while
testers are outside of polygon. Genotypes consisted of: AZ, Azar2; KA, Kavir; SH, Shiraz; SA, Sardari; W7,
WS-82-7; W9, WS-82-9, W13: WS-82-13
¶·MÉ{ Á Z] ½Z¿ ¹|À³ { cZ¨ Êy] gYÂe Ä ·Z» :½YZ°¼Å Á ÊÀÌ»Y
12
½Z¿ ¹|À³ 7×7 ¶·MÉ{ s { °ÀÌm Á f» Á Z] Ã| {ÁM] Ê°Ìf¿ ÉZÅf»YZa -5 µÁ|m
Table 5. Estimated genetic parameters by Mather and Jinks method in 7×7 wheat diallel design
ÉË~a diYÁ
ÉZÀ^» ]) ÊÂy
(ÄeÂ] 10 ¾Ì´¿ZÌ»
d¨
Á ½ÂÌ³ \Ë
[¶Zu
ZÅ¶·M Ê¿YÁY§
dÌ^·Z£ Äm{
5Degree of
Allel
frequency
product
dominance
0.7
0.12
0.36
1 {|
¾Ì´¿ZÌ»
cZ ]»
½ÂÌ³
Regression
coefficient and it’s
significant
difference from 1
Regression
mean
squares
0.77
0.99 ns
17.2**
0.14
0.9
0.65 ns
1.8 ns
0.97
0.03
0.67
0.84 ns
1641**
0.97
0.03
0.72
0.93 ns
312
0.86
0.16
0.91
0.27
0.11 ns
0.8
0.12
0.8
0.33 ns
7.4 ns
0.52
0.2
1.3
0.95 ns
0.04**
0.76
0.11
0.79
0.83 ns
23
0.71
0.18
0.95
0.78 ns
20.6
0.46
0.21
1.33
1.03 ns
17
0.12
0.76
1.82
0.61 ns
13.1**
0.55
0.08
0.93
0.53 ns
4.6 ns
Narrow sense
heritability (per 10
plants mean)
Trait
ÄnÀa {Y| e
Y ½M Y{ÊÀ » cÁZ¨e
Tiller number
ÄÂy {Y| e
Spike number
ÄeÂ] Z¨eY
Plant Height
¶°¿Y|a µÂ
**
Peduncle length
ÄÂy { Är¸^À {Y| e
*
Spikelet no. per spike
Ä¿Y{YÅ ½Á
Thousand grain weight
®Ë µÂ
Awn length
ÊÅ|¸³ xËZe
**
Flowering time
Ê³|Ì ½Z»
**
Maturity time
Ä¿Y{ ½| a ÃÁ{
**
Grain filling period
Àe ËY { {°¸¼
Yield in stress condition
µZ»¿ WY { {°¸¼
Yield in normal condition
ns
*
Non significant.
**
and : Significant at 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively.
.Y{ÊÀ » Ì£ ns
.0/01 Á 0/05 t { Y{ÊÀ » \Ìee Ä] ** Á*
13
1391 / µÁY ÃZ¼ /¹Á{ µZ /cÔ£ cZ¬Ì¬ve
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Cereal Research, Vol. 2, No. 1, 2012
Inheritance of some traits in bread wheat using diallel method at
normal and drought stress conditions
Hosseinali Ramshini1Ï, Mehdi Fazel Najafabadi1 and Mohammad Reza Bihamte2
1. Assist. Prof., Dept. of Agronomy Sciences and Plant Breeding, Aburaihan Campus, Tehran
University, 3. Prof., Agriculture and Natural Resources Campus, Tehran University
(Received: August 6, 2012- Accepted: October 30, 2012)
Abstract
Breeding for drought tolerance is one of the most efficient ways for preventing yield loss in dry
conditions. Diallel method is one of the best methods for genetic evaluation of germplasm before
starting of breeding program. In this experiment seven bread wheat genotypes including old genotypes
and elite lines were crossed in a half diallel mating design. Parents and F1s were planted at stress and
normal condition in a RCBD design with three replications. In addition to pheonologic recording,
morphological traits and grain yield were measured after harvest. Analysis of variance for diallel
experiment showed that the effect of GCA effect was significant for all traits that imply there is
significant additive effect in controlling of all traits. Results showed that each genotype is good
considering one or some traits. Using biplot analysis, parents with high SCA were recognized for
different traits. For spikelets number per ear, ear number and thousand weight crosses Kavir×Shiraz,
Sardari×Shiraz and Azar2×WS-82-9 had the highest SCA. Mather and Jinks graphical analysis
showed the adequacy of additive-dominance gene action model. Degree of dominance was between
from 0 to 1 for most traits which showed the gene action is almost partial dominance. Some genotypes
like WS-82-9, Sardari and Kavir can be used for improving of traits thousand weight, ear number and
spikelets in ear in both conditions, respectively. Also WS-82-9 is an elite line that can be acceptable
genotype for dry condition.
Keywords: Gene action, General and specific combining ability, Narrow sense heritability
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

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