Chapter 13.3 GRQ The Protestant Reformation

Chapters 13.1 and 13.2
• 1. What does the word renaissance mean?
– Rebirth
– It was a time of creativity and change in political,
social, economic and cultural aspects
• How did the humanist thinking of the
Renaissance differ from medieval thinking?
– Humanist thinking focus on the “here and now”
and people of the day
– Middle Ages focused mainly on religious aspects
of life
• What two reasons made Italy a logical place
for the Renaissance to begin? (think history
and geography)
– 1. Italy was the center of the Roman Empire and
still had the old relics around to see
– 2. It’s location in terms of trade routes. Many
people from various backgrounds would come to
trade goods. This would also bring the stroies
from around the world
• What is different between the art of the
Renaissance and the Middle Ages?
– Renaissance uses perspective (3D) and realism
– Middles Ages was 2D and religious ideas
• How did the rules of perspective allow
Renaissance artists to create realistic art?
– By making distant objects look smaller than
objects that were closer. This would give it a 3D
look.
• Briefly explain some of the achievements of
Leonardo da Vinci.
– Mona Lisa
– Last Supper
– Study of Human Anatomy
– Earlry design for flying machines
• Briefly explain some of the achievements of
Michelangelo Buonarrotti.
– Statue of David
– The Pieta
– Sistine Chapel
– The Dome of St. Peter’s Cathedral
• How did Machiavelli’s writings on how to rule
differ from those of ancient writers such as
Plato?
– He did not discuss it in terms of high ideals (High
morals)
– He said that rulers need to use whatever actions
necessary to keep and maintain power
Section 13.2
• How did Johann Gutenburg’s invention of the
printing press revolutionize the world?
– Made books faster
– More books meant cheaper price
– Cheaper price means more people buying
– More people buying means higher literacy
– Higher literacy means massive spreading of ideas
and education
• What is the vernacular and who did it appeal
to?
– Vernacular means common everyday language of
the people
– It appeals to the lower classes because then they
would be able to participate and understand the
world around them
Chapter 13.3 GRQ
The Protestant Reformation
REVIEW OF ANSWERS
1. Define Indulgences
• A lessening of the time a soul would have to spend
in purgatory.
2. How did the church change the way
it granted indulgences from the
Middle Ages to the late 1400’s?
• Originally you had to earn them for your good
deeds, but eventually you could buy them
3. Who started the Protestant
Reformation and what did he
write?
• Martin Luther
• Wrote the 95 Theses
4. What are three arguments that
Luther used against indulgences in
his 95 Thesis?
• No basis for them in the Bible
• Pope had no authority to release souls from
Purgatory
• Christians could be saved only through faith
5. What did Pope Leo X do to
Luther?
• Excommunicated him
6. What did Holy Roman Emperor
Charles V do when Luther refused to
give up the idea of the 95 Theses?
• Declared him an outlaw and made it a crime to aid
him
7. What two things did Luther
want so that ordinary people
could read the Bible?
• Translate it into German
• Have all kids go to school to learn to read
8. What new invention allowed
Luther’s ideas to spread throughout
Germany and Scandinavia?
• The “moveable type” printing press
9. Did Luther support the Peasants
Revolt of 1524? Why or why not?
• No, because he favored social order and respect
for political authority
10. What did the Peace of
Augsburg do?
• Allowed each Prince – Catholic or Lutheran –
would be followed in his lands.
11. Define predestination.
• The idea that God had long ago determined who
would gain salvation.
12. Calvinists believe that people
are divided into what two groups?
• Saints and Sinners
13. Describe what life was like for
Calvin’s followers in Geneva.
• Stressed hard-work, honesty, thrift, discipline, and
morality
• Could face punishment for things such as fighting,
swearing, dancing, and laughing in church
14. Where did Calvinism take root
by the late 1500’s?
• Germany, France, the Netherlands, England, and
Scotland
• Was also the dominant religion in Switzerland
15. Where did Calvinists from
England go to avoid persecution?
• To the America’s (settlers in the 13 colonies)
13.4/13.5
• Why did early radical Anabaptists reject infant
baptism?
– Babies are to young to understand religion
• Henry VIII’s first wife was
They had a daughter named
Henry fell in love with
him to ask the Pope for a divorce.
– Catherine
– Mary Tudor
– Anne Boleyn
.
, but
leading
• Why did the Pope refuse to grant Henry VIII a
divorce from Catherine of Aragon?
– He did not want to offend the Holy Roman
Emperor Charles V, Catherine’s Nephew
• Explain the steps taken by Henry VIII to gain
control of the English Church.
– Breaks from Catholic Church
– Has Parliament pass a series of laws to make him
the head of the English Church
– Henry appointed Thomas Cranmer to run the new
church
• What did the Act of Supremacy do?
– Makes Henry (and the crown) be “the only
supreme head on Earth of the Church of England”
• The Church of England is known as the
Church.
– Anglican
• What was the main goal of Henry VIII’s son
Edward VI when he became King of England?
– To make England a Protestant nation
• How did the views of Mary Tudor differ from
those of her half-brother Edward VI?
– Edward was very Protestant
– Mary was VERY catholic
• Elizabeth I was the daughter ________and
.
– Henry VIII
– Anne Boleyn
• How did the Elizabethan Settlement largely
end decades of religious turmoil in England?
– By bringing a peace between Catholics and
Protestants by finding common ground
– Kept many of the Catholic rituals
– Kept Protestant Hierarchy of the church
• Elizabeth I firmly establish England as a
nation.
– Protestant
• What were some of the steps taken by the
Inquisition during the Catholic Reformation?
– Stopped the selling of Indulgences and made
them be earned
• What happened to Jews during the
Reformation?
– Were persecuted and moved into Ghettos
• How did ways of thinking about the universe
change during the Scientific Revolution?
– Went from a Earth Centered model to the
Heliocentric model
• Explain Copernicus’ heliocentric model of the
universe.
– The sun was the center of the universe and
everything else revolved around it
• Why did Galileo’s discoveries about the
universe cause uproar?
– Since he was able to prove Copernicus's theory, it
made many question the church since they were
the ones that said for so many years the Earth was
the center. If the church was wrong about that,
what else could they be wrong about.\
• What happened to Galileo as a result of his
discoveries?
– He was arrested and but on trial for Heresy against
the church
– Was made to take back what he said about his
discoveries
– He did so because the information was already
out there and would not matter
• What did both Francis Bacon and Rene
Descartes argue about the idea of finding
truth?
– They disagreed about how to find information
– Bacon use experiments and observation
– Descartes used the idea of Human Reasoning
• What is the Scientific Method?
– A step by step process to discover information
• What did Isaac Newton’s theory of gravity
say?
– The same force that holds us to Earth also keeps
the planets in line
– All motion can be measured and described by
math

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