Title Author(s) Citation Issue Date SOME REMARKS ON THE TAXONOMY OF THE FUNGUS HYPOCHNUS SASAKII SHIRAI Matsumoto, Takashi 札幌博物学会会報 = Transactions of the Sapporo Natural History Society, 13(3): 115-120 1934-06-20 DOI Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/64123 Right Type article Additional Information File Information Vol.13No.3_005.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP SOMEREMARKSONTHETAXONOMY OFTHEFUNGUSHYPOCHNUSSASAKIISHIRAI* BY TAKASHI MATSUMOTO { 松 本 説 ) ( W i t h2 t e x t f i g u r e s ) む の a sw e l la sbyt h ep r e s 沼n ta u t h o r < 1 4 ' , As h a sa l r e a d ybeens t a t e dbyENDO somes p e c i e sd e s i g n a t e da sR h i z o c t o n i aS o l a n iKiiHNi nP h i l i p p i n e sand I n d i aa r e a s a k i i q u i t ei d e n t i c a lw i t ht h ef u n g iwhicha r eg e n e r a l l yr e f e r r e dt oa sHypochnusS S H I R A I . Neverth 怠l e s s ,o b v i o u s l ymuch s t i l lr e m a i n st obedone r e g a r d i n gt h e モs e n tp a p e r Iam u n a b l e taxonomicr e l a t i o n s h i po ft h e s etwos p e c i e s . I nt h ep r t od i s c u s sf u l l ya b o u tt h em a t t e r ona c 怠o u n to fal i m i t e dnumbero fp a g e s ,but w i l lp e r m i t myselfo n l yt omake ab r i e fr e v i e wo ft h etaxonomyo ft h ef u n g i under c o n s i d e r a t i o n . I n myp r e v i o u sp a p e r si th a sbeenc o n f i r m e dt h a to u rf u n g i can be d i s t i n c t l ys e p a r a t e d fromt h ec a u s a lf u n g u so f“ Pockenkranl 王h e i t ”ofp o t a t ot u b e r i nc u l t u r a lc h a r a c t e r s ,h y p h a lf u s i o n ,andt e m p e r a t u問 r e l a t i o n . Thel a t t e rf u n g u s wasi s o l a t e dfromt h es u p e r f i c i a ls c l e r o t i a lmassofp o tばob l a c ks p e c k( o rb l a c k e r l i n . s c u r f )f u n g u sc o l l e c t e dbyt h ea u t h o ri n Dahle叶 B The f i r s tq u e s t i o nn a t u r a l l ya r i s e s whethero rn o tt h i sp o t a t oo r g a n i s m , r e dt ot h e i .e . No. 1 9a c c o r d i n gt o. o u rn u m e r a t i o n , canbe u n m i s t a k a b l y児島r t y p es p e c i e sR h i z o c t o n i aS o l a n id e s c r i b e dbyKuHN 仁川, i nasmucha st h eb i n o m i a l R h i z o c t o n i aS o ! a n ihasbeenusedf o ra l lt h ef u n g im o r p h o l o g i c a l l y moreo rl e s s r e s e m b l i n gt h eKftHN ’ sp o t a t op a t h o g e n . Accordingt oD u G G A R < 5 >whoc o n f e n : e d w i t hP r o f .K f t H N ,t h en o m e n c l a t o ro fR h i z o c t o n i aS o l a n i ,r e g a r d i n gt h i sd i s e a s e i nt h ew i n t e ro f1 8 9 9 1 9 0 0 ,i t wasn o t e dt h a twhen KftHNf i r s td e s c r i b e dt h e (SchorfoderGrind," d i s e a s eοfp o t a t oi nGermanyhel a i de m p h a s i s .uponas c a b“ Pod ぽe n l l a t e r termed “ throughοutt h ew o r l d . I nview o ft h ef a c t ,t h e r e f o r e ,i tseems l i k e l yt h a to u r p o t a t oorganismmaybei d e n t i c a lw i t ht h es p e c i e sd e s c r i b e dbyK f i H N . I nt h i s c o n n e c t i o n ,i ti sa l s ot on o t et h a to u rp o t a t oo r g a n i s mi sv e r yc l o s e l yr e l a t e dt o t h ec u l t u r ed e s i g n a t e da s P4 i nmyp r e v i o u sp a p e r n 3 >p u b l i s h e dw h i l e Iwasi n S t .L ο u i s , U. S .A . ,t h el a t t e rb e i n gi s o l a t e dfroms c l e r o t i ao fb l a c ks p e c ko f 問 do nt h emarketo fS t . 1心 u i s ,1 9 1 8 . p o t a t ot u b e rs e c u 骨 F r o mt h eP h y t o p a t h o l 句i c a lL a b o r a t o r y ,T a i h o k uI m p e r i a lU n i v e r s i t y ,F o r m o s a ,J a p a n . i o c . ,V o l .X I I I ,P t .3 .1 9 3 4 ] [ T r a n s .S a p p o r oN a t .日 胤 t 116 TRANSACTIONS OF THE SAPPORO NATURAL HISTORY So:IETY 意 ト F i g .1 .A ,Rhizoctonz ・ a .~·o!ani, h y p h a ea n ds c l e r o t i a lc e l l s ;B,o u rf u n g u s , h y p h a ea n ds c l e r o t i a lc e l l s .( R e d u c e dt o~ f r o mc a m e ほ l u c i da d r a w i n g s ,A p o c h .Z e . i s s . 7x4ロ ・ ) Thev e g e t a t i v ec h : i r a c t e r so ft h ef u n g u s正f y p o c h n u sS a s a k i ia r ea l m o s ts i m i l a r t ot h o s eo fR h i z o c t o n i a si nmanyr e s p e c t s . Themyceliumo ft h ef o r m e ri sc h : i r a c t e r i z e dbyac o n s t r i c t i o n wherebranchingo c c u r s , and a septumn e a rt h econs t r i c t i o n , becoming d e e p l yc o l o r e dandbranchinga p p r o x i m ' . l t e l ya tr i g h ta n g l e s t ot h emain hypha whenm a t u r e ,w h i l ei nt h eyoungers t a g ei ti sc o l o r l e s sand ) . The s c l e r o t i aa陀 ge配 r a l l y more i n c l i n e di nt h ed i r e c t i o no fgrowth ( f i g .1 o rl e s sf l a t t e n e d ,i r r e g u l a r , brown, and f a i r l yh o m o g e n e o : . i s and p : i r a p l e c t e n chymatousi ns t r u c t u r e , composing o ft h ec e l l sc o n c o l o r o c r s with t h es u r f a c e . 巴t ョt i v es t a g e ,t h ef u n 5 u s HyAlthough manys i m i l a r i t i e se x i s ti nt h eveg sd i s t i n c t l yd i佐 r e n tfromR f t i z o c t o m ・ d S o l a n ii n somemorphopochnus S a s a k i ii l o g i c a l and p h y s i o l o g i c a lc h a r a c t e r s ,s of a ra sac o m p : i r i s o ni smade between rr i c es t r a i n( N o .1 )andthepotato Rhizoctonia(No.1 9 ) . Forc : : i町 e n i e n c e , oコ some o ft h e morec o r : t r a s t i n gf e a t u r e sa s usmlly found a r eshowni nt h ef o l lowing t a b l e: Hypochnus Sasakii A. M o r p h o l o g i c a lc h a r a c t e r s( f i g .1 ) I. H yphae: 5 1I μ ,mostly6-8μ . 2. S c ! e r o t i a lc e l l s( n e a rt f t e炉 r i 少h e r y ) : 7-18x22-37μ . R h i z o < t . . o n i aSolani A. Morphological c h : i r a : : : t e r s I. H yphae: 7-13μ , mostly 8 -12p . . 2. S d e r o t i a lc e l l s( d o . ) : 15-26×26-50μ . MATSUMOTO: O N THE TAXONOMY OF め' f o e h n t t sS a s a k i i 1 1 7 B. P h y s i o l o g i c a lc h a r a c t e r s B. P h y s i o l o g i c a lc h a r a c t e r s On会h eη: o lγe d C z α r p e k ' sα g α γ: Mostoft h es t r a i n se x h i b i t“ Peach r“ S c a r l e t” i n 7d a y s , r e d” o showingi n c r e a s e da l k a l i n i t y . 2. On b r o m c r e s o l抑 r p l e D u g g a 〆s α z α γ: A f t e r 8 days a l lt h ec u l t u r e sb e come “ Mustardyellow" on a c counto ft h es h i f t i n gt oa c i ds i d e . I. I. 3・ Onαη£ ; £ !机 eb l u e -C z a p e k ' sα i g a r : A moderately s t r o n g growth i n a l lt h ec u l t u r e s . 4 . Ont a n n £ cαc i d p o t α ,t oα g αr : More o rl e s st o l e r a n tt ot h ea c i d . 5 . F u s i o no fh y p l i a e : Fusion t a k e sp l a c e between any s t 1 τ百 L i n so fH ypochnus S α s αk i i . 6 . T e m p e r a t u r er e l a t i o n: Thesea r er a p i d g r o w i n gf u n g i ,g i v i n g most l u x u r i a n t growth i n2 days a t 28-3I。 c . Onp h e n o lr e d C 》a p e k ' sa g a r : T h i sc u l t u r ebecomes“ B i t t e r s w e e t orange , ” thusshowingl e s sa l k a l i n e thant h ef o r m e r . On b r o m c r e s o l pu ヴ'l e D z 必' l { t r r ' s a g a r : This c u l t u r e becomes “ Antimony yellow , ” thus showing s l i g h l y l e s sa c i dt h a nt h ef o r m e r . 3 . Ona n i l i n eb l u e C 》a p e k ’ sa g a r : T h i sf u n g u si sv e r ys e n s i t i v et o t h ed y e . 4 . Ont a m z i ca c i d -C》a p e k ' sagar: Verys e n s i t i v et ot h ea c i d . 5 . 乃t s i o ne fめア加に Nof u s i o nt a k e sp l a c ei nc r o s st e s t s w i t h any o ft h ef o r m e r . 6 . T t T h i s i s a slow-growing f u n g u s, showingnomarkedd i 白e r e n c ei n tt e r n growthevena f t e r2 daysa p e r a t u r e s223I0C .Theoptimum i slowert h a nt h a to ft h ef o r m e r . 2. ρmvf I nadditiont ot h e s ef a c t s ,i ti sa l s o t on o t et h a td i r e c ta t t a c k ofl e a v e sby R l z i z o c t o n i aS o l a n ii sr a t h e ri n f r e q u e n t witht h ee x c e p t i o n of such p l a n t sa s l e t t u c e ,c a b b a g e ,e t c . , wherea? i n our c a s el e a v e sa r emoref r e q u e n t l ya t t a c k e d by t h ef u n g u s . A comparison o ft h e two s p e c i e s i nt h ep e r f e c ts t a g ea l s or e v e a l s some d i f f e r e n c e s ,p r o v i d e dC o r t i c i u mvagum B .& C .d e s c r i b e d by BURT<~> i st h e F i g .2 . C o r t i e 加' ! lv agumか t p p e r ) ,× 800. a ,f r o ms p e c i m e no np o t a t o;c ,f r o m s p e c i m e no ne a r t h;d ,f r o ms p e c i m e no nw o o d . ( R e p r o d u c e df r o m B u R T l 4 > )O u rf u n g u s( l o w e r ) ,x500. ( S . HIRANE d e ! . ) け ~ T R A N S A C T I O N SO FT H ES A P P O R ONATURALH I S T O R YS o c J E τ y I I 8 p e r f e c ts t a g eo fR h i z o c t o n i aS o l a n i . Fori n s t a n c e ,t h e number o fb a s i d i o s p o r e s o f r t i c i ・ umvagum v a r i e s from 4 t o6 , thoughi nt h ei l l u s t r a t i o n of RoLFs ( r e p r o d u c e d by Gussm が の ) t h eb a s i d i aa r e2t o4 s t e r i g r n a t e d , wl 町 e a si n our c a s et h eb a s i d i o s p o r e s vary from 2 t o 4 on each b a s i d i u r n , and a r es l i g h t l y s h o r t e r but broader t h a nt h e former ( f i g .2 ) . The c h a r a c t e r i s t i cf e a t u r e sa s d e s c r i b e d by s e v e r a li n v e s t i g a t o r sa r e shown i nt h ef o l l o w i n gt a b l e: ο Hyp 配 h m. 臼 rgum C o r t z c i u m℃α S αs a k i i S A W A D A ( l S ) IIKATA& 酌OM Thea u t h o r C U ) B a s i d i a : J o 1 0 2 0X7 . 5 II( 1 0 1 5x7 9( J o 5 . 6 1 2x5 8( J o 1 0 1 6x 8 9μ S t e r i g m a : 6 1 6 μ , 4 6s t e r i g m a t e d 4 . 5 7x2 3μ . 2 4s t e n g m a t e d 2 ・ 5 8 . 4x0 . 8 2 . 8μ 5 8X 2 ; 2 2・ 7μ , 2 4s t e r i g m at e d E a s i d i o s p o r e s: 8 1 4x4 6μ 8 ・E1 x5・6 . 5件 6 . 5 8 . 4x4 . 8 8 . 4μ 6 r ox4 7件 !仰 I ti sa l s ot on o t et h a tw h i l e Iwasworking with R h i z o c t o n i aS o l a n ii nS t . ,o r i g i n a t e d from C o r t i c i u r ns t a g e on l i r n a Louis Ifound t h a t as t r a i n ,i . e . B3* beans grewb e t t e ra t lowert e m p e r a t u r e s( c a .24° C .) . Thistemperaturer e l a t i o n i sa p p a r e n t l yd i任e r e n tfrom t h a to fourf u n g i and r a t h e rr e f e r a b l et ot h a to fO~Ir No. 1 9s t r a i n( R . んi z o c t o n i aS o l a n i ) . Although t h em o r p h o l o g i c a ld i民 r e n c e s between t h e s e two f u n g ii nt h e p e r f e c ts t a g ea r en o ts u日c i e n tenought ow a r r a n t ac l a s s i f i c a t i o no four fung~1s a sad i s t i n c ts p e c i e s ,i njudging from t h ev e g e t a t i v ec h a r a c t e r so f ourf u n g : . i s o r t £ c i u mvagum, and shouldbes e p a r a t e d t h i s cann o tbei n c l u d e di nt h es p e c i e sC from t h el a t t e ra sa d i s t i n c ts p e c i e sr a t h e rt h a na s ab i o l o g i cf o r m . I nt h i sc o n n e c t i o ni t may be n e c e s s a r yt o make a b r i e fr e v i e w regardin~ t h es p e c i e s砂 i p o c h n u sS . ぬ£ n (C o r t i c i u mS o l a n i ) ,s i n c et h i sb i n o m i a l has been h i z o c t o n i aS o l a n i by s e v e r a li n v e s t i g a t o r s ,p a r t i c u l a r l y by European used f o rR w o r k e r 8 l '1 1 > . The s p e c i e s concerned was f i r s td e s c r i b e d by PRILLIEUX and DELACROIXi n1 8 9 1 ,abouttwodeca仁l e sa f t e rC o r t i c i ・ umvagumhadbeen r e p o r t e d , a s ac a u s a l fungus onp o t a t os t e m , although no c o n n e c t i o nwass u s p e c t e dwith Rhi ・ z o c t o n i aS o l a n i , already known t o occuri n Europe. The d i a g n o s i s oft h e ョr i s o ncould h a r d l y be made fungus was s oi m p e r f e c t l yd e s c r i b e d ,t h a t a comp s a t i s f a c t o r i l y except t h a tt h eb a s i d i o s p o r e s appeart o agree more c l o s e l y with t h o s eo fo u r s ,a sf a ra s can bejudged from t h emeasurement oft h es p o r e s c 1 7 ' . *T h i sm a t e r i a lw a se x a m i n e db yD r .BURTa n dd e t e r m i n e dt ob ei d e n t i c a lw i t hCorticiumv a , 1 , r i : m . ( c f .t h ep a p e r ( 1 3 ) 入 M A T S U M O T O : ONT H ET A X O N O M YO F巧pochnusSasaldi I1 9 Asam a t t e ro ff a c t ,h o w e v e r ,i ti st on o t et h a tt h es p e c i e sC o r t i c i m nS o l a n i e s c r i b e dbyB R 0 0 K s < 2 >h a sb a s i d i o s p o r e smeasuring8・14x ( H y p o c ! t n u sS o ! a n i )d e r f e c t l ya g r e e sw i t ht h a to ft h eBURT ’ sC o r t i c i m nvagum. More 4-6μ whichp r e c e n t l y ,i nr e g a r dt ot h en o m e n c l a t u r e o ft h ep e r f e c t form o ft h ep o t a t o R h i z o c t o n i aB R A U N ( t >n o t i c e st h a ti ti sn o ty e tq u i t ec e r t a i nwhethert h ef u n g u s s h o u l d ber e g a r d e da saHypochnuso raC o r t i c i u m ,o rwhethert h es p e c i f i cname s h o u l d bevagumo rS o l a n i . Howevert h a tmayb e ,i nviewo ft h eo p i n i o n s g i v e nbymanyi n v e s t i g a t o r supt ot h ep r e s e n tt i m e ,i tseemsl i k e l yt h a t再y p o c h n u s sc o n s i d e r e dt obe i d e n t i c a lw i t hC o r t i c i u mvagum. S o ! a n ii Thent h enexta t t e n t i o ni sd i r e c t e dt ot h eq u e s t i o nwhether o rn o tt h e r e n a r eanyo t h e rs p e c i e sb e a r i n g ac l o s e rr e s e m b l a n c et ot h ep r e s e n tf u n g u s . I viewo ft h el i t e r a t u r ea v a i l a b l ea tp r e s e n ti twouldseem t h a tourf u n g u si sv e r y c l o s e l yr e l a t e dt oC o r t i c i u mS t e v e n s i iBURT 仏 明 (o rC o r t i c i u mk o l e r o g a(CooKE) v .HδHN. a c c o r d i n gt o WOLFandB A c t t ( 2 0 > ) , ac a u s a lf u n g u so f hypochnoseo f pomaceousp l a n t s ,C i t r u s ,c r o t o n s ,r o s e s ,e t c . Thef u n g u s οr t z ・ ciumS t e v e n s i ii s c h 3 . r a c t e r i z e dbyh a v i n gr o u n d i s ho roblongs c l e r o t i au s u a l l y3o r4m mi nd i a m e t e r and c h e s t n u tbrowni nc o l o r , composed o fcompactlywovenmasses o fs w o l l e n i r r e g u l a rhyphae whicha r e homogeneoust h r o u g h o u tt h et i s s u e s ,d i r t yp i n k i s h b u f f ,membranaceousf r u c t i f i c a t i o n sw i t hs p o r e smeasuring 1 0 . 5 1 1 . 6×4・ 7 5 . 8μ (STEVENS & H A L L ( l 吋 or 8寸 IX 3-4μ (BURT刊 ) , and mycelial rhizomorphic s t r u c t u r e se x t e n d i n gl e n g t h w i s eo ft h et w i g sandp e t i o l e s . Fromt h ed e s c r i p t i o n s i twould seem t h a tt h i sf u n g u ssomewhatd i佐 r sfrom o u r si nh a v i n gc h a r a c t e r i s t i cr h i z o m o r p h i cs t r u c t u r e s ,i np r o d u c i n gs c l e r o t i amostly on t w i g s , and i n h o s tr e l a t i o n . However,botha r ev e r yc l o s e l yr e l a t e dt oeacho t h e ri n Rhizoc t o n i a l i k e hyphaln a t u r e ,s c l e r o t i a ls t r u c t u r e ,f r u c t i f i c a t i o n ,modeo fp e n e t r a t i o n , andi nr e l a t i o nt ot e m p e r a t u r e and h u m i d i t y . As r e g a r d st h em a t t e rs t u d i e s a r es t i l li np r o g r e s s ,s ot h a tf u r t h e ro b s e r v a t i o n sw i l lbep u b l i s h e dl a t e r . I n c o n c l u s i o n I may say t h a ti t wouldbeb e t t e rt onameo u rf u n g u sC o r t i c i u m S a s a k i l . 1 5 >i n s t e a do fHypochnus S a k a k i iu n t i lf u r t h e ra l t e r a t i o ni sn e e d e d . B i b l i o g r a p h y ( 1 )B R A U NH.: D e rW u r z e l t o t e rd e rK a r t o 偽 IR h i z o c t o n i aS o l a n iK .M o n o g r .z u mP f l a n z e n s c h u t z 9 3 0 .( c ι R . A . M .9: 7 3 9・ 1 9 3 0 ) 5 ,1 3 6・ P .・1 ( 2 )B R O O K S ,E . T . :P l a n tdi民 a s e s .p p .2 6 3 2 6 5 ・1 9宜8 . ( 3 )B U R T ,E .A . :T h eT h e l e p h o r a c e a eo fN o r t hA m e r i c a .I .A n n .M o .B o t .G a r d e nI:1 8 5 2 2 8 . 1 9 1 4 ・ { 4 )一 一 ー 一 一 一 ・ zTheThelephoraceaeo fN o r t hA m e r i c a .X V .C o r t i c i u m .I b i d .1 3:2 9 5 2 9 8 . 1 9 2 6 . TRANSACTIONSOFTHESAPPORONATURALHISTORYSOCIETY 120 { 5 ) DUGGAR,B .M.: R h i z o c t o n i aCrocorum( P E R S . )DC.andR .S o l a n iKUhn( C o r t i c i u mvagumB . &C . )w i t hn o t e sono t h e rs p e c i e s .I b i d .2:4 0 3 4 5 8 . 1 9 1 5・ ( 6 ) E : m o ,S . : Ont h eS c l e r o t : u md i s e a s eo fr i c ep l a n t si nt h eP h i l i p p i n e s . ( A r t i c l ei nJ a p a n e s e ) J o u r .P l a n tP r o t e c t . 14:2 8 3 2 8 8 .1 9 2 7 . Alsoi nNogyo ・ kenkyu14:ト 3・ 1 9 3 0 . ( 7 ) ERIKSSON,J ・ 2 DjeP i l z k r a n k h e i t e nd e rl a n d w i r t s c h a f t l i c h e nK u l t u r g e w a c h s e . IT e i ! .p p . 1481 5 0 . 1 9 2 7 . ( 8 ) F o R S T E N E I C H l ' I E R ,F . : D:eJ u g e n d k r a n k h e i t e nd e rBaumwollei nd e rT i i r k e i . P h y t o p a t h .Z e i t s c h r .3:3 6 7 ・417 ・ 1931. ( 9 ) Gussow,H.T.: B e i t目 gz u rKenntnisd e sK a r t o f f e l G r i n d e s .C o r t i c i u m vagum B .e tC .v a r . S o l a n iBURT. Z e i t s c h r .f .P f l a n z e n k r . 16:1 3 5 1 3 7 ,T a f .V I I I . 1 9 0 6 . 臥 T A ,S .andHrrmu,T.: On t h emodeo fp r i m a r yi n f e c t i o nt h r o u g hs c l e r o t i a and r i e l d ( 1 0 ) I o b s e r v a t i o n sont h eb a s i d i o s p o r ef o r m a t i o ni nHypochnusS a s a k i iS h i r a io fr i c ep l a n t . 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