Instructions for use Title SPORE-SIZE VARIABILITY IN

Title
Author(s)
Citation
Issue Date
SPORE-SIZE VARIABILITY IN SUBSEQUENT SPORE
PRINTS OF SOME HYMENOMYCETOUS FUNGI
Togashi, Kogo; Oda, Kojiro
札幌博物学会会報 = Transactions of the Sapporo Natural
History Society, 13(3): 121-125
1934-06-20
DOI
Doc URL
http://hdl.handle.net/2115/64122
Right
Type
article
Additional
Information
File
Information
Vol.13No.3_006.pdf
Instructions for use
Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP
SPORESIZEVARIABILITYINSUBSEQUENTSPORE
PRINTSOFSOMEHYMENOMYCETOUS FUNGI
国
BY
KOGO TOGASHI AND KOJIRO ODA
〈富樫治吾・
4、岡耕次郎〉
Spores
i
z
ec
o
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
e
s ani
m
p
o
r
t
a
n
tc
r
i
t
e
r
i
o
nf
o
rd
i
s
t
i
n
g
u
i
s
h
i
n
gt
h
es
p
e
c
i
e
s
ofa
l
m
o
s
ta
l
lf
u
n
g
i
,andi
nt
u
r
nt
h
en
o
n
c
o
i
n
c
i
d
e
n
c
eo
fs
p
o
r
e measurementsmay
o
f
t
e
nl
e
a
dt
h
ei
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
o
r
st
od
i
v
e
r
g
e
n
to
p
i
n
i
o
n
sa
st
oc
l
a
s
s
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
. As t
o
t
h
ev
a
r
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
y owingt
oe
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
,m
a
t
u
r
i
t
y
,e
t
c
.
,t
h
e
r
ea
r
e many d
a
t
aa
c
cumulatingi
nm
y
c
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l andp
h
y
t
o
p
a
t
h
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
ll
i
t
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
. B
u
t
,a
sf
a
ra
st
h
e
w
r
i
t
e
r
sc
o
u
l
da
s
c
e
r
t
a
i
n
,no r
e
p
o
r
t
swhich d
e
m
o
n
s
t
r
a
t
es
p
o
r
ev
a
r
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
yo
f hymenomycetousf
u
n
g
icaused by t
h
er
e
p
e
t
i
t
i
o
no
fs
p
o
r
ep
r
i
n
t
i
n
gw
i
t
ht
h
e same
p
i
l
e
u
s have been p
u
b
l
i
s
h
e
de
x
c
e
p
tt
h
a
to
f ZELLERand t
h
es
e
n
i
o
rw
r
i
t
e
ro
f
R
,S
. M. and TOGASHI, K.: The American and J
a
p
a
n
e
s
e
t
h
i
spaper (ZE比 E
M
a
t
s
u
t
a
k
e
s
. Nowi
np
r
e
s
s
)
. A
f
t
e
rh
a
v
i
n
gmadeb
i
o
m
e
t
r
i
cs
t
u
d
i
e
stheyp
o
i
n
t
e
d
r
m
i
l
l
a
r
i
a Matsutake !Toe
tI
M
A
I become somewhat
out t
h
a
tt
h
es
p
o
r
e
so
fA
s
m
a
l
l
e
randrounderi
nt
h
el
a
t
e
rs
p
o
r
ep
r
i
n
t
s
,anda
l
s
ot
h
a
tt
h
er
a
n
g
eo
fv
a
r
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
yo
fs
p
o
r
es
i
z
e
sbecomesn
a
r
r
o
w
e
r
. I
ti
st
h
eo
b
j
e
c
to
ft
h
i
sp
a
p
e
rt
oi
n
q
u
i
r
e
whethert
h
i
stendencyi
ns
p
o
r
es
i
z
e
s mayo
c
c
u
ri
nt
h
eo
t
h
e
rc
a
s
e
so
fhymeno・
mycetousf
u
n
g
io
u
t
s
i
d
eA. .
l
l
f
a
t
s
u
t
a
k
e
.
Fort
h
epurpose o
ft
h
i
ss
t
u
d
yf
r
e
s
hm
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
so
ft
h
ef
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g hymenomycetousf
u
n
g
iwere s
e
l
e
c
t
e
d;namelyA
r
m
i
l
l
a
r
i
aw 伽（VAHL.)FR.，めJ
j
J
h
o・
lomas
u
b
l
a
t
e
r
i m ScHAEFF., 1功o
l
i
o
FR.
As u
s
u
a
li
ng
e
t
t
i
n
gs
p
o
r
ep
r
i
n
t
s
, af
u
l
l
yd
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
dp
i
l
e
u
sfrom whicht
h
e
stem hadbeen removed was p
l
a
c
e
dw
i
t
ht
h
eg
i
l
l
s downward on a s
h
e
e
to
f
paper and wascovered withab
e
l
lg
l
a
s
st
o keep t
h
ea
i
rfrom blowing t
h
e
s
p
o
r
e
s away. J
u
s
t onedayl
a
t
e
rt
h
ec
o
v
e
r
i
n
gand t
h
ep
i
l
e
u
s wereremoved.
Thus, fromt
h
e same p
i
l
e
u
sf
o
u
rs
p
o
r
ep
r
i
n
t
s
, one p
e
rd
a
y
, were o
b
t
a
i
n
e
da
t
t
h
er
e
g
u
l
a
rt
i
m
e
s
, andt
h
es
p
o
r
e
s from t
h
ep
r
i
n
twere u
s
e
df
o
rmeasurements
nmeasuringt
h
es
p
o
r
e
sb
i
o
m
e
t
beingmountedi
nwaterd
r
o
p
sonag
l
a
s
ss
l
i
d
e
. I
r
i
cc
o
n
s
t
a
n
t
s were c
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
e
d byt
h
eassumed mean method. Thef
o
r
m
u
l
a
e
n
n
z
l
l
a
r
i
aM
a
t
s
u
t
a
k
e
.
usedwere t
h
esamea
si
nt
h
ec
a
s
eo
fA
Ther
e
s
u
l
t
so
ft
h
emeasurementsw
i
l
lbeshowni
nt
h
eaccompanyingt
a
b
l
e
s
.
a
t
.H
i
s
t
.S
o
c
.
,V
o
l
.X
I
I
I
,P
t・3
,1934J
[
T
r
a
n
s
.SapporoN
TRANSACTIONS OFTHESAPPORO NATURALHISTORY SoCJETY
122
i
o
m
e
t
r
i
cd
a
t
aont
h
el
e
n
g
t
h and widthofeach mos
p
o
r
e
s
Table I. B
fromt
h
e same p
i
l
e
u
so
fA
n
n
i
l
l
a
r
i
am
e
.
ルa
Length i
n microns
~~~~ i 5
I
s
l
6
7
8
9
II
Mean
Standard
d
e
v
i
a
t
i
o
n
Coe
伍c
i
e
n
tof
v
a
r
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
ICO
.
0
6
7
.
6
0土 0
0・
92士0
.
0
4
.
5
8
I
Z
.
2
0土 0
.
0
5
6
.
7
0土 0
0
.
7
6士0
.
0
3
IE・
46士0・
54
1
3
JOO
6
.
7
1士
口.
0
4
o
.
6
8土 0
.
0
3
9
.
8
7土 0・
47
1
3
100
.
0
4
6
.
6
3士0
0
.
7
0土 0
.
0
3
5
'
l
1
0
.
5
9士0・
27
35
46
18
3rd
42
45
4th
50
37
I
Total
100
1
4
46
nd
宮
IO
宮
Width i
nmicrons
Spore
p
r
r
n
t
3
I
s
t
I
2nd
3rd
Mean
日t
andard
d
e
v
i
a
t
i
o
n
Coe
侃c
i
e
n
to
f
v
a
r
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
5
6
39
59
I
100
.
0
3
4
.
6
0土 0
0・
52土 0
.
0
2
.
5
3
I
l
.
3
3土 0
89
II
100
.
口2
4
.
1z土 o
0
.
3
1士O
.
O
I
36
7
.
6
1土 0・
3
2
IOO
.
0
1
4
.
0
3土 0
.
0
1
0
.
1
7土 0
4
.
2
3土 0
.
2
0
100
4
口
・2士0
.
0
1
.
0
1
0
.
1
4土 0
3・
48土 0
.
1
6
97
98
4th
T
o
t
a
l
4
Table 2. B
i
o
m
e
t
r
i
cd
a
t
aont
h
el
e
n
g
t
hand width ofeach100s
p
o
r
e
s
from t
h
e samep
i
l
e
u
so
fP
h
o
l
i
o
t
aa
d
.
タ・
o
s
a
Length i
n microns
Spore
prmt
6
7
8
9
IO
4
I
T
o
t
a
l
Mean
Standard
d
e
v
i
a
t
i
o
n
C
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
tof
v
a
r
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
I
O・
5宜土0・
50
1
s
t
1
2
33
50
100
.
0
5
7
.
4
8土 0
0・
78土 0
.
0
4
2nd
54
43
3
100
6
.
4
9土 0
.
0
4
.
0
3
055土 0
8
.
5
7土 0・
41
3rd
55
42
IOO
6
.
4
8土 0
.
0
4
0・
5
5土 0
.
0
3
8
.
5
8土 0
.
4
1
4th
64
3
34 2
100
.
0
4
6
.
3
8土 0
0
.
5
2土 0
.
0
3
8
.宮Z土 0
.
3
9
nmicrons
Width i
prmt
4
5
6
T
o
t
a
l
Mean
1
s
t
44
100
53
3
2nd
100
59土0・
04
4・
3rd
100
100
4th
100
100
JOO
Standard
d
e
v
i
a
t
i
o
n
0
.
5
4土 0
.
0
3
Coe
伍c
i
e
n
tof
v
a
r
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
日
・97土 0
.
5
7
TOGASHI& ODA: SPORE-SIZEVARIABILITYI
NSUBSEQUENTSPOREPRINTS
123
Table 3
. B
i
o
m
e
t
r
i
cd
a
t
aont
h
el
e
n
g
t
handw
i
d
t
ho
fe
a
c
h100s
p
o
r
e
s
fromt
h
esamep
i
l
e
u
so
f再汐＇holomas
u
b
l
a
t
e
r
i
t
z
"
u
m
Length i
nm
i
c
r
o
n
s
~~~
3
4
5
6
1
s
t
3
64
20
100
2
1
100
1
3
100
8
JOO
2nd
4
1
3
18
3rd
4
19
57
64
5
章
。
67
4th
T
o
t
a
l
Standard
d
e
v
i
a
t
i
o
n
白e
伍c
i
e
n
to
f
5
.
0
1土0
.
0
4
0
.
6
7土0
.
0
3
3
8土0
.
6
3
1
3・
.
0
4
4
.
9
5土0
・
94土0
.
7
1
1
4
4.86±0.04
0・
73土0・
03
o
.
6
8土0
.
0
3
78土0
.
0
4
4・
.
0
3
0
.
6
5土0
74土0
.
6
5
1
3・
Mean
v
a
r
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
1
4
.
l
l土0
.
6
7
Width i
nm
i
c
r
o
n
s
~~~~
3
4
宮9
宮E
JOO
JOO
JOO
JOO
Standard
d
e
v
i
a
t
i
o
n
伍c
i
e
n
to
f
O>e
v
a
r
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
3
.
2
9土0
.
0
3
0
.
4
5土0
.
0
2
.
0
3
3
.
2
1土0
0・
40土0
.
0
2
13・
79土0
.
6
5
.
6
0
1
2
.
6
8土0
3
.
1
6土o
.
白書
0・
3
7土ロ.
o宮
J
I
.
6
0土0・
55
3・
1
4土0
.
0
2
35土0
.
0
2
0・
ロ.
0
2土0・
52
Mean
1
s
t
71
2nd
79
3rd
8
4
1
6
4th
86
14
Table4
. B
i
o
m
e
t
r
i
cd
a
t
aont
h
el
e
n
g
t
handw
i
d
t
ho
fe
a
c
h100s
p
o
r
e
s
fromt
h
esamep
i
l
e
u
so
fG砂b
i
a切 l
u
t
z
'
p
e
s
Lengthi
nmicrons
~~： I
1
s
t
宮nd
3rd
・ 4th
一
7
8
54 28
54 23
14 63 21
3
I
5
6
57
量7
Me
唱n
Standard
d
e
v
i
a
t
i
o
n
伍c
i
e
n
to
f
Coe
v
a
r
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
100
6
.
1
9土0
.
0
5
0
.
7
1土0
.
0
3
u.58土0・
55
6
.
0
3士0
.
0
5
0
.
7
0土0・
03
u.59土0・
55
量
J
O
。
＇
JOO
6
.
JE士0
.
0
4
0
.
6
4土ロ.
0
3
1
0
・
58土0・
50
7
100
6
.
3
宮土 0
.
0
5
0・
73土0
.
0
3
55
J
I
.
6
0土0・
1
5
宮Z
9
T
o
t
a
l
Widthi
nm
i
c
r
o
n
s
Standard
d
e
v
i
a
t
i
o
n
Coe
侃c
i
e
n
to
f
v
a
r
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
~~~；
2
3
T
o
t
a
l
Mean
I
s
t
70
30
宮E
JOO
・
宮30土0
.
0
3
045土0
.
0
2
1
9
・
gz土0
.
9
5
100
2
.
宮Z土0
.
0
3
.
1
9
0
.
4
0士0
.
8
8
1
8
.
4
2土o
宮5
100
.
0
3
2
.
z
5土0
0
.
4
3土o
.
白書
1
9
虫
・4土0・
92
1
7
lCO
宮.
1
7土0
.
0
3
.o
・
37土0
.
0
3
・
3
1土0
.
8
3
1
7
宮nd
3rd
4th
79
75
83
T
R
A
N
S
A
C
T
I
O
N
SO
FT
H
ES
A
P
P
O
R
ON
A
T
U
R
A
LH
I
S
T
O
R
YS
O
C
l
l
I
T
Y
124
i
o
m
e
t
r
i
cd
a
t
aont
h
el
e
n
g
t
handwidtho
feachJOOs
p
o
r
e
s
T
a
b
l
e
. 5・ B
o
l
!
y
b
i
av
e
l
u
t
.
がe
s(
c
u
l
t
u
r
e
d
)
fromt
h
esamep
i
l
e
u
so
fC
L
e
n
g
t
hi
nm
i
c
r
o
n
s
p
r
i
n
t
5
6
7
8
1
s
t
2
n
d
3
r
d
4
t
h
7
1
6
1
6
7
5
9
4
9
5
1
5
5
2
5
2
9
2
8
3
0
6
5
8
9
1
0
0
E
口
口
M
e
a
n
S
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
d
e
v
i
a
t
i
o
n
Coe
伍c
i
e
n
to
f
6
.
3
6土口.
0
5
6
.
2
5土0
.
0
5
6
.
2
2土0 0
5
6
.
3
9土0
.
0
5
0
.
7
4土0
.
0
4
0
.
7
9土0
.
0
4
・
7
6土0
.
0
4
0
0
.
7
3土0
.
0
3
I
l
.
6
6土0
・
5
6
1
2
.
6
7土0
.
6
0
1
2・
3
6土0
.
5
0
)
I
E
・
4
7土0
・
5
ヨ
M
e
a
n
S
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
d
e
v
i
a
t
i
o
n
Coe
伍c
i
e
n
to
f
1
8士0
.
0
3
2
.
2
8土0
.
0
3
3
2
.
1
8土白田0
宮.
1
5土0
.
0
2
・
3
8土0
.
0
2
0
0
・
4
4土0
.
0
2
0
・
3
8士0
・
0
2
.
0
2
0
.
3
5土0
1
7
.
6
2土0
.
8
4
1
9
.
6
9土0
.
9
4
.
8
.
J
1
7
.
6
2土o
1
6
.
6
0士0
.
7
9
v
a
r
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
¥
V
i
d
t
hi
nm
i
c
r
o
n
s
p
r
i
n
t
ぉt I
2
n
d
3
r
d
4
t
h
宮
8
2
7
2
8
2
8
5
3
1
8
2
8
1
8
1
5
I
O
コ
1
0
0
1
0
0
JOO
宮
v
a
r
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
Asa
l
r
e
a
d
ymentionedi
nt
h
ec
a
s
eo
fA
r
m
i
l
l
a
r
i
aMatsutaket
h
es
p
o
r
edimens
i
o
n
s
,e
s
p
e
c
i
a
l
l
yt
h
el
e
n
g
t
h
,o
ft
h
ef
o
u
r
・f
u
n
g
i usedbecome s
m
a
l
l
e
r and cons
e
q
u
e
n
t
l
yt
h
es
p
o
r
e
s become rounder i
n shape w
i
t
ht
h
er
e
p
e
t
i
t
i
o
n
s of s
p
o
r
e
p
r
i
n
t
i
n
gw
i
t
ht
h
esamep
i
l
e
u
s
. I
nC
o
l
l
y
δi
av
e
l
u
砂町 however,t
h
i
s tendencywas
n
o
ts
oc
o
n
s
p
i
c
u
o
u
s and even i
n somei
n
s
t
a
n
c
e
st
h
es
p
o
r
e
s were s
l
i
g
h
t
l
yg
r
e
a
t
e
r
i
nl
e
n
g
t
ho
ri
n width (
T
a
b
l
e
s 4 and 5
)
. Themosts
t
r
i
k
i
n
gd
e
c
r
e
a
s
ei
n spo
肥
d
i
m
e
n
s
i
o
n
s was observed i
nP
h
o
l
i
・
o
t
aa
d
i
p
o
s
a showing an extreme d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
betweent
h
e means c
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
e
d on t
h
es
p
o
r
e
sfromt
h
ef
i
r
s
tandf
o
u
r
t
hp
r
i
n
t
sof
I
.IOμ i
nl
e
n
g
t
h and0・58f
li
nwidth (
T
a
b
l
e 2)
. I
nt
h
ec
a
s
e
so
fArm.
グ'
Z
a
r
i
a
y
p
h
o
!
o
m
as
u
b
!
a
t
e
r
i
t
i
u
mt
h
eextremed
i
民r
e
n
c
e
sofl
e
n
g
t
handwidth
m
e
l
!
e
aand正{
were0・
97μand0・58μ (Table1
)
, and 0
.
2
3f
1and0
.
1
5f
1(
Table3
)
,r
e
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
.
I
ti
so
fi
n
t
e
r
e
s
tanda
l
s
onoteworthyt
h
a
ti
nt
h
etwoc
a
s
e
s
,offう~oliota a
d
i
p
o
s
a
and A
r
m
z
l
!
a
r
i
am
e
!
!
e
a
,t
h
es
p
o
r
e
s from t
h
e second p
r
i
n
t showed an abrupt
d
e
c
r
e
a
s
ei
nd
i
m
e
n
s
i
o
n
scompared w
i
t
ht
h
o
s
efromt
h
ef
i
r
s
tp
r
i
n
tanda
f
t
e
rt
h
a
t
ag
r
a
d
u
a
ld
e
c
r
e
a
s
etookp
l
a
c
e
. One morei
n
t
e
r
e
s
t
i
n
gf
a
c
ti
st
h
a
ti
nt
h
e subs
e
q
u
e
n
ts
p
o
r
ep
r
i
n
t
so
ft
h
ef
o
u
rf
u
n
g
it
h
ev
a
r
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
yofs
p
o
r
ed
i
m
e
n
s
i
o
n
s
,both
i
nl
e
n
g
t
hand w
i
d
t
h
, became c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
a
b
l
y narrower and t
h
e mode of spore
c
l
a
s
s
e
s removed t
ot
h
elower s
i
d
e
,w
i
t
ht
h
eonee
x
c
e
p
t
i
o
no
fG砂 b
i
av
e
l
u
t
i
p
e
s
.
I
nc
o
n
c
l
u
s
i
o
nt
h
ew
r
i
t
e
r
s cani
n
f
e
rw
i
t
hc
e
r
t
a
i
n
t
yt
h
a
ti
n hymen::>mycetous
f
u
n
g
i
,a
tl
e
a
s
ti
nt
h
o
s
et
h
a
tproducee
l
l
i
p
s
o
i
d
a
lo
rs
i
m
i
l
a
r shaped s
p
o
r
e
s
, the
T
O
G
A
S
H
I& ODA: S
P
O
R
E
S
I
Z
EV
A
R
I
A
B
I
L
I
T
YI
NS
U
B
S
E
Q
U
E
N
TS
P
O
R
EP
R
I
N
T
S
125
s
p
o
r
e
sa
r
ea
p
tt
o showsomewhat s
m
a
l
l
e
randrounderi
ns
i
z
e and shapewhen
they a
r
e examinedone o
rmore days a
f
t
e
rt
h
ef
u
n
g
ia
r
ec
o
l
l
e
c
t
e
d
,s
i
n
c
et
h
e
f
u
n
g
imayd
i
s
c
h
a
g
et
h
es
p
o
r
e
sc
o
n
t
i
n
u
o
u
s
l
yandf
r
e
e
l
ya
sl
o
n
ga
st
h
ep
i
l
e
i do
n
o
t dryo
u
to
rr
o
t
. I
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
o
r
ss
h
o
u
l
db
e
a
ri
nmind t
h
e
s
ef
a
c
t
si
f th~y t
r
y
か afungus ofthis group.
t
oi
d
e
n
t
i
B
o
t
a
n
i
c
a
lL
a
b
o
r
a
t
o
r
y
,M
o
r
i
o
k
aC
o
l
l
e
g
eo
f
A
g
r
i
c
u
l
t
u
r
ea
n
dF
o
r
e
s
t
r
y
,M
o
r
i
o
k
a
,J
a
p
a
n
.
STUDIESONTHEDOWNYMILDEWS
OFCRUCIFEROUSVEGETABLESINJAPANI
BY
MAKOTOHIURAANDHIDEOKANEGAE
（樋浦誠・鐙江英夫）
Manyk
i
n
d
so
fc
r
u
c
i
f
e
r
o
u
sv
e
g
e
t
a
b
l
e
su
s
e
f
u
lt
ot
h
ed
a
i
l
yl
i
f
eo
ft
h
eJ
a
p
a
n
e
s
e
a
r
e widelyc
u
l
t
i
v
a
t
e
dthroughoutt
h
et
e
r
r
i
t
o
r
yo
fJ
a
p
a
n
. Most o
fthem belong
t
ot
h
egenusB
r
a
s
s
i
c
ao
rRa1
幼a
n
u
s
, and a
r
ecommonly s
u
b
j
e
c
tt
ot
h
ea
t
t
a
c
k
ofa丹仰仰乎o
r
afungusknownf
o
r
m
e
r
l
ya
s 丹仰仰1
s
p
o
r
aparas
がc
a(
P
E
R
S
.
)F
R
.
,
e
r
o
n
o
学o
r
ab
r
a
s
s
i
c
a
e GM.
butl
a
t
e
l
yo
f
t
e
nd
e
s
i
g
n
a
t
e
da
sP
h
a
t
I
t seemst
obei
n
f
e
r
a
b
l
e fromt
h
er
e
c
e
n
ti
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
i
o
no
fG孟UMANN(S)t
t
h
efungusp
a
r
a
s
i
t
i
cont
h
e
s
ec
r
u
c
i
f
e
r
o
u
sv
e
g
e
t
a
b
l
e
smightc
o
m
p
r
i
s
ev
a
r
i
o
u
ss
t
r
a
i
n
s
e
n
ti
np
a
t
h
o
g
e
n
i
c
i
t
y
. Toa
s
c
e
r
t
a
i
nt
h
i
sa
s
s
u
m
p
t
i
o
n
, somei
n
o
c
u
l
a
t
i
o
ne
x
p
e
r
i
d
i能 r
ments have beenc
a
r
r
i
e
do
u
t
, and t
h
er
e
s
u
l
t
ss
of
a
ro
b
t
a
i
n
e
da
r
et
e
n
t
a
t
i
v
e
l
y
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
e
di
nt
h
i
sp
a
p
e
r
.
Materials andMethods
A
f
f
e
c
t
e
dl
e
a
v
e
so
fv
a
r
i
o
u
sc
r
u
c
i
f
e
r
o
u
sv
e
g
e
t
a
b
l
e
sfoundi
nt
h
eneighbourhood
o
fG
i
f
uA
g
r
i
c
u
l
t
u
r
a
lC
o
l
l
e
g
e were c
o
l
l
e
c
t
e
d
,a
s ar
u
l
e
, towardse
v
e
n
i
n
g
,washed
i
nrunningw
a
t
e
r
,andeachkepti
nam
o
i
s
ts
a
t
c
h
e
li
nt
h
el
a
b
o
r
a
t
o
r
y
. I
nt
h
i
sway,
anabundance o
ff
r
e
s
hc
o
n
i
d
i
aweree
a
s
i
l
ya
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e on t
h
ef
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g morning.
The s
e
e
d
s usedi
nt
h
e
s
e experiments were a
l
lg
o
t
t
e
na
ta s
e
e
ds
t
o
r
ei
nG
i
f
u
.
Theyweresownand grown i
no
r
d
i
n
a
r
yp
o
r
c
e
l
a
i
np
o
t
s
.
[
T
r
a
n
s
.S
a
p
p
o
r
oN
a
t
.H
i
s
t
.S
o
c
.
,V
o
l
.XIII,P
t
.3
,1
9
3
4
1

Download Report