Title Author(s) Citation Issue Date 硝酸化生作用民及ぼす温度及湿度の影響に關する數學的 研究 三宅, 康次; 石塚, 喜明 札幌博物学会会報 = Transactions of the Sapporo Natural History Society, 12(2-3): 55-62 1932-07-10 DOI Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/64024 Right Type article Additional Information File Information Vol.12No.2-3_001.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP MATHEMATICALSTUDIESO N THEINFLUENCEOFTEMPERATUREAND MOISTUREO N NITRIFICATION BY KoJIMIYAXE組 dYOSHIAXIISHIZUKA コー申@「〔 Introduction I ti saw e l lknownf a c tt h a tn i t r i 五c a t i o ni st h ephenomenao ft r a n s f o r m i n g ammoniacaln i t r o g e ni n t on i t r i cn i t r o g e nbyt h ea c t i o no fm i c r o o r g a n i s m s . The n a t u r e _oft h i sb i o c h e m i c a lp r o c e s swasp r o v e d ,somey e a r sa g o ,byo n e 1 )o ft h e a u t h o r s ,t obea u t o c a t a l i t i cmonomolecularr e a c t i o n . Thei n 自u e n c e so fe n v i r o m e n t a lc o n d i t i o n supont h en i t r i f i c a t i o nhavebeen s t u d i e dh i t h e r t obymanyi n v e s t i g a t o r s , 2 'f r o mt h es t a n dp o i n to fs o i lb a c t e r i o l o g y . Butnop a p e r sh a v ea sy e tbeenp r e s e n t e dwhichf o r m u l a t et h er e l a t i o n betweent h es o r r o u n d i n gc o n d i t i o n sandt h eb a c t e r i a la c t i v i t y . Ont h i sa c c o u n t , weh e r ea t t e m p tt oe l u c i d a t eap h a s eo ft h ef o r m u l a t i o n . Thep r e s e n tp a p e rc o n t a i n st h er e s u l t so b t a i n e di ne x p e r i m e n t sw i t ht e m e r a t u r eandm o i s t u r e . Materialsu 鴎 df o rExperiment Thes o i lu s e d was t a k e n from t h eunmanured p l o ti nt h ee x p e r i m e n t a l f i e l do fo u rU n i v e r s i t y ,i nwhichi n d i a nc o r nhadbeenc u l t i v a t e dc o n t i n u o u s l y f o rf i v ey e a r sw i t h o u tm a n u r e s . Fort h ee x p e r i m e n ta i rd r i e ds o i lwasu s e da f t e ri twasp a s s e dt h r o u g ha o .5mm.s te v e . Them o i s t u r ec o n t e n tandw a t e rc a p a c i t yo ft h es o i lwasd e t e r m i n e dt obe 9弱 and5 3 ・ 7% r e s p e c t i u e l y . 7・ o f Ammoniunms u l f a t ewasu s e da st h em a t e r i a lt oben i t r i f i e d ,0 . 0 4 7 2g・ 百n so fnitrogen.~ whichb e i n ge q u i v a l e n tt o 10m i l l i g r ( T r a n s a c t .S a p p o r oN a t .四 s t .Soc.,V o l .X I I ,P t .宮, 1 9 3 2 ] TRANSACTIONS OFTHESAI•PORO NAT 56 E玄p e r i m e n tont h eI n f l u e n c eo fT e m p e r a t u r e Tengrams o ft h es o i l were mixedw i t hammoniums a l f a t ee q u i v a l e n tt o Tot h i swasaddedw a t e r ,e q u i v a l e n tt o70% of t h ew a t e rc a p a c i t yo ft h es o i l . A f t e rmixmgw e l l ,t h es o i lwasp l a c e di na I5 0c .c . Erlenmayerf l a s kw i t has t o p p e r e dc o r k . Thef l a s kwast h e na l l o w e d t os t a n di n at h e r m o s t a ta tc o n s t a n tt e m p e r a t u r eo fo ° C ,1 2 ° C ,20°C,2 7 ° C , 32°Cand 37°Cr e s p e c t i v e l y . A f t e rt h ed e f i n i t ei n t e r v a l s oft i m ei n d i c a t e di n Table I, t h ef l a s kwas t a k e no u tf r o mt h et h e r m o s t a tandt h en i t r a t e sformedwered e t e r m i n e dc o l o r i m e t r i c a l l ybyt h emethodo fp h e n y l d i s u l f o n i ca c i da sf o l l o w s : From 1 0 0c .c .t o 300c .c .o fd i s t i l l e dw a t e rwereaddedt ot h ef l a s ka c c o r d i n gt ot h e amount o fn i t r a t ef o r m e d . A f t e ra d d i t i o no fas m a l lamountof a l u m i n i u m h y d r o x i d e ,i t wass h a k e nf o r afew m i n u t e si no r d e rt oo b t a i na c l e a rl i q u i d . A f t e rs t a n d i n gf o r anh o u ri tw a s .f i l t e r e dthrough d r i e df i l t e r p a p e r . Thed e f i n i t eamounto ft h ef i l t r a t et h u so b t a i n e dwasp l a c e di nag l a s s .c .o fp h e n y l d i b a s i nande v a p o r a t e dn e a r l yt od r y n e s sonaw a t e rb a t h . Ic s u l f o n i ca c i d was t h e nadded t ot h er e s i d u eandm i x e d . A f t e rs t a n d i n gf o r I Sm i n u t e s ,a b o u t1 5c .c .o fd i s t i l l e dw a t e rwereaddedandw e l ls t i r r e d . Ammoniumhydroxidewast h e naddedu n t i lt h es o l u t i o nwasa l k a l i n e ,t h e nd i s t i l l e d w a t e rb r i n g i n gi tupt o Sooc .c . . They e l l o wc o l o r producedwascompared c o l o r i m e t r i c a l l yw i t ht h es t a n d a r ds o l u t i o nwhichc o n t a i n so . o r 6 3 1g . ofp u r e c r y s t a l l i z e dp o t a s s i u mn l t r a t et oal i t r e . Ther e s u l t so b t a i n e da r et a b u l a t e da sf o l l o w s . IO m i l l i g r a m so fn i t r o g e n . T a b l eI Am 側 : n to fNitrateproduced初 旬n l l i g r a i 制S o°C ucc 20c 。 宮7 oc 32c 。 o . o 6 5 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 5 o . o 6 5 o .65 。 o65 0・ I 0・ 065 o65 0・ 0・ 065 0 . 0 6 5 o . o 6 5 o . o 6 5 宮 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 7 0 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 9 2 0 . 0 8 5 3 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 7 7 0 . 1 0 5 0 . 1 0 7 0 . 1 1 4 0 . 1 1 0 4 o . 口6 8 0 . 0 9 6 0.116 0 . 1 2 6 0.150 0.134 s o . c 8 o 0 . 1 1 5 0 . 1 2 2 0 . 1 6 0 0 . 2 1 4 0.186 7 0 . 0 8 1 白 . 1 2 0 0 . 1 3 5 O.I8o 0・ 330 0 . 1 9 2 9 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 1 4 0 0 . 1 5 4 量7 2 o . 0410 0.26& Time (days) 。 。 37c MIYAKE & I smzuKA: MATHEMATICALS 叩 D IESONNITRIFICATION T i m ei ( 弘同 。 。c 5 7 。 c I 2 宮 o ° C 2 7 ° C 3 2 。 c 3 7 ° C II 0 . 0 8 5 0 . 1 5 8 0 . 2 6 3 0 ・ 3 9 5 o . 6 q . 0 ・ 3 8 4 r 3 ロ. 1 0 9 0 . 1 7 3 0 . 4 1 2 0 5 0 7 0 . 1 0 5 0 . 1 7 5 0 . 5 2 2 ・ 5 0 7 0 0 . 6 6 0 ・ 7 6 g 0 1 5 1 8 0 . 8 8 3 ・ 5 5 0 0 0 . 1 0 5 0 . 1 9 0 0 . 6 6 5 o . S o 5 0 ・ 9 7 9 o . 6 o 3 2 1 o . I o g 0 , 1 9 0 0 . 7 7 1 0 . 9 0 4 I . 0 5 4 0 . 6 5 0 4 o . r o 7 0 . 2 1 0 0 . 8 6 1 0 ,・9 8 3 1 . 0 8 5 0 . 6 8 5 7 o . o g g 0 . 2 1 4 0 . 9 0 2 I . 白書 E 1 , 1 0 6 0 . 7 2 0 宮 宮 Ass e e ni nt h eabovet a b l e ,t h eb a c t e r i a la c t i v i t ya tat e m p e r a t u r eo fo°C i s very f e e b l e . I ti st h e nd i 田c u l tt op r o v ewhethert h en i t r i f i c a t i o na tt h i s t e m p e r a t u r eproceededa u t o c a t a l i t i c a l l yo rn o t . Att h et e m p e r a t u r eo f1 2 ° C ,i t wasb a r e l ys e e nt obea u t o c a t a l y t i c . Atat e m p e r a t u r eh i g h e rt h a n1 2 ° C ,i t proceededt y p i c a l l ya c c o r d i n gt ot h em o n o m o l e . c u l a rr e a c t i o no fa u t o c a t a l y t i c . Thee q u a t i o no fa u t o c a t a l y t i cmonomolecularr e a c t i o ni s l o g~= K ( t t 1 ) w h e r e X: A m o u n to fn i t r a t ep r o d u c e da tt h ei n t e r v a l s 。 ft i m et A:M a x i m u ma m o u n to fn i t r a t ep r o d u c e d t ; _ :T i m ef o ri An i t r a t ep r o d u c t i o n K: C o n s t a n t ,A andt 1 . Tos e et h ei n f l u e n c e Int h eabovee q u a t i o nt h ec o n s t a n t sa r eK oft e m p e r a t u r eont h ep r o c e s s ,i ti st h e nr e a s o n a b l et ocomparet h ev a l u eo f t h ec o n s t a n t s . Amongt h e s e ,h o w e v e r ,t h ec o m p a r i s o no fc o n s t a n tK a l o n ei s s e e nt ob e .most r e a s o n a b l e ,a st h ev a l u eo fK r e p r e s e n t st h ev e l o c i t yo ft h e > r e a c t i o n .3 So t h ea u t h o r sa t t e m p t e dt odeduceaf o r m u l awhich shows achangeo f nr e l a t i o nt ot e m p e r a t u r e . t h ev a l u eofK i sc a l c u l a t efromt h ed a t ai nTable I; I nTable 2t h ev a l u eo fK i 5 8 TRANSA ロ ,IONSOFTHESAPPORO NATURAL HISTORY8ocmTY T a b l e2 V a l u e so fK c a l c u l a t e dfromDatai nT a b l eI T e m p e r a t u r e( T ) K 12 c o . o 6 g土0ロ ・05 20 c 0.091土 0.002 27 c 0.106土 0.001 32 c 0.120土 0.001 37 c 0.105土 0.003 I no r d e rt of i n dt h ei n f l u e n c eo ft e m p e r a t u r e upon t h ec o n s t a n tK,t h e 1 0q u o t i e n t 4 >a sf o l l o w s : a u t h e r sc a l c u l a t e d ,a tf i r s t ,t h ev a l u eo ft h es o c a l l e dQ / γ ¥ ¥ "-1i I IO / ーーー、再 Qio =(~戸F百=(」竺~)4 キ 1.6 ¥ O.OOI I Q = I K u \~告す / 山6 v~ t 一 一 一 一l =( ←三士 −)' ¥ }ζ” I ¥ o . A I 山 ・ 3 = 子 E =(七)合=(苛5 )キ 1.3 Q , o γ Q i a=l ( K,ぺ~I 口町 一 一 一 一 .J32-27 =(: : : -I J与 0 . 7 ¥ Ku I ¥ o . 皿P Ast h er e s u l t ss h o w ,t h ev a l u eo fK i n c r e a s e s1 . 3t i m e sw i t he a c hi n c r e a s o f10°Ci nt e m p e r a t u r eu n t i li tr e a c h e s3 2 ° C ,t h e ni td e c r e a s e st o0 . 7t i m e sa s 7 ° C . s e e na t3 These r e s u l t st e l lu st h a tt h en i t r i f i c a t i o np r o c e s sshowst h et e n d e n c yo f p u r ec h e m i c a lr e a c t i o na tt h et e m p e r a t u r e sbetween 1 2and32。 C . Butar a p i d nt e m p e r a t u r eabove3 2 ° C ,c l e a r l yshowst h a tt h e d e c r e a s eo ft h ev a l u eo fQ10 i p r o c e s si sb i o c h e m i c a l . Thent or e p r e s e n tm a t h e m a t i c a l l yt h ei n f l u e n c eo ft e m p e r a t u r e we must ~ake i n t oac o n s i d e r a t i o ne s p e c i a l l yt h e s er e l a t i o n s h i p se x i s t i n gbetweent h et e r n ・ p e r a t u r eandt h en a t u r eo ft h ephenomena. So t h ew r i t e r sdeducedt h ef o l l o w i n ge m p i r i c a le q u a t i o nw i t ht h ea i do ft h emethodofl e a s ts q u a r e spaying a t t e n t i o nt ot h ea b o v ef a c t s . ~ K=o・038+0014~一一 0.015 T-32 eゴ − Thev a l u e so fK c a l c u l a t e d form t h eabovee q u a t i o na r ecompared w i t h sf o l l o w s: t h ev a l u e so fK c i t e da l r e a d yi nTable2 a 5 9 MIYAKE & !SHIZUKA: MATHEMATICAL STUDIES O N " NITRIFICATION T a b l e3 T h eV a l u e so fK c a l c 叫a t e df r o 悦 ; α b o v eEqu α t 抑 T e m p e r a t u r e 制d向 T a b l e2 Ki nT a b l e宮 Kc a l c u l a t e d 12°C o . o 句 0 . 0 7 4 , 0 . 0 0 5 2 0c o . c g t 0 . 0 7 4 o . o o 6 2 7c 0 . 1 0 6 0 . 1 0 8 0002 3 2c 0 . 1 2 0 0 . 1 1 3 0 . 0 0 7 3 7c 0 . 1 0 5 o . 1 o 6 o . o o I d i f f e r e n c e e l l . The above table shows that both the values K agree w E玄.perimenton也e Influence ofMoisture On the e f f e c t of moisture content i ns o i l s on n i t r i f i c a t i o n , the r e s u l t s obtained are shown i n Table 4 . Theexperimentwascarriedouti ntheconstant temperature of30°Chaving the moisture content ofs o i l sa t 20併 , 40%,so%, 60係 , 70%and80% ofthe water bapacity. T a b l e4 A符 t o u n tofn i t r α ,t ep r o d u c e d白 骨t i l l i g r a m s 色 。 % 4 0 , % ' so% 60% 7 0 , % ' 80% o . o 6 5 0 . 0 6 5 o . o 6 5 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 5 ロ6 5 o . 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 6 5 量 。 ι 6 5 0 . 0 6 7 o . 0 7 I o . o g o 0 . 0 9 2 0 . 0 9 2 3 0 . 0 8 8 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 8 7 O.llO o . I 2 5 o . o g 8 4 o.u4 0 . 1 4 9 0 . 1 4 0 0 . 1 4 0 0 . 1 4 3 0 . 1 4 0 5 0 . 1 1 5 0 . 1 6 0 0 . 1 8 0 0 . 1 8 2 0 . 2 1 0 0 . 1 8 0 7 0 . 1 5 0 0 . 2 2 + 0 . 2 3 5 0 . 2 5 0 0 . 2 9 5 0 . 2 5 2 9 0 . 1 5 1 0 . 2 4 0 ・ 3 4 0 0 3 6 3 0・ 0 4 1 0 0・ 3 7 l II 0 . 1 5 2 0 . 2 6 0 4 0 1 0・ ・ 4 9 4 0 0 . 6 0 0 0 . 5 0 1 1 3 0 . 1 4 5 0 . 2 8 l 0 . 5 3 5 0 . 6 4 2 0 . 7 8 6 0 . 6 7 8 1 5 0 . 1 5 2 0 . 2 9 7 0 . 6 4 3 0 . 7 2 2 0 . 8 5 0 0 . 7 7 0 Time( d a y s ) 。 60 T.RANSA 口 'IONOF THESAPPORONATURAL HISTORY SocIETY T i m e( d a y s ) 20% 40% sox 6c% 守0% 80% 1 8 0 . 1 4 5 0 . 3 0 8 0 . 8 4 6 0 . 9 2 4 0 . 8 8 0 宮E 0 . 1 5 2 0 . 3 宮。 0 . 7 3 9 0 . 8 0 0 ・ 9 0 5 0 1 . 0 0 3 o . 9 5 a 宮 5 0 . 1 5 2 0 ・ 3 4 0 0 . 8 7 5 o . g 9 3 1 . 0 9 0 1 . 0 0 2 3 0 0 . 1 4 0 0 . 3 4 0 0 . 8 9 7 I . 0 2 8 I . l o o 1 . 0 0 2 i r s tc a l c u l a t e d fromt h eabove d a t ap u t t i n gthem Thev a l u e so fK were f i n t ot h ea u t o c a t a l y t i cmonomoleculare q u a t i o nands e c q n d l y ,t h eQ 1 0q u o t i e n t was c a l c u l a t e dfromt h ev a l u eo fK a sshowni nTable 5 ・ T a b l e5 T h eV a l u e sofK andQ 1 0 %o fw a t e rc a p a c i t y( M ) K Qio 4 0 。 岬0 土0 . 0 0 5 5 0 . 0 0 2 0 . 1 0 2土0 I . I 6o o . u o土0 . 0 0 1 I . I 7 0 0 . 1 1 9土0 . 0 0 3 I . I S o . o o o o . U 4土 o 0 . 9 I nthecaseofthei n f l u e n c eofm o i s t u r ec o n t e n t ,t h echangeofK canbe 0係 ofthewatercapaci句r ,b utabobe r e p r e s e n t e d by l i n e a rf u n c t i o n up t o7 70持 i td e c r e a s e sg r a d u a l l y . Sot h ew r i t e r sdeducedt h ef o l l o w i n ge m p i r i c a le q u a t i o na si nt h ec a s eof t e m p e r a t u r ee 百e c t . , 、 M-70 K =0056+0.0018~ + 0.005 e一 「 Andt h ev a l u e sofK c a l c u l a t e dfromt h eabovee q u a t i o na r ecomparedw i t h t h ev a l u e so fK c i t e da l r e a d yi nTable 5a sf o l l o w s : MIYA 回 & !SHIZUKA: MATHEMATICALS 叩'DI お ONNITRIFICATION 6 1 T a b l e6 V a l u e so fK c a l c ぬt e dfromt h ea b o v eEq 脇 ; 氏側 a ml向 T a b l e5 %o fw a t e rc a p a c i t y KinT a b l e s Kc a l c u l a t e d Di 仔e r e n c e 0 . 0 0 2 0 . 1 0 2 o . c 9 2 0 . 1 0 1 0 . 1 1 0 o . I I O o . o o o 0 1 1 9 0 . 1 1 6 口3 o . o 0 . 1 1 4 0 . 1 1 4 o . o o o 4 0 ロ. 0 9 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 0 . 0 0 1 Summary 1 ) Thei n f l田 町e o fe n v i r o m e n t a lc o n d i t i o n sont h en i t r i f i c a t i o np r o c e s swe 日 s t u d i e dm a t h e m a t i c a l l y . I nt h ep r e s e n te x p e r i m e n t ,t e m p e r a t u r eandm o i s t u r eweret a k e na st h ee n v i r o m e n t a lc o n d i t i o n s . 2 ) Consideringt h a tt h ei n f l u e n c eo ft h ee n v i r o m e n t a lc o n d i t i o n sont h en i t r i 日c a t i o np r o c e s sc a nber e p r e s e n t e dbyt h echangeo fr e a c t i o nc o m ; t a n tK o ft h ea u t o c a t a l y t i cmonomoleculare q u a t i o nwhichr e p r e s e n t st h ep r o c e s s m a t h e m a t i c a l l y ,t h ew r i t e r so b s e r v e dt h ei n f l u e n c eo ft h echange o ftem p e r a t u r eandm o i s t u r eont h ev a l u eo fK . i ) Withint h ee x t e n to ft e m p e r a t u r eandm o i s t u r ea twhicht h er e a c t i o ncan n c r e a s e sl i n e a r l ya st h et e m p e r a p r o c e e da u t o c a t a l y t i c a l l y ,t h ev a l u eo fK i t u r eandt h em o i s t u r ei n c r e a s e ,b u ta f t e ri tr e a c h e sac e r t a i np o i n to fi n e c r e a s e sr a p i d l y . c r e m e n tt h ev a l u eo fK d So t h echange o fK can be r e p r e s e n t e de m p i r i c l l y by an e q u a t i o na s f o l l o w s : Int h ec a s eo ft h ee 佐c to ft e m p e r a t u r e , 曲 ~ T-SSI K=o.038+0.014~ - 0015 e i s Int h ec a s eo ft h ee f f e c to fm o i s t u r ec o n t e n t , . . . . 一 望: : 1 金− K=o.056+0.0018 号 一 0.005e I S TRAN SA 白 I O N SOFTHES . , P P O R ONA τ 'U RALHISTORYS o c 1 町 Y 62 L i t e r a t u r e { I ) MIYAKE,K.andSoMA,S . : Ont h en a t u向 。fa m m o n i f i c a t i o nandn i t r i f i 伺 t i o n . J .B i o c h e m . ( J a p a n )1 9 2 21 ,1 2 3 ,1 2 9・ ( 2 ) LOHNIS,F . : Handbuchd e rl a n d w i r t s c h a f t l i c h e nB a k t e r i o l o g i e . 1 9 1 0 . GREAVES,T.E.andCASTER,E .G . : I n f l u e n c eo fm o i s t u r e on t h eb a c t e r i a la c t i v i t yo ft h e 回 i i . S o i lS c i e n c e ,1 03 6 1 ,1 9 2 0 . a k eandr a p e 羽:e dc a k ei n釦 i ! s . ( w r i t OGASAWARA,K . : Ont h ed e c o m p o s i t i o nof 釦•y-bean c t e ni nJ a p a n e s e ) . G r a d u a t i o nT h e s i so fHokkaidoImp.U n i v . 1 9 2 1 . i t r i f i c a t i o ni na c i ds o i l s . G r a d u a t i o nT h e s i so fHokkaido Imp. U n i v . SHIRAHAM K,: N 1 9 2 5・ ( 3 ) L Ew1s.: A s y s t e mo fp h y s i c a lc h e m i s t r y . V o l .I . ( 4 ) v a n tHoFF1J .H.: E t u d e sdedynamiquec h i m i q u e . 1 8 9 6 . ∼ 摘 要 輸酸化生作用民及ぼす温度及濃度の影響に闘する致事的研究 三宅康次右塚喜明 ( 1) 硲酸化生作用に及ぼす温度及び濃度の外国際件につき、之れが彰響を殺事的に考察し示。 ( 2)而して、此の種外閏録件の彰響は硝酸化生作用を示ナ所の自己鯛媒的一分子反腹式の怪童tKの i 四一﹄ ド 一 e O 、 ,O J rJ T 一 n叶 0 0 00 + 4 o o − −K 聖書化に依って表はさるるものとして K の上に及ぼナ是等録件の影響か測定 ι た 。 ( 3 ) 反曜の自己鯛媒的ー分子反態的に普まれ得る録件を得るさきは.其の僚件の好者Z 合なるに従が U-Kの値は直線的に槍加し、一定限度に到って念滋に減少ナる傾向を示す。 温度の影響の場合には 滋皮の影響の場合に於て l t . , . M-'70 K = 0.056十 o . c o 1 8 す − o005 eつ ー なる貸段式にて示し得るととを認めた。
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