まえがき わが国において，集合住宅は 1960 年代より普及し始めたが，その増加とともに床衝撃音 や給排水音等の音環境の問題が顕在化してきた．日本建築学会ではこうした音環境の問題 に対応すべく，1975 年に「遮音基準作成分科会」を設置して実態データの集積と検討を行 い，1979 年に本会編「建築物の遮音性能基準と設計指針」を刊行した．同書の住宅に関す る部分はコンクリート系集合住宅を中心にまとめられ，1997 年には木質系・鉄骨系共同住 宅・長屋の章を追加した第二版を刊行している．本書は建築供給会社，建築設計事務所， 施工会社および管理会社などで広く使用され，また「住宅の品質確保の促進等に関する法 律」の「住宅性能表示制度」にみるように関連法規等にも導入されており，長きにわたり 本会の遮音性能基準等として位置付けられている． 近年は，集合住宅が道路騒音や鉄道騒音などが厳しい騒音環境の敷地に建設されること も多い．また，集合住宅の高層化や鉄骨造の採用，スラブの大型化などの建物構造や設備 の変化，さらに，発注者，居住者双方の音環境に対する意識の向上と住まい方のルール化 等，集合住宅を取り巻く環境が大きく変化してきている．加えて，技術の海外発信という 観点を踏まえ，国際整合化にも配慮していくことが必要な時代になってきている．このよ うな背景の中，現在および将来に向けて，学会としての立場から集合住宅における遮音性 能基準および設計指針を再度見直した方がよいとの意見が上がっている． 本会環境工学本委員会では，日本建築学会環境基準の発行を推進すべく 2003 年に「日本 建築学会環境基準（AIJES）」を制定したが，この方針を受けて音環境運営委員会では，2005 年から建築物の音環境に係わる AIJES 作成の検討を開始し，集合住宅を対象として「集合 住宅の遮音性能規準」と「集合住宅の遮音設計指針」の AIJES 案を 2014 年 3 月にまとめた． これに対して，さらなる学術的，実験的裏付け検証を行った上で出版すべきなどとの意見 書，要望書等が学会員より提出されたことを受け，企画刊行運営委員会より集合住宅の遮 音性能に関する学会規準は社会的影響が大きいため，学術的知見を規準化する手順は慎重 に進めるべきとの方針が示された．そこで，音環境運営委員会では，まずこの 2 つの AIJES 案を基に「集合住宅の遮音性能・遮音設計の考え方」を作成・刊行し，その考え方を世に 問い周知・熟成を図った上で AIJES 策定につなげていく方針とし，本書の刊行に至った． 本評価方法等の考え方，は集合住宅のより良い遮音性能評価規準，設計指針の構築への 寄与を目指すものである．その基本的な考え方は，現在広く参照されている本会編「建築 物の遮音性能基準と設計指針［第二版］」の集合住宅部分で示されているが，「本書の概要 と留意点」に示すように，評価方法等において異なる部分がある．したがって，両者を混 同することないよう注意して頂きたい． 今後，本書の提案内容の妥当性を多くの建築技術者，音響技術者，研究者，行政関係者 などの方々にも検証していただきたい．また，多くの方の合意が得られ AIJES としての基 準化に結び付けられるように，更なるデータの蓄積と共に，学会員が中心となった学術的・ 技術的な面からの検討により学術論文等が公開され，十分な討議・検証が慎重に行われる ことを期待する． 2016 年 1 月 日本建築学会 本書作成関係委員（2015 年度） －（五十音順・敬称略）－ 環境工学委員会 委員長 幹 事 委 員 羽 山 広 岩 田 利 （省略） 文 枝 菊 田 弘 輝 哉 宏 中 野 淳 太 甲 谷 寿 史 井 杉 中 渡 上 江 澤 辺 勝 真 充 夫 聡 司 敏 嶋 平 吉 田 松 村 友 純 泰 孝 一 企画刊行運営委員会 主 幹 委 査 事 員 村 上 公 田 中 貴 （省略） 建築学会環境基準作成小委員会 主 幹 委 査 事 員 村 上 公 田 中 貴 （省略） 哉 宏 中 野 淳 太 哉 毅 平 光 厚 雄 士 之 平 光 厚 雄 音環境運営委員会 主 幹 委 査 事 員 佐久間 哲 岩 本 （省略） 音環境規準検討小委員会 主 幹 委 査 事 員 古 賀 貴 池 上 雅 （省略） 集合住宅遮音性能規準刊行小委員会 主 幹 委 査 事 員 平 松 友 古 賀 貴 安 藤 漆 戸 幸 田 端 濱 田 幸 孝 士 啓 雄 淳 雄 池 岡 中 平 上 雅 之 野 利 行 川 清 光 厚 雄 集合住宅遮音設計指針刊行小委員会 主 幹 委 査 事 員 田 端 峯 村 敦 岡 野 利 中 川 宮 島 淳 雄 行 清 徹 渡 辺 充 河原塚 濱 田 幸 村 石 喜 敏 透 雄 一 執筆担当者 集合住宅遮音性能規準刊行小委員会（用語の定義，第Ⅰ，Ⅱ部） 安 岡 中 平 藤 野 川 光 利 厚 啓 行 清 雄 池 古 中 渡 上 雅 賀 貴 澤 真 辺 充 之 士 司 敏 井 杉 濱 上 江 田 勝 幸 夫 聡 雄 漆 田 平 戸 端 松 幸 端 村 辺 淳 敦 雄 充 敏 友 雄 淳 孝 集合住宅遮音設計指針刊行小委員会（用語の定義，第Ⅲ部） 岡 中 宮 野 川 島 利 行 清 徹 河原塚 濱 田 村 石 幸 喜 透 雄 一 嶋 平 吉 田 松 村 友 純 泰 孝 一 田 峯 渡 目 本書の概要・留意点 用語の定義 第I部 次 ··················································································· 1 ······························································································· 3 集合住宅の遮音性能評価 1. 目 的 ··························································································· 13 2. 適 用 範 囲 ··························································································· 14 2.1 対象とする音環境性能 ····································································· 14 2.2 遮音性能評価 ················································································· 15 3. 引 用 規 格 ··························································································· 16 4. 遮音性能評価 ························································································ 17 4.1 遮音性能の適用クラス ····································································· 17 4.2 室内静ひつ性能 ·············································································· 17 4.2.1 室内静ひつ性能評価 ··································································· 17 4.2.2 室内静ひつ性能評価解説 ····························································· 19 4.3 空気音遮断性能 ·············································································· 27 4.3.1 空気音遮断性能評価 ··································································· 27 4.3.2 空気音遮断性能評価解説 ····························································· 28 4.4 床衝撃音遮断性能 ··········································································· 34 4.4.1 床衝撃音遮断性能評価 ································································ 34 4.4.2 床衝撃音遮断性能評価解説 ·························································· 35 第 II 部 集合住宅の遮音性能測定 1. 目 的 ··························································································· 51 2. 集合住宅の現場における室内静ひつ性能測定 ··············································· 52 2.1 適 用 範 囲 ···················································································· 52 2.2 測 2.3 測 定 装 置 ···················································································· 53 2.4 測 定 場 所 ···················································································· 54 2.5 測定日・測定時間帯 ········································································ 54 2.6 時間変動パターンによる騒音の分類 ··················································· 54 2.7 測定方法と代表値の求め方 ······························································· 55 定 量 ···················································································· 52 2.8 暗騒音の補正 ················································································· 56 2.9 時間平均 A 特性音圧レベルの計算方法 ··············································· 57 2.10 最大 A 特性音圧レベルの計算方法 ····················································· 59 2.11 数値の丸め方 ················································································· 60 2.12 測定結果の表示 ·············································································· 61 2.13 測定結果の表示に付記すべき事項 ······················································ 61 3. 集合住宅の現場における空気音遮断性能測定 ·············································· 63 3.1 適 用 範 囲 ···················································································· 63 3.2 測 3.3 測 定 装 置 ···················································································· 63 3.4 測 定 方 法 ···················································································· 63 定 量 ···················································································· 63 4. 集合住宅の現場における床衝撃音遮断性能測定 ··········································· 64 4.1 適 用 範 囲 ···················································································· 64 4.2 測 4.3 測 定 装 置 ···················································································· 65 4.4 測 定 方 法 ···················································································· 65 4.5 測定結果の表示 ·············································································· 71 4.6 測定結果の表示に付記すべき事項 ······················································ 72 定 量 ···················································································· 64 5. 集合住宅の外周壁へ入射する屋外騒音測定 ················································· 73 5.1 適 用 範 囲 ···················································································· 73 5.2 測 5.3 測 定 装 置 ···················································································· 73 5.4 測 定 場 所 ···················································································· 74 5.5 測定日・測定時間帯 ········································································ 75 5.6 時間変動パターンによる騒音の分類 ··················································· 75 5.7 測定方法と代表値の求め方 ······························································· 76 5.8 暗騒音の補正 ················································································· 78 5.9 数値の丸め方 ················································································· 79 定 量 ···················································································· 73 5.10 測定結果の表示 ·············································································· 79 5.11 測定結果の表示に付記すべき事項 ······················································ 79 付録 数値の丸めについて ··········································································· 80 第 III 部 集合住宅の遮音設計 1. 目的・適用範囲 ····················································································· 81 1.1 目 的 ···················································································· 81 1.2 適 用 範 囲 ···················································································· 81 2. 集合住宅の遮音設計の概要 ······································································ 82 2.1 集合住宅をとりまく音環境の特徴 ······················································ 82 2.2 遮音設計目標値の設定 ····································································· 83 2.3 予測結果の評価 ·············································································· 83 2.4 集合住宅の遮音対策の基本 ······························································· 84 2.5 屋外発生騒音に対する遮音設計 ························································· 84 2.6 隣接住戸からの空気伝搬音に対する遮音設計 ······································· 87 2.7 上階からの床衝撃音に対する遮音設計 ················································ 88 2.8 専有部分・共用部分・併設施設の発生音に対する遮音設計 ····················· 89 2.9 近隣への騒音伝搬防止設計 ······························································· 90 3. 屋外騒音に対する遮音設計 ······································································ 91 3.1 目標値の設定 ················································································· 91 3.2 外周壁に入射する屋外騒音の設定 ······················································ 92 3.3 外周壁の遮音構造選定 ····································································· 93 3.4. 留 意 事 項 ··················································································· 102 4. 隣接住戸間の空気伝搬音の遮音設計 ························································· 107 4.1 目標値の設定 ················································································ 108 4.2 界壁の遮音構造選定における基本事項 ··············································· 108 4.3 界壁の遮音構造選定 ······································································· 109 4.4 留 意 事 項 ··················································································· 113 5. 床衝撃音の遮音設計 ·············································································· 117 5.1 目標値の設定 ················································································ 118 5.2. 床スラブ構造の床衝撃音遮断性能 ····················································· 119 5.3 床仕上げ構造・天井構造の床衝撃音低減性能 ······································ 123 5.4 床衝撃音レベルの測定例 ································································· 129 5.5 留 意 事 項 ··················································································· 133 6. 専有部分の騒音低減設計 ········································································ 136 6.1 目標値の設定 ················································································ 136 6.2 ピアノ演奏音 ················································································ 136 6.3 オーディオルーム・シアタールーム発生音 ········································· 137 6.4 建具の開閉衝撃音 ·········································································· 138 6.5 浴室固体伝搬音 ············································································· 139 6.6 ディスポーザ発生音 ······································································· 140 6.7 洗濯機固体伝搬音 ·········································································· 141 6.8 トイレ行為音 ················································································ 141 7. 共用部分と併設施設の騒音低減設計 ························································· 142 7.1 目標値の設定 ················································································ 142 7.2 エントランス ················································································ 142 7.3 集 7.4 音楽練習室・オーディオルーム・シアタールーム・小ホール ················· 142 7.5 併設店舗，併設保育所 ···································································· 143 会 場 ··················································································· 142 8. 共用設備の騒音低減設計 ········································································ 144 8.1 目標値の設定 ················································································ 144 8.2 エレベータ ··················································································· 145 8.3 給排水設備 ··················································································· 148 8.4 ディスポーザ処理槽 ······································································· 151 8.5 変 電 設 備 ··················································································· 152 8.6 自 動 ド ア ··················································································· 153 8.7 車庫の電動シャッター ···································································· 155 8.8 機械式駐車設備 ············································································· 156 8.9 駐 輪 機 ··················································································· 158 9. 近隣への音の伝搬防止設計 ····································································· 161 9.1 目標値の設定 ················································································ 161 9.2 配慮すべき騒音源 ·········································································· 161 9.3 設計上の留意点 ············································································· 161
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