北米・EU班

Preliminary results of Europe/
North America case studies
Hiroyuki MATSUDA, Takashi KUME, Toshiyuki TSUCHIYA, Mayumi
FUKUNAGA, Ryo SAKURAI, Hideyuki OHNISHI, Shizue MIURA,
Michael P. CROSBY, Kostas ALEXANDRIDIS, Erhan AKÇA, Hikmet
BOZAKLI, William Alexander WEBB, Gonzalo Macho
Sakurai visited Reed in Redberry, Canada
Sep. 20-22 Amami, Japan
Feb. 7-10 Karapinar, Turkey
Feb. 12-14 Vigo, Spain
Mar. 13-18 Virgin Islands
Mar. 19-23 Sarasota
Task schedule
2012
2013
• Draft analysis methods
and interview sheets
• Exercise of fulfilling
interview sheets by team
members in Shiretoko and
Turkey
• Summing-up case studies
of members
• Mutual visit to study sites
of members
(Amami, Karapinar,
Sarasota, Vigo)
• Intra-Group WG Amami
• Polish analysis methods and
interview sheets
• Interview stakeholders of each site
• Build working hypotheses
中
• Collect affecting factors that are 間
成
monitored
分
析
軸
と
社
会
実
験
の中
た間
め評
の価
仮）
説
・
手
法
の
確
定
,
研
究
組
織
の
再
編
成
と
戦
略
の
見
直
し
Activities
Regional
Tasks
5年間のプロジェクトロードマップの作成
• Mutual visit to study sites of
members
• Intra-Group WG
果
の
出
版
2
（
F
R
2
RIHN, Others, ★Social experiment site?, ●Multi-scale analysis?
Sites for Case study
EU・北米（16）
★●Sarasota, Fl, USA
M.Crosby, B. Lausche, J. Culter, E.Muller
★●Virgin Islands, USA
K Alexandridis, WA. Webb
★●Karapinar, Turkey E. Akça, H. Bozakli , Kume, Miura
●Rhön BR, Germany;
●Redbery BR, Canada; M.Reed, Sakurai
Cape Cod, MA, USA; TsuChiya
Columbia River, WA, USA; Sato
Mattole River, CA, USA
Fukunaga
？
Siberian indigenous community, Russia; Ohnishi
Far North, NZ; W. Holzne, Tsuchiya
Regola, Italy Tsuchiya
Vigo, Spain; G.Macho
Amami Island; Ohinish, Okano
Shiretoko, Japan; Matsuda, Kaji, Makino
Akaya, Japan; Tsuchiya, Kaji
Yakushima Is. World Heritage/BR; Yumoto, Okano, Hattori, Sakai, Matsuda
Mattole River, CA
Osaka Prefectural University
Mayumi Fukunaga
Mattole River: Salmon talks and the
collective memories of salmon and
watershed let local people share an
“ambiguous,” but sharable image of
watershed
Klamath Basin: Native Americans and
watershed resources management
system to achieve environmental justice
and make their community socially and
economically autonomous
Klamath Basin, OR/CA
Mayumi Fukunaga 2010
Case1 Mattole River : How and why local community
gained legitimacy of environmental governance?
Building their legitimacy and
watershed ethic, based on sharing
memories of salmon and making
discursive space among various
stakeholders
Question: What watershed do we need
and hope ?
= how to picture the goal of
environmental governance
 “sound and productive”
salmon talks and the collective
memories of salmon and watershed let
local people share an “ambiguous,”
but sharable image of watershed
2015/10/1
5
Mayumi Fukunaga
2) What kind of “science” will play role on the spot, and how?
The case 2: Yurok and TEK
The case of Yurok tells us…....
Sciences which are re-constructed in the social contexts
Local knowledge, TEK, and adaptive management
 Social-learning process
Community- dwelling scientists and environmental engineers
 Environmental justice as distributive and restorative justice
Native Americans and watershed resources management system
to achieve environmental justice and make their community
socially and economically autonomous
2015/10/1
2012 Mayumi FUKUNAGA (c) All Rights
Reserved
6
Hideyuki Ohnishi
Collapse of the Soviet Union and Adaptation
Strategies of the Indigenous People
land use and livelihood strategies in two Nanai villages
Ethnographic information on indigenous
societies in the Amur region
Hideyuki Ohnishi
• During the Soviet era
– It was difficult for anthropologists from the Western Bloc to visit and do
research.
– Thus, information in that era was relatively limited.
• After the Post-Soviet age
– The present situation of these societies can be researched and information
can be shared.
– However, resources about the past during the Soviet era tend to be
narratives gained through interviews and/or socio-political discourses in the
archives.
– But narratives are affected by personal views and/or experience, and sociopolitical discourses are rarely free from ideologies.
？
Approach to the Landscape of
Indigenous Villages in the Soviet era
Hideyuki Ohnishi
• GIS analysis using satellite imagery
– Corona Satellite: Information on landscape in the Soviet era
– ALOS (PRISM・AVNIR-2): Information of the present landscape
• Ethnographic research
– Observation of the vegetation and topography
– Interviews with local people to collect information on past
landscapes in the satellite images
Hideyuki Ohnishi
A unique icon in Amami Is.
• Submission to natural world heritage
• Kenmun – traditional ghost appears in “buffer
zone” surrounding nature protected area
Fukuoka
Amami Is.
Okinawa Is.
Taiwan
Karapinar and environmental problems
Takashi Kume
1．Groundwater depletion
2．Sinkhole formation
Karapinar
Developing agricultural
area of Konya Closed basin
・Total area of Karapinar: 3030km2
3. Diminish of water body of
・Altitude: about 1,000 m
Meke maar (Ramsar Site)
・Arid climate (precipitation 300mm/year)
・Desertification and soil degradation (erosion)
・Agriculture totally depends on groundwater resource
・200,000 of groundwater wells (of 54,000 is illegally working)
・13 sinkholes were formed from 2006 to 2009
・Meke maar is proud of Karapinar people
Water resource problem
in Konya closed basin
Takashi Kume
• Relationship between visiting researchers and
stakeholders (Dr. Kume − Dr. Akça, − Mr. Bozakli (Farmers))
• Gov. planned regulation of water usage (1 yr delay of
execution: from February of 2014)
• We had intensive workshops with farmers & KOP
• It’s an social experiment!
• It is clear, over-usage of water
• We advise from farmers’ side
Feasibility test of questionnaires
answered by ILEK members (not stakeholders)
conventional activities
referring to global issues
various incentives for sustainable
governance of the ecosystem
• Answers are consistent
Idea for sustainability in
between
members in
subsistence economy
1-A-1&2, 2-A-2, 2-C, 3movement to promote new activities
A,
3-C-1, 4-D-2~4, 5-2.
or efforts related to global issues
Incorporate foreign knowledge
• Remarkable
into Local community.
inconsistency exist in
1-B-1, 1-C, 2-B-1, 3-B-1,
4-D-5, 4-E-3&4, 4-FFlexibility in decision makers
1&2&6,
5-1.
depending on local group
Social transformation
Turkey
1-A-1
1-A-2
1-B-1
1-C-1
1-C-2
2-A-1
2-A-2
2-B-1
2-B-2
2-C-1
2-C-2
3-A-1
3-A-2
3-B-1
3-B-2
3-C-1
4-D-1
4-D-2
4-D-3
4-D-4
4-E-1
4-E-4
4-F-2
5-1-0
5-2-0
5-3-0
HM
4
4
5
2
3
5
4
A
5
4
1
1
2
3
4
4
4
5
4
4
4
1
3
？
3
4
B
5
4
3
4
4
4
3
4
4
4
5
4
3
3
5
3
4
1
3
2
2
5
2
4
3
2
3
C
5
4
4
5
1
2
5
2
3
4
3
5
4
4
4
3
4
4
4
3
2
2
1
2
1
2
D
5
4
4
5
4
4
5
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
4
5
4
4
4
4
3
2
2
My answer to Karapinar
and Shiretoko
• I think Shiretoko World
Heritage site works
multi-scale translation
of ILEK, Karapinar has a
big problem, but
Karapinar in some
factors works more
than Shiretoko (1-B-1).
Matsuda Turkey
Shiretoko
1-A-1
4
5
1-A-2
4
>
3
1-B-1
5
>>
2
1-C-1
2
<<
4
1-C-2
3
>
2
2-A-2
5 conventional activities
5
2-B-1
4 referring to global
5 issues
2-C-1
4
4
Idea for sustainability in
3-A-1
4
5
subsistence economy
3-A-2
4
5
3-B-1
1
<<
4
4-D-1
3
<<
5
4-D-2
4
5
4-E-1
3
<<
5
4-F-2
1
1
5-1-0
3
4
5-2-0
2
<<
4
5-3-0
2
<<
5
Other study sites
• レゴラ, Italy（Tshuchiya）
– 1000年続く入会団体の今後
• Redberry Lake（Reed,Sakurai)
• Far North NZ（Tsuchiya）
– 土地利用計画の環境配慮
に農民が反対
– 先住民の求めで修正した
が、不在地主が行政裁判
– とりあえず、事例解析
– 及川さんにも相談
– 菜の花畑地帯の中にあるラ
ムサール、MAB
– どう使うかを今後研究者が考
えていく
– レーンとの地域交流は毎年 • Cape Cod USA（Tsuchiya）
やっている。
– 都市近郊の地域性公園
– 営造物型化しているが周
• Vigo, Spain（Macho）
辺にトラスト運動
– レジデント型研究者を入れた、
ILEKときわめて共通性が高い • Mattole Riv. (Fukunaga)
取り組みをしている。
Environmental icons and future visions
Creating shared values Visualize global or historical values of
community resources
生態系管理の多様なインセンティブの提供
Linckages between global issues and livelihood
Global narratives 環境アイコン等の共有可能な地域の将来ビジョンの
提供
Incentives of ecosystem management
生業活動・経済活動等の持続可能な選択肢
地域資源の広域的・歴史文化的価値の可視化
Sustainable options of livelihood
Diverse options グローバルな課題と日常生活のリンケージ
持続可能な生産・流通・ライフスタイルを促す社会技
Social technologies for sustainable life
術
Options to reduce potential risks
潜在的なリスク低減のための選択肢
①create and visualize valu
Drivers of two processes
are categorized into 4
groups
translation
②collaboration with diverse
actors （multiscale）
Knowledge
producer
Translator
Knowledge
user
Reorganize social network and leadership
Changes in social
Dynamic emergence of new hubs and links
networks
Collaboration of diverse stakeholders
Institutionalize
and utilize
diverse values
16
Mobilize
Flexibility to external systems values and
knowledge
Adoption, taming and use of global value
Expanding individual learning opportunities
Adopt
diverse
values
Opportunitie
s to
collaborate
③options and opportunitie
④appropriate translation
多様な地域活動の活性化
Increased
options of individual decisions and actions
多様な地域活動に内発的に参加できる機会の拡大
Emergence
of attractive leadership
個人の学習機会と場の拡大と意識の変革の可能
性
持続可能な生産・消費のリテラシーを深める機会の
Opportunities
拡大 to participate global actions
環境に親和的な行動を選択できる機会の拡大
Opportunities
of collaborate with actors inside and
outsideグローバルな課題に関する活動への参加機会の拡
communities
大
多様な地域外の主体との交流機会の拡大
Opportunities
to take spontaneous community
Opportunitie actions
Case: Shiretoko World Heritage
•Variety of Incentives for nature conservation by world
heritage
•Local long-term vision for Japan-Russia coopera-tive
fisheries management (World Peace Park)
• Flexible Management Plan as they are doing.
• We built trust between scientists,
• Fishers really expanded their•Economic
voluntary MPA.options ＝Eco-label by world heritage
government staff and local stakeholders
• Bilateral communication = dam
removal plan
•Visualize
local resource values＝World Heritage
•
Collaboration of academia and local
AFTER buildings at downstream
•Think
globally
from
World
Heritage
experts
• Many residential experts in Shiretoko
•
Scientist gave an idea of voluntary MPA
•WG
for
marine,
river
construction
&
eco-tourism
Foundation
that satisfy both fisheries and IUCN.
• Many stakeholders act as translators.
•Local
risk
control
by
Shiretoko
Foundation
• Collaboration with international sites
• Knowledge users are responsible at the chair
of World Heritage Working Groups
• Change of decision-makers’ recognition =
improvement of autonomous fishery
management
• •Social
New knowledge
=balance
between Foundation,
Capital=
Shiretoko
conservation and sustainable use in a world
College?
heritage
site.
translation
Knowledge
producer
Translator
Knowledge
Shiretoko
user •Establish Shiretoko College
•Scientific Council proposed marine management,
•Shiretoko White Paper by various scientists
deer control, and threatened spectacled guillemot
•Social transformation = use of guillemot as
ｹｲﾏﾌﾘ）
sightseeing resource
in society = negotiation between
•Scientists made scenario along the•Flexibility
international
conservation of Spectacled Guillemot
and
•Outstanding
activities (Impact Story by
context
sightseeing boats
IASC)
•Input to global = Impact story 2010•Compliance
by IASCis insufficient (illegal fishery)
•Exchange
of other world heritage (Sikhote•Social learning = training agaist
press and
•Various cooperation in Ecotourismexternal
WG pressure
Alin)
•New catalyst = Ecotourism WG •Transparency = Web site of Scientific
Comittee
•Freedom of choice = encourage community-based
•Risk communication in bear management
management
17
Case: Shiretoko World Heritage
• Variety of Incentives for nature conservation by
world heritage
• Local long-term vision for Japan-Russia cooperative fisheries management (World Peace Park)
•Flexible Management Plan as they •are
doing.
Economic
options ＝Eco-label by world heritage
• Visualize
local resource values＝World Heritage
•Fishers really expanded their voluntary
MPA.
• Think globally from World Heritage
•Bilateral communication = dam removal
plan AFTER
• WG for marine, river construction & eco-tourism
• Local risk control by Shiretoko Foundation
buildings at downstream
•Many residential experts in Shiretoko Foundation
•Many stakeholders act as translators.
•Knowledge users are responsible at the chairKnowledge
of World
Heritage Working Groups
producer
•Change of decision-makers’ recognition = improvement
Translatorof
autonomous fishery management
Knowledge
•New knowledge =balance between conservation and
user
translation
sustainable use in a world
heritage site.
• Social Capital= Shiretoko Foundation,
Shiretoko College?
• Scientific Council proposed marine
management, deer control, and threatened
spectacled guillemotｹｲﾏﾌﾘ）
• Scientists made scenario along the
international context
• Input to global = Impact story 2010 by IASC
• Various cooperation in Ecotourism WG
• New catalyst = Ecotourism WG
• Freedom
18 of choice = encourage communitybased management
•We built trust between
scientists, government staff
and local stakeholders
•Collaboration of academia
and local experts
•Scientist gave an idea of
voluntary MPA that satisfy
both fisheries and IUCN.
•Collaboration with
international sites
•Flexibility in society = negotiation between
conservation of Spectacled Guillemot• Establish
and Shiretoko College
sightseeing boats
• Shiretoko White Paper by various scientists
• Social transformation = use of guillemot as
•Compliance is insufficient (illegal fishery)
sightseeing resource
•Social learning = training agaist press
and
• Outstanding
activities (Impact Story by IASC)
•
Exchange
of
other
world heritage (Sikhoteexternal pressure
Alin)
•Transparency = Web site of Scientific Comittee
•Risk communication in bear management

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