English Theme 8 Music and Memory “How to write a nice summary” Mafuyu Kitahara 2007-01-15 Format and such ● ● ● ● About 1000 words (900-1100 words are tolerable) Print on an A4-paper, word processor output Deadline = February 5th, at JIMUSHO Style, Structure, and Accuracy …. next Style ● ● ● ● ● Put your name, number, title, and class Indent the first line of a paragraph Take care of punctuation and spelling Double space (line spacing = 2) Fonts: 12 point, Times or the like Structure ● Section = large grouping – – – ● ● Review of auditory memory studies Characteristics of music structure w.r.t. memory Personal experience and finding Subsection = may correspond to each chapter Paragraph = topic and support – – Topic = main point Support = give details, use signal words Accuracy ● ● ● Do not copy more than 3 words in a row Must use your own words But, be accurate: not too broad nor too specific – e.g. “The organization of memory and the limits of our ability to remember have a profound effect on how we perceive patterns of events and boundaries in time (p.5).” Example: rephrased version ● Formal: – ● The organization of memory and its capability actually determines our perception of patterns changing in time. More colloquial: – Experience of music depends so much on how we can remember and how much we can remember. Organization of memory ● ● Memory: 3 processes – Loosely related to 3 time scales – not based on anatomical structure – FUNCTIONAL Physiologically: neurons alter thhe strength and number of connections each other Echoic memory ● ● Stores raw nerve impulses Lasts less than a second – STM ● ● ● Low capacity Lasts up to 30 sec without rehearsal Focus of conscious awareness Perceptual binding & categorization ● ● ● ● Bind features to coherent events Features: – frequency – amplitude Events: – a note (consists of overtones) Continuous to discrete Long Term Memory ● ● Activate memories of similar events in the past Identification of names, timber, voice... Short Term Memory ● ● ● Low capacity Lasts up to 30 sec without rehearsal Focus of conscious awareness