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Brief Report of the 3rd International Forum for
Sustainable Asia and the Pacific (ISAP2011):
The Asia-Pacific Multi-stakeholder Dialogue
on Rio+20
Sixteenth Senior Officials Meeting (SOM) of NEASPEC
1-2 September 2011, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Takashi Otsuka
Programme Management Office
IGES
About IGES

International Research Institute which
conducts practical and innovative
research for realizing sustainable
development in the Asia and the
Pacific.

IGES was established in 1998.

About 100 researchers, full-time and parttie, from diversity of countries other
than Japan (about 1/3 of staff : nonJapanese).
IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp
Sixteenth Senior Officials Meeting (SOM) of NEASPEC, 1-2 September, Seoul, Korea
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International Forum for Sustainable Asia and the Pacific
(ISAP2011)~ New Asia-Pacific Perspectives towards Rio+20: Implications of
the East Japan Disasters~
 The 3rd ISAP: 26-27 July 2011, Yokohama, Japan.
 Co-organized by IGES and UNU-IAS.
 Collaborators: UNESCAP, UNEP-ROAP, and ADB.
 Participants: about 850 people.
 ISAP2011 is designated as the Asia-Pacific Multi-stakeholder Dialogue on Rio+20
 Themes:

(1)
Implications of the recent triple disasters in Eastern Japan.
(2)
Green Economy in the Context of Poverty Eradication (GECPE)
(3)
Institutional Framework for Sustainable Development (IFSD)
The summary of the discussion will be presented to the Asia Pacific Regional
Preparatory Meeting for UNCSD, to be held in Seoul, ROK, from 19 to 20
October 2011.
IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp
Sixteenth Senior Officials Meeting (SOM) of NEASPEC, 1-2 September, Seoul, Korea
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Outline
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Introduction
Resilient and Sustainable Society
Green Economy in the Context of Poverty
Eradication (GECPE)
Institutional Framework for Sustainable
Development (IFSD)
IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp
Sixteenth Senior Officials Meeting (SOM) of NEASPEC, 1-2 September, Seoul, Korea
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General views on Rio+20



Sustainable development could be only achieved by addressing the three
dimensions of sustainable development, namely economy, society, and
environment, which are interdependent and should be addressed in an
integrated manner.
Gaps in interests and priorities of each country has been one of the obstacles for
enhancing international cooperation.
The international community can learn from the recent Great East Japan
Earthquake and associated nuclear accident . Economic development Japan has
been strongly pursued while underestimating social and environmental risks
thereby undermining the resilience of society to manmade and natural hazards with tremendous economic, social, and environmental costs.
 One of the key concepts underpinning integration is ‘resilience’, which
should be revisited by all countries to contribute to sustainable development.
The emergence of an interlinked and resilient global governance and
economic system based on the principles of sustainable development. The
green economy is an important interim milestone in this system. At the same
time, a better Institutional Framework for Sustainable Development (IFSD)
is one of the necessary conditions.
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Sixteenth Senior Officials Meeting (SOM) of NEASPEC, 1-2 September, Seoul, Korea
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Topic 1:Resilient and Sustainable Society
Outcome of ISAP2011

The 3.11 earthquake, tsunami and subsequent accidents at the Fukushima nuclear power plant
gave us a brutal reminder of challenges linked to energy supply and to where energy should
come from.

There is a need to reduce energy demand and substitute nuclear energy with renewable energy.
Although an intensive renewable energy pathway is not yet decided, early adoption of renewable
energy substitutes (including geothermal) would offset initial price increase in the long run.

Fukushima is a lesson on strengthening safety protocols in countries with nuclear reactors,
regardless of their plans for continued use of nuclear energy, through a sound system of
governance emphasizing safety standards and measures, accountability, transparency and
redress mechanisms which should be in place prior to nuclear energy promotion;

Lessons from around the region should be shared on disaster risk reduction and mobilizing
communities in meaningful participation and decision making at each stage of disaster planning;

Policy frameworks need to be revised in view of the increasing number and severity of climaterelated disasters and to enable better horizontal coordination between the ministries responsible
for climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction.

Disaster education should be further enhanced, as evidenced by successful examples in
northern Japan of students evacuating by following the drills they had practiced.
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Sixteenth Senior Officials Meeting (SOM) of NEASPEC, 1-2 September, Seoul, Korea
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Building Resilient Societies (1) – Multi-level and multistakeholder governance

The importance of horizontal and vertical
cooperation – In order to build a resilient
society, a multi-level and multi-stakeholder
scheme needs to be developed in; and it is
necessary for each of them to conduct actions
which can be delivered most efficiently.



National governments having a
facilitating and enabling role
Local government have the
responsibility for decision making and
implementation, and for promoting
horizontal cooperation and
participation of different stakeholders.
The integrated system of top-down and bottomup approaches has the potential for providing the
opportunities to learn from each other and
can be built strengthen resilient societies.
IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp
National
Government
Local
government
NPO
Local
government
Private
Sector
Horizontal cooperation
Sixteenth Senior Officials Meeting (SOM) of NEASPEC, 1-2 September, Seoul, Korea
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Building Resilient Societies (2) – Community based propoor approach

Through experiences of climate change adaptation, the best
way to manage disaster is community based pro-poor
approach (i.e. poor communities are more vulnerable,
facing on more risks, have less access to resources, funds,
political connections, and information)


A local community has in-depth knowledge of local environment and
society, and it is quite useful for the disaster prevention.
At the recovery stage from the disaster, participation from local
community with autonomy is important.
IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp
Sixteenth Senior Officials Meeting (SOM) of NEASPEC, 1-2 September, Seoul, Korea
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Safe, secure, and low-carbon energy (1)


After the triple disaster, Japan faced serious shortages in energy supply
Think, review and revise energy and climate change policy, it is possible in Japan to
abandon-nuclear energy from:


(1) Right energy mix in the near future with moderate cost burden on the economy; and
(2) Balance of supply and demand side of energy for households and small- and mediumenterprises (SMEs).
(1) Right energy mix



Based on the preliminary result of various research scenarios, renewable energy scenario is less
expensive than other options, which avoiding high cost energy import and strengthening energy
supply security. This is the potential to be the most valuable policy option in Japan.
Japan’s indigenous resources like geothermal and tidal potential needs to be explored further and
renewable energy needs to be aggressively promoted in the country to achieve energy security
Preliminary Result
% Change in system costs compared to baseline
Total CO2 emissions comparison
1400.0
300%
1300.0
% chnage to baseline
4.00%
1350.0
Million ton
% Change in cost of electricity production to REF
6.00%
0.00%
1250.0
REF
1200.0
FFS-LR
1150.0
FFS-SR
-6.00%
1100.0
REN
-8.00%
1050.0
1000.0
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
250%
2.00%
200%
-2.00%
FFS-LR
150%
-4.00%
FFS-SR
100%
JPN_FFS_LR
JPN_FFS_SR
JPN_REN_LR
FIX
0.35%
-1.60%
1.83%
INV
0.82%
2.93%
2.15%
VAR
4.10%
5.36%
-6.37%
Total
1.11%
2.41%
1.12%
REN
50%
0%
2020
2030
2040
2050
[Ref.: A. Bhachattarya]
IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp
Sixteenth Senior Officials Meeting (SOM) of NEASPEC, 1-2 September, Seoul, Korea
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Safe, secure, and low-carbon energy (2)

(2) Balance of supply and demand side of energy for households and smalland medium-enterprises (SMEs) – “Green Innovation” initiated by local
government


Comprehensive energy system management: demand and supply side framework for sustainable
and stable households and SMEs –reform of energy supply system considering demand side
energy saving.
A combination of reducing energy consumption and strengthening energy efficiency regulations of
products, housings, and buildings, promoting both life and work styles reforms
Energy System Management Initiated by Local Government
Energy Demand
<SMEs>
Green electricity
<Households>
Home electrical
appliance
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Energy Supply
battery
hydro
solar
wind
biomass
Sixteenth Senior Officials Meeting (SOM) of NEASPEC, 1-2 September, Seoul, Korea
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Topic 2: Green Economy
Outcome of ISAP2011
 The implication and definition of a green economy may vary depending on
each country’s development stage, but all countries share the common goal of
sustainable development. Establishing a green economy is a key interim
implementing strategy for sustainable development.
 The existing economic system does not fully account for environmental and
social costs; the nuclear disaster in northern Japan is a clear case of the
necessity of developing a green economy by incorporating resilience and the
precautionary principle.
 A green economy should have the twin goals of poverty alleviation and quality
of life.
While poverty exists in every country, developed countries should take the
leadership for promoting a green economy by shifting their consumption from
goods to services and shifting their economic behavior towards increased
quality of life.
 Education and technology transfer are critical components of a green
economy.
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Sixteenth Senior Officials Meeting (SOM) of NEASPEC, 1-2 September, Seoul, Korea
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Key challenges for greening economy
• Economic context
Incorporation of social and environmental costs in the global economic system
• Social context
Eradication of poverty and fulfill the basic human needs of all individuals
• Environmental context
Keeping the ecological capital sound and sustainable
• Political context
Shift from short-term thinking to longer-term and integrative view
• International context
Developmental gap between developed and developing countries
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Sixteenth Senior Officials Meeting (SOM) of NEASPEC, 1-2 September, Seoul, Korea
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Measures for global green economy (1)
Sustainable Consumption and Production
Consumption
Shift towards green lifestyle from mass
consumption and promotion of governmental
green procurement
Inter-linkage
Production
Decoupling between economic growth and
resource use through promotion of green
technologies and industrial transformation
from brown to green
Intergrated policy
intervention
Visualisation of environmental
impacts
e.g. green tax and subsidies
green labelling
Full examination of the
appropriate stage of product
life cycle for intervention in
terms of cost effectiveness and
efficiency.
Contribution to employment and
poverty reduction
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Sixteenth Senior Officials Meeting (SOM) of NEASPEC, 1-2 September, Seoul, Korea
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Measures for global green economy (2)
Development of Alternative Indicators
Alternative or supplementary indicators to the current GDP for integration of social
and environmental aspects
e.g. gross national happiness, green accounting
Contribution to change in value of the people from
income maximization to enlargement of quality of life
Contribution to enable political decision making
based on a longer-term perspective
To visualise externality, thereby to elaborate and adopt such indicators....
Scaling up the existing incentive mechanisms and developing innovative
implementation tools will be a first step
IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp
Sixteenth Senior Officials Meeting (SOM) of NEASPEC, 1-2 September, Seoul, Korea
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Measures for global green economy (3)
International Cooperation
Green economy cannot be achieved within a single country, as economy is
interlinked between countries in a globalised world
Developed countries – show initiative
But bear in mind….
Mechanism to
promote international
cooperation and
technology transfer
Not to promote green protectionism
Not to encourage export of brown
industries from one country to
another
Developing countries – follow direction
IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp
Sixteenth Senior Officials Meeting (SOM) of NEASPEC, 1-2 September, Seoul, Korea
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Topic 3: IFSD
Outcome of ISAP2011
 Need more emphasis on integrating sustainable development concerns in
other policy areas; especially cooperation between different ministries
 Regional institutions can help persuade national governments from the top
down, but sub-national governments and civil society organizations can also
work from the bottom-up.
 Need increased understanding by policy makers and the public that
Sustainable Development can make significant contributions to poverty
reduction and economic development.
 Need a global or regional agreement on access to information to support
genuine, informed multi-stakeholder participation in decision-making.
East Asia has many underfunded regional cooperation mechanisms resulting
in fragmentation and overlap, similar to the global situation. A regional
organisation for information and capacity development could improve
coordination and effectiveness. Such an organization could be new or based
on existing ones.
IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp
Sixteenth Senior Officials Meeting (SOM) of NEASPEC, 1-2 September, Seoul, Korea
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Key Challenges

Much stronger institutional framework for sustainable
development (IFSD) is needed

Institutional changes with coherent SD goals at
global, regional, national and local levels

Leadership, coordination, effectiveness, information,
participation, compliance and enforcement

Proper incentives, regulations, policies and actions

……
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Sixteenth Senior Officials Meeting (SOM) of NEASPEC, 1-2 September, Seoul, Korea
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Solutions at all levels: Multilevel Governance
Levels of Governance
 Regional / Subregional
 National
 Subnational
 Non-governmental **
•




Multistakeholder
Participation
 Global
Business, NGOs, individuals, etc.
Problems can’t be solved at only one level
Different levels have different advantages & disadvantages
Solutions need cooperation between & within levels
** Promote multistakeholder participation (at all levels)
IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp
Sixteenth Senior Officials Meeting (SOM) of NEASPEC, 1-2 September, Seoul, Korea
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Proposals on UN Structure—
Institutional Structure for Sustainable development (IFSD)
1. Need an umbrella organization for sustainable development.



Option (1) ECOSOC with official sustainable development mandate
Option (2) new Sustainable Development Council
Option (3) reformed CSD
Should undertake assessments of the progress towards SD
Should have participation of environment and non-environment
ministers
2. Need a high level individual person to promote sustainable
development

e.g. High Commissioner of Sustainable Development
3. Greater Participation and Coordination with Bretton Woods
Institutions and Multilateral Development Banks
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Sixteenth Senior Officials Meeting (SOM) of NEASPEC, 1-2 September, Seoul, Korea
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Proposals on UN Structure—
International Environmental Governance (IEG)
4. UNEP enhancement – 2 phases reform
Short-term: Universal membership of UNEP Governing
Council


Enhance legitimacy of UNEP’s actions and decisions
Enable better coordination of multilateral environment
agreements (e.g. timing of meetings)
Mid- and Long-term: World (or UN) Environment
Organization



Increased mandate and autonomy
Enhanced capacity building function in national policy
formulation and reporting, in MEA implementation,
coordinating with others such as UNDP and World Bank, in
line with the “One UN” concept.
Should have more regular and predictable funding
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Sixteenth Senior Officials Meeting (SOM) of NEASPEC, 1-2 September, Seoul, Korea
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Proposals on UN Structure—
International Environmental Governance (IEG)
Source: Thrust of IEG Reform
(Olsen, 2011)
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Sixteenth Senior Officials Meeting (SOM) of NEASPEC, 1-2 September, Seoul, Korea
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IEG implications for Asia-Pacific region



Many countries are facing serious environmental
challenges
Need more capacity development & information sharing
Many underfunded small existing international cooperation
mechanisms resulting in fragmentation and overlap
 Regional
organization for capacity development and
information sharing, e.g. Asia-Pacific Environmental
Focal Point with Asia-Pacific Topic Centres
 An organization could be new or based on existing
ones
IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp
Sixteenth Senior Officials Meeting (SOM) of NEASPEC, 1-2 September, Seoul, Korea
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Funding for Environment

Environment funding is low

Need to Consider New Potential Sources
–
–
e.g. Reallocation from national defense budgets (e.g. 0.5% )
 Investment for avoiding security issues derived from
environmental problems, resource scarcity, environmental
refugees, etc.
e.g. International tax on currency transactions, international air travel,
etc.
 Collaborative international efforts (not dependent on contributions
from governments)
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Sixteenth Senior Officials Meeting (SOM) of NEASPEC, 1-2 September, Seoul, Korea
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Overall implications for NEA



Information sharing and further cooperation on resilience
and sustainability could be promoted in the existing
frameworks, such as NEASPEC and TEMM.
Green Economy/Green Growth concepts and activities,
actively promoted by the Republic of Korea and
UNESCAP could be further mainstreamed in other
countries. Cooperation frameworks in NEA could be
further strengthend.
Strengthening IFSD/IEG is necessary at a sub-regional
level. Streamlining the current institutional frameworks
could contribute to this objective.
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Sixteenth Senior Officials Meeting (SOM) of NEASPEC, 1-2 September, Seoul, Korea
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Thank you very much for your attention.
http://www.iges.or.jp/
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Sixteenth Senior Officials Meeting (SOM) of NEASPEC, 1-2 September, Seoul, Korea
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