Biology Homework Chapter 5: The Cell Pages 115 - 133 Answer the questions with complete thoughts! * Sections 5.1 through 5.3: Cells Are the Units of Life: Read pages 115 to 122. PART A: Using index cards, put the term on the front and its definition in your own words on the backside. Cytology Prokaryote Organelle Microscope Eukaryote PART B: 1. In your own words explain this statement: Cells are the basic unit of life. 2. Define: Unicellular Multicellular 3. State the Cell Theory. (2 main ideas) 4. Summarize the achievements of the following people. Use the book and your lecture notes. a. Anton van Leeuwenhoek b. Robert Hooke c. Schleiden and Schwann d. Rudolph Virchow e. Louis Pasteur Page 1 of 7 5. How have the use of stains and dyes helped biologists to understand the structure of the cell? 6. Draw and label the 3 basic regions of a cell, (cell membrane, cytoplasm & nuclear region) 7. Compare the Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes by writing “yes or no” below. Characteristic Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Nucleus DNA Organelles* Size (give in micrometers) *Indicate if ever present in any organisms of this type PART C: 1. Read, study and know pages 115 - 122. Answer the questions in complete intelligent answers. A. Compare the advantages of the light, phase contrast, and electron microscopes. B. Describe the major differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. C. How has the meaning of the word cell changed since the time of Robert Hooke? Continued on next page Page 2 of 7 2. At one time people believed that organisms could form spontaneously from nonliving matter. Evaluate (respond to) this belief in light of the cell theory. Your answer needs to be a minimum of two paragraphs. * Sections 5.4 and 5.5: Cell Structure: Read pages 122 - 124 PART A: On index cards, put the term on the front and its definition in your own words on the back. CELL WALL CYTOPLASM PART B: 1. Give two ways plant and animal cells are different. Page 3 of 7 Continued on next page 2. Describe the FUNCTION of each of the following: NUCLEUS MITOCHONDRIA FLAGELLA LYSOSOMES RIBOSOMES CHLOROPLASTS CYTOSKELETON VACUOLES PART C: Read, study and know pages 122 - 124. Answer the questions in complete intelligent answers. 1. Describe the structure and function of the cell membrane. 2. In the web of life, plants are producers (autotrophs). A) What unique plant cell organelles (two) help plants with this role? B) What do they do? 3. Between which cell types is the difference greater – plant and animal cells or between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? Give reasons to support your answer. Page 4 of 7 4. In mammals, cells that produce movement (e.g. muscle cells) have many more mitochondria than do some other cells in the body. What might be the explanation for this observation? ****************************************************************************** * Sections 5.6 and 5.7: Cell Functions: Read pages 124 - 127 PART A: Using index cards, put the term on the front and its definition in your own words on the backside. Metabolism Diffusion Osmosis Plasma membrane (also known as Cell membrane) PART B: Refer to the demonstration performed by Mr. James for questions 1 and 2 below: 1. Make a prediction (hypothesis) about what you think will happen to the mass (grams) of the egg when placed in seawater water overnight. ** Support your prediction with a scientific explanation and a drawing! Hint: use terms such as osmosis and water concentration NEXT DAY: 2. Following the Demonstration, answer questions a and b below: a) Briefly explain why the egg changed the way it did in the seawater. b) What do you think will happen to the egg if it were to be put into distilled water overnight? Please use a drawing as well. Page 5 of 7 * Sections 5.6 and 5.7: Cell Functions: Read pages 124 – 127. PART C: 1. Discuss how the cell membrane is like or (analogous to) a screen door. 2. Draw and label the cell membrane. Be sure to include: phospholipids, transport proteins, cholesterol molecules, and cell surface marker. (See Figure 5.12, page 127) ****************************************************************************** * Sections 5.9 through 5.11: Read pages 128 - 132 PART A: Using index cards, put the term on the front and its definition in your own words on the backside. Chromosomes Cell cycle Mitosis Cellular reproduction PART B: 1. Why might diffusion limit the size of a cell? 2. What happens during INTERPHASE? 3. What must be duplicated (make copies of) before a cell can divide? 4. When a cell is not in INTERPHASE what stage must it be in? (See figure 5.14; page 128) 5. The division stage of the cell cycle is called MITOSIS, what are the names of its four phases? 6. What is the biological importance of cell division? Page 6 of 7 PART C: 1. If a cell has 15 chromosomes in the nucleus during the G1 phase, how many chromosomes will it have during G2? 2. If a cell has 20 chromosomes in the nucleus at the end of the S phase, how many chromosomes did it have during the G1 phase? 3. If a cell has 30 chromosomes in the nucleus during the G1 phase, how many chromosomes will each of the two daughter cells have? 4. How are the two daughter cells formed from mitosis similar to their parent cell? Page 7 of 7