History of Styles Report

History of Styles Report
To what extent did the
Bauhaus influence 20th
Century Design ?
1. Bauhaus Poster
By Nathalie Marsan, KLC Pawson group, February 2014
2.Twentieth Century
Design Classics
Bauhaus (1919-1933)
TIMELINE
•
Bauhaus was founded in 1919 by Architect
Walter Bauhaus – the school merged two
schools together: Fine Arts and Applied Arts.
•
The school existed in three German cities:
Weimar from 1919 to 1925
Dessau from 1925 to 1932
Berlin from 1932 to 1933
•
The school was under three different architectdirectors:
Walter Gropius – 1919/1928
Hannes Meyer – 1928/1930
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe -1930/1933
• The school was closed by the Nazi in 1933.
3. The Bauhaus, Dessau
4. Bauhaus poster
Bauhaus is a German expression meaning "house for building“
By Nathalie Marsan, KLC Pawson group, February 2014
2
Walter Gropius (1883-1969)
“Let us desire,
conceive and create
the new building of
the future together;
It will combine
architecture,
sculpture, and
painting in a single
form.” (Walter
Gropius)
“A world has been
destroyed; we
must seek a
radical solution.”
(Walter Gropius)
WALTER GROPIUS
• Professor and Architect.
• Lots of Arts movement at the time
(Russian constructivism, modernist,
cubist..); people wanted to learn,
experiments and pull themselves out of
the ruins caused by the First World War.
• Many Bauhaus teachers were ground
breaking, modernist artists and designers:
Paul Klee
Wassily Kandinsky
Laszlo Moholy-Nagy
Josef Albers
Oskar Schlemmer…
5. Walter Gropius
By Nathalie Marsan, KLC Pawson group, February 2014
3
Influence of Arts movements
Bauhaus took his
inspiration from
the art world, like
the Cubist
movement of the
time.
6. Bâle by Jean Gris,
1919
7. Tree musicians by Pablo
Picasso, 1921
8.Guitar and composer
by Jean Gris, 1926-27
.
Bauhaus clean,
simple style, using
abstract, angular
and geometric
forms.
9. Cercles in the cercle
by Wassily
Kandinsky1923
10. Isometric drawing of
11. Bauhaus
Walter Gropius’s study by
Poster, 1923
Herbert Bayer, 1923
By Nathalie Marsan, KLC Pawson group, February 2014
12.
Bauhaus Philosophy
1 - Absence of Ornamentation
•
12. Art nouveau
Lamp
Example of Art Nouveau style:
beautifully crafted, but are the
ornamental details bring any
functional purpose?
13. Hector Guimard
metro, Paris.
2 - Harmony of Function + Form
The Bauhaus followed the dictum of: “Form
Follows Function” by American Architect
Louis Sullivan, 1896
14. Victorian, bronze
door-knob
15. Bauhaus Door Knob by
Walter Gropius, 1923
By Nathalie Marsan, KLC Pawson group, February 2014
5
Bauhaus Philosophy
3 - Harmony of Craftsmanship & Mass Production
•
Example of Bauhaus Nesting
table by Josef Albers, Five
separate tables that fit into the
footprint of one.
16. Bauhaus Nesting
tables byJosef Albers,
1926
4- “Minimal” is the whole point and it’s
isn’t an aesthetic
• Inspired by the bent form of a
bicycle handlebar, the Wasilly
chair was revolutionary in the
use of the materials (bent
tubular steel and canvas) and
methods of manufacturing.
17. Bauhaus Wasilly Chair,
designed by Marcel Breuer, 1925
Motto by Ludwig Mies van der
Rohe “Less is more”
By Nathalie Marsan, KLC Pawson group, February 2014
6
Bauhaus architecture
• The publically-funded school assisted
the government with affordable
housing designs to accommodate the
ordinary man on the street, such as
Weimar's 1923 House "Am Horn”.
18. Am Horn, 1923
Bauhaus buildings have flat roofs, smooth
façades and cubic shapes. Colors are usually
white, gray, beige or black. Floor plans are open
and furniture are functional.
19. Walter Groupius house,
Lincoln, 1938
By Nathalie Marsan, KLC Pawson group, February 2014
20. Gropius House Plan &
Elevations
7
Bauhaus furniture
•
•
Bauhaus design was utilized by industry for mass production.
Classic Bauhaus colors tended to be neutral - most often chromium, black and white, brown and grey; occasionally
bright, primary colors would be used.
•
Bauhaus designers were prepared to experiment with innovative materials - commonly their furniture included
combinations of steel, glass, wood, leather, plywood and woven textiles.
21. Table lamp
Wagenfield, 19231924
22. Le Corbusier LC2
Arm Chair, 1928
23. Peter Keler
Bauhaus-Cradle, 1922
By Nathalie Marsan, KLC Pawson group, February 2014
24. Barcelone table by
Mies van der Rohe,1928
8
The new Bauhaus
•
25. Commercial office
Tower. Glass and bronze
Seagram Building in New
York, by Ludwig Mies van
der Rohe and Philip
Johnson, 1954-1958
The New Bauhaus, founded in
1937 in Chicago, was the
immediate successor to the
Bauhaus dissolved in 1933 under
National Socialist pressure.
•
Laszlo Moholy-Nagy was
founding director of the New
Bauhaus.
•
The Bauhaus architecture had
been concerned with the social
aspects of design. The American
form of Bauhaus architecture is
the America's International Style
and it became a symbolism of
Capitalism: It is the favored
architecture for office buildings,
and is also found in upscale
homes built for the rich.
26. Elevation of the
Seagram Building
By Nathalie Marsan, KLC Pawson group, February 2014
9
New Bauhaus/Postmodernist
•
“
•
27. Molded
Plywood Chair
by Charles
Eames, 1946
28. Fiberglass Shell
Rocker Chair, by
Charles Eames, 1948
29. Lounge Chair by
Charles Eames, 1956
30. RCP2 chair by
Jane Atfield, 1996
The modernist mantra less is
more, was transformed into “less
is a bore” by Robert venture,
postmodernism architect.
31. Proust
Geometrica chair by
Alessandro Mendini,
1978
32.Portland Building
by Micheal Graves,
1982
By Nathalie Marsan, KLC Pawson group, February 2014
By 1930, Modernism
has entered the
mainstream.
After the Second
World War,
commodities and
design objects
became more widely
available and with
new technology and
materials, like plastics,
designers fully
embraced mass
production, making
modern design
available to
everybody.
10
Bauhaus Legacy
•
Many of the designs that we take for granted through the 20th Century came from the Bauhaus experience.
Clean lines, simplicity, clarity..
“..the company’s ideology is inspired by the Bauhaus, especially the idea that high-design objects could be
affordable to the masses.” by Mats Nilsson, Ikea Product Design Strategist.
33. Bauhaus Chest of Drawers,
designed by Marcel Breuer, 1936
34. MALM Chest
of drawers
35. Example of a modern, clean line Ikéa
bedroom
By Nathalie Marsan, KLC Pawson group, February 2014
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Conclusion
“New design should take Bauhaus as its starting point and relate
more to the functionality and true character.” Steve Jobs, 1983
• The Bauhaus was the 20th century’s most influential design movement.
• In the 21st Century, Bauhaus influence is still strong among contemporary
architects and designers; not to mention the number of Bauhaus furniture
reproductions that continue to be manufactured in many parts of the
world today.
37. Egg chair by
Arne Jacobsen,1958,
3000 Pounds
38. Terence
Conran Glove
Chair, 2000
Pounds
36. Quote by Steve Jobs
By Nathalie Marsan, KLC Pawson gup, February 2014
39. Egg chair
replica inspired
by Arne
Jacobson, 740
Pounds
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Works-Consulted list
Exposition:
• Museum of Modern Arts of Paris, Decorum, carpet and textiles of artists, October 11-February 09, 2014, Paris.
Notes:
• KLC School of Design. Diploma in Interior Design. Fuel Design Press, UK. 2011. Print Coursework.
Books:
• Droste, Magdalena, Bauhaus, Taschen, Germany, 2013
• Droste, Magdalena, BAUHAUS Bauhaus archive, Taschen, Berlin, 2013
• James-Chakraborty, Kathleen, BAUHAUS CULTURE from Weimar to the cold war, USA, 2006
• Wilk, Christopher, 1914-1939 Modernism designing a new world, London, 2006
By Nathalie Marsan, KLC Pawson group, February 2014
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Works-Consulted list
Internet sites:
• http://jesssmithgraphics.wordpress.com/2013/03/25/bauhaus-essay/
• http://thebauhaus.org/thebauhaus/
• http://www.gamevortex.com/gamevortex/movie_rev.php/1841/bauhaus--the-face-of-the-20th-century-dvd.html
• http://99designs.com/designer-blog/2013/08/15/know-your-design-history-the-bauhaus-movement/
• http://io9.com/bauhaus-retro-futuristic-design-of-the-20th-century-1519754919
• http://smtai.wordpress.com/tag/walter-gropius/
• http://www.cultourinaria.com/uploads/Bauhaus_Artists.pdf
• http://www.arthistoryarchive.com/arthistory/constructivism/
• http://www.furniturestyles.net/european/german/bauhaus.html
• http://www.newrepublic.com/article/books-and-arts/magazine/100978/form-fortune-steve-jobs-philosopher
By Nathalie Marsan, KLC Pawson group, February 2014
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Works-Consulted list
Internet sites:
• http://www.vintage-retro-design.com/vintage-armchair-styles/
• http://www.bonhams.com/auctions/15831/lot/345/
• http://www.leblogdeco.fr/fauteuil-oeuf-egg-chair-jacobsen/
• http://www.designandfurniture.com/fr/fauteuils/41-egg-chair-cuir.html
• http://styledhaven.com/tag/chair-inspiration/
• http://www.archiexpo.com/prod/tecnoline/design-door-handles-walter-gropius-bauhaus-60765-835174.html
• http://www.ask.com/question/who-said-form-follows-function
• http://isd1jackholloway.blogspot.fr/2010/01/history-theory-project-1.html
• http://www.artdecodesignshop.com/lc2-armchair-corbusier-1928-furniture-85.artdeco
• http://www.thinkerbelle.me/2009/11/bauhaus-part-2-re-discovery/
By Nathalie Marsan, KLC Pawson group, February 2014
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Works-Consulted list
Videos:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wUb1ficeiD8

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nVDYbwYsOdw

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aM0EwrSo7Jc
By Nathalie Marsan, KLC Pawson group, February 2014
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Photo credits
1. Jessica Smith graphics, Bauhaus Essay, March 25, 2013. Internet. http://jesssmithgraphics.wordpress.com/2013/03/25/bauhaus-essay/
2. Quay, Anthea, 20th Century Design Classics From A To Z, June 18, 2013. Internet. http://designtaxi.com/news/358549/20th-Century-DesignClassics-From-A-To-Z/
3. Jessica Smith graphics, Bauhaus Essay, March 25, 2013. Internet. http://jesssmithgraphics.wordpress.com/2013/03/25/bauhaus-essay/
4. Jessica Smith graphics, Bauhaus Essay, March 25, 2013. Internet. http://jesssmithgraphics.wordpress.com/2013/03/25/bauhaus-essay/
5. Legendre, Mehdi, Walter Gropius, February 2014. Internet. http://www.pinterest.com/pin/349803096029080968/
6. Wikipedia, Cubisme, Juan Gris, 1919. Internent. http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubisme
7. Pellen, Guénola, Picasso et l’international cubist à Philadelphie. Mars 23, 2010. Internet. http://www.franceamerique.com/articles/2010/03/23/picasso_et_l_internationale_cubiste_a_philadelphie.html
8. Meseu National d’Art de Catalunya, Cubism and it’s Environment in the Telefonia Collection, December 2005-May 2006. Internet.
http://www.mnac.es/exposicions/exp_presents_f.jsp?lan=003&actualPage=null&id=00000009
9. Marion, Guy, Le Blog mathématique d’ABC Maths, Wassily Kandinsky, Mars 21, 2008. Internet.
http://abcmathsblog.blogspot.fr/2008/03/wassily-kandinsky.html
By Nathalie Marsan, KLC Pawson group, February 2014
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Photo credits
10. Heathcote, Edwin, Wallpaper, Bauhaus: Art as Life’ at the Barbican Art Gallery, London, May 2. 2012. Internet.
http://www.wallpaper.com/art/bauhaus-art-as-life-at-the-barbican-art-gallery-london/5768#62771
11. Fauth, Jurgen, Bauhaus Ausstellung Weimar, 1923. Internet. http://www.pinterest.com/pin/249386898086341399/
12. Bunyan, Marcus, Art Blart, Exhibition: “out of the forest: art nouveau lamp’s at the Nevada museum of art, reno. May 12, 2012. Internet.
https://www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&q=art+nouveau+lamp#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=OA-41xjjI4a6vM%253A%3B9yNy_HPfjR45M%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fartblart.files.wordpress.com%252F2012%252F05%252Fwisteria-lampweb.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fartblart.com%252F2012%252F05%252F12%252Fexhibition-out-of-the-forest-art-nouveau-lamps-at-thenevada-museum-of-art-reno%252F%3B900%3B1176
13. Art Nouveau and Art Deco, Hector Guimard: Metro, April 6, 2011. Internet.
http://artnouveauanddeco.tumblr.com/post/4396746776/hector-guimard-metro
14. Gallery Johny English on Flickr, Details on original Victorian, bronze door-knob. March 26, 2010, Internet.
http://www.flickr.com/photos/johnnyenglish/4473784279/
15. Covert, Adrian, 8 Beautiful Things From Bauhaus: The Single Most Influential School Of Design. Bauhaus Door Knob, June 14, 2012.
Internet.https://www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&q=WALTER+GROPIUS+DOORKNOBS#q=WALTER+GROPIUS+DOOR+KNOBS&spell=1&tbm
=isch&facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=LSak7oRSp7SrLM%253A%3Baj_DdzmWoCox9M%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fimg.gawkerassets.com%252Fimg%
252F17po6u7uzbid3jpg%252Foriginal.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.gizmodo.com.au%252F2012%252F06%252F8-beautiful-things-frombauhaus-the-single-most-influential-school-of-design%252F%3B960%3B540
By Nathalie Marsan, KLC Pawson group, February 2014
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Photo credits
16. AR Global Design. Edited. Josef Albers & Vitra’s, Bauhaus Nesting Tables. Internet. http://www.aplusrstore.com/product/682/bauhausnesting-tables
17. Buziak, Ed, Wassily chair. February 2013. Internet. http://www.pinterest.com/pin/11118330300379392/
18: Kell, Daniela, Haus am Horn, February 2012. Internet. http://www.pinterest.com/pin/194569646370741086/
19: BA ISD Blog, History & Theory, Project 1, Gropius House (1937/38) by Walter Gropius, January 18, 2010. Internet.
http://isd1jackholloway.blogspot.fr/2010/01/history-theory-project-1.html
20: BA ISD Blog, History & Theory, Project 1, Gropius House Plans & Elevations, January 18, 2010. Internet.
http://isd1jackholloway.blogspot.fr/2010/01/history-theory-project-1.html
21. Bauhaus style furniture. Table lamp Wagenfield; 1923-1924. Internet. http://www.museumfurniture.com/bauhaus/
22. Bauhaus style furniture. Le Corbusier arm chair. Internet. http://www.museumfurniture.com/bauhaus/
23 Popsugar, Ga Ga or Gag: Peter Keler Bauhaus Cradle. Internet. http://www.lilsugar.com/Peter-Keler-Bauhaus-Cradle-Poll-978650
24. Bauhaus style furniture. Barcelona table, 1925-1926. Internet. http://www.museumfurniture.com/bauhaus/
By Nathalie Marsan, KLC Pawson group, February 2014
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Photo credits
25. Garnier, Caroline, Mies van der Rohe’s landmark Park Avenue skyscraper, the Seagram Building, was completed in 1958. Photo: Ezra
Stoller/Esto January 2014, Internet. http://www.pinterest.com/pin/313844667752699177/
26. On Something. Mies van der Rohe, Seagram Building, New York, New York, 1956. Internet.
http://onsomething.tumblr.com/post/32670761026.
27. Iconicinteriors, inspiration for your place, Eames Style Plywood DCW Dining Chair. Internet.
http://iconicinteriors.com/designer_furniture/category/designer_dining_chairs/eames_plywood_dcw_dining_chair/#.Uwo-cfl5Png
28. Fehrenbacher, Jill, Inhabitots, The Eames Eco Chic Modern Rocker, May 2008. Internet. http://www.inhabitots.com/the-eames-eco-chicmodern-rocker/
29. Designexemplars. Eames Lounge Chair, June 5, 2011. Internet. http://designexemplars.wordpress.com/2011/06/05/37/
30. Elle Décor Italia. Mobili da museo, La collezione di arredi del V&A. Internet. http://www.elledecor.it/design/Mobili-da-museo
31. Le Calvez, Elodie, “Proust” Geometrica chair by Alessandro Mendini from Postmodernist Italian Design Group “Studio Alchimica”.
January 2013. Internet. http://www.pinterest.com/pin/9429480439869311/
32. Legrand, Philippe, The Portland Building by Micheal Graves January 2014, Internet. http://www.pinterest.com/pin/90705379968260049/
33. Marcel Breuer Furniture. Marcel Breuer Rhoads Hall Chest of Drawers. Internet. http://www.1stdibs.com/creators/marcel-breuer/furniture/
By Nathalie Marsan, KLC Pawson group, February 2014
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Photo credits
34. Ikea, Wardrobes & Bedroom Storage, Chest of Drawers, MALM Chest of 3 drawers, Internet.
http://www.ikea.com/gb/en/catalog/categories/departments/bedroom/10451/
35. Ikea Bedroom Sets for Your Lovely Bedrooms. Internet.
https://www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&q=ikea+bedroom+interior#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=6GR2FfObDvNiGM%253A%3BVJzVwW_nrT
5ChM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.houseideas.org%252Fwp-content%252Fuploads%252F2012%252F11%252FIkea-bedroom-setsideas.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.houseideas.org%252Fikea-bedroom-sets-for-your-lovely-bedrooms.html%3B520%3B300
36. Featured/by Showcasing the digital culture. Design is ?, 21, 2012. Internet. February. http://featuredby.com/design-is
37. Ploemen Interieur. Fritz Hansen Egg Chair. Internet. http://ploemen.nl/collectie/zitten/fauteuils/fritz-hansen-egg-chair/
38. Fresh Design blog, Glove chair by Conran. September 30th, 2011. Internet. http://www.freshdesignblog.com/tag/conran/
39. The modern source, Egg Chair Reproduction. Internet. http://www.modern-source.com/collections/vendors?q=The+Modern+Source#
By Nathalie Marsan, KLC Pawson group, February 2014
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