Lalit Kumar et al. / International Journal of Computer Science & Engineering Technology (IJCSET) A REVIEW: Advancement in Single node data transfer energy protocol in WSN Lalit Kumar* School of computer science & engineering Bahra University Solan, India [email protected] Madhu sudan* School of computer science & Engineering Bahra University Solan, India [email protected] Abstract— Wireless sensor network (WSNs) gains the importance in both research and actual user. Energy saving is the major issue that is common in both. Now day maximum work in research field on the multiple hops data transmission for congestion control to increase lifetime of wireless network. We proposed a new data forwarding approach to be enhance lifetime in which we reduce the distance between the cluster head and base station by adding a gateway in WSNs. So we know as distance decrease the energy consumption by nodes for transmission decreases so lifetime also increases. This will consume less energy in long distance communication. On the bases of our survey life time of wireless network increase. During communication node consume less energy with fast data rate and this is able to transfer multimode data with delay reduction Keywords - Energy efficient protocol, multi hoping, leach, routing, and wireless sensor network I. INTRODUCTION The emerging field of wireless sensor networks combines sensing, computation, and communication into a single tiny device. A WSN having a ten to thousand node that communicate through wireless channels for information sharing and cooperative processing. A sensor node in wireless sensor network is typically equipped with a transducer, a radio transceiver, small micro-controller and a power source deployed in phenomena intended to monitor at diverse locations. Sensor node are capable of sensing many type of information from the environment including temperature ,light, humidity, pressure, wind direction and etc. they usually transmit the acquired data through RF channel to the base station or gateway. Now days, WSNs has a wide range of application areas such as industrial process monitoring & control, robot control, environmental monitoring, habitat monitoring, health care applications, home automation, object tracking, traffic control and etc. However, WSN has its own design and resource constraints issues in practices. Resource constraints include a limited energy, low range communication, low bandwidth, and limited processing power& storage capacity. The recent research in WSNs intend to convene these constraints by introducing new design concepts, creating or improving existing protocols, building new applications, and developing new algorithms. Many researchers are currently engaged in developing schemes that accomplish these requirements. In WSNs energy consumption is one of major issues which needs to be carefully consume by sensor node to “maximize the network lifetime”. Typically the sensor nodes are powered by small batteries which are incapable to power a long period. Generally, the sensors nodes are deployed in a left unattended area. In such situation feeding energy to the battery or replacing batteries is difficult or even not possible too. Therefore, prolonging the network lifetime is an important optimization goal in this aspect. Hence the energy consumption by whole network in every aspect needs to be minimized. Energy in the sensor nodes fulfils a very important need for real-time data recording from the sensors. So the current research directed towards; how to design an efficient and energy-awareness protocols in order to extend the lifetime of networks. ISSN : 2229-3345 Vol. 5 No. 05 May 2014 498 Lalit Kumar et al. / International Journal of Computer Science & Engineering Technology (IJCSET) Fig.1: BASIC ARCHITECTURE OF WSN II. RELATED WORK As we know there is huge work on the WSN in a different fields but now days most of the work based on maximize the life time of wireless sensor network. Energy efficiency is major issue in wireless sensor network. To the best utilization of the node energy or enhance the energy of nodes researcher find the no. of way to increase the WSN life time. In the wireless network there is no. of cluster which contain no. of nodes and these node make cluster head with in cluster. These cluster head communicate with the base station. This is the process happen in the both single hope and multi hope. In the previous work many algorithm for routing has been proposed as LEACH, HEED,PEGASIS,SEP, etc .but all these algorithm are single hope routing protocol who communicate node to node .On the bases of single node Rajesh Patail [2] proposed the Hierarchical protocol . In which the Hierarchical protocol leach is energy efficient for wireless sensor network. But we do survey on the multi hope routing for the energy efficiency. Obidul Iislam and Sajid Hussain proposed the multi hope to maximize the life time routing [11] using genetic algorithm. His algorithm generate sequence of routing path to maximize the system life time and they also propose the spanning tree based multi hope routing to maximize the life time of wireless network and present the edge cost function that balance energy of the node [11]. Neda Enami proposed the cluster based routing protocol through which SOM neural network which applies energy level and coordinates of node [8]. Parminder kaur proposed the network structure based protocol. This is based on energy efficiency hierarchical routing protocol for WSNs. energy consumption and network life time is major issue considered in it.[12] There are various protocol used in the wireless sensor network to enhance the lifetime. Some protocol discuss below: 1) Leach: Leach (low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy) routing protocol to minimizing the energy consumption and extending the network life time. Wireless sensor network is a network of sensor nodes having a limited energy to communication. Sensor depends on the trust of their battery of power which cannot be strengthened or substitute. So we need efficient design protocol to enhance the life time. Leach is energy efficient hierarchical based protocol. Leach centralized the node of cluster. It balances the energy expense, save the node energy and maximizes the life time of network. 2) MH-PEGASIS: MH-PEGASIS (power efficient gathering in sensor information system) is multi hops routing protocol to minimizing the energy consumption and extending the network life time. This protocol is a more efficient variant of the well known protocol PEGASIS. This protocol play important roll, which can minimize the delay while offering high energy efficiency and long span of network lifetime in WSNs. PEGASIS is based on the chain structure, as we know every chain have only one cluster head, it is in charge with every note's receiving and sending messages who belong to this chain, the cluster head consumes large energy that is why the times of every round increasing. 3) SEP: SAP (standard evaluation protocol) routing protocol to minimizing the energy consumption and enhance the life time. SEP is heterogeneous-aware protocol to prolong the time interval before the death of the first node, which is best for many applications where the feedback from the sensor network must be reliable. SEP is based on weighted election probabilities of every node to become cluster head according to the remaining energy in cluster of each node. ISSN : 2229-3345 Vol. 5 No. 05 May 2014 499 Lalit Kumar et al. / International Journal of Computer Science & Engineering Technology (IJCSET) Fig.2: Basic WSNs function III. PROPOSED WORK As we know in WSN when sensor are deployed in unstructured environment sensor nodes are typically powered by irreplaceable batteries with a limited amount of energy supply then we generally want sensor network to work as long as possible. So to achieve this we have to perform transmission with less power or less energy consumption. So we proposed a new data forwarding approach to enhance lifetime of wireless sensor network that introducing gateway nodes. We use gateway nodes in WSNs which lies between a clusters head and base station. Gateway nodes get the data from cluster and pass to base station. According to proposed system sensor will consume less energy in long distance communication and consume less energy than previous single hop protocols. Because the distance between cluster heads and base station is reduced by adding gateway nodes. So we know as distance decrease the energy consumption by nodes for transmission decreases so lifetime also increases. Some concepts of introducing intermediate nodes were already done so our main concept will be is to increase the gateway nodes or intermediate nodes in network and selection of those nodes by gateway will be totally based on shortest distance between them. In this proposed model we have no. of nodes that form the cluster with a cluster head. Cluster may be ten or thousand in wireless senor network .these cluster head communicate with a base station through gateway .the gateway is new concept we introduced to maximization of life time on the bases of gateway we enhance the life time with high data rate. Proposed WSNs function shows in fig:- Fig.3: Proposed WSNs function IV. CONCLUSION There are many methods and algorithm by which we can minimize the lifetime but most of the method based on single hop This paper describe the multi hope routing to maximize the life time of wireless sensor network(WSN). The technique that we use for the minimization reduce the time delay with fast data transfer consume the less energy and able to transfer multimode data. We propose gateway nodes which lie between cluster heads and main station so will consume less energy than previous single hop protocols. Because the distance between cluster heads and base station is reduced by adding gateway nodes. So we know as distance decrease the energy consumption by nodes for transmission decreases so lifetime also increases. One main concept which we are adding in it is to increase the gateway nodes or intermediate nodes in network. ISSN : 2229-3345 Vol. 5 No. 05 May 2014 500 Lalit Kumar et al. / International Journal of Computer Science & Engineering Technology (IJCSET) REFERENCES [1] Q. Nadeem, “M-GEAR: Gateway-Based Energy-Aware Multi-Hop Routing Protocol for WSNs”, arXiv: 1307.7105v1 [cs.NI] 26 Jul 2013. [2] Rajesh Patel, “Energy and Throughput Analysis of Hierarchical Routing Protocol (LEACH) for Wireless Sensor Network”, International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 887) Volume 20– No.4, April 2011. [3] B. Manzoor, “Q-LEACH: A new routing protocol for WSNs”, International Workshop on Body Area Sensor Networks (BASNet)2013. 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