ㄆ▱㻌㻝㻭㻹㻜㻢㻠㻌
᪥ᚰ➨ 㻣㻡 ᅇ኱఍䠄㻞㻜㻝㻝䠅㻌
どぬⓗ࣮࣡࢟ࣥࢢ࣓ࣔࣜಖᣢ࡟࠾ࡅࡿືᶵ௜ࡅࡢᚲせᛶ
‫⏣┿ۑ‬ཎ⾜㸯࣭㸰࣭ụ⏣ຌẎ㸯࣭ᮌᮧ೺ኴ㸱࣭㛗㇂ᕝᑑ୍㸯
㸦 ᮾி኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔⥲ྜᩥ໬◊✲⛉࣭㸰᪥ᮏᏛ⾡᣺⯆఍࣭㸱㛵すᏛ㝔኱Ꮫ㸧
࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ: ࣮࣡࢟ࣥࢢ࣓࣭ࣔࣜືᶵ௜ࡅ࣭ಖᣢ㐣⛬
㸯
Motivational effects on visual working memory maintenance
Motoyuki SANADA1,2, Koki IKEDA1, Kenta KIMURA3 and Toshikazu HASEGAWA1
(1Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The Univ of Tokyo., 2 JSPS., 3 Kwansei Gakuin University)
Key words: Working memory, Motivation, Maintenance
᪉ ἲ
ᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅ 19㹼26 ṓࡢ኱Ꮫ⏕࣭኱Ꮫ㝔⏕ 24 ྡࡀཧຍࡋ
ࡓࠋࡓࡔࡋ㧗ሗ㓘᮲௳ࡼࡾࡶ↓ሗ㓘᮲௳࡛ṇ⟅⋡ࡀ㧗࠿ࡗࡓ
4 ேࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ㝖ࡁ㸪20 ྡࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ゎᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ
่⃭࣭ᡭ⥆ࡁ グ᠈⏬㠃࡛ࡣ㸪ᖖ᫬ 5 ࡘࡢ㯮࠸㛗᪉ᙧࡀ࿊
♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢ㛗᪉ᙧࡢഴࡁࡣ㸪4 ᪉ྥ࠿ࡽࣛࣥࢲ࣒࡟㑅ᢥ
ࡉࢀ㸪ࡲࡓ࿊♧ࡉࢀࡿ఩⨨ࡶࣛࣥࢲ࣒࡟ኚ໬ࡋࡓࠋࢸࢫࢺ⏬
㠃࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪5 ࡘࡢ㛗᪉ᙧࡢ࠺ࡕ 1 ࡘࡢഴࡁࡀ㸪グ᠈⏬㠃࡜
ࡣ 50㸣ࡢ☜⋡࡛ኚ໬ࡋࡓࠋྛヨ⾜࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪㔠㖹ⓗ࡞ሗ㓘ࢆ
♧ࡍ㡢ᡭࡀ࠿ࡾ(500Hz࣭700Hz)ࡀ㸪ಖᣢᮇ㛫୰࡟ 2 ᅇ࿊♧ࡉ
ࢀࡓࠋ㡢ࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡣ㸪௨ୗࡢ 3 ✀㢮࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
㡢 A Ѝ 㡢 A ሗ㓘 0 point㸸0-0 ᮲௳㸪700 ヨ⾜/1 ᐇ㦂
㡢 B Ѝ 㡢 B ሗ㓘 100 point㸸100-100 ᮲௳㸪70 ヨ⾜/1 ᐇ㦂
㡢 A Ѝ 㡢 B ሗ㓘 100 point㸸0-100 ᮲௳㸪70 ヨ⾜/1 ᐇ㦂
(㡢 A ࡣ 0point ࢆ㸪㡢 B ࡣ 100point ࢆ♧ࡍ)
ಖᣢᮇ㛫(1700ms)
グ᠈⏬㠃
䝔䝇䝖⏬㠃
䘊
100ms
㡢1
50ms
SOA:600ms
䘊
㡢2
50ms
SOA:600ms
3000ms
⤖ ᯝ
ṇ⟅⋡࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ືᶵ௜ࡅࡢ᭷ព࡞୺ຠᯝࡀぢࡽࢀࡓ
(F(2,36)= 22.388, p> .001)ࠋୗ఩᳨ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪㧗ሗ㓘᮲௳
(100-100 ᮲௳࣭0-100 ᮲௳)࡟࠾ࡅࡿṇ⟅⋡ࡀ㸪↓ሗ㓘᮲௳(0-0
᮲௳)࡟ẚ࡭࡚᭷ព࡟㧗࠿ࡗࡓ(ࡑࢀࡒࢀ㸪p> .001 ࣭p= .002)ࠋ
ࡉࡽ࡟㸪100-100 ᮲௳࡟࠾ࡅࡿṇ⟅⋡࡜ 0-100 ᮲௳ࡢṇ⟅⋡࡜
ࡢ㐪࠸ࡣ㸪᭷ពᕪഴྥ࡟࠶ࡗࡓ(100-100 ᮲௳ > 0-100 ᮲௳㸪
p= .062)ࠋ
p=.062
80
ṇ⟅⋡(%)
┠ ⓗ
࣮࣡࢟ࣥࢢ࣓ࣔࣜ(WM)࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᝟ሗಖᣢᶵ⬟ࡢ⬟ືᛶࡣ㸪
㛗ᖺ㆟ㄽࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿ(Baddeley et al., 1986, Miller &
Desimone, 1994)ࠋࡇࡢ⬟ືᛶࡣ㸪
ࠕ᝟ሗࢆಖᣢࡋࡼ࠺ࠖ࡜ࡍࡿ
ពᚿ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕືᶵ௜ࡅ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᨭᣢࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࡇ
࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪ㄢ㢟ࢆ㐩ᡂࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿືᶵ௜ࡅࡢ㧗
ప࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ಖᣢᶵ⬟ࡢᛶ⬟ࡶᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ࡇࡢⅬࢆ┤᥋ⓗ࡟♧ࡋࡓ◊✲ࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝࡞࠸ࠋ
ఱᨾ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪WM ࡜ືᶵ௜ࡅࡢ㛵ಀࢆᢅࡗࡓඛ⾜◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪
ࡑࡢከࡃࡀ WM ㄢ㢟่⃭࿊♧ࡢ๓࡟ືᶵ௜ࡅ᧯సࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚
࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪WM ಖᣢ㐣⛬ࢆ௚ࡢ㐣⛬࡜༊ู࡛ࡁ࡚࠸࡞࠸࠿ࡽ
࡛࠶ࡿࠋ1 ࡘࡢ౛እ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪Leon & Shadlen (1999)ࡣ㸪࣐࢝ࢡ
ࢨࣝࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚ WM ㄢ㢟ࢆ⾜࠸㸪ಖᣢᮇ㛫୰࡟ືᶵ௜ࡅࢆ
᧯సࡍࡿᡭࡀ࠿ࡾࢆ࿊♧ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ᙼࡽࡣ㸪ືᶵࡀ⥔ᣢࡉ
ࢀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓሙྜ࡟ࡣㄢ㢟ᡂ⦼ࡀ᭷ព࡟ୗࡀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋ
ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࡇࡢ◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ືᶵ௜ࡅࡢ႙ኻ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪
ࡑࡶࡑࡶࣛࣥࢲ࣒࡞ゎ⟅ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ྍ⬟ᛶࢆ᤼㝖
࡛ࡁ࡚࠾ࡽࡎ㸪⣧⢋࡟ WM ಖᣢᶵ⬟࡟ᑐࡍࡿືᶵ௜ࡅࡢຠᯝ
ࢆ᳨ド࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡣゝ࠼࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ࡇࡢⅬ
࡟␃ពࡋࡓୖ࡛㸪ࣄࢺࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚ WM ㄢ㢟ࡢಖᣢᮇ㛫୰࡟
ືᶵ௜ࡅᡭࡀ࠿ࡾࢆᥦ♧ࡋ㸪WM ಖᣢᶵ⬟࡟ᑐࡍࡿືᶵ௜ࡅ
ࡢຠᯝࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋ
75
70
65
0-0
0-100
100-100
ᅗ2 ⤖ᯝ (ṇ⟅⋡)
⪃ ᐹ
ࡲࡎ㸪↓ሗ㓘᮲௳(0-0 ᮲௳)࡟࠾ࡅࡿṇ⟅⋡ࡢపୗࡣ㸪ࣛࣥ
ࢲ࣒࡞ゎ⟅ࡀࡑࡢせᅉࡢ 1 ࡘ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ↓ሗ㓘᮲௳࡛ࡣ㸪
ཧຍ⪅ࡣㄢ㢟ࢆṇ⟅ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ືᶵࢆᣢࡓ࡞࠸࠿ࡽ࡛
࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࡑࡢ୍᪉࡛㸪0-100 ᮲௳࡜ 100-100 ᮲௳࡛
ࡣ㸪ゎ⟅᫬࡟࠾ࡅࡿືᶵࡣྠ⛬ᗘ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡓࡵ㸪100-100
᮲௳࡟ẚ࡭࡚ࡢ 0-100 ᮲௳ࡢ᭷ពഴྥ࡞ᡂ⦼పୗࡣ㸪ࣛࣥࢲ
࣒࡞ゎ⟅࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡣ⪃࠼࡟ࡃ࠸ࠋࡴࡋࢁ㸪0-100 ᮲௳࡟
࠾࠸࡚ཧຍ⪅ࡀ᭱ึࡢ㡢ᡭࡀ࠿ࡾࢆ⪺࠸ࡓ㝿࡟ືᶵ௜ࡅࡀప
ୗࡋ㸪WM ෆࡢ᝟ሗಖᣢࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡓࡵ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
0-100 ᮲௳࡟࠾ࡅࡿᡂ⦼పୗࡢࡶ࠺ 1 ࡘࡢཎᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪2 ᅇ
┠ࡢ㡢ᡭࡀ࠿ࡾ࡟ཧຍ⪅ࡀ㦫࠸ࡓ࠿ࡽ࡜࠸࠺ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪
ࡑࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡣప࠸ࠋ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ㸪0-100 ᮲௳㸪100-100 ᮲௳ࡣ
࡝ࡕࡽ࡜ࡶ඲ 700 ヨ⾜୰ 70 ヨ⾜࡜ྠࡌ☜⋡࡛⌧ࢀࡿࡓࡵ㸪⛥
࡞㡢࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡢ㦫ࡁࡀᡂ⦼పୗࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡋࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸪
୧᮲௳ࡢᡂ⦼࡟ኚ໬ࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡣࡎࡔ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
௨ୖ࠿ࡽᮏ◊✲ࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ㸪WM ࡢಖᣢᶵ⬟ࡀືᶵ௜ࡅ࡟ࡼ
ࡗ࡚ᨭᣢࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┤᥋ⓗ࡟♧ࡍࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋ
ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩
255, 556-559
Baddeley, A. (1986) Working memory. Science,2
Miller,M.K., & Desimone,R. (1994) Parallel Neuronal
263, 520-522
Mechanisms for Short-Term Memory. Science,2
Leon,M.I. & Shadlen,M.N.(1999) Effect of Expected Reward
Magnitude on the Response of Neurons in the Dorsolateral
24,415-425
Prefrontal Cortex of the Macaque. Neuron,2
ᅗ1 ᐇ㦂ᡭ⥆䛝
̿ 572 ̿