9. 認知 3EV-093 日心第77回大会(2013) ࣅࢹ࢜ㅮ⩏ど⫈୰ࡢ࣐ࣥࢻ࣡ࣥࢲࣜࣥࢢᙳ㡪ࡍࡿㄆ▱ⓗせᅉ 㛵 ཱྀ ㈗ ⿱ 㸦ᮾிᏛⱁᏛ࣭ᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫㅮᗙ㸧 ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ㸸ㄢ㢟↓㛵㐃ᛮ⪃㸪ᐇ⾜ᶵ⬟㸪ᢚไ Cognitive factors that influence the occurrence of mind wandering during watching a video lecture Takahiro SEKIGUCHI (Department of Educational Psychology, Tokyo Gakugei University) Key Words: Task-unrelated thought, Executive functions, Inhibition ᡃࠎࡣ㸪ㄞ᭩୰ࡸసᴗ୰࡞㸪ࡋࡤࡋࡤࡑࢀ㛵ಀࡢ࡞ ࠸ࡇࢆ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺㸪ὀពࡀ⌧ᅾࡢㄢ㢟ࡽࡑ ࢀ࡚㸪ࡑࢀ↓㛵ಀ࡞ෆⓗᛮ⪃⛣ࢁ࠺ࡇࢆ࣐ࣥࢻ࣡ ࣥࢲࣜࣥࢢ㸦MW㸧࠸࠺㸦Smallwood & Schooler, 2006㸧 ࠋ MW 㛵ࡍࡿ㏆ᖺࡢ◊✲ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ㉳ࡇࡾࡸࡍࡉಶேᕪࡀ ࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࡀ࣮࣡࢟ࣥࢢ࣓ࣔࣜ௦⾲ࡉࢀࡿᐇ⾜ᶵ⬟ࡢಶே ᕪࢆᫎࡍࡿࡇࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦e.g., McVay & Kane, 2012)ࠋ ࡇࢀࡽࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪Go/no-go ㄢ㢟࡞ࡢᣢ⥆ⓗὀពㄢ㢟ࢆཧ ຍ⪅ㄢࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ᭱୰ᛮ⪃ࢧࣥࣉࣜࣥࢢࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡛ MW ࡢ⏕㉳⋡ࢆㄪ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍᪉㸪MW ࡣᤵᴗࡸㅮ⩏࡞㸪ேࡢ ヰࢆཷືⓗ⫈ࡃ㝿ࡶከࡃ⏕㉳ࡍࡿ㸦㛵ཱྀ㸪2012㸧ࠋㅮ⩏୰ ࡢ MW ࡣ㸪 ᩍ⫱ሙ㠃ࡢ㔜せ࡞ၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸦Risko, et al, 2012㸧㸪 ࡑࢀࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓ◊✲ࡣᑡ࡞ࡃ㸪ㅮ⩏୰ࡢ MW ࡢ㉳ࡇࡾࡸࡍ ࡉࡀ㸪ࡢㄢ㢟࡛ ᐃࡉࢀࡓ MW ഴྥྠࡌࡶࡢࢆᫎࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡿ㸪ࡑࢀࡶ༢ᤵᴗᑐࡍࡿ⯆࣭㛵ᚰࡢ㐪࠸࡛Ỵࡲ ࡿࡢࡣ᫂☜࡛࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ཧຍ⪅ࡀࣅࢹ࢜ㅮ ⩏ࢆど⫈ࡍࡿ㝿ࡢ MW ⏕㉳⋡ࢆㄪ㸪ࡑࡢಶேᕪࡀࡢㄢ㢟 ࡛ ᐃࡋࡓ MW ഴྥࡢ⛬ᗘ㸪㛵ಀࡍࡿ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࡇ ࢆ➨㸯ࡢ┠ⓗࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀຍ࠼ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ᐇ⾜ᶵ⬟࠾ ࡼࡧᢚไᶵ⬟㛵ࡍࡿ Miyake, et al (2000)㸪Friedman & Miyake (2004) ࢆཧ⪃㸪MW ᙳ㡪ࡋ࠺ࡿㄆ▱ᶵ⬟ࡋ࡚ 4 ࡘࡢ⬟ ຊ㸦࣮࣡࢟ࣥࢢ࣓ࣔࣜ᭦᪂㸪ࢩࣇࢸࣥࢢ㸪ඃໃᛂᢚไ㸪 㡰ྥᖸ΅ࡢ⪏ᛶ㸧ࢆᐃࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࢆ ᐃࡍࡿㄢ㢟ࡢᡂ⦼ ࣅࢹ࢜ㅮ⩏ど⫈୰ࡢ MW ⏕㉳⋡ࡢ㛵ಀࡶ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋ ᪉ ἲ Ꮫ⏕ 33 ྡᑐࡋ㸪௨ୗࡢㄢ㢟ࢆ 2 ᪥ศࡅ࡚ᐇࡋࡓࠋ 1) ࣐ࣥࢻ࣡ࣥࢲࣜࣥࢢㄢ㢟 ࣅࢹ࢜ㅮ⩏ㄢ㢟 ࠕᏛࡧࠖࡘ࠸࡚ㄝ᫂ࡋࡓᶍᨃᤵᴗࡢ 㘓ᫎീࢆ PC ⏬㠃ୖ࡛࿊♧ࠋど⫈㛫ࡣ 14 ศ 30 ⛊ࠋど⫈୰ 45㹼90 ⛊㛫㝸࡛ᛮ⪃ࢧࣥࣉࣜࣥࢢࢆ⾜࠸㸪 MW ⏕㉳⋡ࢆ⟬ฟࠋ ⤊ᚋ㸪 ࠕ㠃ⓑࡗࡓࠖ➼㸪ෆᐜ㛵ࡍࡿ 5 ẁ㝵ホ౯ࢆᐇࠋ ព go/no-go ㄢ㢟 ື≀࡛࡞࠸༢ㄒࢆ no-go ่⃭ࡋࡓ go/no-go ㄢ㢟 480 ヨ⾜୰ᛮ⪃ࢧࣥࣉࣜࣥࢢࢆ 20 ᅇᐇࠋ ᩘᏐ 1 ࣂࢵࢡㄢ㢟 ྠࡌᩘᏐࡀ 2 ᅇ㐃⥆ࡋࡓࢆุ᩿ࡍࡿ ㄢ㢟 400 ヨ⾜୰ヨ⾜ࢧࣥࣉࣜࣥࢢࢆ 16 ᅇᐇࠋ 2) ࣮࣡࢟ࣥࢢ࣓ࣔࣜ᭦᪂ㄢ㢟 ✵㛫 3 ࣂࢵࢡㄢ㢟 ⏬㠃ᩓࡽࡤࡗࡓࣈࣟࢵࢡࡀ 1 ࡘࡎࡘ ගࡿᗘ㸪ࡑࢀࡀ 3 ヨ⾜๓ྠࡌሙᡤࢆุ᩿ࡍࡿㄢ㢟ࠋ ࣮࢟ࣉࢺࣛࢵࢡㄢ㢟 ⏬㠃⌧ࢀࡿ༢ㄒࢆぢ࡚㸪4 ࡲࡓࡣ 5 ࡘࡢ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࡢࡑࢀࡒࢀᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡿ༢ㄒࢆ᭦᪂ࡍࡿㄢ㢟ࠋ 3) ࢩࣇࢸࣥࢢㄢ㢟 ㊊ࡋ⟬࣭ᘬࡁ⟬ㄢ㢟 ㊊ࡋ⟬ᘬࡁ⟬ࢆ⾜࠺ㄢ㢟 ୍᪉ࡢィ⟬ࡢࡳࢆ⾜࠺ㄢ㢟ࡢ㛫࡛㐙⾜㛫ࡢᕪࢆ⟬ฟࠋ ᩥᏐ࣭ᩘᏐㄢ㢟 ᩥᏐㄢ㢟ᩘᏐㄢ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ྠࡌㄢ㢟 ࡀ⥆ࡃሙྜ㐪࠺ㄢ㢟ኚࢃࡿሙྜࡢᛂ㛫ࡢᕪࢆ⟬ฟࠋ 㛫୰ᛶ่⃭㸦㸨㸨㸧ࡢ࿊♧Ⰽྡ㛫ࡢᕪࢆ⟬ฟࠋ ࢫࢺࢵࣉಙྕㄢ㢟 ࢫࢺࢵࣉಙྕ࿊♧ࡢࡳᛂࢆṆࡍ ࡿㄒᙡุ᩿ㄢ㢟ࠋࢫࢺࢵࣉಙྕ RT㸦Logan, 1994㸧ࢆ⟬ฟࠋ 5) 㡰ྥᖸ΅ࡢ⪏ᛶㄢ㢟 Brown-Peterson ㄢ㢟 ྠࡌ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࡽ࡞ࡿ㸰ࡘࡢ༢ㄒ ࣜࢫࢺࡢ⮬⏤⏕ࢆ⥆ࡅࡓሙྜࡢ⏕ᡂ⦼ࡢపୗࢆ⟬ฟࠋ AB-AC ㄢ㢟 ᑐ㐃ྜᏛ⩦ㄢ㢟࠾࠸࡚࣌ࡢ୍᪉ࡢࡳࢆኚ ࠼ࡓ㸦A࣭%ĺ$࣭C㸧ࡇࡼࡿᡂ⦼ࡢపୗࢆ⟬ฟࠋ ⤖ᯝ࠾ࡼࡧ⪃ᐹ 1) ࣅࢹ࢜ㅮ⩏୰ࡢ MW ⏕㉳⋡ MW ഴྥࡢ㛵ಀ ᛮ⪃ࢧࣥࣉࣜࣥࢢ࡛ࠕㅮ⩏↓㛵ಀ࡞ࡇࢆ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡓࠖ ᅇ⟅ࡋࡓྜࢆ MW ⏕㉳⋡ࡋ࡚⟬ฟࡋࡓࠋࣅࢹ࢜ㅮ⩏୰ ࡢ MW ⏕㉳⋡ࡣ㸪ព go/no-go ㄢ㢟㸪ᩘᏐ 1 ࣂࢵࢡㄢ㢟୰ࡢ MW ⏕㉳⋡㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ r =.49㸦p < .05㸧 㸪r = .58㸦p < .01㸧࡛ ୰⛬ᗘࡢ┦㛵ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ෆᐜ㛵ࡍࡿࠕ㠃ⓑࡗࡓࠖ ࠕ㛵ᚰࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠖࡢホᐃ್ࡶ㸪ࡶ r = -.40㸦p < .05㸧࡛ ㈇ࡢ┦㛵ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋ 2 ࡘࡢㄢ㢟ࡢᖹᆒ MW ⏕㉳⋡ 㸦MW ഴྥ㸧 ࠕ㠃ⓑࡗࡓࠖ ࠕ㛵ᚰࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠖࡢホᐃ್ࡢྜィ㸦⯆࣭㛵 ᚰ㸧ࢆ⊂❧ኚᩘࡋ㸪ࣅࢹ࢜ㅮ⩏୰ࡢ MW ⏕㉳⋡ᑐࡍࡿ㔜 ᅇᖐศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡇࢁ㸪MW ഴྥ㸦ȕ = .52㸧⯆࣭㛵ᚰ 㸦ȕ = -.40㸧ࡢᙳ㡪ࡀࡶ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦R2 = .48㸧 ࠋࡇࡢ⤖ ᯝࡣ㸪ㅮ⩏୰ࡢ MW ⏕㉳⋡ࡀ㸪ෆᐜ㛵ࡍࡿ⯆࣭㛵ᚰࡔࡅ ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪ಶேࡢ MW ഴྥࡢᙳ㡪ࡶཷࡅࡿࡇࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 2) ࣅࢹ࢜ㅮ⩏ㄢ㢟ࡢ MW ㄢ㢟ࡢ MW ⏕㉳⋡ࡢ㛵ಀ ⾲ 1 ࡣ㸪ࣅࢹ࢜ㅮ⩏୰ࡢ MW ⏕㉳⋡ྛㄢ㢟ࡢᡂ⦼ࡢ┦ 㛵ಀᩘ㸦⯆࣭ㄢ㢟ᚓⅬࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ㝖࠸ࡓ೫┦㛵ಀᩘ㸧ࢆ♧ࡋ ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࠸ࡎࢀࡢㄢ㢟ࡢᡂ⦼ࡶ᭷ព࡞┦㛵ࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞ࡗ ࡓࡀ㸪㡰ྥᖸ΅ㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿ Brown-Peterson ㄢ㢟ࡢᡂ⦼ࣅࢹ ࢜ㅮ⩏୰ࡢ MW ⏕㉳⋡ࡢ┦㛵ಀᩘࡀࡢㄢ㢟ࡢࡑࢀẚ 㧗ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ㸪㡰ྥᖸ΅ࢆཷࡅࡸࡍ࠸ே㸪 ㅮ⩏୰ MW ࢆ⏕㉳ࡋࡸࡍ࠸ഴྥ࠶ࡿࡇࢆពࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ Friedman & Miyake (2004)ࡣ㸪㡰ྥᖸ΅ࡢ⪏ᛶࡢపࡉࡀ㸪᪥ ᖖ⏕ά࠾ࡅࡿᮃࡲ࡞࠸ᛮ⪃ࡢ㉳ഴྥ㸪࠾ࡼࡧ࣮ࣜࢹࣥ ࢢࢫࣃࣥㄢ㢟ᡂ⦼㛵ಀࡍࡿࡇࢆሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⌧Ⅼ࡛ ࡣ㸪ࢧࣥࣉࣝᩘࡢᑡ࡞ࡉࡽࣅࢹ࢜ㅮ⩏୰ࡢ MW ᙳ㡪ࡍࡿ ㄆ▱ⓗせᅉ㛵ࡋ㸪᫂☜࡞ᅇ⟅ࡣᚓࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ࡇࢀࡽ ࡢࡇࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡿ㸪ᚋ㸪㡰ྥᖸ΅ࡢ⪏ᛶ MW ഴྥ ࡢ㛵ಀὀ┠ࡋ࡚㸪ࡉࡽ࡞ࡿ᳨ウࢆ⾜࠺ᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ⾲ 1 ࣅࢹ࢜ㅮ⩏୰ࡢ MW ⏕㉳⋡ྛㄢ㢟ᡂ⦼ࡢ┦㛵ಀᩘ 䝽䞊䜻䞁䜾䝯䝰䝸᭦᪂ 䝅䝣䝔䜱䞁䜾 ✵㛫3䝞䝑䜽 䜻䞊䝥䝖䝷䝑䜽 ㊊䛧⟬䞉ᘬ䛝⟬ ᩥᏐᩘᏐ 0.24 0.08 -0.02 0.11 4) ඃໃᛂᢚไㄢ㢟 ࢫࢺ࣮ࣝࣉㄢ㢟 ࿊♧Ⰽ▩┪ࡋࡓⰍྡ่⃭ࡢ࿊♧Ⰽྡ ― 690 ― ඃໃᛂᢚไ 㡰ྥᖸ΅䜈䛾⪏ᛶ 䝇䝖䝹䞊䝥 䝇䝖䝑䝥ಙྕ Brown-Peterson AB-AC -0.05 -0.01 0.32 + 0.05
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