VI 強化事態における VI 罰と VR 罰の比較

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᪥ᚰ➨ 㻣㻡 ᅇ኱఍䠄㻞㻜㻝㻝䠅㻌
VI ᙉ໬஦ែ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ VI ⨩࡜ VR ⨩ࡢẚ㍑
ከඖࢫࢣࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ࡜ࢭࣝࣇ࣭࣮ࣚࢡࢺ⤫ไࢆ⏝࠸ࡓሙྜ
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㸦ᩥᩍ኱Ꮫ㸧
࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ: VI ᙉ໬ VI ⨩ࠊVR ⨩ࠊ཯ᛂᢚไࠊࢭࣝࣇ࣭࣮ࣚࢡࢺ⤫ไ
Comparison between effects of VI punishment and VR punishment during VI reinforcement.
Naritoshi IIDA
(Bunkyo University)
Key words: VI reinforcement, VI punishment, VR punishment, response suppression, self yoked control
᪉ ἲ
ᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅ ኱Ꮫ⏕ 12 ྡ(⏨ 2 ྡࠊዪ 10 ྡ)ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓࠋ
ᖺ㱋ࡣ 19 ṓ 11 ྡࠊ20 ṓ 1 ྡ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
⿦⨨ ࢹࢫࢡࢺࢵࣉᆺࡢ PC ࢆ౑⏝ࡋࠊ཯ᛂࡣ࣮࣮࢟࣎ࢻࡢ
࣮࢟ࢆᢲࡍࡇ࡜࡜ࡋࡓࠋᐇ㦂ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ࢘࢕ࣥࢻ࢘࡟ࡣࠊ
཯ᛂࢆ♧ࡍ෇(࣮࢟ࢆᢲࡍ࡜⥳Ⰽ࡟Ⅼⅉ)ࠊ⋓ᚓࡋࡓⅬᩘࠊᘚ
ู่⃭࡜࡞ࡿ෇(㉥ࡲࡓࡣ㟷࡟Ⅼⅉ)ࡀ⾲♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ
ᡭ⥆ࡁ 2 ✀㢮ࡢᘚู่⃭ SD1 ࡜ SD2 ࡀ 30s ẖ࡟ධࢀ᭰ࢃࡿ
ከඖࢫࢣࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࡢඖ࡛ࠊ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᡭ⥆ࡁࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋ
SD1 ࡛ࡣ VI10s ᙉࢆࡋࠊᘬࡁ⥆ࡃ SD2 ࡛ࡣࠊ┤๓ࡢ SD1 ࡛
ࡢ VI ࢫࢣࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࡢ࣮ࣚࢡࢺ⤫ไ࡟ࡼࡿ VI ᙉ໬ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋ
ᙉ໬Ꮚࡣ 5 ⅬࡢຍⅬ࡜ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢᙉ໬ࡢᡭ⥆ࡁࡣࠊᐇ㦂ࢆ㏻
ࡋ࡚ኚ᭦ࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋᙉ໬ࡢࡳ࡟ࡼࡿୖグࡢᡭ⥆ࡁ(࣮࣋ࢫࣛ
࢖ࣥᮇ㛫)ࢆࠊ᮲௳ a ࡛ࡣ 12 ศࠊ᮲௳ b ࡛ࡣ 16 ศᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋ
ࡑࢀ௨㝆ࡣ VI10s ᙉ໬࡟ຍ࠼࡚ࠊSD1 ୗ࡛ࡣ VR10 ⨩ࡢ㝶క
ᛶࢆࠊSD2 ୗ࡛ࡣ┤๓ࡢ SD1 ୗ࡛ࡢ VR ⨩࡟ᑐࡍࡿ࣮ࣚࢡࢺ
⤫ไ࡟ࡼࡿ VI ⨩ࢆᑟධࡋࡓ(⨩ᮇ㛫)ࠋ⨩ࡢ㝶కᛶࢆᑟධࡋࡓ
ࢥ࣏࣮ࣥࢿࣥࢺࡣ᮲௳ a ࡛ 12 ศࠊ᮲௳ b ࡛ 8 ศᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋ
⨩Ꮚࡣ 2 ⅬࡢῶⅬ࡜ࡋࡓࠋ
⤖ ᯝ
ࢥ࣏࣮ࣥࢿࣥࢺ(30s)ẖࡢ཯ᛂᩘࢆ Figure 1.࡟♧ࡋࡓࠋ⤖ᯝࠊ
୧᮲௳࡜ࡶࠊ⨩ࡢ㝶కᛶࡀᑟධࡉࢀࡓᚋ࡟཯ᛂᩘࡢపୗࡀぢ
ࡽࢀࡓࡀࠊVI ⨩࡜ VR ⨩ࡢ㛫࡛཯ᛂᢚไࡢ⛬ᗘ࡟ᕪࡣぢࡽࢀ
࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
࣮࣋ࢫࣛ࢖ࣥᮇ㛫࠾ࡼࡧ⨩ᮇ㛫ࡢ᭱ᚋ㸲ᅇࡢࢥ࣏࣮ࣥࢿࣥ
ࢺ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᖹᆒ཯ᛂᩘࢆ᮲௳ẖ࡟⟬ฟࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࠊ᮲௳ a ࡢ
SD1(VI ᙉ໬ VR ⨩)࡛ࡣࠊ࣮࣋ࢫࣛ࢖ࣥᮇ㛫࡛ 94.88(s28.73)
ᅇࠊ⨩ᮇ㛫࡛ 34.54(s20.84)ᅇࡢ཯ᛂᩘࢆ♧ࡋࠊSD2(VI ᙉ໬
VI ⨩)࡛ࡣࠊ࣮࣋ࢫࣛ࢖ࣥᮇ㛫࡛ 94.54(s19.50)ᅇࠊ⨩ᮇ㛫࡛
46.96(s35.33)ᅇࡢ཯ᛂᩘࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋ᮲௳ b ࡢ SD1(VI ᙉ໬ VR
⨩)࡛ࡣࠊ࣮࣋ࢫࣛ࢖ࣥᮇ㛫࡛ 78.17(s44.23)ᅇࠊ⨩ᮇ㛫࡛
50.75(s35.38)ᅇࡢ཯ᛂᩘࢆ♧ࡋࠊSD2(VI ᙉ໬ VI ⨩)࡛ࡣࠊ࣋
࣮ࢫࣛ࢖ࣥᮇ㛫࡛ 83.29(s40.24)ᅇࠊ⨩ᮇ㛫࡛ 51.13(s22.83)
ᅇࡢ཯ᛂᩘࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋ
ࡇࡢᖹᆒ཯ᛂᩘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ᮲௳ẖ࡟ᐇ㦂᮲௳(VI ᙉ໬ VI ⨩
᮲௳࡜ VI ᙉ໬ VR ⨩᮲௳ࡢ㸰Ỉ‽)࡜ᮇ㛫(࣮࣋ࢫࣛ࢖ࣥᮇ㛫
࡜⨩ᮇ㛫ࡢ㸰Ỉ‽ࡢ)ࡢ㸰せᅉࡢศᩓศᯒࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࠊ
᮲௳ a ࡛ࡣᮇ㛫ࡢ୺ຠᯝࡢࡳ࡟᭷ពᕪࡀぢࡽࢀ(F(1, 5) =
20.58, p<.01)ࠊ᮲௳ a ࡛ࡣᮇ㛫ࡢ୺ຠᯝࡢࡳ࡟᭷ពഴྥࡀぢࡽ
ࢀࡓ(F(1, 5) = 4.98, p<.10)ࠋᐇ㦂᮲௳ࡢ୺ຠᯝ࡜஺஫స⏝ࡣ࠸
ࡎࢀࡢ᮲௳࡛ࡶ᭷ពᕪࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
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┠ ⓗ
୍⯡࡟⨩⋡ࡀ㧗࠸࡯࡝཯ᛂᢚไຠᯝࡣ㧗ࡲࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ⨩
⋡࡜཯ᛂ⋡ࡢ㛵ಀࡣࠊ⨩ࢫࢣࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ࡜཯ᛂࢆᙉ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ
ᙉ໬ࢫࢣࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚␗࡞ࡾࠊᙉ໬ᩘࡸ⨩ᩘࡀྠࡌ࡛࠶
ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊ㝶కᛶࡢ㐪࠸࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣ཯ᛂ⋡ࡀ␗࡞ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿྍ⬟
ᛶࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ(㣤⏣࣭ᮌᮧ, 2007)ࠋ
㣤⏣(2009)࡛ࡣ㸰ேࡢᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅ࢆ㸯⤌࡜ࡋࡓ࣮ࣚࢡࢺ⤫
ไࢆ⏝࠸ࠊ㣤⏣(2010)࡛ࡣከඖࢫࢣࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࢭࣝ
ࣇ࣭࣮ࣚࢡࢺ⤫ไࢆ⏝࠸ࠊᙉ໬࡜⨩ࡢ࿊♧ࢆ⤫ไࡋࡓ᮲௳ୗ
࡛ VR ᙉ໬ VI ⨩஦ែ࡜ VI ᙉ໬ VR ⨩஦ែ࡜ࢆẚ㍑ࡋࡓࠋ⤖
ᯝࠊVI ᙉ໬ VR ⨩஦ែࡢ᪉ࡀ཯ᛂᢚไᗘࡀ㧗ࡃࠊᙉ໬࡜⨩ࡢ
㝶కᛶࡀ␗࡞ࡿ࡜ࠊ཯ᛂ⏕㉳⋡ࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ
ᮏᐇ㦂࡛ࡣࠊ㣤⏣(2010)࡜ྠᵝከඖࢫࢣࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ
ྠ୍ࡢᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅ෆ࡛ࡢẚ㍑࡟ࡼࡾࠊVI ᙉ໬ VR ⨩஦ែ࡜
VI ᙉ໬ VI ⨩஦ែࡢẚ㍑ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋࡓࠋ
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㻞㻞
Figure 1. ࢥ࣏࣮ࣥࢿࣥࢺẖࡢ཯ᛂᩘࡢ᥎⛣
⪃ ᐹ
⨩ࢆᑟධࡍࡿࢱ࢖࣑ࣥࢢ࡟㛵ಀ࡞ࡃࠊVI ⨩ VR ⨩࠸ࡎࢀࡶ
⨩ࡢᑟධᚋ࡟཯ᛂ⋡ࡢపୗࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊVI
ᙉ໬஦ែ࡟࠾࠸࡚ VI ⨩࠾ࡼࡧ VR ⨩ࢆᑟධࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ
࡚཯ᛂࡀᢚไࡍࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊVI ⨩࡜ VR ⨩ࡢ㛫࡛཯
ᛂ⋡࡟ᕪࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊVI ᙉ໬஦ែ࡛ࡣ⨩ࢫࢣ
ࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࡢ✀㢮࡟ࡼࡗ࡚཯ᛂᢚไᗘ࡟㐪࠸ࡀぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸ྍ⬟
ᛶࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩
㣤⏣ᡂᩄ࣭ᮌᮧ⿱ (2007). VR ᙉ໬࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⥔ᣢࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࣛ
ࢵࢺࡢࣞࣂ࣮ᢲࡋ཯ᛂ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ VI ⨩ࡢຠᯝ ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲㸪
78㸪528-533.
㣤⏣ᡂᩄ (2009). ᙉ໬࡜⨩ࡢ㝶కᛶࡢ㐪࠸ࡀ཯ᛂᢚไ࡟ཬ
ࡰࡍຠᯝ ᪥ᮏᚰ⌮Ꮫ఍➨ 73 ᅇ኱఍Ⓨ⾲ㄽᩥ㞟, p.822.
㣤⏣ᡂᩄ (2010). ᙉ໬࡜⨩ࡢ㝶కᛶࡢ㐪࠸ࡀ཯ᛂᢚไ࡟ཬ
ࡰࡍຠᯝ(2) ᪥ᮏᚰ⌮Ꮫ఍➨ 74 ᅇ኱఍Ⓨ⾲ㄽᩥ㞟, p.778.
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