グ᠈㻌㻞㻱㼂㻝㻟㻥㻌
᪥ᚰ➨ 㻣㻟 ᅇ኱఍䠄㻞㻜㻜㻥䠅㻌
㧗㱋⪅ࡢᒎᮃⓗグ᠈◊✲㸦2㸧
̿ࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫ࡜ㄆ▱ᶵ⬟࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡢ᳨ウ̿
‫ۑ‬㯮ᕝ⫱௦㸯࣭ⶈⰼࡢࡒࡳ㸯࣭▼ᒸⰋᏊ㸯࣭ୖ㔝኱௓㸯࣭ᶒ⸨ᜤஅ㸯࣭⸨⏣⥤Ꮚ㸯
㸦㸯኱㜰኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ே㛫⛉Ꮫ◊✲⛉㸧
࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ: ᒎᮃⓗグ᠈㸪ㄆ▱ᶵ⬟㸪ㄢ㢟ࡢ≉ᚩ
Study of older people's prospective memory (2) - relationships between performance and cognitive functions –
Ikuyo KUROKAWA1, Nozomi Renge1, Yoshiko Ishioka1, Daisuke Ueno1, Yasuyuki Gondo1 and Ayako Fujita1
(1Graduate School of Human Science, Osaka Univ.)
Key words: Prospective Memory, Cognitive function, Characteristics of tasks
┠ ⓗ
ᒎᮃⓗグ᠈ࡢࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࡣ㸪๓㢌ⴥࡢᶵ⬟࡟౫Ꮡࡋ࡚
࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ㄢ㢟ࡢᛶ㉁࡟ࡼ
ࡗ࡚せồࡉࢀࡿฎ⌮㐣⛬ࡣ␗࡞ࡾ㸪ᒎᮃⓗグ᠈ࢆ๓㢌ⴥࡢ㛵
୚࡟ࡼࡗ୍࡚ᚊⓗ࡟ᤊ࠼ࡿࡢࡣᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿ(ᱵ⏣࣭ᑠ㇂ὠ㸪
1998)㸬ࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ᒎᮃⓗグ᠈ㄢ㢟࡟ࡼࡗ࡚せồࡉࢀ
ࡿᶵ⬟ࡢᕪ␗ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢᒎᮃⓗグ᠈◊✲࡛ࡣ୺
࡟㸪እⓗᡭࡀ࠿ࡾࡢ࠶ࡿ஦㇟࣮࣋ࢫㄢ㢟࡜⮬Ⓨⓗ࡞ࣔࢽࢱࣜ
ࣥࢢࡀせồࡉࢀࡿ᫬㛫࣮࣋ࢫㄢ㢟ࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡇࢀࡽ
ࡢᒎᮃⓗグ᠈ࡢ༊ูࡣ᫂☜࡟ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ࡇࢀ
ࡲ࡛⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ஦㇟࣮࣋ࢫㄢ㢟࣭᫬㛫࣮࣋ࢫㄢ㢟࡟ຍ࠼㸪
⧞ ࡾ ㏉ ࡋ ྠ ୍ ࡢ ⾜ Ⅽ ࡢ 㐙⾜ ࢆ せ ồ ࡍ ࡿ つ ๎ ㄢ㢟 (routine,
recurring task)࡜༢Ⓨⓗ࡞⾜Ⅽࡢ㐙⾜ࢆせồࡍࡿ୙つ๎ㄢ㢟
(one-off, non-recurring task)ࢆタᐃࡋ㸪ㄢ㢟ࡢつ๎ᛶ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⏕
ࡌࡿ࡜ண ࡉࢀࡿฎ⌮㐣⛬ࡢ㐪࠸࡟ࡶ╔┠ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡋࡓ㸬
ᮏ◊✲ࡢ┠ⓗࡣ㸪ᒎᮃⓗグ᠈ㄢ㢟ࢆࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࡍࡿㄆ▱ฎ⌮
ࡢᵓᡂࢆゎ᫂ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬
᪉ ἲ
1. ᑐ㇟⪅࣭ᐇ᪋ᮇ㛫
ࢩࣝࣂ࣮ேᮦࢭࣥࢱ࣮Ⓩ㘓⪅ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ㸪2008 ᖺ 11 ᭶㹼
2009 ᖺ 3 ᭶࡟ᐇ㦂ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ㸬ศᯒᑐ㇟⪅ࡣ 40 ྡ(⏨ᛶ 22
ྡ㸪ዪᛶ 18 ྡ㸹ᖹᆒᖺ㱋 66.2s3.52 ṓ)࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬
2. ᐇ㦂ㄢ㢟
2-1. ᒎᮃⓗグ᠈ㄢ㢟
”Virtual Week(Rendell & Craik, 2000)”(௨㝆 VW ࡜␎グ)ࢆ⏝
࠸ࡓ㸬VW ࡣ㣗஦ࡸእฟ࡞࡝㸪⌧ᐇࡢ 1 ᪥ࡢὶࢀࢆࢩ࣑ࣗࣞ
࣮ࢺࡋࡓ่⃭ࢆ࿊♧ࡍࡿࡍࡈࢁࡃࢤ࣮࣒࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᮏᐇ㦂࡛ࡣ
ࣃࢯࢥࣥࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ㸬VW ࡟ࡣ 3 ✀㢮ࡢㄢ㢟(つ๎ㄢ
㢟࣭୙つ๎ㄢ㢟࣭ࢱ࢖࣒ࣔࢽࢱࣜࣥࢢ)ࡀタᐃࡉࢀ㸪つ๎࣭୙
つ๎ㄢ㢟࡟ࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ஦㇟࣮࣋ࢫㄢ㢟࡜᫬㛫࣮࣋ࢫㄢ㢟ࡀ
タᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬
2-2. ㄆ▱ᶵ⬟ࡢᣦᶆ(Table1.)
ㄆ▱ᶵ⬟ࢆ ᐃࡍࡿᣦᶆ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪௨ୗࡢ 7 ࡘࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ㸬
ྛ่⃭ࡣ Windows Media Player ࢆ⏝࠸࡚㡢ኌ࿊♧ࡋࡓ㸬
㼀㼍㼎㼘㼑㻝㻚㻌䚷౑⏝䛧䛯ㄆ▱ᶵ⬟ᣦᶆ
ㄢ䚷䚷㢟
㻭㼡㼐㼕㼠㼛㼞㼥㻌㼂㼑㼞㼎㼍㼘㻌㻸㼑㼍㼞㼚㼕㼚㼓㻌㼀㼑㼟㼠
㻔㻭㼂㻸㼀㻕
㻮㼍㼏㼗㼣㼍㼞㼐㻌㼐㼕㼓㼕㼠㻌㼟㼜㼍㼚
㻯㼍㼠㼑㼓㼛㼞㼥㻌㼒㼘㼡㼑㼚㼏㼥
㻺㼡㼙㼎㼑㼞㻌㼟㼑㼞㼕㼑㼟
㻮㼍㼏㼗㼣㼍㼞㼐㻌㼏㼛㼡㼚㼠㼕㼚㼓
㻿㼠㼛㼜㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㻳㼛㻌㼀㼍㼟㼗㻌㻿㼣㼕㼠㼏㼔
䝇䝖䝹䞊䝥ㄢ㢟
⌮ㄽⓗᴫᛕ
ᅇ᝿ⓗグ᠈⬟ຊ
䝽䞊䜻䞁䜾䝯䝰䝸
ᐇ⾜ᶵ⬟䠈ព࿡グ᠈䛾᳨⣴
ᖐ⣡ⓗ᥎⌮
ฎ⌮㏿ᗘ
ὀព䠈䝍䝇䜽䝇䜲䝑䝏䞁䜾
ᢚไᶵ⬟
2-3. ࡑࡢ௚ࡢᣦᶆ
ᇶᮏᒓᛶ㸪WHO-5 ⢭⚄ⓗ೺ᗣ≧ែ㸪࣓ࢱグ᠈㸪ᛶ᱁≉ᛶ㸹
NEO-FFI ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㉁ၥ⣬ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ㄪᰝࡋࡓ㸬
⤖ ᯝ
ྛᒎᮃⓗグ᠈ㄢ㢟ࡈ࡜࡟㸪ㄢ㢟㐩ᡂ⋡࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ᑐ㇟⪅ࢆ
ศ㢮ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪㝵ᒙⓗࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ศᯒ(Ward ἲ)ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬
ࡉࡽ࡟㸪ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮㛫࡛ᕪ␗ࡢࡳࡽࢀࡿㄆ▱ᶵ⬟ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿ
ࡓࡵ࡟㸪୍ඖ㓄⨨ࡢศᩓศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬⤖ᯝ㸪つ๎ㄢ㢟࡛ࡣ
ฎ⌮㏿ᗘ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡢࡳᕪ␗ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓࡀ㸪୙つ๎ㄢ㢟࡛ࡣฎ
⌮㏿ᗘ࡜ᅇ᝿ⓗグ᠈࡟࠾࠸࡚ᕪ␗ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪஦㇟࣋
࣮ࢫㄢ㢟࡛ࡣฎ⌮㏿ᗘ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡢࡳᕪ␗ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓࡀ㸪᫬㛫
࣮࣋ࢫㄢ㢟࡛ࡣ㸪ฎ⌮㏿ᗘ࣭ᅇ᝿ⓗグ᠈࣭࣮࣡࢟ࣥࢢ࣓࣭ࣔࣜ
ὀពࡢษࡾ᭰࠼࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ᕪ␗ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓ(Table2.)㸬
㼀㼍㼎㼘㼑㻞㻚㻌䜽䝷䝇䝍䞊㛫䛷ᕪ␗䛾䜏䜙䜜䛯ኚᩘ
つ๎
୙つ๎ ஦㇟䝧䞊䝇 ᫬㛫䝧䞊䝇
ฎ⌮㏿ᗘ
䕿
䕿
䕿
䕿
ᅇ᝿ⓗグ᠈
䕿
䕿
䝽䞊䜻䞁䜾䝯䝰䝸
䕿
ὀព䛾ษ䜚᭰䛘
䕿
⪃ ᐹ
ศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ᒎᮃⓗグ᠈ㄢ㢟ࡢ✀㢮࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ᒎᮃⓗグ᠈
ㄢ㢟ࡢ㧗⩌࣭ప⩌࡛ᕪࡢࡳࡽࢀࡿㄆ▱ᶵ⬟ࡣ␗࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂
ࡽ࠿࡜࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ࡍ࡭࡚ࡢㄢ㢟࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ᒎᮃⓗグ᠈ㄢ
㢟ࡢᡂ⦼㧗⩌ࡣప⩌ࡼࡾࡶฎ⌮㏿ᗘࡢ⬟ຊࡀ㧗࠿ࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࡢ
ࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪ᒎᮃⓗグ᠈ࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫ࡜ฎ⌮㏿ᗘࡢ㛵ಀࢆሗ࿌
ࡋࡓඛ⾜◊✲࡜୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠼ࡿ(Groot, Wilson, Evans,&
Watson, 2002)㸬ḟ࡟㸪ㄢ㢟ࡈ࡜࡟᳨ウࡍࡿ㸬つ๎ㄢ㢟࡜ࡣᑐ
↷ⓗ࡟㸪୙つ๎ㄢ㢟࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ᅇ᝿ⓗグ᠈⬟ຊ࡟ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮
㛫ࡢᕪࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓࡢࡣ㸪༢Ⓨㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪㐙⾜࡟㝿ࡋ࡚
ࡼࡾᅇ᝿ⓗグ᠈⬟ຊࡀせồࡉࢀࡓࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬
ࡲࡓ㸪஦㇟࣮࣋ࢫㄢ㢟࡟ẚ࡭࡚㸪᫬㛫࣮࣋ࢫㄢ㢟࡟࠾࠸࡚ᕪ
ࡢࡳࡽࢀࡓኚᩘࡀከ࠸⌮⏤࡜ࡋ࡚㸪㐙⾜ࡢ㝿ࡢᡭࡀ࠿ࡾࡢᏑ
ᅾࡢ᭷↓ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿ㸬஦㇟࣮࣋ࢫㄢ㢟ࡣᡭࡀ࠿ࡾ෌⏕࡟㢮
ఝࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪᪉␎ⓗ࡞᳨⣴ࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡟࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࡉࢀ
࡚࠸࡞࠸㸬୍᪉㸪᫬㛫࣮࣋ࢫㄢ㢟ࡣእⓗᡭࡀ࠿ࡾࡀ࡞ࡃ㸪㐙
⾜ࡣ⮬ᕫ㥑ືᆺࡢࣔࢽࢱࣜࣥࢢ࡟౫Ꮡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪๓㢌ⴥ
ࡢᶵ⬟ࡀ኱ࡁࡃ㛵୚ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡀண ࡉࢀࡿ㸬
ᮏ◊✲ࡣᒎᮃⓗグ᠈ㄢ㢟࡟ࡼࡗ࡚せồࡉࢀࡿㄆ▱ᶵ⬟ࡀ␗
࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋ㸪௒ᚋ㸪ᒎᮃⓗグ᠈ࢆ᳨ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ㝿
࡟ࡣ㸪ㄢ㢟ࡢ≉ᚩࡈ࡜࡟᳨ウࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿ㸬
ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩
Groot,Y.C.T., Wilson,B.A., Evans,J., & Watson,P. 㸦2002㸧
㸬Prospective
memory functioning in people with and without brain injury. Journal
of the International Neuropsychological Society, 8(5), 645-654㸬
Rendell, P.G., & Craik, F.I.M㸦2002㸧㸬Virtual Week and Actual Week㸸
Age-related Differences in Prospective Memory. Applied Cognitive
Psychology㸪14㸪43-62㸬
ᱵ⏣⪽࣭ᑠ㇂ὠᏕ᫂㸦1998㸧㸬ᒎᮃⓗグ᠈◊✲ࡢ⌮ㄽⓗ⪃ᐹ
̿ 866 ̿
ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲㸪69 (4)㸪317-333㸬