Energy Conservation Policy in Japan

Toshio KOSUGE
Energy Conservation & Renewable Energy Department
Agency for Natural Resources and Energy(ANRE)
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry(METI)
February, 2012
Current global conditions surrounding energy and energy supply structure of Japan
 Principally in Asia, but the energy demands of the world are expected to rise rapidly to about 1.3 times the current
amounts by 2030. The energy supply structure will be hard pressed, due to the intensification of the competition to
acquire resources among the countries of consumption, such as China.
 Japan has the lowest self sufficiency rate among the major industrialized nations.
(Petroleum equivalent
in million tons)
Outlook of global energy
Overall
Approx.
1.3 times
International comparison of energy self sufficiency rates
(FY2009)
Others
Africa
India
Approx.
1.9 times
* The self sufficiency rate is for instances where atomic power is imported.
(Figures inside brackets are for instances where atomic power is considered to
be produced domestically.)
Middle East
Central and South
America
India
Asia (excluding Japan,
China, India and Korea)
Russia
(53%)
(70%)
China
USA
UK
France
Germany
2030
16,014
Japan
USA
Italy
Eastern Europe and
Central Asia
Japan
2008
12,271
(35%)
(19%)
China
China
Approx.
1.7 times
(44%)
(85%)
OECD (excluding Japan
and USA)
Source: World Energy Outlook 2010.
Source: Calculated from statistics
published by IEA.
2
Energy Efficiency in Japan
Primary energy supply per GDP unit of each country
(2007)
Japan = 1
7.5
5.7
6.0
5.1
2.8
2.1
1.3
(Source) “ Calculated according to IEA Energy Balances of OECD/Non-OECD Countries(2009edition) “
Energy Consumption Efficiency of Each Sector
Comparison of energy indices necessary for making
1kWh electricity by thermal power generation (FY2004)
150
137
114
120
100
145
Comparison of energy indices necessary for making
1ton of cement intermediate product (clinker) (FY2003)
200
200
131
130
50
US
Germany
France
China
(Source: ECOFYS (Netherlands))
120
113
110
100
101
Japan West
Korea Latin
China
America
130
125
120
120
90
West
US and
Europe
Canada
(Source: Solomon Associates)
Comparison of energy indices necessary for making
1ton of paper and paper board (FY2003)
Asian industrial
140
80
Japan
countries
144
100
100
Korea
EU
China
US
Russia
(Source: Japan Iron Steel Federation)
110
100
100
Japan
Korea
115
119
104
100
Canada
US
(Source: ANRE, Statistics Annual Report (UK), Environmental Report (Canada), etc.)
World
140
100
Sweden
Japan
(Source: International Aluminum Association, etc.)
120
Japan
80
Comparison of energy indices necessary for making
1ton of electrolytic caustic soda (FY2003)
80
60
140
120
123
100
Latin
North
America
America
(Source: Japan Mining Association)
Asia
Comparison of energy indices necessary for the rolling
process of aluminum board
105
100
134
Europe
127
100
160
Japan
(Source: Battelle Research Center)
Comparison of energy indices necessary for making
1ton of iron (FY2003)
110
Japan
50
US Russia
110
100
154
100
120
102
143
100
Europe
Comparison of energy indices necessary for making
1kl of petroleum product (FY2002)
133
150
100
100
Japan
120
202
152
145
100
80
80
250
178
177
150
111
Comparison of energy indices necessary for refining copper
80
China
US
(Source: Chemical Economic Handbook, etc.)
East
Europe
West
Europe
Source: Nippon-Keidanren International Cooperation Center
Excerpt from Outline of Follow-up Result, 2007
(dated November 14, 2007)
(http://www.meti.go.jp/committee/materials/downloadfiles/
g70216a04j.pdf)
Japan’s Energy Efficiency Policy
1. Regulation
Energy Efficiency Law : Enacted 1979
2. Promotion
- Tax incentive
- Subsidies (including for R&D)
- Preferential interest rate, etc.
3. Voluntary Action
Overview of Japan’s energy efficiency policy
Industrial sector
Commercial/residential
sector
Commercial
Transportation sector
residential
Energy Conservation Law
Regulation
Energy management obligation by Energy
Conservation Law (by an unit of a company )
Enhancement of energy efficiency of
residences by Energy Conservation Law
buildings and
Energy
management
obligation
by
Energy
Conservation Law
(Carrier, Consignor)
Top Runner Program
Energy-saving labeling
Budget and Tax
Promotion
Subsidies for promoting energy efficient
facilities (high-efficient building , highperformance industrial furnace etc.)
Housing Ecopoints
System
Tax incentive for
energy efficient
reform of
residence,
Promotion of high fuel
economy vehicles(clean
energy vehicles)
Tax incentive / Low-interest
loan
Subsidies for promoting energy efficiency technological development
Voluntary
Voluntary action
6
Japan’s Energy Efficiency Policy
① Factories/Offices *
<Regulations> in each factories/offices
- Energy Management System
- Energy Managers saving-energy experts assigned
mandatory
- Reporting of Energy Consumption to the Gov.
* Chain-Stores included → expansion of coverage
Encouraging Energy Management System
Energy managers must be assigned in every factory/
office with a certain quantity of energy consumption.
Encouraging their management by awarding best
practices
② Transportation
<Regulations>
- Carriers, Consigners
- Setting higher fuel efficiency
standard
<Voluntary Action>
- “Eco Drive”, “Idling Stop” method of driving
③ Houses/Buildings
<Regulations>
- Constructors, Retailers
④ Automobiles/Electronics
<Regulations>
- “Top Runner” Program
Top Runner Program
< Products>
Passenger
vehicles
< Improvement of energy efficiency>
22.5 ％（
FY1995→FY2005）
67.8％（
Air-conditioners
Electric
refrigerators
FY1997→FY2004）
55.2％（
FY1998→FY2004）
25.7％（
TV sets
FY1997→FY2003）
Present Energy situation after the Great
Earthquake of Japan
Nuclear Power Stations
TEPCO Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station
Before the Earthquake and Tsunamis
TEPCO
After the Earthquake and Tsunamis
Air Photo Service Inc (Myoko, Niigata
Japan)
14
Impact on Energy Supply/Demand in Japan
 Tokyo Electric Power Company supplies electricity to an area with 42 million
people and 40% of Japan’s GDP, but lost 40% of its generation capacity after
the earthquake and tsunami.
33GW
(Apr.15)
49GW
46GW
(Aug.18)
(Jul.15)
42GW
(Jun.28)
Peak Demand of the Month in 2010
Peak Demand of the Month in 2011
Supply Capacity of TEPCO in 2011
15
Supply–Demand Measures for last Summer
 Major measures taken regarding demand to secure the supply-demand balance
during this summer are as follows:
Large-volume-electricity customers
(enterprises with contract for supply of 500kW or more)
(1) Voluntary formulation and implementation of plans for
suppressing the power consumption in the peak time zone
(2) Application of Article 27 of the Electricity Business Act
(Restriction on Use of Electricity)
Small-volume-electricity customers
(enterprises with contract for supply below 500 kW)
(1) Presentation of examples of electricity-saving measures
(2) Encouragement of formulation and announcement of
voluntary electricity-saving action plans
(3) Electricity-saving supporters’ visits
Households
(1) Presentation of examples of electricity-saving measures
(2) Request for electricity saving through media
(3) Distribution of “Electricity-saving education” materials to
elementary and junior high schools
Approaches across
several fields
(1)Development of electricitysaving campaign
(2) Thorough visualization of
electricity supply–demand
data (“Denki Yoho (Electricity
Forecast)”)
(3) “Tight supply-demand
balance alert” to notify the
tight supply-demand balance
(1) Urgent electricity-saving request
was made when there was a
concern for rolling blackout
implementation
(2) Information provision via TV,
radio, mobile phones, and
disaster-prevention public
address system
16
Supply Measures last Summer
 The measures taken regarding supply for ensuring a supply-demand balance this
summer were mainly as follows: *Service Areas of Tokyo Electric Power Co.(TEPCO) and
Tohoku EPCO Power Co.
The decrease of electricity supply capacity of TEPCO and Tohoku EPCO due to
the effects of earthquake and tsunami
・・▲26 million kW
[Measures taken by the Government]
(1) Approach for relaxing some regulations
e.g.; Periodic inspection of thermal power generation stations under the Electricity Business Act shall
be allowed to be postponed for one year at most.
(2) Promoting introduction of private power generation plants and decentralized
generation plants
[Measures taken by the utilities]
(3) Restoration of the disaster-affected thermal power stations
(4) Restart of thermal power stations that have been stopped for a long time
(5) Installation of urgent power supply (gas turbines etc.)
*(4) &(5): on the basis of installed capacity
The decrease of
supply capacity
▲26 million kW
－
The supplement supply capacity
owing mainly to the above
supply measures (1) - (5)
＋20.5 million kW
＝
5.5 million
kW
17
Measures for Balancing Supply and Demand for this Winter
1. This winter, we would like to request electricity saving to keep an appropriate supply–demand balance and
avoid restriction of electricity use or implementation of rolling blackouts. On the basis of the summary of this
summer, we would like to make a request for electricity saving within the scope where enterprises can
minimize the impact on production and operation.
2. We are still examining the supply-demand balance for this winter, but it is estimated that the balance will be
tight in the Kansai and Kyushu Electric Power Company areas with a high ratio of nuclear power generation.
3. “Electricity Supply-Demand Measures for this winter” is released on 1st of November ,2011.
(Reference 1) Forecast of Supply and Demand This Winter Estimated at the Energy and Environment Conference on July 29
(10,000 kW)
Hokkaid
o
Tohoku
Tokyo
Chubu
Kansai
Hokuriku Chugok
u
Shikoku
Kyushu
Januar
y
Maximum
electricity demand
579
1,420
5,150
2,342
2,665
528
1,074
520
-80
(-1.1%)
-33
(-0.4%)
-113
(-0.7%)
7,069
8,629
15,698
1,533
(Reference 2) Nuclear Power Generation Ratio of the Electricity Utilities (based on FY 2009 power generation)
Hokkaido
Tohoku
Tokyo
Chubu
Kansai
34.1%
21.6%
27.9%
13.3%
45.1%
Hokuriku Chugoku
35.0%
14.6%
Shikoku
Kyushu
40.6%
41.6%
18
Thank you for your attention!

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