スライド 1

Civil Justice Research
Project
PROJECT LEADER
PROFESSOR MASAYUKI MURAYAMA
CHIBA UNIVERSITY
The Outline of the Project
司法
１．National Survey with Questionnaire
２．Purpose：To Collect Empirical Data Indispensable for the Judicial Reform
３．Questions： We would like to know
① What kind of legal problems the citizens have
② How those problems develop into legal disputes
③ How and why disputants bring their cases to the court
４．Focus of the Research：Individual Behavior
A. What variables influence citizens’ decisions on
① claiming
② the contact with ADR agencies
③ litigation
B. Variables
① Dependant variable: disputants’ behavior
② Independent variables
a. Personal attributes – age, gender, income, education, occupation, etc.
b. The nature of the problem and dispute
c. Legal and social consciousness
d. Past experiences of a dispute, the use of a lawyer, litigation, etc.
CIVIL JUSTICE RESEARCH PROJECT
Legal
Consciousness
Age
Gender
Social
Consciousness
●DISPUTE
●USE OF LAW
Income
Education
Social
Strata
●LITIGATION
Value
Attitudes
Dispute
Experience
Legal
Knowledge
Connection
CIVIL JUSTICE RESEARCH PROJECT
Disputing Behavior
Social Value
Attitudes
Legal
Consciousness
Experience of a
Problem
Thematization
of Law
動
Dispute
Negotiation
（Use of Law）
(Seeking Advice)
Trust in the
Judicial System
Giving Up
CIVIL JUSTICE RESEARCH PROJECT
The Use of the Law
(Disputing Behavior)
（Consultation with
the Third Party）
Negotiation with the
Other Party
Giving Up
（Litigation Behavior）
Social Strata
Lawyer
Judicial Scrivener
ADR Agencies
Advice Agencies
The Use of the
Law
CIVIL JUSTICE RESEARCH PROJECT
（The Use of the Law）
Litigation Behavior
Negotiation with the
Other Party
Settlement
Litigating
Behavior
Judgment
Gender
Litigation
Giving
Up
Conciliation
ORGANIZATION FOR THE PROJECT(1)
法化社会における紛争処理と民事司法
Coordination Board
Chair：Masayuki Murayama, Professor, Chiba University
（General Secretary, Japanese Association of Sociology of Law）
Yoshiyuki Matsumura, Professor, Hokkaido University
（Chair, International Committee, JASL）
Shozo Ota, Professor, University of Tokyo
（Chair, Public Relations Committee, JASL）
Yoshitaka Wada, Professor, Kyushu University
（Chair, Program Committee, JASL）
［The others are also JASL board members］
Evaluators
Shigeaki Tanaka, Professor, Kyoto University
Makoto Ito, Professor, University of Tokyo
Kazuo Seiyama, Professor, University of Tokyo
International Support Members
H. M. Kritzer (Professor, U. Wisconsin)
H. Genn (Professor, U. London)
ORGANIZATION FOR THE PROJECT(2)
法化社会における紛争処理と民事司法
Research Groups
Ａ０１ Disputing Behavior：Legal Consciousness
Yoshiyuki Matsumura(Hokkaido Univ.)─Katsumi Yoshida(Hokkaido Univ.)
Ichiro Ozaki(Hokkaido Univ.)
Manako Kinoshita(Kagawa Univ.)
Akira Fujimoto(Kassui Women’s
College)
Ａ０２ Disputing Behavior：Process of the Thematization of Law
Masayuki Murayama（Chiba Univ.）
─Takaaki Ogata(Chiba University)
Satoshi Minamikata(Niigata Univ.)
Keiichi Ageishi(Niigata University)
Ryo Hamano(Rikkyo University)
法化社会における紛争処理と民事司法
ORGANIZATION FOR THE PROJECT(2) - Continued
RESEARCH GROUPS
Ｂ０１ The Use of Law: ADR by Administrative and Private Agencies
Shiro Kashimura(Kobe Univ.)── Ken-ichi Baba(Kobe University)
Hiroshi Takahashi(Kobe Univ.)
Masaki Abe (Osaka City Univ.)
Iwao Sato(University of Tokyo)
Yoshiki Kumizawa(Waseda Univ.)
Ｂ０２ The Use of Law: Legal Service by Law Professionals
Yoshitaka Wada(Kyushu Univ.)──Atsushi Bushimata(Fukuoka Univ.)
Tsuneo Niki(Kurume Univ.)
Ｃ０１ Disputing Behaviours
Daniel Foote (Univ. of Tokyo)── Shozo Ota(Univ. of Tokyo)
Shusuke Kakiuchi(Univ. of Tokyo)
Yuriko Kaminaga(Senshu Univ.)
Yasuhiro Wada(Osaka Women’s
College)
Akira Moriya(Kanseigakuin Univ.)
The Schedule of the Research (2003 to 2008)
Dispute Behavior Survey
Use of Law Behavior Survey
Litigation Behavior Survey
2003
Deciding Research Design, the Structure of Questionnaire
Individual and Group Interviews
Pre-Test
First Pre-Test
2004
Document Research
Analyzing Results of First Pre-Test
Interview of Litigants
And Attorneys
Second Pre-Test
Analyzing Results of Second Pre-Test
2005
First Main Survey
Second Main Survey
International Meeting
First Main Survey
Main Survey
- Document Research
The Schedule of the Research (2003 to 2008)
[continued]
Dispute Behavior Survey
Use of Law Behavior Survey
Litigation Behavior Survey
Second Main Survey
- Interview of Law Users
Main Survey
-Interview of Litigants
and Attorneys
2006
Analyzing Survey Data
2007
Analyzing Survey Data
Analyzing Survey Data
International Symposium on Civil Justice Research
2008
(Preparation for Publication)
Presenting Research Findings at International Meetings
司法
The Method and Budget of the Project
1.Research Method: Interview with Random National Samples
2. Disputing Behavior
① The First Stage：Interview of 18,000 individuals
② The Second Stage: Interview of 3,000 Individuals
3. The Use of Law
① Mail Questionnaire： 150,000 individuals
② Interview:
3,000 individuals
4. Litigation Behavior
① Case Sampling：1,500 cases
② Interview：4,000 individuals and lawyers in total
5. Budget
\ 480,000,000 for 6 years
Academic Purposes
司法
1．To Obtain the Reliable National Data on Disputing Behaviors
① Rough Estimates of the Number of Civil Disputes in the Society
② How and To What Extent Disputing Parties use ADR agencies
③ How Litigants and their Lawyers Behave in Litigation
④ How Disputing Behaviors Are Related with Institutional, Social and Cultural
Variables
2．Differences from Previous Studies
① Previous Japanese Studies: Focused on Legal Consciousness and Social
Attitudes Independently, but never looked at the Behaviors.
② Previous Foreign Studies：
A. Did not really research on the relationship between cultural variables and
behaviors
B. Rarely study the intermediate stage between the emergence of a dispute
and going to the lawyer or the court
3．To Facilitate Empirical Studies of the Sociology of Law
① Give research experiences to graduate students and young researchers so
that they will be able to conduct empirical research by themselves
② Recruit sociologists, social psychologists and statisticians to open up the field
of Sociology of Law so far only open to researchers with the legal background
③ The data will be kept in an archive so that other researchers can use the data
Social Purposes
司法
1. To Obtain Data Indispensable for Judicial Reform: We have to know
① how disputes are handled and resolved out of the courts
② what kind of disputes are eventually selected to reach the court and why
③ What kind of information and support disputants need to assert their rights
Because we are concerned with the quality of dispute resolution out of the court and the
possibility that institutional factors of the court discourage disputants to come to the court.
2．To Facilitate the Sociology of Law to Perform Its Proper Role in PolicyMaking
① This research project will be a good start for the Japanese Sociology of Law to
develop itself to be a social science which can regularly perform an important role in
policy-making for the legal system
② We hope to organize in future a group of social scientists, including sociologists,
political scientists, psychologists and others, which are specialized in the policy-making
for the legal system

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