Adjectives and Adverbs 1 Grammar and Vocabulary Ⅰ May 27, 2011 Japan to reduce nuclear energy Who is the prime minister of Japan now? Where is he in the chronological order of prime ministers? （何番目の首相ですか？） →He is the 94th prime minister. Japan to reduce nuclear energy fossil fuels nuclear energy 核エネルギー nuclear plant 化石燃料 原子力発電所、原子炉設備 renewable sources 再生可能エネルギー源 Prime Minister Naoto Kan has said Japan will aim to dramatically reduce its reliance on fossil fuels and nuclear energy. He said the country plans to have 20 percent of its electricity come from renewable sources. Prime Minister Kan spoke at the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development forum in Paris on Wednesday, ahead of the G-8 meeting. Attendees included US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and European Commission President Jose Manuel Barroso. Kan thanked the group for their support in the effort to bring the crippled Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Plant under control. He said it is Japan's historical responsibility to turn the accident into a lesson for the entire world. Kan went on to unveil the country's new basic energy policy, saying that renewable sources and energy conservation will become new pillars. He added that the country will aim to more than double the amount of electricity generated from renewable sources. Kan said Japan wants that amount to be a fifth of the total by the early 2020s. Japan will also aim to reduce the cost of generating solar power to a third of the current level by 2020, and to one-sixth a decade later. Another plan is to install solar panels in 10 million houses. The prime minster will attend the meeting of the Group of Eight slated to open on Thursday. It is thought he will present the new policy at the meeting as well, where the safety of nuclear energy will be high on the agenda. Adjectives and Adverbs Adjective A kind of word which names a quality In a sentence “This is a heavy box”, “heavy” is an adjective Adverb A word used with verb, adjective, or another adverb telling how, when, and where Jane carefully (→how) washed her skirt yesterday (→when) and hung it here (→where) Exercise 1 (p.23) long cheap high thin early cool big young quick sharp low thick short slow small warm old expensive late dull Exercise 1 (p.23) long cheap high thin early cool big young quick sharp low thick short slow small warm old expensive late dull Position of Adjectives Attributive and predicative use 限定的用法と叙述的用法 He is a small farmer.（限定的用法） The farmer is small.（叙述的用法） • Small farmer is a man who has a small farm, but The farmer is small means that he is a small man physically. Participles used as adjectives Present participles (ing) and past participles (ed) can be used as adjectives. Present participle adjectives, amusing, boring, tiring etc., are active and mean ‘having this effect’. Past participle adjectives, amused, horrified, tired etc., are passive and mean ‘affected in this way’. BBC Grammar Challenge http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/lear ningenglish/radio/specials/934_gramc hallenge3/ '-ed' and '-ing' adjectives Do you sometimes get confused about whether to use an adjective ending in '-ing' or '-ed'? Don't worry, lots of people have trouble with these words. Practice Quiz 1 Practice Quiz 2 Drag the arrow to the correct sentence ending. Click 'check' to check the quiz. Look at the sentences and decide whether the 'ed' or '-ing' form is being used correctly. Practice Quiz 3 Choose the correct answer to complete the sentences. Order of adjectives of quality Several variations are possible but a fairly usual order is: adjectives of size general description age, (little) shape color material origin purpose Put in the correct position a (long, sharp) knife a (round, small) bath (hexagonal, new) coins (blue, velvet) curtains a/an (old, plastic) bucket a/an (elegant, French) clock a long sharp knife a small round bath new hexagonal coins blue velvet curtains an old plastic bucket an elegant French clock Murphy (2009) Opinion adjectives usually go before fact adjectives We put fact adjectives in this order: How big? How old? What color? Where from? What is it made of? Noun 次の授業では Grammar in Useを使います！ できれば、Unit 96とUnit 97を読んで おいてください Take care of yourself!
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