Opening Nursing Care to Foreign Workers :

Opening Nursing and Elderly Care
to Foreign Workers : Beneficial or
Damaging for Japanese Society?
Yuri Minowa
１９２０年
１９６０年
Japan:少子高齢化社会
Population…aging
Birthrate…declining
１９７０年
（総務省統計局、２００５年国勢調査より）
２０３５年
３人に１人！
２０１３年
４人に１人
(総務省統計局、2013年9月15日現在)
Workforce Problem
The number of workers is…(SOURCE: Asahi Shimbun Digital,
23.9.14)
149.9million
249million in2025
（Yomiuri Shimbun, 15.10.14 p.1 ）
・EPA(economic partnership agreement)
・2377 coming to Japan (MHLW,2014.6.16)
Indonesia
Philippines
Vietnamese
Date started
Number of
Nurses Coming
to Japan
Number of
Caregivers
Coming to Japan
2008
2009
2014
481
337
21
754
630
117
看護・介護分野に外国人労働者を積
極的に受け入れる制度作りを求める。
(Nihon Sankei Shimbun, 5.4.14)
“介護分野の深刻な人手不足を補うため、厚生労働省は、介護職の
資格要件を緩和する方針を固めた。介護分野への外国人受け入れも
拡充し…介護職の担い手の裾野を広げる。”
（Yomiuri Shimbun, 15.10.24 p.1）
Outline
•1
•2
•3
•4
•5
•6
Introduction/Background
Defining Terms
Evidence for Beneficial
Evidence for Damaging
Analysis
Conclusion/Future Research
2 Defining Terms
Opening Nursing and Elderly Care
to Foreign Workers : Beneficial or
Damaging for Japanese Society?
・Nursing and Elderly Care : 看護 and 介護 in a hospital and an
old people’s home
・Foreign Workers : foreigners who come to Japan to work as
nurses(看護師) or caregivers(介護士) from
3 EPA countries and other countries
2 Defining Terms Opening Nursing and Elderly Care to
Foreign Workers : Beneficial or
Damaging for Japanese Society?
• Beneficial : having a good or helpful effect(New
Zealand Dictionary, 1989)
• Damaging : consist of the unpleasant effects that
something has on a person, situation, or type of
activity(Cobuild English Dictionary, 2006)
Paraphrasing Title
• I want to ask…
• Is accepting nurses(看護師) and caregivers(介護士)
from foreign countries effective way or not
for Japanese aging society with a declining birthrate?
Outline
•1
•2
•3
•4
•5
•6
Introduction/Background
Defining Terms
Evidence for Beneficial
Evidence for Damaging
Analysis
Conclusion/Future Research
3 Evidence for Beneficial
• 3.1 Improving Manpower Shortage
• 3.2 International Image of Japan
• 3.3 Highly Evaluated
3.1 Improving Manpower Shortage
(SOURCE: MHLW 2012.3, 2014.3)
3.2 International Image of Japan
UP!
• Role image up
“アジアの若者を日本の介護現場に受け入れ、就労の機会を与え
ることによって知的、経済的にアジアに貢献することは、世界の経
済大国となった日本の責任である”（塚田典子,2010 p.26）
・Strong need
“これら３国からの受け入れは…相手国からの強い要望に基づき交
渉した結果、経済活動の連携の強化の観点から実施するもので
す。”(MHLW, 2014)
Ex. Philippine new field of 出稼ぎ →EPA agreement in2008
(Yasuhiro Idei, 2009 p.13)
3.3 Highly Evaluated
Outline
•1
•2
•3
•4
•5
•6
Introduction/Background
Defining Terms
Evidence for Beneficial
Evidence for Damaging
Analysis
Conclusion/Future Research
4 Evidence for Damaging
• 4.1 Non Long-term Vision
• 4.2 Cost Time and Money
• 4.3 Take away Japanese Jobs
4.1 Non Long-term Vision
• 「これら３国からの受入れは、看護・介護分野の労働力不足への対
応として行うものではなく、相手国からの強い要望に基づき交渉した
結果、経済活動の連携の強化の観点から実施するものです。」
(MHLW, 2014.6.16)
• 「共生でなく、労働力だけが目的の施策は行き詰る」(by
Yamawaki,
Damaging: consist of the unpleasant
Meiji University quated in Asahi Shimbun, 2014. 10.1 p.24)
effects that something has on a
person,
situation,
or
type
of
activity
• Support for their Life, Education for children
4.2 Cost Time and Money
・Education of Japanese
・Support for the National
Exam
4.3 Take away Japanese Jobs
・「不況時に日本人の失業が増加するなど雇用情勢に
悪影響を与える。」（塚田典子,2010 p.10）
Damaging:
・Wrong Image
such as… consist of the unpleasant
that something
“unskilled laboreffects
that foreigners
can do” has on a
person,
situation, or type of activity
(Digital Asahi,
2014.9.23)
→Japanese workers leave?
Outline
•1
•2
•3
•4
•5
•6
Introduction/Background
Defining Terms
Evidence for Beneficial
Evidence for Damaging
Analysis
Conclusion/Future Research
5. Analysis Evidence for Beneficial
• 3.1 Improving Manpower Shortage
• 3.2 International Image of Japan
• 3.3 Highly Evaluated
Analysis
3.1 Improving Manpower Shortage
--- few workers, the number is far from enough
84
41
―
• Total: 409
167
117
―
(SOURCE: MHLW 2012.3, 2014.3)
Analysis
3.2 International Image of Japan
---not opened,
not attractive yet
介護転職エースブログ,
2014.9.16
Analysis
3.2 International Image of Japan
---not opened, not attractive yet
82, 20%
327, 80%
working
gone back (SOURCE: Yomiuri Shimbun, 2014.6.27)
Analysis
3.3 Highly Evaluated
---Staffs complain about culture gaps and communication skills
• 「会議内容の理解度は、９人中３人が３０％。あとはほとんど分かっ
ていないのが実情。フォローが必要。」
• 「うまく職場になじむよう、精神面・言葉の支援が必要。時間がとられ
る。」
• 「話したくてもとっさの言葉が出てこない。」
• 「漢字が難しい。読むことは出できるけど、書くのは難しい。」
• 「カラオケで見られながら歌いたくない…」
5. Analysis Evidence for Beneficial
• 3.1 Improving Manpower Shortage
• 3.2 International Image of Japan
• 3.3 Highly Evaluated
5. Analysis Evidence for Damaging
• 4.1 Non Long-term Vision
• 4.2 Cost of Time and Money
• 4.3 Take away Japanese Jobs
Analysis
• 4.1 Non Long-term Vision
---government does not think about the problems which
workers will face in the future.
多様な経験、技術を持った海外の人材に
日本で能力を発揮してもらうものだ。安倍
政権は、いわゆる移民政策を取ることは
考えていない。（Sankei News, 2014.10.1）
Analysis
• 4.2 Cost of Time and Money
---tight financial condition, uneffective plan
• 受け入れ施設での学習経費の支援
235,000yen/person a year
80,000yen/facility a year
①日本語講師の受け入れ
②日本語学校への通学
③模擬試験や介護技術講習会への参加
合格率
Nurses 10％
Caregivers 36％
---Go back
Analysing
4.3 Take away Japanese Jobs
---a job leave rate and the image are already bad
• 「不況時に日本人の失業が増加するなど雇用情勢
に悪影響を与える。」（塚田典子,2010 p.10）
• 3K
• Low salary
介護労働者:21万円台
製造業:27万円台
（Asahi Shimbun,2014.10.1 p.24）
5. Analysis Evidence for Damaging
• 4.1 Non Long-term Vision
• 4.2 Cost of Time and Money
• 4.3 Take away Japanese Jobs
Outline
•1
•2
•3
•4
•5
•6
Introduction/Background
Defining Terms
Evidence for Beneficial
Evidence for Damaging
Analysis
Conclusion/Future Research
6 Conclusion
Opening Nursing and Elderly Care to Foreign Workers :
Beneficial or Damaging for Japanese Society?
6. Conclusion
Opening Nursing and Elderly Care to Foreign
Workers : Beneficial or Damaging for Japanese
Society?
The answer is…
Damaging
Yuri Minowa

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