Japanese Identity is still heavily Influenced by

Japanese Identity is
Still Heavily Influenced
by Nihonjinron:
True or False
B12585 Mayo Yoshino
OUTLINE
1 Introduction
2 Defining Terms
3 True Evidence
4 False evidence
5 Analysis
6 Conclusion
1 Introduction
OUTLINE
1 Introduction
2 Defining Terms
3 True Evidence
4 False evidence
5 Analysis
6 Conclusion
2 Defining Terms
Nihonjinron
*Literature about Japan and Japanese culture and
society
*It is written by Japanese and non-Japanese
*It was popular among the Japanese especially
after the World War Ⅱ
2.Defining Terms
Nihonjinron
Affection of Nihonjinron in postwar periods
Negative → Positive
↑
Defeat in the World War Ⅱ
2 Defining Terms
Nihonjinron
もともと日本人が「日本および日本人」を
論じるようになった背景には、日本人が外
国人との接触を通して、異質なものとの出
会いによって、日本人であることを強く意
識するという心理的メカニズムがあったと
されている
( 野村総合研究所編 quoted in 日本人の検証 1978)
2 Defining Terms
Three Example of character in Nihonjinron
(1)Japan is homogeneous society(Oguma 1995)
(2) Japan is ‘uniquely’ unique(Mouer and
Sugimoto 1997)
(3)‘Group-orientation is the dominant cultural
pattern which shapes behavior’ in Japanese
society (Oguma 1995)
(Moe Yajima :6 2006)
2 Defining Terms
Influence
an effect on the character, development, or
behavior of someone or something(Oxford
Dictionary)
The Japanese have the positive identity.
The Japanese have the image that their culture is
unique and different.
2 Defining Terms
True
Japanese self-image heavily affected by
Nihonjinron still now.
False
The effection of Nihonjinron to Japanese selfimage no longer remain excessively.
OUTLINE
1 Introduction
2 Defining Terms
3 True Evidence
4 False evidence
5 Analysis
6 Conclusion
3.1 True Evidence
Figure 1:Foreigner can not Understand Japanese
Culture
Japanese culture is
unique
68%
32%
yes
no
The Institution of Stastistical Mathmatics (2003)
2 Defining Terms
Three Examples of character in Nihonjinron
(1)Japan is homogeneous society(Oguma 1995)
(2) Japan is ‘uniquely’ unique(Mouer and
Sugimoto 1997)
Influence
(3) ‘Group-orientation is the dominant cultural
pattern which shapes behavior’ in Japanese
society (Oguma 1995)
( Moe Yajima :6 2006)
2 Defining Terms
Nihonjinron
もともと日本人が「日本および日本人」を
論じるようになった背景には、日本人が外
国人との接触を通して、異質なものとの出
会いによって、日本人であることを強く意
識するという心理的メカニズムがあったと
されている
Influence
(野村総合研究所編 quoted in 日本人の検証 1978)
3.1 True Evidence
Figure1:Foreigner can not Understand Japanese
Culture
Japanese self-image heavily affected by
Nihonjinron still now
The Institution of Stastistical Mathmatics (2003)
3.2 True Evidence
No. 1 best seller in 2006
Tōhan 2006
3.2 True Evidence
3.2 True Evidence
Nihonjinron keeps being
published still now
+
Nihonjinron keeps it’s
popularity still now
2 Defining Terms
Nihonjinron
もともと日本人が「日本および日本人」を
論じるようになった背景には、日本人が外
国人との接触を通して、異質なものとの出
会いによって、日本人であることを強く意
識するという心理的メカニズムがあったと
されている
Influence
(野村総合研究所編 quoted in 日本人の検証 1978)
3.2 True Evidence
The view that Japan
comprises an extremely
uniform culture
continues to be both
dominant and
pervasive despite
several studies which
questioned and
challenged this
perspective.
Sugimoto (1997:ix)
3.2 True Evidence
Nihonjinron keeps being
published still now
+
Nihonjinron keeps it’s
Japanese
self-image
heavily
affected
by
popularity
still
now
Nihonjinron still now
OUTLINE
1 Introduction
2 Defining Terms
3 True Evidence
4 False evidence
5 Analysis
6 Conclusion
4.1 False Evidence
日本がエコノミックアニマルと言わ
れた当時、日本の企業人は、コン
プレックスどころか、横柄なぐらい
自信を持っていましたよね。しか
も、欧米のジャーナリズムも「終身
雇用や家族的経営に代表される
日本式経営はすごい」と尊敬して
いました。欧米側も決して日本を見
下すのではなく、「俺たちが創った
レールを、俺たちよりうまく進んで
いる」ということで脅威に感じてい
たのが、今から30年ほど前です。
Toyokeizai (2013)
Kiyokazu Washida
Philosopher
4.1 False Evidence
Figure 2 : The Japanese have the superiority against
Western Culture
The Institution of Stastistical Mathmatics(2012)
4.1 False Evidence
Figure 3: Whether young people have pride in their
nations or not(2006)
Asahi-Shimbun 2006
NO Influence
2 Defining Terms
Nihonjinron
もともと日本人が「日本および日本人」を
論じるようになった背景には、日本人が外
国人との接触を通して、異質なものとの出
会いによって、日本人であることを強く意
識するという心理的メカニズムがあったと
されている
(野村総合研究所編 quoted in 日本人の検証 1978)
4.1 False Evidence
Figure 2 : The Japanese have the superiority against
Western Culture
The effection of Nihonjinron to Japanese
self-image no longer remain excessively
The Institution of Stastistical Mathmatics(2012)
4.2 False Evidence
Figure 4: The Japanese have the patriotism
Cabinet Office, Government of Japan(2013)
4.2 False evidence
Figure 5: Would you fight for your Country?
2005 「世界価値観調査」
2 Defining Terms
Nihonjinron
もともと日本人が「日本および日本人」を
論じるようになった背景には、日本人が外
国人との接触を通して、異質なものとの出
会いによって、日本人であることを強く意
識するという心理的メカニズムがあったと
されている
NO Influence
(野村総合研究所編 quoted in 日本人の検証 1978)
4.2 False evidence
The effection of Nihonjinron to Japanese
self-image no longer remain excessively
OUTLINE
1 Introduction
2 Defining Terms
3 True Evidence
4 False evidence
5 Analysis
6 Conclusion
5 Analysis
Figure 6: Foreigner can not understand Japanese
culture
The Institution of Stastistical Mathmatics (2003)
5 Analysis
5 Analysis
Table 1:Degree of recognition and empathy
about specific idea
Manabe and Befu 1989
5 Analysis
False Evidence
Figure 7: Which country do you want to live ?
2012 The Institute of Statistical Mathematics
OUTLINE
1 Introduction
2 Defining Terms
3 True Evidence
4 False evidence
5 Analysis
6 Conclusion
6 conclusion
True evidence 1 △
True evidence2 △
False evidence1
△
False evidence2
×
6 Conclusion
Japanese selfimage heavily
affected by
Nihonjinron still now.
Thank you for your listening