Vehicle-Infrastructure Cooperative System and Probe Data in Japan

Vehicle-Infrastructure Cooperative
VehicleSystem and Probe Data in Japan
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
1. Start of ITS Spot service
2. Collecting probe data via ITS Spots
3 Utilizing probe data in road administration
3.
4 Applicability
4.
A li bili to private-sector
i
services
i
1. Start of ITS Spot service
• Installation of the vehicle-infrastructure cooperative system in 2011 has
made p
possible various services in an “all-in-one” system.
y
• Services are provided via 5.8 GHz DSRC that links “ITS Spots” and
compatible on-board units installed in vehicles.
○Sales commenced
in October 2009
OBU for ITS Spot
○Deployed on expressways
nationwide in 2011
0
ITS Spot
ISO 24103
ISO 29281
1
1. Start of ITS Spot service
Locations of ITS Spots
• Installed at approximately 1,600 locations on expressways throughout all of
Japan
• Installed at 10 to 15-km intervals
along inter-city expressways
• Installed at approximately 4-km
intervals along inner-city
凡例
p
y
expressways
100km
2
1. Start of ITS Spot service
ITS Spot-compatible OBUs
• ITS Spot-compatible OBUs are marketed by 7 companies.
• It is forecasted that a total of approximately 10M units will be sold over
5 years.
Manufacturers
M
f
off ITS
Spot-compatible OBUs
1 T
1.
Toyota
t Motor
M t Corporation
C
ti
(Sales started in Oct. 2009)
2. Pioneer
M units
Forecasted growth of ITS Spot
Spotcompatible OBUs
4
Total of approx.
10 million units
in 5 years
(Oct. 2009)
3
3. Mitsubishi Electric
(Oct. 2009)
4. Panasonic
(Mar. 2010)
5. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
(Mar. 2010)
6. Nissan Motor
(Jun. 2011)
7. Alpine Electronics
(Jul. 2011)
2
1
0
1st year
2nd year 3rd year
4th year
5th year
Source: ITS Japan
3
1. Start of ITS Spot service
・High-speed, high-volume communications between roads and vehicles
provides road traffic information and others, and allows collection of
d t from
data
f
vehicles.
hi l
Three basic services
Dynamic route guidance: Receipt of wide-area congestion data allows car
navigation
i ti system
t
tto select
l t routes
t intelligently.
i t lli
tl
Safety driving support: Reduction of close-call experiences by alerting
drivers to possible dangers
g
such as fallen obstacles.
ETC:
Realization of ETC services.
Collection of probe data: Collection of traveling data from individual vehicles
Other services (available with some manufacturer’s OBUs)
Local sightseeing information and other information can be obtained
via Internet connection.
*Additionally
Additionally, services related to payments
payments, tourism
tourism, distribution
distribution, etc
etc., are
planned for the future.
4
2. Collecting probe data via ITS Spots
ITS Spot
Download
ITS Spot-compatible
OBU
Probe data
Accumulated
A
l t d probe
b d
data
t iis picked
i k d up
when a car passes an ITS Spot.
Probe server
Intranet
Road
administrators
Consolidation and tabulation
of p
probe data
• Data
D t collected
ll t d
• Travel data
; Time, location, speed
• Behavioral data ;Time,
;Time acceleration in all directions
directions, yaw angle speed
• Timing of data recording
Location and speed: Every 200 meters of driving distance or when
direction of travel changes by 45 degrees
Acceleration:
When 0.25 G is surpassed
Y angle
Yaw
l speed:
d Wh
When ±8.5
±8 5 d
deg/s
/ iis surpassed
d
• Data recording distance: Approx. 80 km
5
2. Collecting probe data via ITS Spots
P
Processed
d probe
b data
d t (Sapporo
(S
City)
Cit )
• Utilizing probe data collected via ITS Spots on expressways make it possible
t survey whole-area
to
h l
t
travel
l speed
d on expressways and
d ordinary
di
roads.
d
Hokkaido
道央道
Expressway
（滝川方面）
(to
Takikawa)
札樽道
Sasson
Expressway
（小樽方面）
(to Otaru)
Average of 12 daylight hours
between April 23, and May 10
4/23（土）～5/10（火）昼間12h平均
Road
type
yp
道路種別
Code
凡例
高速道路
Expressway
一般道
Ordinary road
ビーコン
ITS spot
Speed
速度
Code
凡例
Less than 20 km/h
0～20km/h未満
20～40km/h未満
20 to less than 40 km/h
40～60km/h未満
40 to less than 60 km/h
60 to less than 80 km/h
60～80km/h未満
80 to less than 100 km/h
80～100km/h未満
100 km/h and over
100km/h以上
0
1.5
3
6 Km
キキキキキキ
Hokkaido Expressway
道央道
(to Tomakomai)
（苫小牧方面）
6
2. Collecting probe data via ITS Spots
Example of probe data analysis
Traffic conditions on the Tomei Expressway can be surveyed by section
and time slot
slot.
 These data will be applied to administrative decisions.
例) GW期間中は8時台から13時台にかけて、厚木IC、綾瀬サグ、大和サグ等を先頭に東名川崎ICまで
断続的に渋滞していることがわかる
断続的に渋滞していることがわかる。
Edina
Service Area
海老名SA
80km/h以上
80
km/h or over
60km/h以上80km/h未満
60 to less than 80 km/h
40km/h以上60km/h未満
40
to less than 60 km/h
20km/h以上40km/h未満
20 to less than 40 km/h
20km/h未満
Less
than 20 km/h
取得デ
取得データ無し
N
No
d
data
tタ無し
acquired
i d
Bottom
of
大和サグ
Yamato
sag
最底部
Atsugi Interchange
厚木IC
Bottom of
綾瀬サグ
最底部
Ayase
sag
Outbound
A.
M.
P.
M.
direction
下り方向
DRM link including
大和サグを含む
Yamato sag
DRMリンク
7:00
7時台
8:00
8時台
9:00
9時台
10:00
10時台
11:00
11時台
12:00
12時台
1:00.
13時台
2:00
14時台
3:00
15時台
4:00
16時台
5:00
17時台
6:00
18時台
また、時間帯別平均旅行速度と交通量を用いることで、区間別の渋滞損失時間を算出できる。
Time
lost to traffic congestion in each zone can be calculated
例) 厚木ICから東京ICまで断続して渋滞しており、横浜町田ICより上流側で特に損失時間が大きくなっている。
Time loss
Tim
me slot
DRM link including
綾瀬サグを含む
Ayase sag
DRMリンク
厚木IC
Outbound
Ebina
Service Area
海老名SA
Bottom of
綾瀬サグ
direction
下り方向
Bottom of
大和サグ
横浜町田
東名川崎
7
東京IC
3. Utilizing probe data in road administration
P b data
Probe
d t application
li ti menu
• Greater sophistication and efficiency can be achieved in various areas of
road administration by utilizing travel records and behavioral records.
Use area
Survey and planning
Congestion
countermeasures
Traffic safety measures
Management
g
of largeg
vehicle passage
Road management
g
during disasters
Provision of information
Forms of probe data use
• Implementation of whole-area and continuous travel speed surveys
• Quantitative survey of congestion conditions
• Clarification of effect of road construction on road traffic
• Analysis of travel conditions on community roads
• Identification of potential hazardous points (accident-prone areas)
• Surveyy of conditions concerning
gp
passage
g of special-purpose
p
p p
vehicles
and vehicles carrying hazardous materials
• Identification of p
passable route during
g disasters
• Survey of passage conditions during snowfall
• Increased sophistication of provided road traffic data
8
3. Utilizing probe data in road administration
E
Example
l off application
li ti in
i evaluation
l ti off road
d policy
li
• Probe data can be used to ascertain road traffic over a wide area and
evaluate road policy quantitatively.
Pilot p
project
j
abolishing
g expressway
p
y tolls
Zone: 1,652-km zone
Period: June 28, 2010, to March 31, 2011
 Change in speed during peak time periods
With tolls
Without tolls
Speed
Code
Less than 30 km/h
Oi
30 to less than 40 km/h
40 to less than 50 km/h
Oi
50 km/h and over
Kameoka
Kameoka
423
423
出典：浜松河川国道事務所
（2008年度事業評価資料）
9
9
Shino
Shino
9
3. Utilizing probe data in road administration
E
Example
l off application
li ti in
i road
d project
j t evaluation
l ti
• Utilizing probe data makes it possible to quantitatively evaluate road projects,
such
h as llane-widening
id i work.
k
Example of the effect of road-widening project on National Highway 1
 Despite an increase in traffic
ff volume on National Route 1 from
f
4,100 vehicles/hour
/
to 5,600
vehicles/hour, travel time was reduced.
 Travel time on the parallel Iwata-Hosoe Line (prefectural road) was also reduced.
 Travel
T
l speed
d iincreased
d ffrom th
the previous
i
20 kkm/h
/h or lless tto 40 kkm/h
/h or more.
Change in travel time on Nat. Route 1
Pre-project
Post-project
Change in travel time on Iwata-Hosoe Line
(prefectural road)
16-minute
Improvement
p
Iwata City Office → Hamamatsu City Office
16-minute
improvement
((-34%))
12-minute
12-minute
Improvement
(-27%)
Improvement
p
Hamamatsu City Office  Iwata City Office
Source: Hamamatsu Office of River and National Highway
(FY2008 project evaluation data)
Trave
el time (minutess)
Trave
el time (minute
es)
50
Pre-project
27-minute
Improvement
Post-project
Post
project
Koyasu Intersection  Nagamori Intersection
10
3. Utilizing probe data in road administration
Example of identification of potential accident points
• Extracting locations of sudden braking or abrupt steering from behavioral
records in probe data makes it possible to identify potential hazardous points
points.
Point of frequent sudden
braking or abrupt steering
: 10 or more
: 60 or more
• Tunnel with high number of accidents
• Point with high number of sudden
b ki iincidents
braking
id t
Sharp curve with high
number of sudden
braking/abrupt steering
incidents
Sharp curve with high
number of sudden
b ki iincidents
braking
id
• Continuous sharp curve with high
number of accidents
• Point
P i with
i h high
hi h number
b off sudden
dd
braking/abrupt steering incidents
• Sharp curve with high number of accidents
• Point with high number of sudden
braking/abrupt steering incidents
Sharp curve with high
number of sudden braking/
abrupt steering incidents
Source:AHS Research Association, NILIM
(Material of the 2007 ITS Symposium)
11
3. Utilizing probe data in road administration
E
Example
l off application
li ti during
d i a disaster
di
t
• Probe data collected by automobile manufacturers can be used in estimating
passable routes
routes. (Great East Japan Earthquake)
•Application in selection of routes for emergency transport vehicles
•Ascertainment
Ascertainment of information on whether or not routes are passable
within the nuclear accident evacuation area
Legend
: Road with recorded passage (private-sector data)
: Data on route closures provided by road managers
(public-sector data)
Data on vehicle passage and route closure
Source: ITS Japan
12
4. Applicability to private-sector services
S
Support
t for
f distribution
di t ib ti business
b i
• Distribution companies can estimate product arrival times by surveying
vehicle locations by probe data.
• The system supports regular reviews of operation plans and greater
efficiency in receiving work by mass retailers
retailers.
•Provision of delivery vehicle
operating
ti conditions
diti
•Provision of predicted arrival time
•Shortening of transshipment
standby time
•Settlement of freight claims and
obligations (at time of arrival)
•Provision of predicted
arrival time
•Shortening of receiving
standby time
Product factory
Cooperative
distribution center
Mass retailer
•Review of operation plans
based on traveled routes
and travel times
13
4. Applicability to private-sector services
Support for scheduled express bus operation
• The system collects probe data from express buses and estimates their
current locations and arrival times.
• It provides current location and estimated arrival time to expressway bus
stops, thereby shortening waiting time and supporting transfers.
• Provides information on operation and approaching
buses via mobile phones and the Internet
Bus terminal
• S
Supports
t transfers
t
f
between
b t
express buses
b
att key
k
regional transport hubs.
Bus stop
Mobile
phone
Destination
Bus stop
Destination
Operation
data server
Local bus, express bus Bus location
information
（プローブ情報）
（プロ
ブ情報）
Information
on
operation
and buses
approaching
bus stops
PC
Display board
at bus stop,
etc.
t
(probe data)
14

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