力学の基礎２ 極座標 角運動量保存 剛体の力学 第１回 2006.9.19 ■ Rigid Body Kinematics（１） • Simplify the physics: use concept of an ideal particle – No size, no shape – No internal structure – Mass • Objects in the real world are not point-like particles. A real object has a – Mass distribution – Size – Shape ■ Rigid Body Kinematics（２） • The motion of a real object involves both: – Translational motion of the center of mass – Rotational motion about an axis Rotation of a rigid body about an axis ■ 重心の運動 並進運動と回転運動の分離 A G B MA : M B = 1 : 2 ■ 角運動量の保存する例 Looking down upon the Solar System from above (plane view), this image shows the orbital path of Earth, Mars, Comet Tempel 1 and Jupiter. The positions of the Earth at launch and encounter are marked with a solid circle as is the comet at encounter. This false-color image shows comet Tempel 1 about 50 minutes after Deep Impact's probe smashed into its surface. This picture was taken by Deep Impact's high-resolution camera. This image shows comet Tempel 1 approximately 5 minutes before Deep Impact's probe smashed into its surface. It was taken by the probe's impactor targeting sensor. The Sun is to the right of the image and reveals terrain varying in brightness by a factor of two. Shadows and bright areas indicate surface topography. Smooth regions with no features (lower left and upper right) are probably younger than rougher areas with circular features, which are most likely impact craters. The probe crashed between the two dark-rimmed craters near the center and bottom of the comet. The nucleus is estimated to be about 5 kilometers (3.1 miles) across and 7 (4.3 miles) kilometers tall. ■ 直交座標と極座標 y r q x
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