Cartas de Crédito

Treasury and Trade Solutions
April, 8th 2015
Cartas de Crédito
Estructura de la solicitud y evitando inconsistencias
Juan Carlos Pinto
Product Manager
Latin America Trade Services
[email protected]
Table of Contents
1. Estructura de una Solicitud
2
2. Análisis de la información en la solicitud
por inconsistencias
9
3. El SWIFT MT700
14
Solicitud de Carta de Crédito—Estructura y Análisis
Contenido
 Estructura de una Solicitud
– Tipo de Crédito e Integrantes
– Monto y Términos de Pago
– Fecha y lugar de vencimiento, ultima fecha de embarque y periodo de presentación
– Descripción de la mercadería y términos de embarque (Incoterm)
– Documentación requerida
– Condiciones adicionales
 Análisis de la información en la Solicitud por inconsistencias
– Inconsistencia en la logística
– Términos de pagos de imposible determinación
– Inconsistencias entre fechas vs. periodo de presentación
– Términos de embarque vs. documentación requerida
 El SWIFT MT700
1
1. Estructura de una Solicitud
Estructura de una Solicitud
2
Estructura de una Solicitud
Estructura de una Solicitud
Tipo de Credito y participantes
3
Estructura de una Solicitud
Estructura de una Solicitud
Monto y Términos de Pago
PAGO A LA VISTA (CON O SIN GIRO)
PAGO DIFERIDO
ACEPTACION
PAGO MIXTO
4
Estructura de una Solicitud
Estructura de una Solicitud
Fecha y lugar de vencimiento, ultima fecha de embarque y periodo de presentación
5
Estructura de una Solicitud
Estructura de una Solicitud
Descripción de la mercadería y términos de Embarque (Incoterms)
6
Estructura de una Solicitud
Estructura de una Solicitud
Documentación requerida
7
Estructura de una Solicitud
Estructura de una Solicitud
Condiciones adicionales
8
Estructura de una Solicitud
2. Análisis de la Información en la Solicitud
por Inconsistencias
Análisis de la Información en la Solicitud por Inconsistencias
Inconsistencia en la Logística

LEE BENE
1-54 CHINA STREET, SHANGHAI,
CHINA
CASA DI RISPAMIO
9
Análisis de la información en la solicitud
ROMA
ITALIA
Análisis de la Información en la Solicitud por Inconsistencias
Términos de pagos de Imposible Determinación


100%
FCR (Forwarder Cargo Receipt)
10
Análisis de la información en la solicitud
120
Análisis de la Información en la Solicitud por Inconsistencias
Inconsistencias entre fechas vs. Periodo de Presentación
DICIEMBRE 31, 2010
NOVIEMBRE 28, 2010
15
11
Análisis de la información en la solicitud
Estructura de una Solicitud
Términos de Embarque vs. documentación requerida




12
Análisis de la información en la solicitud
Estructura de una Solicitud
Términos de Embarque vs. documentación requerida

SIEMPRE
13
Análisis de la información en la solicitud

3. El SWIFT MT700
El SWIFT MT700
Status
Tag
Field Name
Status
Tag
Field Name
M
27
Sequence of Total
O
43P
Partial Shipments
M
40A
Form of Documentary Credit
O
43T
Transhipment
M
20
Documentary Credit Number
O
44A
Place of Taking in Charge/Dispatch
from.../Place of Receipt
O
23
Reference to Pre-Advice
O
44E
Port of Loading/Airport of Departure
O
31C
Date of Issue
O
44F
Port of Discharge/Airport of Destination
M
40E
Applicable Rules
O
44B
M
31D
Date and Place of Expiry
Place of Final Destination/For
Transportation to.../Place of Delivery
O
51a
Applicant Bank
O
44C
Latest Date of Shipment
M
50
Applicant
O
44D
Shipment Period
M
59
Beneficiary
O
45A
Description of Goods and/or Services
M
32B
Currency Code, Amount
O
46A
Documents Required
O
39A
Percentage Credit Amount Tolerance
O
47A
Additional Conditions
O
39B
Maximum Credit Amount
O
71B
Charges
O
39C
Additional Amounts Covered
O
48
Period for Presentation
M
41a
Available With … By …
M
49
Confirmation Instructions
O
42C
Drafts at …
O
53a
Reimbursing Bank
O
42a
Drawee
O
78
Instructions to the
Paying/Accepting/Negotiating Bank
O
42M
Mixed Payment Details
O
57a
‘Advise Through’ Bank
O
42P
Deferred Payment Details
O
72
Sender to Receiver Information
M = Mandatory
14
El SWIFT MT700
O = Optional
El SWIFT MT700
15
El SWIFT MT700
¿Cómo Evitar Discrepancias y Demoras?
Campo
Detalle
Recomendacion
Direccion del
Beneficiario
No se incluye la direccion del beneficiario o
esta incompleta
Indicar la direccion completa del beneficiario (Nombre,
Calle, Estado, Pais, Numero, etc.)
Evitar utilizar P. O. Box
Lugar de Expiracion
No se indica el lugar de vencimiento
El lugar de expiracion debera ser el pais del
banco negociador
Disponibilidad de
la L/C
Existe Inconsistencia entre la disponibilidad del
credito y los detalles del giro
Los principios basicos son
 Drafts at sight (vista)—LC available ‘By payment’
 Term drafts on Citibank NY (usance)—LC available
‘By Acceptance’
 Term drafts on any other bank—LC available
‘By negotiation’
 Term Credit, no drafts—LC available ‘By
Deferred Payment’
Available With … By, LC no especifica detalles de disponibilidad, giros,
Drafts At …, Girado y girado, (Available with...By, Drafts At.., Drawee) y
Lugar de Vencimiento lugar de vencimiento
Siempre que aplique, toda LC debe contener
claramente indicados: Disponibilidad, Banco
Negociador, Plazo del Giro/pago; Girado y lugar
de vencimiento
Fecha de Expiracion
Asegurarse al indicar la fecha de vencimiento/
expiracion que es del presente año y posterior a la
del embarque
16
El SWIFT MT700
A veces se coloca el año anterior, la fecha
supuesta de aviso o incosistente con la fecha
ultima de embarque
¿Cómo evitar Discrepancias y Demoras?
Campo
Detalle
Descripcion de la
mercancia
Cuando la misma incluye terminos como:
As per Purchase Order No. …,
Spare Parts, Commodity : B-18-S,
As per Contract No. XXX, As per Performa
Invoice, Machine Parts, RI-H7802-8-I, Details as
per ATT
Puertos o aeropuertos No se mencionan los puertos en general o es
de embarque y
incosistente con el medio de transporte (maritimo
desembarque
pero mencionan aeropuerto)
Confirmacion
No facilitan autorizacion de debito a cuenta o
nominan a un banco reembolsador
Advise Through Bank No indican la direccion Swift del Advise Through
Bank o la direccion fisica
Retransmision de
mensajes y LCs
17
El SWIFT MT700
El banco emisor solicita a Citi la retransmision de
un mensaje o una LC
Recomendacion
La LC debera siempre incluir una breve descripcion
del producto y/o servicio. En el caso de equipos
algunos equipos electronicos o productos quimicos,
indicar el uso final del mismo. Evitar el uso de
acronismos tecnicos
Mencionar los puertos o aeropuertos dependiendo del
modo de transporte
Para que Citi pueda confirmar una LC, se requiere:
a) autorizacion por parte del emisor a debitar su
cuenta o b) autorizacion a reclamar reembolso a un
banco en el pais en el que se efectuara el pago
(GBP, JPY)
Facilitar la direccion completa y la direccion Swift del
2do banco avisador si se encuentra en el mismo pais
del 1er banco avisador (street address, city, state and
Zip Code) along with the Swift /GCN address, if LC to
be advised via electronic means. Si se encontrase en
otro pais, indicar claramente la direccion Swift y la
sucursal especifica de requerirse
Considerando que Citibank tiene claramente definida
una politica de “no retransmision” de mensajes u
operaciones ni a otro banco ni a sus sucursales,
solicitar actue como avisador o buscar la manera de
enviarla directamente
¿Cómo evitar discrepancias y demoras?
Campo
Detalle
Recomendacion
Documentos
requeridos
(Transporte)
Documento de transporte no requerido en la LC
Todas las LCs deben requerir factura comercial y
documento de embarque, dependiendo de la
modalidad. Esto se exige para cumplir con las leyes
relacionadas al lavado de dinero prinicpalmente.
Adicionalmente, en caso de requerirse los originales
debera indicarse la cantidad
Documentos
Existe inconsistencia entre los INCOTERMS y
requeridos
otras referencias al flete o seguro dentro de
(no consistente con
la LC
los terminos de venta)
La LC debera indicar los terminos de venta
(INCOTERMS) bajo los cuales la mercancia sera
despachada y debera existir consistencia con la forma
de pago del flete. Si el termino inlcuye la letra “I”, un
documento de seguro debera ser requerido
Condiciones
adicionales
(verificacion
de firmas)
LC solicita como condicion especial el que Citi
verifique la firma en los documentos presentados
para negociacion, contra un especimen de firma
enviado y que forma parte integral de la LC
Los bancos, por practica bancaria en comercio
exterior, y por las reglas, no asumen responsabilidad
de la verificacion de firmas Article 15). As per policy
Citibank does not verify signatures on documents
presented for negotiation against any specimen
provided by the Issuing bank
Cargos
La LC, o la modificacion, menciona condiciones
como: sera operativa o avisada una vez se
cobren los cargos respectivos
Eliminar este tipo de condicion ya que no es buena
practica bancaria. Los cargos se cobraran al
momento de la negociacion o cuando el beneficiario
los pague una vez avisada la misma
18
El SWIFT MT700
¿Alguna pregunta?
Dudas, aclaraciones,
preguntas o comentarios
19
El SWIFT MT700
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