THE GAME IS ON!

THE GAME IS ON!
REINVENTING DHARAVI THROUGH
STREET-LED SLUM UPGRADING
o
STUDIO
THE GAME IS ON!
REINVENTING DHARAVI THROUGH
STREET-LED SLUM UPGRADING
o
STUDIO
2014 THE GAME IS ON!;
Nederlands team van Felixx Landscape
Architects & Planners, Studio OxL en IHS
(International Institute of Urban Management)
wint eervolle vermelding in de Reinventing
Dharavi competitie in Mumbai, India!
Dharavi is de grootste informele nederzetting van Mumbai en
één van de grootste sloppenwijken ter wereld. De centrale ligging
in de metropolitane regio van Mumbai zorgt voor een hoge druk
op het gebied. Dit heeft de afgelopen jaren geresulteerd in forse
plannen voor de ontwikkeling van een hoogstedelijke district.
De prijsvraag ‘Reinventing Dharavi’ zoekt naar alternatieve
ontwikkelingsstrategiën, en is georganiseerd door het UDRI
(Urban Design Research Institute) van Mumbai.
In plaats van een herontwikkelingsproject voor Dhraravi,
zetten we in op goede connecties met Mumbai.
Het voorstel bouwt verder op de paradigmaverschuiving in
de algemene herontwikkelingsbenadering van sloppenwijken.
Ruimtelijk afgebakende projecten worden vervangen door
integrale strategieën op stedelijke schaal. ‘’We zien informele
nederzettingen niet langer als geïsoleerde eilanden van
armoede, maar eerder als verstoken buurten in een stad’’, stelt
Claudio Acioly, Chief of Housing Policy Section bij UN Habitat.
THE GAME IS ON!
REINVENTING DHARAVI THROUGH
STREET-LED SLUM UPGRADING
DECEMBER 2014
Gustoweg 45 h
3029 AR Rotterdam
KvK Amsterdam 54608732
tel: 0031 (0)10 27 33 028
www.felixx.nl
[email protected]
DISCLAIMER:
This publication has been prepared by Felixx Landscape Architects & Planners.
Reproduction and public presentation only after official permission. All materials
Copyright © Felixx Landscape Architects & Planners 2014, Felixx, Rotterdam
Het zijn integrale onderdelen van het gehele
stadssysteem, maar ze worden ruimtelijk
afgesloten door de afwezigheid van straten
en openbare ruimtes.
Street-led slum upgrading
‘‘Door te investeren in het gemeenschappelijk
gebied en het opwaarderen van openbare
ruimte, willen we Dharavi opnieuw integreren
in het stedelijk weefsel en geleidelijke
herontwikkeling stimuleren’’, zegt Deborah
Lambert, landschapsarchitect bij Felixx.
Deze ‘street-led’ methode bestaat uit drie
strategieën: infrastructuur & mobiliteit, water
& sanitatie en (her)ontwikkeling. Alle ingrepen
voor deze strategieën zijn geintegreerd
in vernieuwde straatprofielen. Bestaande
straten worden op- of afgewaardeerd tot een
hiërarchische netwerk, dat ruimte biedt aan
verschillende vervoersvormen. Verschillende
waterstructuren
worden
verbonden
om stilstaand water te voorkomen, en
de afwatering wordt aangesloten op
de rivier. Infiltratiezones vertragen de
regenwaterafvoer, een rioleringssysteem
verzamelt het afvalwater en nieuwe
toevoerpunten van schoon water maken van
Dharavi een gezonde en klimaatbestendige
plek. De vernieuwde straten verbinden
buurten, bedrijven en sociale activiteiten.
Ze creëren een basis voor het bepalen van
eigendomsgrenzen, waardoor elk huishouden
en bedrijf een adres krijgt. Daarnaast krijgt
iedere buurt een centraal plein, als sociaal
en economisch ankerpunt. Als nieuwe
identiteitsdragers creëren ze ruimte om de
diversiteit aan verschillende culturen binnen
de vele kleine gemeenschappen van Dharavi
te vieren, te tonen en te ontwikkelen.
Dynamisch raamwerk
ruimte als spelbord
voor
openbare
De drie strategieën zijn geïntegreerd
in een dynamisch raamwerk voor de
openbare ruimte, om de samenhang tussen
de strategieën te bewaken tijdens een
participatief proces. Het raamwerk behandelt
een verscheidenheid aan belangen, van lokale
ondernemers tot internationale ontwikkelaars,
en verbindt diverse schaalniveaus, van de
metropoolregio Mumbai tot de vele kleine
wijken in Dharavi. Het raamwerk laat daarbij
de kansen zien voor geleidelijke ontwikkeling
door kwaliteiten te identificeren in de
publieke ruimte. Daarnaast kadert het ook
de condities voor deze ontwikkelingen, door
de capaciteit van het infrastructurele netwerk
te bepalen. Als een ruimtelijk spelbord laat
het raamwerk de betekenis en wisselwerking
van verschillende maatregelen zien, en hoe
deze elkaar kunnen versterken of uitsluiten.
Dat spel willen we spelen. Verschillende
schalen en belangen verbinden in een
uitgebalanceerd en gedraagen raamwerk. En
daarvoor nodigen we iedereen uit om deel
te nemen. The game is on!
De bekroonde voorstellen werden tijdens
een conferentie gepresenteerd, voorafgaand
aan de prijsuitreiking op 18 december 2014.
Het doel is om een permanente dialoog op
te starten tussen de deskundigen, betrokken
autoriteiten en organisaties voor de
herontwikkeling van Dharavi.
* This document is a concise graphical overview. More information and detailed project documentation on request.
REINVENTING DHARAVI
is a competition to generate new ideas,
concepts and interventions for integration of
urban uses – affordable housing, livelihoods,
health and sanitation, recreation, education,
urban design and urban planning, social and
cultural activities, environment, governance,
economics... in a sustainable manner.
Dharavi is well-established as one of the
world’s most significant communities requiring
a critical re-imagination for a better future. We
seek to revisit Dharavi through adaptable and
multidisciplinary approaches. The competition
aims at exploring strategies for achieving
affordability through innovative methodes for
governance, management and maintenance.
The objective is to initiate an on-going
dialogue on the critical issues and spread
the ideas contributed by the participants,
world-wide among the concerned authorities,
organisations and peoples. With open access
it will be possible to influence the future
directions towards our cherished aims.
www.reinventingdharavi.org
INTRODUCTION
The common approach towards slum
upgrading seems to shift. Slums are no longer
considered isolated islands of poverty, but
rather deproved neighbourhoods within the
city. They are an integral part of the overall city
system, but spatially segregated due to the
absance of streets and open spaces.
This caused a paradigm shift in the general slum
upgrading approach. From boundry defined
redevelopment projects towards citywide
strategies. By investing in the common good
and upgrading public spaces, former slums
are reintegrated into the city and gradual
redevelopment is facilitated. These strategies
are widely explored in various contexts and
the results are extensively investigated.
Our proposal for the redevelopment
Dharavi builds on this substantial expertise.
of
PROPOSAL
STREET-LED APPROACH
We take advantage of streets as the
natural conduits to connect Dharavi with
the regional and metropolitan network of
Mumbai. This street-led approach consists
of three strategies: infrastructure & mobility,
water & sanitation and regeneration &
development. The strategies are integrated
into a dynamic public space framework,
controlling the different themes within a
participartory process. As the driving force
for gradual redevelopment, the framework
difines six sub-projects with different goals
and challenges. We will explain and illustrate
this approach.
INFRASTRUCTURE
&
MOBILITY
WATER
&
SANITATION
REGENERATION
&
DEVELOPMENT
DYNAMIC PUBLIC SPACE
FRAMEWORK
1. TURN EXTERNAL FORCES INTO QUALITIES
2. MAKE DHARAVI PART OF MUMBAI
3. CREATE AN URBAN BACKBONE
4. ESTABLISH A LOCAL STREET NETWORK
5. INDICATE SQUARES AS NAGAR CENTERS
6. REDEVELOPMENT OF THE NAGARS
ANALYSIS
FROM INFORMAL SETTLEMENT TO
A FORMAL NEIGHBOURHOOD
1600-1961: INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS
Dharavi originated from a former fisherman’s
settlement. During the urbanisation of Mumbai,
Dharavi expanded with relocated communities
that were pushed to the edge of the city by the
authorities. By 1960, Dharavi became an amazing
mosaic of villages and townships with people from
all over India.
1971: FIRST FRAME
Dharavi was declared a slum in 1971, according
to the Maharashtra Slum Areas Improvement,
Clearance and Redevelopment Act. People were
provided with taps, toilets and electrical connections.
The Sion-Mahim-Link road, the 60ft and 90ft Road,
were all built around this time; sewer and water
lines were constructed. Transit Camps were built to
relocate people whose homes stood in the way of
new roads and other infrastructural projects.1
2004: SECOND FRAME
In 2004, the Government of Maharashtra accepted
the Dharavi Redevelopment Plan. The plan was to
divide Dharavi into five sectors, invite bids from
national/international players and provide free
housing and infrastructure for eligible slum dwellers
of Dharavi.1
1
RE-DHARAVI, SPARC, 2010, MUMBAI
1960, Dharavi became an amazing mosaic of villages and townships.
2004, The Dharavi Redevelopment Plan.
Instead of developing frames
for Dharavi, we have to develop
connections to Mumbai.
2014: CONNECTING INSTEAD OF FRAMING
This framing, first driven by the government,
later by market economy, reflects the struggle to
organize this informal grown society. The current
situation shows the marks of top-down planning
in the past, but moreover the energy of people by
means of bottom-up developments. A formerly
subordinated district, serving in the past only for
relocated communities, gradually transformed
into a hot-spot for business and entertainment
downtown center of 24-hour life. Today the official
city draws heavily on the labour and vigour of slum
or shanty residents. The lessons we should learn
from the past is that distinguishing Dharavi as an
island of poverty and informality from the rest of
the city does not work, despite all the attempts for
redevelopment. New models for slum upgrading
require a paradigm shift: slums as deprived
neighbourhoods that are an integral part of
the overall city system, but spatially segregated
and disconnected due to an absence of streets
and open spaces.1
STREET-LED CITYWIDE SLUM UPGRADING, UN-HABITAT, 2014, NAIROBI
1
UN-Habitat supports and substantiates this
paradigm shift. we insist on the reintegration
of slums into the overall city planning &
management, to foster urban regeneration.2
FIRST FRAME
SECOND FRAME
CONNECTING
INSTEAD OF
FRAMING
STREET-LED APPROACH
TO SLUM UPGRADING
THE STORY
We have successful
experiences with
the use of streetled upgrading
as a strategy to
transform slum
areas to mature
neighbourhoods.
STREETS ARE THE SPACE FOR
ACCESSIBILITY & MOBILITY
DEVELOP A QUALITATIVE PUBLIC
REALM TO OPEN UP DHARAVI, AND TO
CONNECT IT WITH ITS SURROUNDINGS.
CREATE A PUBLIC REALM
WHERE..
.. It is safe for me
to walk the streets.
It is easy for
me to walk to
school.
MEDELLIN, COLOMBIA
THE COMMON GOOD WHERE
ECONOMIC ACTIVITITIES TAKE PLACE
It is well organised for
me to drive around so
I can make more trips.
SOCIAL & CULTURAL ACTIVITIES ARE
ARTICULATED AND REINFORCED
I have the space to
sell my goods.
BASE FOR LEGILISATION AND
REGULARISATION
CONNECTING TO
THE CITY:
URBAN DEVELOPMENT
Clear streets mark
the cut between
what can be
public and private
property.
DETERMINE ZONES FOR
INSTANT DEVELOPMENT
STREETS CONNECT DHARAVI WITH
THE CITY. UPGRADING THE COMMON
PUBLIC SPACE CONNECTS NEIGHBOURS,
BUSINESSES AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
ADJACENT TO EACH OTHER.
FACILITATE GRADUAL
DEVELOPMENT
Way more
people pass
by our shop
now!
Improved accessibility
opens up chances for
more business.
We rebuilt our house,
since we know which
It enables the government to
capture tax, which we can
land is ours, and
which belongs to the
neighbours.
invest in the upgrading of the
public realm of Dharavi.
Together with the
community. Two areas
were appointed to be
developed as multifunctional urban districts.
People from Dharavi profit from
the medical facilities in these new
quarters.
The kids can play together on
the central square now. It’s
a good place to get together
with the community
We now have a good
house, in the same
neighbourhood that
we used to live in.
CONNECTING TO THE
MITHI RIVER:
FIRST THINGS FIRST:
FLOOD PROTECTION!
A RESILIENT WATER SYSTEM
SLOW DOWN RAIN WATER RUN
OFF...
INTEGRATE A WATER SYSTEM IN
THE STREETS THAT CONTROLS THE
FLUCTUATION OF THE RIVER, PROVIDES
CLEAN WATER AND IMPROVES
SANITATION FACILITIES.
DISCONNECT DIFFERENT WATER SYSTEMS
GREY WATER
BLACK WATER
BLUE WATER
I collect rain
water from the
retention basin
to do the laundry
& clean.
CONNECT DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
The engineered
wetland in the
Since we are
rebuilding the streets,
Mithi riverbed
absorbs and cleans
water. And it’s a
great place to stroll
around!
we can easily combine
it with the construction
of a sewage and water
system
.. AND USE IT!
We now have trees in the
streets, and water when
we need it the most:
When it’s hot!
We now have proper
toilets: public toilets on
every square, and inside
the community house.
To create water circulation in
the nalahs, we have set up a
garbage collection service. It’s
great business!!
Clean water from the
tap!
STRATEGY
THREE STRATEGIES FOR AN INTEGRATED APPROACH
The street-led approach results in three clear strategies
• Regeneration & Development
• Water and Sanitation
• Infrastructure & Mobility
These strategies are based on the prioritization of
streets. It is key to ensure that strategic choices are
made and that the streets selected for improvement
or implementation, initially are the ones that
are likely to bring the best outcome in terms of
development opportunities, poverty reduction,
optimization of land use and generation of wealth as
a result of increase in property values.1
1
Street-led Citywide Slum Upgrading, UN-Habitat, 2014, nairobi
REGENERATION & DEVELOPMENT
STREET-LED APPROACH TO SLUM
UPGRADING AND PROVOKING URBAN
DEVELOPMENT THROUGH THE
CONNECTION WITH MUMBAI.
WATER & SANITATION
CONNECTING TO MITHI RIVER AND
CREATING A RESILIENT WATER SYSTEM
TO IMPROVE SANITATION.
INFRASTRUCTURE & MOBILITY
CONNECTING TO MUMBAI AND
IMPROVING THE PUBLIC REALM FOR
BETTER ACCESSIBILITY AND MOBILITY.
OUTCOME OF THE STRATEGY
A DYNAMIC PUBLIC SPACE FRAMEWORK
All strategies are integrated in a public space framework,
capitalising the common space to upgrade Dharavi.
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A DYNAMIC PUBLIC
SPACE FRAMEWORK
A clear framework of streets
gives the government a tool
to steer and mediate between
stakeholders, and to combine
both city- and local scale
interests.
PARTICIPATORY PLANNING
Street-led is well suited for phased
and incremental development
through strong participatory
planning.
AGREE ON THE AMBITION
Not an upgraded slum, but a normal neighbourhood!
Experience with similar processes in South-America shows that in
some areas a higher percentage of demolition is required to meet
with the demands of inhabitants in the long term. India could use
this experience to set the goals for the future of Dharavi.
The trade-offs between avoiding relocation on
one hand, and better connectivity, development
potential and integration into the city systems
on the other, needs to be considered by the
community before making a decision.
AVOID POLARISATION
The framework is a spatial
instrument to tune our
interests with the ones from
the local residents...
That’s also the perspective from
which we have to approach the
existing context. We have to value
it in the light of the next decades,
see if it meets the demands of the
future generation of Dharavi.
...but it required a
change of attitude from
all parties involved.
So we have to create a
mode in which careful
demolition is approached
as a way forward. We
have to ensure everybody
benefits from it.
FROM PIECEMEAL PROJECT BASED UPGRADING TO PROGRAMME SCALE
Despite our efforts in the
past, this approach works
much better. It formulates
a base for communication
between all parties. This
results in a sustainable
collaboration in the long
term.
THE
THESIX
SIXSTEPS
STEPS
TO
SUCCESS
TO SUCCES
1. TURN EXTERNAL FORCES INTO
QUALITIES
• flood protection by enlarging
riverbed Mithi River
• large scale developments
2. MAKE DHARAVI PART OF MUMBAI
Development 60 ft Road
• drain water to river
• connect Dharavi to new urban
development
3. CREATE AN URBAN BACKBONE
Development 90 ft Road
• create a circulating water network
• connect Dharavi to new urban
development
4. ESTABLISH A LOCAL STREET
NETWORK
• infiltrating water network
• connecting local economies and
communities
5. INDICATE SQUARES AS NAGARCENTERS
• sanitation hubs
• concentrated nodes for facilities and
services
6. REDEVELOPMENT OF THE NAGARS
• participatory processes and
collaboration
1. TURN EXTERNAL FORCES INTO
QUALITIES
FLOOD PROTECTION BY ENGLARGING TO MITHI
RIVERBED INTO AN ENGINEERED WETLAND FOR
PURIFICATION AND RECREATION
By enlarging the space for the Mithi river, the capacity
for the river can be increased. This prevents flooding
of Dharavi during the monsoon & high-water periods.
Transforming the mangroves into engineered wetlands
offers the chance to connect this aim with cleaning &
remediating the water of the Mithi River. As an extensive
park it could function as a new recreational area, adding
environmental values to Dharavi.
EXISTING: MANGROVES &
BRIDGE BLOCKING WATERFLOW
ANTLER CREEK:
CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS
How could Dharavi deal
with the value pressure of
its territory? How could it
use real estate development
as leverage for the
current inhabitants and
communities?
ROOM FOR THE MARKET: LARGE SCALE
DEVELOPMENTS PROVIDE DISTRICT FACILITIES
The Government can allocate plots to initiate
commercial real estate development. This
would
temper the market pressure to enable a gradual
redevelopment of the vast majority of the Dharavi
territory. At the same time it would seize the current
pressure to create public facilities for the whole
district. Through the linkage of these development
to city-scale networks, this could be the first urban
connection of Dharavi with Mumbai.
Effects:
• Restrain financial pressure of unlocked territory
• Public transport hubs
• District facilities
• Gateways to Dharavi from the north and the south
• High quality public space
• Social mix of Mumbai inhabitants
• Park recreation
• Space for market extensions
• Real estate profit in flood protection.
• Jobs
• Business
• Place for temporary relocation
Within these new neigbourhoods
we also realise a long-stay hotel.
This is used for the temporary
relocation of residents, during the
transformation of the nagars in the
future.
Longstay
Bridge
Offices
Train
Hospital
Buildings
Hotel
Mangrove
Housing
Park Commerce
Garden
School yard Eductaion
Public green Market
Hospitality
Sport
Water Theatre
Train station Library
TURN EXTERNAL FORCES INTO
QUALITIES: MITHI RIVER
EXISTING SITUATION
INSTANT DEVELOPMENT
TURN EXTERNAL FORCES INTO
QUALITIES: LARGE SCALE DEVELOPMENT
EXISTING SITUATION
INSTANT DEVELOPMENT
2. MAKE DHARAVI PART OF
MUMBAI
60 FT ROAD
The 60ft road is currently used as main infrastructure
connection through Dharavi. Within the existing profile,
Government and stakeholders could collaborate to
develop a new street section, organising parking,
motorized traffic and pedestrian flows. Upgraded with
a lightrail, it connects to the existing public transport
facilities in Mumbai, and via a new bridge to the
Bandra-Kurla Complex and to the airport.
60 FT ROAD
1.
2.
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1. housing
2. commercial plinth
3. footpath with vending zone
4. slow traffic and load zone
5. two fast traffic lanes
6. zone with public transport
7. underground nalah
8. rainwater run-off
9. cooling by water that evaporates
10. green infiltration zone
8.
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DRAIN WATER TO THE RIVER
The nalah in the 60ft Road can
be rebuilt as underground greywater connection. It functions as
main drainage facility for Dharavi.
Engineered wetlands cleanse the
water before it flows into the Mithi
river.
EXISTING NALAH
CONNECT DHARAVI TO NEW URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLOTS
The upgrade of 60ft Road can be done within the existing street section. As
such it does not require any adjustments on the buildings, and can be initiated
and executed by the Government. It offers a clear designation of private and
public property, and a new red-line for gradual development along the street.
It reinforces the mutual connection between the new urban quarters and the
interweaving with the rest of Dharavi.
New buildings
60ft road
New functions
Lightrail
Hospital
Train
Recycling plant
Built fabric
LR stop
Park Junctions
Garden
60 ft road profile
School yard
Public green
Sport
Water
FUTURE GRADUAL
DEVELOPMENT WITH
AN OPEN PLINTH
Effects:
• More public space
• Increase pedestrian mobility
• Community Mix
• Beter access to Dharavi retail
• Market more accessible
• Decrease of garbage
• Dharavi better accessible from
neighbouring districts
• Less traffic jams
• Less traffic accidents
• Increase of potential clientele
• New possible junctions into Dharavi
EXISTING
SITUATION
EXISTING
SITUATION
STREETSTREET
UPGRADING
UPGRADE
GRUDUAL
DEVELOPMENT
GRADUAL
DEVELOPMENT
3. CREATE A URBAN BACKBONE
90FT ROAD
90ft Road will be developed as a multimodal green
boulevard, making this street a better organised
space, to enhance the possibility of social interaction
and economic development. It forms the connection
between Matunga station and the Bandra-Kurla
business district.
90 FT ROAD
1.
2.
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1. housing
2. commercial plinth
3. footpath with vending zone
4. green zone with underground nalah
5. slow traffic lane and load zone
6. fast traffic lane
7. cooling by water that evaporates
8. green infiltration zone
9. rainwater run-off
7.
8.
9.
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CREATE A CIRCULATING WATER NETWORK
The 90ft Road could be used to connect the two
nalahs into a continuous water structure, stretching
from the north-east to the western river bank. The
natural water supply of the Mithi river, running
through Dharavi, creates a circulating water flow
and avoids the current stagnant waterways.
Incoming water will be cleaned in the purification
plant.
EXISTING NALAH,
STAGNANT WATER
EXISTING NALAH,
EAST-SIDE
CONNECT DHARAVI TO NEW URBAN
DEVELOPMENT PLOTS
The upgrade of the 90ft Road can be
done within the existing street section,
equal to the upgrade of the 60ft Road.
The edge of the street marks the new
building line, along which gradually new
shops and residential buildings can be
developed.
The upgrade of the
60ft & 90ft Road
can be part of a
package, executed
by the government
to kickstart the
redevelopment of
Dharavi.
New buildings
90ft Road
New functions
Lightrail
Junction
Train
90ft Road
Built fabric
Park Garden
School yard
Public green
Sport
Water
GRADUAL
DEVELOPMENT WITH
ELEVATED ACCESS
Effects:
• More public space
• Beter access to Dharavi retail
• Dharavi better accessible from
neighbouring districts
• Less traffic jams, Less traffic
accidents
• Increase of potential clientele
• New possible junctions into Dharavi
Nagars communities mix
• Build at new nodes
• Home located workshop and office
• Higher density
• Better hygiene, less waste
• Cleaner water
EXISTING
SITUATION
EXISTING
SITUATION
STREETSTREET
UPGRADING
UPGRADE
GRUDUAL
DEVELOPMENT
GRADUAL
DEVELOPMENT
4. ESTABLISH A LOCAL STREET
NETWORK
LOCAL STREET NETWORK
Prioritizing the existing streets, and connecting the
dead-end streets into a hierarchic network improves
the accessibility of the nagars. Naming the streets
reinforces the identification of inhabitants with their
living environment. Moreover it enables the different
neighbourhoods to connect to the higher level
infrastructure in order to profit from it.
EXISTING: DISCONNECTED
STREETS AND ALLEYS
UPGRADE: CONNECT STREETS
AND CREATE HIERACHY
LOCAL STREET NETWORK
1. housing
2. commercial plinth
3. footpath with vending zone
4. green zone
5. traffic lane
6. rainwater run-off
7. cooling by water that evaporates
7.
1.
2.
3.
in
nd
ve
4.
e
on
gz
gr e
ne
zo
en
5.
6.
w
slo
ﬃ
tra
c
din
n
ve
e
on
gz
1. housing
2. commercial plinth
3. footpath with vendingzone
4. green zone
5. traffic lane
6. rainwater run-woff
7. cooling by water evaporating
7.
1.
2.
3.
4.
n
ve
5.
din
e
on
gz
6.
ne
zo
en
gre
w
slo
ﬃ
tra
c
din
n
ve
e
on
gz
INFILTRATING WATER NETWORK
Streets have infiltration zones to drain and
slow down rainwater run-off to the river. They
integrate an underground drainage network.
This system transports the grey water and
functions as storm water control in the
monsoon season. The system is connected
to the higher situated nalah structure and the
lower situated Mithi river. As such a constant
flow of fresh water is ensured.
GREY WATER
BLACK WATER
It’s important to disconnect
rainwater from the sewage
system.With little purification
this water can be used for
cleaning and irrigation.
BLUE WATER
CONNECTING LOCAL ECONOMIES AND COMMUNITIES
A new established network should mutually connect all nagars, and relink
‘inner’ Dharavi with the 90ft Road and 60ft Road. Government and stakeholders
collaborate to decide on the prioritisation of streets and how to connect them
through carefull demolition and reconstruction.
In return better accessible living environments arise, and new street crossing
nodes create interesting locations for businesses and retail development. The
ambition to relocate all current residents within their own neighbourhood
results in denser and more qualitative buildings along the streets.
Main street
Water system
Train
Built fabric
Park Garden
School yard
Public green
Sport
Water
New buildings
New functions
Junction
main streets
90ft Road
60ft Road
SELF SERVICE SCHEMES: TYPOLOGIES, WITH OPEN PLINTH, THAT
EXPAND OVER TIME ARE CHEAPER TO INITIATE
Effects:
• Nagars communities mix
• Self-organising plinth
• Better access to nagar retail
• Chance on nagar collaboration
• Better access to nagar markets
• Build at new nodes
• Home located workshop and office
• Higher density
• More public space
• More rent from housing
• Home businesses
• Food trading
• Better hygiene
• Buildings that can expand and grow
in time
• Seperation of clean and dirty water
EXISTING
SITUATION
EXISTING
SITUATION
STREETSTREET
UPGRADING
UPGRADE
GRUDUAL
DEVELOPMENT
GRADUAL
DEVELOPMENT
5. INDICATE SQUARES AS
NAGAR CENTERS
NAGAR SQUARES
Creating a central place for each nagar offers a
platform to reinforce their distinctive identity. They
can be situated at the border or center of the
community, and are connected to the street network.
Designed as flexible spaces, the squares provide a
solution to the current shortage of open space within
the communities.
EXISTING: DISCONNECTED
STREETS AND ALLEYS
UPGRADE: CONNECT STREETS
AND CREATE HIERACHY
INDICATE SQUARES AS NAGAR CENTERS
1.
2.
r
cto
do
ing
sh
ets
wa
toil
3.
b
pu
lic
ac
sp
e
4.
wa
ter
n
ss i
ba
5.
6.
b
pu
7.
lic
ac
sp
e
1. solar panels
2. social infrastructure:
education - health - sanitation
3. public space
4. collecting rainwater in basin
5. green water infiltration zone
6. washing place
7. public space
8. water well
9. market facility
10. playground
8.
9.
10.
SANITATION HUBS
The squares function as
black water.
separation mechanisms between blue, gray and
A central water basin temporarily captuers the grey water of the drainage
network, to slow down the rain water run-off to the river.
Through a purification zone within the water basin,
the water can be used for washing and cleaning.
public toilets are connected
to the sewage system.
a well provides potable water
for the neighbourhood.
CONCENTRATED NODES FOR FACILITIES & SERVICES
The squares facilitate main social needs, hosting neighbourhood facilities
and amenities, housed in a new community center. The commercial and
social program around the squares are closely related to the nature of each
individual nagar. The squares act as strong identity carriers and commercial
locations.
Demolition and reconstruction will be needed to create the required open
space. Therefore a close collaboration between inhabitants, stakeholders and
government should be set up, to locate and develop the squares. Relocation
of residents will happen within the neighbourhood.
Recycling in 13th Compound
Train
Built fabric
Park Garden
School yard
Public green
Sport
Water
New buildings
New buildings
Square
Demolition
Nagar center
Effects:
• More public space
• Better hygiene
• Fewer diseases
• More open plinths
• Sanitation
• Better education
• Growth of food
• Healthy workshop environment
• Stronger nagar identity
• More production capacity
• Safer place to play
• More collective events and
gatherings
• Function mix
The community must undergo an
operation to remove the garbage.
Garbage collection points are provided
on the squares, and connected to
the main streets. At night, the lightrail
line on the 60ft Road will
be used as a cargo train,
collecting all the garbage
and transporting it to the
13th Compound – where
everything gets recycled.
EXISTING
SITUATION
EXISTING
SITUATION
STREETSTREET
UPGRADING
UPGRADE
GRUDUAL
DEVELOPMENT
GRADUAL
DEVELOPMENT
6. REDEVELOPMENT OF THE NAGARS
PARTICIPATORY PROCESSES AND COLLABORATIONS
As illustrated in the previous steps, existing structures are
being used and upgraded where possible. But some of the
existing infrastructure (built and public space) is not able to
meet the standards, required by a normal neighbourhood.
Therefore, the internal built fabric should be upgraded on
block level, within the new framework of streets. This part
of the regeneration is based on participatory processes and
collaboration between different stakeholders.
We have to agree on the
ambition to not only upgrade
a slum but to make it a
respectible neighbourhood
where people can comfortably
live and work!
REDEVELOPMENT OF THE NAGARS
EXISTING SITUATION
DEVELOPMENT
6.1 PHASING
The public space framework consist of 6 sub-projects,
which can be read as steps. The first three steps are defined
projects, with a clear scope and time schedule. The last
three steps are ongoing processes. They all need another
approach as they have a very specific scope.
The process of the step 1,2,3 differs from step 4,5,6. The
projects (step 1,2,3) can be carried out with a compact
participatory process. Most of the interventions can be
realized within the existing street profiles, or on plots which
are already appointed for transformation. The number
of involved parties is limited, and the interests are clearly
defined.
The processes (step 4, 5, 6) require an extensive participatory
process. Different interests might conflict, and the number
of involved parties is difficult to control. Some buildings
will have to be demolished, people have to be temporarily
resettled, and decisions should be made on prioritization of
streets. Negotiations will be held according to the street-led
game.
PROCESSES
PROJECTS
1. TURN EXTERNAL FORCES INTO QUALITIES
implementation
plan-making process to enlarge Mithi river bed
plan-making
large scale
developments
implementation
construction
2. MAKE DHARAVI PART OF MUMBAI
PROJECTS
plan-making process
60 ft Road
implementation
3. CREATE AN URBAN BACKBONE
plan-making
process
implementation
construction
4. ESTABLISH A LOCAL STREE
plan-making process
implementation
construction
plan-making process
implementation
construction
plan-making process
implementation
construction
6. REDEVELOPMENT OF THE N
plan-making process
implementation
construction
2016
2015
PROCESSES
5. INDICATE SQUARES AS NAGAR CENTERS
construction
construction
plan-making process
implementation
construction
plan-making process
implementation
construction
plan-making process
implementation
construction
plan-making process
implementation
construction
2020
plan-making process
implementation
construction
2018
2017
NAGARS
plan-making process
implementation
construction
2025
T NETWORK
6.2 PROJECT MANAGEMENT OFFICE
A project management office (PMO) will be opened in
Dharavi. This is where all the involved parties will come
together to make plans, to dicuss and negotiate.
The project management office brings together all
stakeholders:
government,
inhabitants
of
Dharavi,
entrepreneurs of Dharavi, developers and investors.
The aim is to fill the gap between the different parties
that has emerged in recent years and turn the opposite
interests into common ambitions. The office is an openhouse. It is the place where the meetings, as part of the
participatory processes within the different phases, take
place. It is accessible for all inhabitants and entrepreneurs
to get updated about ongoing projects and plans. It offers
a platform for commenting, protest or support. People can
apply for a micro credit to upgrade their businesses or
renovate their houses.
The project management office will be located along the
new backbone of Dharavi, at 90ft Road.
Responsibilities for the projects:
• Managing the projects
• Leading the projects
• Bringing together all involved
parties and expertise
• Updating the multi-stakeholder
institute
• Managing the financing
• Implementation of the project
• Regulation and legalization
• Relocation
Other responsibilities of the PMO:
• PR of the project
• Communication with inhabitants
• Communication with external
parties
• Update website + social media MIS
(Management Information System)
about the project and make all
information accessible
DHARAVI INHABITANTS
PROJECT
MANAGEMENT
OFFICE
STREET-LED GAME
GOVERNMENT
DEVELOPER
Colofon;
Felixx landscape architect & planners:
Deborah Lambert, Michiel Van Driessche, Marnix Vink, Carlijn Klomp, Willemijn van
Manen, Laura Spenkelink, Steven Broekhof, Paul van Kerkoerle
Studio OXL:
Wouter Oostendorp, Joop Steenkamp
IHS International Institute of Urban Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam:
Maartje van Eerd, Somesh sharma
NASVI:
Arbind Singh

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