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2013 ud¾;+ 21 Èke;s bx.%Sis msgm;g wkqrEmj fuu jHd'o'm' mßj¾;kh lrk ,§'
jHdmD;s o;a; m;%sld
lsishï jHdmD;shla fyda jevigykla ms<sn| ixlaIsma; f;dr;=re jHdmD;s o;a; m;%sldj, ^jHd'o'm'& we;=<;a
fõ' Bg fya;=j kï" jHd'o'm' hkq iïmQ¾K flfrñka mj;sk m;%sld neúka tajdfha wdrïNl msgmf;a we;eï
f;dr;=re wka;¾.; fkdùug bv we;s w;r tu f;dr;=re ,enqKq miq wka;¾ .; lrkq ,efí' fhdað;
jHdmD;s iïnkaO f;dr;=re fjkiaùfï bvla we;s w;r iQpk o;a; jYfhka muKla mj;S'
jHd'o'm' ks¾udKh l< Èkh
–
jHd'o'm' hdj;a ld,Sk l< Èkh
2013 ud¾;= 5
jHdmD;sfha ku
uy fld<U c, iy wmú;% c, l<uKdlrK kxjd,Sfï
wdfhdack jevigyk
rg
Y%S ,xldj
jHdmD;sh$jevigyka
$jevigyka wxlh
45148-004
;;a;ajh
wkqu; lrk ,§
N+f.da,Sh msysgSu
–
lsishï rgl jevigykla fyda uQf,damhla ie,iqï lsÍfï §" lsishï jHdmD;shla i|yd uqo,a ,nd §fï § fyda
lsishï ksñ;slrKhl §" fyda fuu f,aLkfha i|yka jk úfYaIs; N+ñhl § fyda N+f.da,Sh m%foaYhl §" ffk;sl
moaO;shg fyda fjk;a ;;a;ajhlg wkql+, jk whqßka lsishï N+ñhla fyda m%foaYhla iïnkaOfhka hï ;SrKj,g
t<eöug wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j fuys§ wfmalaId fkdlrhs'
lafIa;%h iy$fyda WmwxYh
j¾.SlrKh
nyq wdxYsl $ nyq wdxYsl
f;aud;aul j¾.SlrKh
Odß;d ixj¾Okh
mdßißl ;sridrNdjh
md,kh
iudÔh ixj¾Okh
ia;%s mqreI idOdrK;ajh
È<sÿnj ySk lsÍu iy iuia; j¾Okh
ia;%S$mqreINdj uqLHOdrdlrK
wxY
M,odhSj ia;%S mqreI iu;djh m%jdy .; lsÍu
wruqo,a iemhSu
wdldrh$wdOdrh isÿ
flfrk wdldrh
Kh uqo,a
Kh uqo,a
wkque;s
wxlh
0072
0072
–
tl;=j
–
wruqo,a iemhS
iemhSfï uQ,dxY%h
wdishdkq ixj¾Ok wruqo,
idudkH m%d.aOk iïm;a
m%;srEm wruqo,a
wkqu; uqo, ^oyia&
32,000
268,000
100,000
we'fvd' 400,000
400 000
mdßißl iy iudc .eg¨ ms<sn| idrdxYh
mdßißl wxY
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iafõÉPd fkdjk m%;sjdikh
–
wdÈjdiS ck;dj
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md¾Yajlrejka iuÕ ikaksfõokh" iyNd.S;ajh iy iuQmfoaYh
jHdmD;sh ie,iqï lrk ld,h w;r;=r
–
jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lrk ld,h w;r;=r
–
úia;rh
c, iemhqï fiajd
fld<U k.rh ;=, 95% la muK k< c,h iemhqï u.ska wdjrKh ù we;' fldfia jqjo c,
iemhqï mSvdj wvq ùu iy Wia my;a ùuo" läka lv c, iemhquo" idudkH ;;a;ajh njg
m;a ù we;' k.rfha iuyr m%foaYj,g c,h ,efnkafka c, Ndú;h wvq ^WÉp fkdjk&
ld,h ;=, muKla jk w;r wfkla m%foaY j,g idudkHfhka meh 6;a 10;a w;r ld,hlg
c,h ,efí' 2011 j¾Ifha§ fld<U k.rhg Èklg imhk ,o >k óg¾ 290"000l c,
m%udKfhka wvla wdodhï Wmhd ke;' fld<U k.rh ;=, wdodhï rys; c,h 49% la lrd
<xù we;' fuhg 33% l fN!;sl w,dNhlao 5% l jdKsc w,dNhlao wvq wdodhï iy wúÈu;a
ckdjdij,g fkdñ,fha imhk ,o 11% l c, m%udKhlao we;=,;a fõ' fld<U k.rfha c,
iemhqu fnod yeÍfï cd,fha ls'ó' 700la muK wjqreÿ 50lg jvd merKs fõ' ueo fld<U
k.rfha c,k< wjqreÿ 100lg jvd merKsh' ld,hla ;siafia c, k< j, ;;a;ajh nrm;,
f,i my; jeàu ksid fnod yeÍfï cd,fha Odß;djh ie,lsh hq;= f,i wvq ù we;'
Ys,amSh Odß;djh" wruqo,a" WmlrK iy wdh;ksl Odß;djh ys`.ùu ksid cd;sl c, iemhqï
yd c,dmjdyk uKav,hg m%udKj;a f,i fuu .eg`: wduka;%Kh lsÍug yels ù fkdue;'
jeäfjñka mj;sk b,a¨ug iß,k f,i c,h iemhSugo c,h iy wdodhu ±ä f,i wysñ
ùu wju lr .ekSugo yels ù fkdue;' cd;sl c, iemhqï yd c,dmjdyk uKav,hg jeä
c, m%udKhla ,nd §u c, iemhqï fiajdjkaf.a uÜgu kxjd,Su" m%d.aOk wdfhdackh
M,odhS;dj iy ld¾hCIu;dj wvq lr .ekSu iy jeä wdodhula Wmhd .ekSu hk lreKq
ioyd iqÿiq M,odhS Wml%uhla f.da,Sh jYfhka wkq.ukh lrk hym;a l%shdldrlï ;=,ska
,nd .; yelsh'
wmú;% c, há;, myiqlï iy fiajdjka
2010 j¾Ifha§ uy fld<U k.rfhka k< c,dmjdyk moaO;shg iïnkaO lr ;snqfKa 19% la
muKs' 66% lg ia:dk.; myiqlï ;sìKs' 15%lg muK ikSmdrCIl myiqlï fkd;sìKs'
ikSmdrCIl myiqlï fkdue;s ck;dj ;u wmú;% c,h uqyqÿ fjr<g" we< ud¾.hkag
fjk;a c, ud¾. j,g iy újD; m%foaY j,g neyer lrkq ,nhs' 1906 iy 1920 j¾Ihka
w;r bÈlr we;s uy fld<U ±kg mj;sk c,dmjdyk cd,hg ls'ó' 320l muK li, ldKQ
o W;=re iy ol=Kq c, Odrl m%foaY foll bÈ lr we;s c, fmdïm ia:dk 18la o uqyqÿ
fudahlg 2lao we;=,;a fõ' jgd msgd m%foaY wmsßisÿ wmú;% c,fhka hg lrñka fuu li,
ldKq ks;r ks;r ì`o jeàï iy wjysr;dj,g ,la fõ' c,h fmdïm lsÍfï myiqlï j,ska
1/3 la wl%Shj mj;S' fï ksid Èh mdr lrd c,h msgdr .,hs' ±kg l%shd;aul jk uy fld<U
c,dmjdyk l<ukdlrK jHdmD;sh hgf;a fuu W!k;dj,ska lsysmhla wduka;%Kh lr
we;' c,dmjdyk ioyd fhdað; wdfhdackhka úYd, jYfhka l%shd;aul fkdjk ;;a;ajfha
^wl%Shj& mj;S' c,dmjdyk moaO;sfha nrm;< l%shdldÍ yd l<ukdlrK .eg`: .Kkdjla
mj;Ss' fiajd imhk fld<U uy k.r iNdj wdfhdack wruqo,a" l<ukdlrK Odß;dj iy
c,dmjdyk nÿ uqo,a W!k;jhlska fmf<hs' fhdað; wdfhdackh u.ska wdjrKh jk m%foaY
m<,a fjhs' msßisÿ lsÍfï iïu;hka kxjd,kq ,nhs' tfukau fiajdfjys ;sridr Ndjh
iy;sl flfrhs'
wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ È.=ld,Sk m%;sm;a;s iydh iy c, iy ikSmdrCIl fiajd ,nd
§u
c,h iy ikSmdrCId wxYh ;=, wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ Wml%uh jkqfha fiajd uÜgu
iy wdjrKh kxjd,Su iy uQ,H YlH;djh m%.=K lsÍu fõ' c, iemhqu iy ikSmdrCIdj
wxYh ;=, wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j m%uqL fmf,a ixj¾Ok yjq,alrefjla fõ' 1986 j¾Ifha
mgka nexl=j úiska fuu wxYhg ,nd § we;s Kh m%udKh weußldkq fvd,¾ ñ,shk 521la
muK fõ' ±kg wdrïN lr we;s W.;a mdvï ms<sno m%;sm;a;suh ixjdoh ;jÿrg;a l%shd;aul
jkq we;' tu.ska (i) c,h wxYh ;=, wdh;ksl m%;sixúOdk iy úuOH.; lsÍu (ii)
c,iïmdok yd c,d m%jdyk uKAv,fha uQ,Huh ;sridr nj (iii) c,dmjdyk fiajd
l<ukdlrKh ioyd fld<U k.riNdfõ Odß;djh f.dvkexùu (iv) c, iïmdok yd
c,dmjdyk fiajd iemhSu ioyd fm!oa.,sl yd rdcH yjq,a iïnkaO;djh (v) c,dmjdyk
fiajdj, ;sridrnj wruqKq lr .kq ,nhs'
Y%S ,xld wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= yjq,aldr Wml%uh ;=, m%uqL wxYh f,i yÿkdf.k we;s
c, iïmdokh yd wfkl=;a k.riNd há;, myiqlï iy fiajd wxYh yd fhdað;
jevigyk yd .e,fma' Y%S ,xldj ioyd ms<sfh, lr we;s l%shdldÍ jHdmD;s ie,eiau fuys
nyq fldgia uQ,H myiqlï hgf;a fuu jevigyk ioyd m<uqjk fldgia we;=,;a fldg
we;'
jHdmD;s idOdrKSlrKh
we;s iïnkaO;djh
iy
foaYSh
$
l,dmSh
Wml%uhg
c, iïmdokh iy c,dmjdyk l<ukdlrK fiajdjkays fiajd uÜgu my< neiSu yd há;,
myiqlï W!k;djhka" wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh" mdßißl l<ukdlrKh iy uy fld<U Ôjk
;;a;ajh flfrys ±ä wys;lr n,mEï we;s lrhs' tfukau ia:djr wd¾Ól j¾Okh iy
fld<U w. k.rh iy wjg m%foaY kùlrKh lsÍu ioyd f.k hkq ,nk Y%S ,xld rcfha
ixj¾Ok rduqjg wjysr;d we;s ùfï ;¾ckhla u;= fõ' c, yd c,dmjdyk fiajdjka jeä
ÈhqKq lsÍu yryd uy fld<U ;=, we;s j¾Ok úNj;djh fhdað; wdfhdack jevigyk
u.ska uqod yßkq we;' fN!;sl jev lghq;= fukau wdh;ksl l<ukdlrKh m%.=K lsÍu
jevigykg we;=,;a fõ'
rcfha wdxYsl Wml%uh yd jevigyk
2020 j¾Ih jk úg Y%S ,xldfõ k< c, fiajdj 37% isg 60% olajdo c,k< wdY%s;
c,dmjdykh 2.5% isg 7% olajdo jeä lsÍu c, yd c,dmjdyk fiajd ms<sno rcfha
Wml%uhg we;=,;a fõ' fuu b,lalh lrd <xùug fld<U k.rh ;=< 100% l c,k<
iïnkaO;djhla iys;j meh 24 mqrdu c, iemhquo fld<U k.rh ;=< 100% l fmdÿ
c,dmjdyk iïnkaO;djhlao uy fld<U m%foaYh ;=< 100% l ikSmdrCIl myiqlïo
;yjqre l< hq;= fõ' k.rh mqrd wdodhï fkdbmojk c,h wvq lÍu" c, iemhqï fiajd
uÜgu by<g kexùu" c, iemhqu jeä lsÍu iy wd¾Òl jYfhka ms<s.; yels uÜgulg
wdodhï wysñùu wvq lsÍu ioyd cd;sl c, iïmdok yd c,dmjdyk uKav,h l%shd;aul jkq
we;'
merKs c,k, mqkre;a:dmkh lsrSug yd m%;sia:dmkh lsÍug wdfhdackh lsÍu w;HdjYHh'
±kg fkdñ,fha c,h ,nd fok l,dmj, wju c, noaola l%shd;aul lsÍu jevigykg
we;=,;a lr ;sfí' óg wu;rj l<uKdlrK lghq;=j, ld¾hCIu;djh jeä lsÍu ioyd
j.ùu iy idkqn, we;s lsÍug;a" ;dCIK" uQ,Huh" mdßfNda.sl fiajd l<ukdlrKh
Yla;su;a lsÍug;a ±ä wjYH;djhlaj mj;S'
fï ksid c, iïmdok yd c,d mjdyk uKav,h hgf;a ksoyia" iajdëk mßyrKh we;s
lsÍu .ek fidhd n,kq ,efí' c,dmjdyk c,h iy wmú;% c,h msßisÿ lsÍfï hka;%d.dr
we;=`: há;, myiqlï mq`:,a lsÍug;a fiajd uÜgu by< kexùu ioyd Odß;djh Yla;su;a
lsÍug;a fld<U k.rh ;=, ;sridr c,dmjdyk fiajd ,nd §ug;a wdfhdack jev igykla
fld<U k.riNdj úiska l%shd;aul lrkq we;' uy fld<U m%foaYh ;=, c,d mjdyk lghq;=
id¾:lj l%shd;aul lsÍu ioyd c,dmjdyk noaola yÿkajd §ug wjYHj ;sfí' fld<U
k.riNdj yd cd;sl c, iïmdok yd c,d mjdyk uKav,h w;r yjq,a l<ukdlrK jev
ms<sfj,la we;s lsÍu ms<snoj fidhd n,kq we;' iuia; jYfhka fuu jevigyk Y%S ,xldfõ
wfkl=;a k.r;=, fN!;sl fukau fN!;sl fkdjk wx. wkqj l%shd;aul l< yels kshuq
jHdmD;shla jkq we;'
ixj¾Ok jevigyfka wfmalaIs; n,mEu
uyfld<U k.rfha mÈxÑlrejkaf.a Ôjk ;;a;ajh iy kd.ßl mßirh ÈhqKq lsrSu'
jHdmD;sfha m%;sM,h
m%;sM,h ms<sn| úia;rh
m%;sM,fha Wkak;sh
uy fld<U k.rh ;=, c, iïmdokh" c,d –
m%jdyk fiajdj iy l<ukdlrKh kexùu
m%;sM, iy l%shd;aul lsÍfï m%.;sh
jHdmD;sfha m%;sM, ms<sn| úia;rh
ls%hd;aul lsrSfï m%.;sh
^ksujqï" ls%hdldrlï iy .eg¿&
1' fld<U k.rh ;=, c, iïmdok ;;a;ajh
mqkre;a;dmkh lsÍu yd mq`:,a ùu iy wdodhï
kQmÈk c, fiajdj wvq lsÍu 2' uy fld<U
m%foaYh ;=, c,dmjdyk fiajdj jeä ÈhqKq
lsÍu 3' c, iïmdok yd c,d mjdyk fiajdfõ
Odß;djh yd wdh;k m%;s ixúOdkh lsÍu 4'
jHdmD;s l<ukdlrKh wdh;k.; lsÍu
–
ixj¾Ok wNsu;d¾:j, ;;a;ajh
jdia;úl fjkialï
–
–
jHdmdßl wjia:d
m<uqjrg ,hsia;=.; l< Èkh
–
WmfoaYk fiajd
–
m%;siïmdokh
–
m%;siïmdok iy WmfoaYk igyka
–
ld, igyk
ixl,am ksIaldYkh
2012 cqks 28
f;dr;=ree-fiùu
2012 cq,s 16 isg 2012 cq,s 27 olajd
l<ukdlrK iudf,dapk
/iaùu
2012 wf.daia;= 15
wkque;sh
2012 Tlaf;dïn¾ 25
wjika jrg isÿ flreKq iudf,dapk
fufyhqu
–
jeo.;a ixêia:dk
wkque;s
wxlh
–
Èkh
wkque;sh
–
w;aika
lsÍu
–
M,odhs;ajh
uq,a iajrEmh
–
–
wjidkh
iudf,daÑ;
–
;:H
–
Wmfhda.S;dj
wkque;s wxlh
iuq
iuqõÑ;
Ñ; fldka;%d;a;= m%odkh
iuqõÑ; f.ùï
wd'ix'ne'
^weußldkq
fvd,¾ oyia &
fjk;a
^weußldkq
fvd,¾ oyia &
o< m%;sY;h
iïuq;Skaf.a ;;a;ajh
my; oelafjk j¾.SlrKhka hgf;a iïuq;s fnod fjka fldg we;' - ú.Kkh flreKq .sKqï"
iq/ls;d" iudc" wxYh" uQ,H" wd¾Ól iy fjk;a' my; oelafjk ks¾Kdhlhka Ndú; fhdod
.ksñka j¾.SlrKhkag wkql+, f,i iïuq;s wkqrEm;d o¾Yl.; flf¾' (i) ;Dma;su;a - wod<
j¾.SlrKfha ish¨ iïuq;s tl jHd;sf¾lhla muKla yer wkqrEm ùu' (ii) md¾Yaúl f,i
;Dma;su;a - Wmßu jYfhka iïuq;s folla muKla wkqrEm fkdjk wjia:dj' (iii) w;Dma;su;a j¾.SlrKhg wh;a iïuq;Ska ;=kla fyda Bg jeä ixLHdjla wkqrEm fkdjk wjia:dj' 2011
uyck ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh wkqj jHdmD;s uQ,H m%ldYk i|yd iïuq;s wkqrEm ùfï YS>%;d
o¾Yl 2012 wfma%,a ui 02 jeks Èfkka miq tlÕ ùfï idlÉPd i|yd werhqï we;s jHdmD;s i|yd
muKla j,x.= fõ'
wkque;s
e;s
wxlh
wxYh
lafIa;%h
0072
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iudc
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wd¾:s
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m%ldYk
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iïnkaO;d
;d iy hdj;ald,Sk úia;r
j.úh hq;= wd'ix'ne' ks,Odßhd
ñka .=hka *Eka¾
j.úh hq;= wd'ix'ne'
fomd¾;fïka;=j
ol=Kq wdishd fomd¾;fïka;=j
j.úh hq;= wd'ix'ne' wxYh
kd.ßl ixj¾Ok iy c, wxYh
l%shd;aul lrk ksfhdað;dh;k m<d;a md,k yd m,d;a iNd wud;HdxYh
c, iïmdok yd c,dmjdyk wud;HdxYh
wEÿï
jHdmD;s fjí wfvúh
http://www.adb.org/projects/45148-004/main
jHdmD;s f,aLk ,ehsia;=j
http://www.adb.org/projects/45148-004/documents

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