2013 ud¾;+ 21 Èke;s bx.%Sis msgm;g wkqrEmj fuu jHd'o'm' mßj¾;kh lrk ,§' jHdmD;s o;a; m;%sld lsishï jHdmD;shla fyda jevigykla ms<sn| ixlaIsma; f;dr;=re jHdmD;s o;a; m;%sldj, ^jHd'o'm'& we;=<;a fõ' Bg fya;=j kï" jHd'o'm' hkq iïmQ¾K flfrñka mj;sk m;%sld neúka tajdfha wdrïNl msgmf;a we;eï f;dr;=re wka;¾.; fkdùug bv we;s w;r tu f;dr;=re ,enqKq miq wka;¾ .; lrkq ,efí' fhdað; jHdmD;s iïnkaO f;dr;=re fjkiaùfï bvla we;s w;r iQpk o;a; jYfhka muKla mj;S' jHd'o'm' ks¾udKh l< Èkh – jHd'o'm' hdj;a ld,Sk l< Èkh 2013 ud¾;= 5 jHdmD;sfha ku uy fld<U c, iy wmú;% c, l<uKdlrK kxjd,Sfï wdfhdack jevigyk rg Y%S ,xldj jHdmD;sh$jevigyka $jevigyka wxlh 45148-004 ;;a;ajh wkqu; lrk ,§ N+f.da,Sh msysgSu – lsishï rgl jevigykla fyda uQf,damhla ie,iqï lsÍfï §" lsishï jHdmD;shla i|yd uqo,a ,nd §fï § fyda lsishï ksñ;slrKhl §" fyda fuu f,aLkfha i|yka jk úfYaIs; N+ñhl § fyda N+f.da,Sh m%foaYhl §" ffk;sl moaO;shg fyda fjk;a ;;a;ajhlg wkql+, jk whqßka lsishï N+ñhla fyda m%foaYhla iïnkaOfhka hï ;SrKj,g t<eöug wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j fuys§ wfmalaId fkdlrhs' lafIa;%h iy$fyda WmwxYh j¾.SlrKh nyq wdxYsl $ nyq wdxYsl f;aud;aul j¾.SlrKh Odß;d ixj¾Okh mdßißl ;sridrNdjh md,kh iudÔh ixj¾Okh ia;%s mqreI idOdrK;ajh È<sÿnj ySk lsÍu iy iuia; j¾Okh ia;%S$mqreINdj uqLHOdrdlrK wxY M,odhSj ia;%S mqreI iu;djh m%jdy .; lsÍu wruqo,a iemhSu wdldrh$wdOdrh isÿ flfrk wdldrh Kh uqo,a Kh uqo,a wkque;s wxlh 0072 0072 – tl;=j – wruqo,a iemhS iemhSfï uQ,dxY%h wdishdkq ixj¾Ok wruqo, idudkH m%d.aOk iïm;a m%;srEm wruqo,a wkqu; uqo, ^oyia& 32,000 268,000 100,000 we'fvd' 400,000 400 000 mdßißl iy iudc .eg¨ ms<sn| idrdxYh mdßißl wxY – iafõÉPd fkdjk m%;sjdikh – wdÈjdiS ck;dj – md¾Yajlrejka iuÕ ikaksfõokh" iyNd.S;ajh iy iuQmfoaYh jHdmD;sh ie,iqï lrk ld,h w;r;=r – jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lrk ld,h w;r;=r – úia;rh c, iemhqï fiajd fld<U k.rh ;=, 95% la muK k< c,h iemhqï u.ska wdjrKh ù we;' fldfia jqjo c, iemhqï mSvdj wvq ùu iy Wia my;a ùuo" läka lv c, iemhquo" idudkH ;;a;ajh njg m;a ù we;' k.rfha iuyr m%foaYj,g c,h ,efnkafka c, Ndú;h wvq ^WÉp fkdjk& ld,h ;=, muKla jk w;r wfkla m%foaY j,g idudkHfhka meh 6;a 10;a w;r ld,hlg c,h ,efí' 2011 j¾Ifha§ fld<U k.rhg Èklg imhk ,o >k óg¾ 290"000l c, m%udKfhka wvla wdodhï Wmhd ke;' fld<U k.rh ;=, wdodhï rys; c,h 49% la lrd <xù we;' fuhg 33% l fN!;sl w,dNhlao 5% l jdKsc w,dNhlao wvq wdodhï iy wúÈu;a ckdjdij,g fkdñ,fha imhk ,o 11% l c, m%udKhlao we;=,;a fõ' fld<U k.rfha c, iemhqu fnod yeÍfï cd,fha ls'ó' 700la muK wjqreÿ 50lg jvd merKs fõ' ueo fld<U k.rfha c,k< wjqreÿ 100lg jvd merKsh' ld,hla ;siafia c, k< j, ;;a;ajh nrm;, f,i my; jeàu ksid fnod yeÍfï cd,fha Odß;djh ie,lsh hq;= f,i wvq ù we;' Ys,amSh Odß;djh" wruqo,a" WmlrK iy wdh;ksl Odß;djh ys`.ùu ksid cd;sl c, iemhqï yd c,dmjdyk uKav,hg m%udKj;a f,i fuu .eg`: wduka;%Kh lsÍug yels ù fkdue;' jeäfjñka mj;sk b,a¨ug iß,k f,i c,h iemhSugo c,h iy wdodhu ±ä f,i wysñ ùu wju lr .ekSugo yels ù fkdue;' cd;sl c, iemhqï yd c,dmjdyk uKav,hg jeä c, m%udKhla ,nd §u c, iemhqï fiajdjkaf.a uÜgu kxjd,Su" m%d.aOk wdfhdackh M,odhS;dj iy ld¾hCIu;dj wvq lr .ekSu iy jeä wdodhula Wmhd .ekSu hk lreKq ioyd iqÿiq M,odhS Wml%uhla f.da,Sh jYfhka wkq.ukh lrk hym;a l%shdldrlï ;=,ska ,nd .; yelsh' wmú;% c, há;, myiqlï iy fiajdjka 2010 j¾Ifha§ uy fld<U k.rfhka k< c,dmjdyk moaO;shg iïnkaO lr ;snqfKa 19% la muKs' 66% lg ia:dk.; myiqlï ;sìKs' 15%lg muK ikSmdrCIl myiqlï fkd;sìKs' ikSmdrCIl myiqlï fkdue;s ck;dj ;u wmú;% c,h uqyqÿ fjr<g" we< ud¾.hkag fjk;a c, ud¾. j,g iy újD; m%foaY j,g neyer lrkq ,nhs' 1906 iy 1920 j¾Ihka w;r bÈlr we;s uy fld<U ±kg mj;sk c,dmjdyk cd,hg ls'ó' 320l muK li, ldKQ o W;=re iy ol=Kq c, Odrl m%foaY foll bÈ lr we;s c, fmdïm ia:dk 18la o uqyqÿ fudahlg 2lao we;=,;a fõ' jgd msgd m%foaY wmsßisÿ wmú;% c,fhka hg lrñka fuu li, ldKq ks;r ks;r ì`o jeàï iy wjysr;dj,g ,la fõ' c,h fmdïm lsÍfï myiqlï j,ska 1/3 la wl%Shj mj;S' fï ksid Èh mdr lrd c,h msgdr .,hs' ±kg l%shd;aul jk uy fld<U c,dmjdyk l<ukdlrK jHdmD;sh hgf;a fuu W!k;dj,ska lsysmhla wduka;%Kh lr we;' c,dmjdyk ioyd fhdað; wdfhdackhka úYd, jYfhka l%shd;aul fkdjk ;;a;ajfha ^wl%Shj& mj;S' c,dmjdyk moaO;sfha nrm;< l%shdldÍ yd l<ukdlrK .eg`: .Kkdjla mj;Ss' fiajd imhk fld<U uy k.r iNdj wdfhdack wruqo,a" l<ukdlrK Odß;dj iy c,dmjdyk nÿ uqo,a W!k;jhlska fmf<hs' fhdað; wdfhdackh u.ska wdjrKh jk m%foaY m<,a fjhs' msßisÿ lsÍfï iïu;hka kxjd,kq ,nhs' tfukau fiajdfjys ;sridr Ndjh iy;sl flfrhs' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ È.=ld,Sk m%;sm;a;s iydh iy c, iy ikSmdrCIl fiajd ,nd §u c,h iy ikSmdrCId wxYh ;=, wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ Wml%uh jkqfha fiajd uÜgu iy wdjrKh kxjd,Su iy uQ,H YlH;djh m%.=K lsÍu fõ' c, iemhqu iy ikSmdrCIdj wxYh ;=, wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j m%uqL fmf,a ixj¾Ok yjq,alrefjla fõ' 1986 j¾Ifha mgka nexl=j úiska fuu wxYhg ,nd § we;s Kh m%udKh weußldkq fvd,¾ ñ,shk 521la muK fõ' ±kg wdrïN lr we;s W.;a mdvï ms<sno m%;sm;a;suh ixjdoh ;jÿrg;a l%shd;aul jkq we;' tu.ska (i) c,h wxYh ;=, wdh;ksl m%;sixúOdk iy úuOH.; lsÍu (ii) c,iïmdok yd c,d m%jdyk uKAv,fha uQ,Huh ;sridr nj (iii) c,dmjdyk fiajd l<ukdlrKh ioyd fld<U k.riNdfõ Odß;djh f.dvkexùu (iv) c, iïmdok yd c,dmjdyk fiajd iemhSu ioyd fm!oa.,sl yd rdcH yjq,a iïnkaO;djh (v) c,dmjdyk fiajdj, ;sridrnj wruqKq lr .kq ,nhs' Y%S ,xld wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= yjq,aldr Wml%uh ;=, m%uqL wxYh f,i yÿkdf.k we;s c, iïmdokh yd wfkl=;a k.riNd há;, myiqlï iy fiajd wxYh yd fhdað; jevigyk yd .e,fma' Y%S ,xldj ioyd ms<sfh, lr we;s l%shdldÍ jHdmD;s ie,eiau fuys nyq fldgia uQ,H myiqlï hgf;a fuu jevigyk ioyd m<uqjk fldgia we;=,;a fldg we;' jHdmD;s idOdrKSlrKh we;s iïnkaO;djh iy foaYSh $ l,dmSh Wml%uhg c, iïmdokh iy c,dmjdyk l<ukdlrK fiajdjkays fiajd uÜgu my< neiSu yd há;, myiqlï W!k;djhka" wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh" mdßißl l<ukdlrKh iy uy fld<U Ôjk ;;a;ajh flfrys ±ä wys;lr n,mEï we;s lrhs' tfukau ia:djr wd¾Ól j¾Okh iy fld<U w. k.rh iy wjg m%foaY kùlrKh lsÍu ioyd f.k hkq ,nk Y%S ,xld rcfha ixj¾Ok rduqjg wjysr;d we;s ùfï ;¾ckhla u;= fõ' c, yd c,dmjdyk fiajdjka jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu yryd uy fld<U ;=, we;s j¾Ok úNj;djh fhdað; wdfhdack jevigyk u.ska uqod yßkq we;' fN!;sl jev lghq;= fukau wdh;ksl l<ukdlrKh m%.=K lsÍu jevigykg we;=,;a fõ' rcfha wdxYsl Wml%uh yd jevigyk 2020 j¾Ih jk úg Y%S ,xldfõ k< c, fiajdj 37% isg 60% olajdo c,k< wdY%s; c,dmjdykh 2.5% isg 7% olajdo jeä lsÍu c, yd c,dmjdyk fiajd ms<sno rcfha Wml%uhg we;=,;a fõ' fuu b,lalh lrd <xùug fld<U k.rh ;=< 100% l c,k< iïnkaO;djhla iys;j meh 24 mqrdu c, iemhquo fld<U k.rh ;=< 100% l fmdÿ c,dmjdyk iïnkaO;djhlao uy fld<U m%foaYh ;=< 100% l ikSmdrCIl myiqlïo ;yjqre l< hq;= fõ' k.rh mqrd wdodhï fkdbmojk c,h wvq lÍu" c, iemhqï fiajd uÜgu by<g kexùu" c, iemhqu jeä lsÍu iy wd¾Òl jYfhka ms<s.; yels uÜgulg wdodhï wysñùu wvq lsÍu ioyd cd;sl c, iïmdok yd c,dmjdyk uKav,h l%shd;aul jkq we;' merKs c,k, mqkre;a:dmkh lsrSug yd m%;sia:dmkh lsÍug wdfhdackh lsÍu w;HdjYHh' ±kg fkdñ,fha c,h ,nd fok l,dmj, wju c, noaola l%shd;aul lsÍu jevigykg we;=,;a lr ;sfí' óg wu;rj l<uKdlrK lghq;=j, ld¾hCIu;djh jeä lsÍu ioyd j.ùu iy idkqn, we;s lsÍug;a" ;dCIK" uQ,Huh" mdßfNda.sl fiajd l<ukdlrKh Yla;su;a lsÍug;a ±ä wjYH;djhlaj mj;S' fï ksid c, iïmdok yd c,d mjdyk uKav,h hgf;a ksoyia" iajdëk mßyrKh we;s lsÍu .ek fidhd n,kq ,efí' c,dmjdyk c,h iy wmú;% c,h msßisÿ lsÍfï hka;%d.dr we;=`: há;, myiqlï mq`:,a lsÍug;a fiajd uÜgu by< kexùu ioyd Odß;djh Yla;su;a lsÍug;a fld<U k.rh ;=, ;sridr c,dmjdyk fiajd ,nd §ug;a wdfhdack jev igykla fld<U k.riNdj úiska l%shd;aul lrkq we;' uy fld<U m%foaYh ;=, c,d mjdyk lghq;= id¾:lj l%shd;aul lsÍu ioyd c,dmjdyk noaola yÿkajd §ug wjYHj ;sfí' fld<U k.riNdj yd cd;sl c, iïmdok yd c,d mjdyk uKav,h w;r yjq,a l<ukdlrK jev ms<sfj,la we;s lsÍu ms<snoj fidhd n,kq we;' iuia; jYfhka fuu jevigyk Y%S ,xldfõ wfkl=;a k.r;=, fN!;sl fukau fN!;sl fkdjk wx. wkqj l%shd;aul l< yels kshuq jHdmD;shla jkq we;' ixj¾Ok jevigyfka wfmalaIs; n,mEu uyfld<U k.rfha mÈxÑlrejkaf.a Ôjk ;;a;ajh iy kd.ßl mßirh ÈhqKq lsrSu' jHdmD;sfha m%;sM,h m%;sM,h ms<sn| úia;rh m%;sM,fha Wkak;sh uy fld<U k.rh ;=, c, iïmdokh" c,d – m%jdyk fiajdj iy l<ukdlrKh kexùu m%;sM, iy l%shd;aul lsÍfï m%.;sh jHdmD;sfha m%;sM, ms<sn| úia;rh ls%hd;aul lsrSfï m%.;sh ^ksujqï" ls%hdldrlï iy .eg¿& 1' fld<U k.rh ;=, c, iïmdok ;;a;ajh mqkre;a;dmkh lsÍu yd mq`:,a ùu iy wdodhï kQmÈk c, fiajdj wvq lsÍu 2' uy fld<U m%foaYh ;=, c,dmjdyk fiajdj jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu 3' c, iïmdok yd c,d mjdyk fiajdfõ Odß;djh yd wdh;k m%;s ixúOdkh lsÍu 4' jHdmD;s l<ukdlrKh wdh;k.; lsÍu – ixj¾Ok wNsu;d¾:j, ;;a;ajh jdia;úl fjkialï – – jHdmdßl wjia:d m<uqjrg ,hsia;=.; l< Èkh – WmfoaYk fiajd – m%;siïmdokh – m%;siïmdok iy WmfoaYk igyka – ld, igyk ixl,am ksIaldYkh 2012 cqks 28 f;dr;=ree-fiùu 2012 cq,s 16 isg 2012 cq,s 27 olajd l<ukdlrK iudf,dapk /iaùu 2012 wf.daia;= 15 wkque;sh 2012 Tlaf;dïn¾ 25 wjika jrg isÿ flreKq iudf,dapk fufyhqu – jeo.;a ixêia:dk wkque;s wxlh – Èkh wkque;sh – w;aika lsÍu – M,odhs;ajh uq,a iajrEmh – – wjidkh iudf,daÑ; – ;:H – Wmfhda.S;dj wkque;s wxlh iuq iuqõÑ; Ñ; fldka;%d;a;= m%odkh iuqõÑ; f.ùï wd'ix'ne' ^weußldkq fvd,¾ oyia & fjk;a ^weußldkq fvd,¾ oyia & o< m%;sY;h iïuq;Skaf.a ;;a;ajh my; oelafjk j¾.SlrKhka hgf;a iïuq;s fnod fjka fldg we;' - ú.Kkh flreKq .sKqï" iq/ls;d" iudc" wxYh" uQ,H" wd¾Ól iy fjk;a' my; oelafjk ks¾Kdhlhka Ndú; fhdod .ksñka j¾.SlrKhkag wkql+, f,i iïuq;s wkqrEm;d o¾Yl.; flf¾' (i) ;Dma;su;a - wod< j¾.SlrKfha ish¨ iïuq;s tl jHd;sf¾lhla muKla yer wkqrEm ùu' (ii) md¾Yaúl f,i ;Dma;su;a - Wmßu jYfhka iïuq;s folla muKla wkqrEm fkdjk wjia:dj' (iii) w;Dma;su;a j¾.SlrKhg wh;a iïuq;Ska ;=kla fyda Bg jeä ixLHdjla wkqrEm fkdjk wjia:dj' 2011 uyck ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh wkqj jHdmD;s uQ,H m%ldYk i|yd iïuq;s wkqrEm ùfï YS>%;d o¾Yl 2012 wfma%,a ui 02 jeks Èfkka miq tlÕ ùfï idlÉPd i|yd werhqï we;s jHdmD;s i|yd muKla j,x.= fõ' wkque;s e;s wxlh wxYh lafIa;%h 0072 – iudc – uQ,H – wd¾:s d¾:sl – fjk;a – iq/ls;d – jHdmD;s uQ,H m%ldYk – iïnkaO;d ;d iy hdj;ald,Sk úia;r j.úh hq;= wd'ix'ne' ks,Odßhd ñka .=hka *Eka¾ j.úh hq;= wd'ix'ne' fomd¾;fïka;=j ol=Kq wdishd fomd¾;fïka;=j j.úh hq;= wd'ix'ne' wxYh kd.ßl ixj¾Ok iy c, wxYh l%shd;aul lrk ksfhdað;dh;k m<d;a md,k yd m,d;a iNd wud;HdxYh c, iïmdok yd c,dmjdyk wud;HdxYh wEÿï jHdmD;s fjí wfvúh http://www.adb.org/projects/45148-004/main jHdmD;s f,aLk ,ehsia;=j http://www.adb.org/projects/45148-004/documents
© Copyright 2024 ExpyDoc