EUROPA ORIENTALIS 17 (1998): 2
10HOWECKHE rOLUDI ATIEKCAHRPA BEHYA.1885-1899.
CTPAHHLIKA BOCnOMHHAHHII
amwrpliff clnuiocoOos
1. rHMHA3H5I. 1885-1890
°celibi() 1885 roga npmen
K HaM, B rIATIAR KlIaCC rHMHa3HH MaA, HOBbIPI
TOBapHILI. ROB011bH0 Il.TIOTHb1P1, KaK
Hoe
B3p0C11b117.
He C
"110BeHbKHM",
blue Torna
Ka3a110Cb BbICOKHR,
a rnaH-
nepswe pa3roRopu c IIHM 6WnK He o6WIAHWe rHmHammecKHe.
He C 6y11y111Hm "ToBapknuem",04HOKaMHHKOM, a C
,
TOLIHO
HOBWM
3liaKOMbIM.
3To 6blIl Anexcaunp BeHya.
C6.11H3HJIHCb MW C HHM HeCKOJIbK0 no3)Ke, B IlOCJIeRHPIX KJIaCCaX. HO
nomi-no xopowo cHoe nepBoe HneHaTnenHe. C apemeHem nosianeHHA Wyphi
BeHya a rrmia3HH, y ?densi csH3aHo otiellb TOLIHOe BocnomHHaHHe o nepenome orpogecKoPi ncHxo.norHH. flepexon OT orpotiecTsa K loHowecTsy.
PaCUBeT Hatneh npy*661 nanaer Ha 1889-1890 ronbi. Ha
BOCbMOti
Knacc.
B 3Ty 3Hmy npoH3owiTH ,Ba "CO6b1T1451",KOTOpbIe MW nepe*H.nH BmecTe,
co scem yBnetreHHem "cemnanuaTH.neTHHx".
rosopio O rac -rpanstx meArtHurermeH
"Cnswien xpacasHubi".
H O
nepHbix npenc-raB.neHusix
Wypsi 6b1.11 KOHOBOROM Hal1111X TeaTpaJlbHbIX 3cKanan. He nOTOMy, LITO
OH dosibuie Hawero yanexanc51 TeaTpom, a 110TONly, IATO ripulire Hac 6bLn
nonro-roaneH. "MeAHHHreHLHA" H "CnHurasi xpacaHHHa" GUAII /VIA Hero He
npocTo yi3J1eKaTeJlbHL4M 3penH111em, xopounim TeaTPOM, a HOBWM 3aBOeBa 'mem. 3Tanom B Hc-ropHH -rea-ma.
Y merm cnyqathio coxpaHmacb He6onbinasi CHHeHbKa5I Terpaaxa. Ha
olino» Ke Hanucamo: "TeaTp C ceurrApsi 1886 r. no samapb 1890 r.".
3To A 3aIlliCblBan ace CBOH xo*TreHrl B TeaTp.
3anncH npexpa-rwmcb, no -romy IATO Si nepeuren K xpallemno nporpaMM.
3a HenanHux TPH Ce30Ha Sì 6b1JI B Tea -rpe 59 pa3. H vero TyT TallbK0 HeT.
278
,,QMHTplift ctiHJI OCO(POB
chpallny3cicHe cpapcbi, impone "Mademoiselle Netouche", rne oTAHLiancsi noxonubiti Hittemaus, H KnaccHtlecxHe "1cup -re-n-61e" npn ytiacTHH Ay3pa,
['Immensi, BehxmaHa H Llasbiaosa. 1.(ymat B "seienne", ckepHH-T(*epmaHo
— B "KapmeH", a pHnom — CrpeneTosa B "rOpbKOR Cypb614He", MejlbHHKOB
— B "Pyc.nalle".
Ha nepaoh c -rpaHnice TOrl *e TeTpamoi npkiBeRéH perpocnexTHEmbin
nepe4eHb. To*e 04eHb necTputi H MOB011bH0 6o.nbwon. £10 ceHTH6pH 1886
r. A y)Ke annen "A(113Hb 3a [tape, "AHRy", "cbaycra", "EBreHHH
"CHerypoLcy", ",E(oH-)Kyalla", BaH - 3aHL1T B "JIaKM3", UyKKH B ",111o4epH
cl)apaoHa". armetiernm m "Julius Caesar", "Wilhelm Teli", "Die lUuber".
Bcero s 3TOM nepenue 48 cnexTax.nen H KoHuepTos, npHilem HaLia.no
moero TeaTpa.nbHoro na.nommiLlecTsa HaTtO OTHeCTH K 3Hme 1878/79 rcua,
T. e. Kor,qa mHe 6b1.no 6 14J111 7 .neT.
He 6epycb cygHTb, xopowo HJ114 ztypno TaK noTaxaTb neTcxon cTpaCTH K TeaTpy. l'ICKyCCTBeHHO eia He panHaa.nH, HO HeCOMHeHHO, 4TO 111060Bb 3Ta 6buta ogeHb CHI1b1102.
ECJIH 51 npine.n Taxpo 4.1-114Hlly10 cnpaHxy O CB0éM neTCKOM yanetlemm
TeaTpoM, TO TOJIbKO nOTOMy, 4TO IlpH6J1 11314Tel1bH0 TaKHe *e TeaTpanblible HnemaT.neHHH neTCTBa £1011*Hbl 6131.1114 6bITb H y BeHya. Taxon *e TeaTpaJl Buil H HaW ToHapHw B. (1). Hyse.nb. Tax LITO npunsi B HOBy10 4.1151 ce6H
cpeLly, Tearpart Benya cpa3y Haulén AByx enktHOMblIBIleliFIHKOB H eL1HHO 4yBCTBeHHHKOB.
aan*eH C 611arOaapHOCTb10 110M51HyTb Hawy rHMHa3HIo.
yLnunt Llymalo, trro He Ba*HO: "4emy-HH6yab H KaK H H 6yitb". Ho HaCKOJIbK0 $1 Mory Tertepb o Hen cy,nwrb, OHa HaM Aana
onellb mrioro. B Hen 6buio coefumerme KaK0A - TO M11/10n pe6s4ecxon 111-1 cso6o,noh. Fle3a6seHHun Kap.n HBaHOBH4 (Mah) acemTHMOC60/1bWR
rosopH.n "Du", xprinan Ha nac Hewanno "Mach, da8 du fort kommst!", HO
Ka*floe yTpo C Ka*AbIM H3 HaC 340p0B0.11051 3a pyxy H no.nro 6ecenoBan
no-ToaapHwecx14, o maTepHsix cosepwelluo 1- 14MHa31414 nocTopoHHHx. ,r1a*e
B cTapwnx maccax, Ka*Ttoe 29-e oxTH6pst (jleHb pomeHHH Kap.na HaaHoswia.) Hac nowni momnariom, Hapswy C "npHroToBHucame, a crpormn H
cyposun "KJ1aCCHK" 3pa3M MaJlbXHH o6pawancm C HaMH notiTH KaK CO cTyReHTamH, 4TO ne mewano emy craBwrb Ham jusonxii 3a Heynat-mbdi nepeBor
113 TaIAHTa HJ1H 11JiaT0Ha. Kor4a *e Mbl OTKpOBeHHO eMy 3a511231 5111H, 4TO HHnero He npHroToan.na, noTomy-TO Haxanyne cmoTpe.nn "Wallensteins Tod"
11J111 "Hermanns Schlacht" (oco6eHHo mnoro ymennsi npomnsi.n B 3THX 06b51 5eHya), ori y.nbi6a.ncH, .nacKoHo Tpena.n Hac no nnetiy: "Na! Scha- CHe51X
det nicht!". H 3T0 11OBTOp51J10Cb 4aCTO, noTomy 4TO "MehHHHreHnea" MW
3T1eCb si
He
311a10 KaK HaC
10HOIRCCKHC FOMJ AJICKCatiLipa 6ex
ya
279
xontuni cmoTpeTb 3anOeM, TaK *e, KaK H "Cnsuuyio". Yrnipanii H3 rliMlia31411
B "60nbulyto nepemeHy" Ha nHefflible cneKTaKnH. 11 Bce cxonftno c pyK.
OrIATb He 6epyCb CyAHTb, HaCKOJIbK0 3T0 COOTBeTCTBOBall0
Tuicwirounie". Ho yillinHcb MW B o6tuem, He nypno, a 1441411b1F1 Kapnytua
H TOT *e MaJIbxnn B jj yme, Beposrnio, na*e noompsuni Haule yanetie,
C HeKoTophimH 143 "MektilitireHLkeB" MW KaK - TO 1103HaKOM1411HCb. nOMHIO
noene CrleKTaKJISI MW XOTIHJIH C Paul Richard'om (KoTopbdi TOJIbKO IATO 3arpO6HWM ronocom cTpatuan AHT0111131: "Bei Philippi! Bei Philippi!") H C npyrHm aKTepom Link'oM, y*Httarb, B pecTopaHiniK Mopo3osa, Ha CanoBon.
n11.1111 TaM mlo, KaK B3pOCJIble "6yptuit", 14 noi-HiTanii ce6R
01131Tb - TaK14, 14MeliF10 Illypa nplinaBa_n "B3pocnbtf1" TOH Hamemy yanegemito, 6bIll B CyllAHOCTH Haumm "nertarorom". XMONHHKOM, B TexmitteCKOM cmucne cnoBa Oli ce6A Torna etue He co3HaBan, KaK, Hanp. KOCTS1
COMOB, KOTOpblil 113 6-oro Knacca HaWeN ritmHamili nepemen B A.KaLleM1410
XyAO*CCTB, N TeM CaMb1M, y*e B 16 neT, np13Han ce6si XyAO*HHKOM.
BeHya nonro Kone6ancn. CJIH111KOM 111190K 661.71 AHarla3OH ero yrinevernifl
HuTepecos. Ho Torna y*e, B noCnep11NX KI1aCCaX rHMHa3HH, CO BceG1 51pKOCTb10 npouBvinticb B 11CM ABC, CTO/lb xapaKTepHble Ansi Hero Llep -rbi: TaJlaHT
rle/rIarOra, 14 aKTHB11a51, TaK CKa3aTb, TBOptIeCKa51, JI1060Bb K TeaTpy. OH ne
TOJIbK0 HaCJIa*Aa.11C51 TeaTpOM, 110 y*e 110J1b30BaJICSI 1lM KaK opymiem
A.1151 CaMOCTOSITCJIbliblX TB0pIleCKHX 1111aHOB B 3TOil o6nacTH.
"Elenaror"->Ke CKa3b1BaJICSI BO BCéM. Bo Bpemn ypoKoB HCTOpH14 OH
nprulocHn 143 A0My KaKHC - 11146yAb yBpa)KH, Bpone Hirth'oBcKoro "Formenschatz" 1411H "Weltgeschichte"
MW, 06CTy1114131111,1 ero, paCCMaTpliB/IH
HJITHOCTpaLIHH, K BCJIHKOMy cmytneliktio cKpomlioro Hamero yi-uiTenst, B. A.
KpaKay, KOTOpb1F1 CHalla110 pOOKO Hp0TeCTOBall, a HOTOM 110K0p14J1C51. rpaBlopa c KapTHtibt David'a, K/151TBa a "Jeu de Paume" 6bina nomemy-TO Hamm
oveHb 06J11060BaHa. MW tiamiiN B Heri "oTcTymniKa" MapTHHa jj'OKa (OH
CHAell B yrlly, B COKpyllICHH01-1 1103e) H y Hac na*e 6bin B xony rnaron:
"MapTIIHAOKCTBOBaTb". TOT, KTO liapylllaJ1 CrOB0p, no Haulen TepmmionorHII, "MapTHHAOKCTBOBaJI".
BcKope, BoKpyr namero nio6Hmoro nejarora Bbipoc Kpy*oK "nnst
camoo6pa3oBaHHA". LlywoR ero, KoHetitio, 6bin onsrrb BeHya. YtiacTBoBanit
B Kpy*Ke, Kpome Benya, HyBenu H mei-1s', euié lieCKOJIbK0 TOBapliMeti: HHKonati CKanoli, rpHropkul KanHH. 3aTeM npticoenkumnocb onHo "nocTopoHHee"
Jlea Po3en6epr.
KaK-TO pa3, r1pHASI K Lllype, MW BCTpeTHJIH y Hero pb1>KCHKOr0 KyJ2(p31 -10111y, C 6111130pyKHM11, AO6phIMH rlIa3aMH, paCCeAHHOr0, 3aCTe1i- BOr01
280
,ammrpmA chillIOCO(POB
~oro, HaHBHO, no-nercKn yrwidaloweroca. Ka*eTcn, OH no3HaKompuica C
Wypo ✓i gepe3 ero 6para, Anbdepa. ./lesyuwa (5aKcT) otieHb cKopo CflpY )MACA C HaMH 14 CTa.71 He06X0AHMIAM yllaCTHHKOM Hawero Kpy*Ka, npitCSDKHIAM ero "criKepom".
"Kpy*ox 1151 camoo6pa3osamis" 66111 otieHb unipoK no caoeti nporpaMMe. KaKOA - TO y1114BePCHTeT WaHABCKar0.
"Anb6pexT aopep H ero apems"; Hyaenb —
BeHya Lln-ran Kypc
"HCTOP1431 onepb1"; Kamm — "TypreHea H ero apems"; A — "3noxa AneKcampa 1-r0"; Po3en6epr — "063op fle5Tej1bHOCTH cospemeHllux pyccKnx
xYnOACHIAKOB".
B npoToKone 10-ro co6parnis infraem: "Bbipa*eHa odupim codpamiem
6naronapHocTb npocpeccopy BeHya 3a psn npeKpacHux
HPOLIH TaHliblX C 110J1HUM 3Hat1HeM nana 14 ynopHow HaCTORLIHBOCTb10. CO6paHHe
clinTaeT ,[10.111- 0M TaKoe oTHowernie K neny 11a3BaTb 06Pa3140Bb1M 14 f(0C TORH6IM nonpa*amin".
KOHeLlHO, 3TY BHTHeBaTy10, YCJI0BHO - B3p0011y10 pe3omoukno Hano
TanKosarb cum grano salis. Bpsn nM 20-nenin2 "npocpeccop" od.nagan
"11011H131M 3Halinem /iena", H BO BCSIKOM cnytme He Ham 6blJIO cynnTh o pa3mepax 3TMX 311aHl4A. Ho naixononittecmi — pe3amouns Una licKpeHHeti.
Jlempin BeHya "3apa*ann" Hac. Mbl noseptomo nonnasanncb B11 1451H1410
Hawero nenarora, aeppinn eMy H OXOTHO y Hero ytninncb.
51 Hapotnio OCTaH01311/1C51 Ha 3TOh, mo*eT 6blTb, mano-nHTepecHoti neTann, Ha nepaux IleKL1HAX "npocpeccopa" Bellya. B TO apema, KaK 11JIA npyritx ruCTHHKOB "Kpy*Ka camoo6pa3oaamis" tiTernie neK1jHh d'Ano any4anHOCTb10, 11)151 BeHya 3TO 661-110 KaK 661 nprusamiem. C wieumeti CT0p01161
OH !/510X OR JleKTOP. Fly6I1H4H0, HaCKOIlbK0 ?mie H3BeCTHO, OH BbICTSMall
acero omill pa3, Ha co6pamin B namsTb 6ap10ia1 H. H. BpaHrens. Flpocpeccypa *e ero B WKone 6apfonal WTHrnnua 66ina C.11 14WKOM KparKoapemeHHoil. Ho ny6nn4mblmn noKnanamn C Kacpenpbt He nctiepnbiaaeTca ponti npocpeccopa N nenarora. 3T0 — ne enmicuseHHble cpopmbi
nenarorwiecKoro B.J1 1151HH51. no cywecTBy *e, beHya o6nanaer nmeHito
TaJlaHTOM npocpeccopa. 3To nonTaepnaT ace 3Halowne ero, sce 06.513aHH131e
eMy CBOHM XY110)KeCTBeHliblM, HCTOpHKO-KyllbTypHIAM pamiTnem. TOT *e
H. H. BpaHrenb, 6e3spemenHylo KOH4HHy KOTOpOr0 Mbl Henamio onnamiBaJ111, npocTo He cyulecTaoaan 6w KaK HCTOpHK HCKyCCT13a, He BCTpeTHB
Ha CB0éM ny-rn TaKoro npocpeccopa-npyra, KaK BeHya.
KOHellHO, "KOHCYlIbTaL1HH" BeHya, ero "Tpiarlio3bi" itmeloT Tenepb Kyna
danbale 3Hatiernia, gem B /111H "Kpy*Ka nns camoo6pa3oBami51". OH Tenepb
BO aceopy*kim 3Hal11451, rOPH3OHT ero umpe, OrIbITHOCTH danbme. HO 11 B Te
281
I0H01.11CCKHC roASl AlleKCaHapa Bellya
naneKHe apemena, O KOTONX Si paCCKa3b1Ba10, ori 612111 ,E(JIA Hac xonatnim
asTopHrerom, Knariegem 31IaHHA H BepHoro, KaK HaM Ka3allOCb, BKyca. Y>Ke
Torna y Hero 6bina 6onbwasi 6H6nHoTeKa, pagHbie *ypHanbi H yBpa*H.
Y>Ke Torna, xyrieribKHR, 6one3rieiibin manbyriK, )KeHsI flaHcepe, Henpecramio nori pyKoBoncTsom BocemHarmaTHneTHero "f15111H", nepenrichiBan
XarreripoTa HJIH"Bilderschate, B TO apema KaK ero mnanumh 6paT, KOJIA, c
wymom 6eran no 60J1b1110R XO.T10/3H0BaTOr4 Sane rienyinKHHoti KBapTripbz, B
KocTiome HlifieRtia YHKaca, H Tem HaBonlin cTpax Ha CBOHX maneribmix
cecTep.
II. 011-1F(11 ,a0M
CO6HpaJIHCb Mbl LlaCTO. TO
y CKaTIOHa (1113144éM (10K0filiblfi B. 10. CKaJlOH
Baprin Ham 12 sillBapsi )K*eriKy iia wnarax, no cTapum, camum TIORIIIIHH131/4
cTyneHtiecKrim TpaT111111451M), TO y Hyaensi, TO y Kal11411a, TO y meria.
Ho Lime acero MW 6WBanH y BeHya oco6emio Te 143 Hac, KTO 6ariee
ripyrrix TriroTen K "LI 14CTOMy ricKyccrigy". CJIOBOM, Ta HaCTb Hawero
Kpy*Ka, KOTOpaA o6pa3oaana 113 CC6A BTIOCIlefICTB11 H anpo >KypHana "Mrip
,
14CKyCCTBa".
("Petit)" 3a 1915 14 1916 r.) Bellya oHerib ApKo Hacaoero nere -riga, CBOR "OTLIHIPil ROM". OH
CTapalICA CaM Ha Ce6A cmoTpeTb N3J anN B H3BeCTITOR nepcneKTriBe.
B
CBOHX CPenberrottax
pliCOBaJI 111-1THMHy10 06CTaHOBKy
,
Ho crienaTb 3TO He JICTKO. PORHOR ROM, KaKOB 6131 OH 1114 613131, acerna,
na)Ke B BOCTIOM1lHaHl4AX, Ka*eTCA "HopmoA". ErtHHCTBellHb1M. OCO6eHHO,
o6nanaeT TpaT11111HOHHUM CTH.71eM. TOJIbK0 YPIL(51 143
"ortiero Roma", npeapaTilaunicb B "6nynHoro cuHa", nonyHaewb BO3M0* -rb cpaariernisi H OltelIKH. HO ria>Ke H gra oueliKa ycnoBila. rIeTcKasi lioc
ncHxonorHA y>Ke yTepsula,lia oxpy>Kaioailig mHp CMOTp14111b HHWMH rnagamri.
eCJII4 OH yeT0171 L1HB,
ECJIII Si BCTIOM1411a10 KOMOR, CTOABIIIHR B moefi neTcKoh, OH lime Ka*er051 rpomaririum, Kpactium, C oco6eHilo 11106HMbIM nparium BePXHHM
Kyria. *affila npsiTana cnacrH. TOJIbK0 OfAHH 3TOT 5111114K ganHpancm. B
OCTallbHblX, BMeCTO 3aMKOB, 311511111 flblpKH, H 4T06131 OTKpb1Tb 511IIHK, Ha,E10
nupKe KPIO4KOM OT canora. Ha Komone ne*ana
51 nomHio, KaK e6 B513aJla
Oco6eHrio Hurepecuo 6131/10 CMOTpeTb, Korna orla 1104B513b1BaJla IGICT04K14
6axpomu. H eciw 6b1 mem', Tenepb, 3aCTaB14.TIH no BCeM npaaHnam y4e6HriKa
6131/10 KOBblpATb B 3TOPI
60J1bIllaA Call(PeTKa. bejlaA BA3a1 IllaA.
onperienrirb noriarme: Komon, A 6b1 npocTo onlican CBOh neTcKrift
MHe 110 1ITH lieB03M0>KHO 6WJI0 6W OTKa3aTbCA OT y6e*netirm, LITO
KOM0/1 no.n en 6WTb Henpemelitio Kpacribim, LITO TiblpKH BMeCTO 3aMKOB
BOBCe He 06A3aTeflbHbl, Tem meilee yponnuaaa BA3aHHaA canci>eTKa...
/10THKH,
KOMOR.
282
11,4117prd:i cinuzococpos
B nom BeHya 51 BOIlléll y*e He pe6eHKom, HO BCé - TaKH meHs nopa3H.n B
HéM cosepwermo Hy*nbtn 4.11A MeHA, HO csoeo6pa3Hbiti H 06a5ITellblibIPI
CTHIlb. Moti "KOMOR" OKa3aJ1CA coscem He 110X0*HM Ha "Komon" Bellya.
KaK 612I HH 6b1JI opHrHHaneH HenoseK, scé paBHO, snetia -rneHms Re-rema, epena, B Ko -ropoR 11114HOCTb pocna H }<penna, KnaRyT Ha Hee netta -rb
HeH3rnanHmylo. KaK BCAKHA HCTHHHIAPI XyZIO*HHK, BeHya TaHT B csoen
nywe Nagano "6orembi", TsroTeer K sHyTpeHHeti CBO6Orle, K noTpseeHmo
OCHOB. B MOJ1O/OCTH, BeCb Haw KpyN<OK, HA H cénacle, .11 106H.TI Rpa3HHTb
"cininficrepos", "épater le bourgeois". B Wype beHya 3TOT "anapxH3m" xyRO*HHKa ymepsnes 4pe3BW4aNH0 6.naropoRtion
CTIfilbHOCTb10 TOR 6yp*ya3Hoil 06CTaHOBKH, B KOT0p0171 OH shipoc, H KOTOpaA, B Cyll1HOCTH, He
TOJIbK0 He meinana eMy, a cKopee nomora_na.
Bbipocum B 06crarlosKe £1130pAHCKO - 4HHOBHOil, OC.TIO>KHeHHOR BTOp anemeHTa HH -ren.rirewrcKH-A616epanbitoro, A 6ecco3HaTenbllo
>Kermem
HaCJ1a*naJICA He3HaKOMWM, A 661 cKa3an "H1-103eMHb1M", cTpoem 3 -roPi ape-
KpacHon, Bell114aB011 cembH. BeposTHo TaK *e ce6s tryscTsosan B KOHLM
B "FlemettKylo
Cno6ony", B creneinlyto cembio KaKoro-HH6yab "py*eibmix nen" macTepa.
XVII BeKa KaKoti-HH6ynb manonoil MOCKB114, nonasuniti
B uelTrpe Haxonrincs npecrapenbai HHKonafi fleorrbeswi.
OH *14J1 TorrAa Ha nOKoe. BCA mnoroLuicneHHas cembs y*e npHeTpoella
H npkicTpoeHa XOpOWO. B cembe OCTaJ1CA TOIlbK0 BeHHaMHH - WypHHbKa, ,r1a.
>KFIBéT palio OBROBeB111a51 ,F10 11b, EKaTepHHa H. fla.HCepe, C f1ATb10 JleTbM14.
TpN nesounm
H T1Ba MaJlb4HKa: >KeHs, FIE4He f1efACTBHTenbHbIn 4neH Ala/lemmi, H KO.TIA, HWHe cnasubik apxH -reK -rop. ,Etenyuna C HHMH BO3HTCA
HenpecTarmo. PIJ1 H, sepHee, OH14 OK0J10 Hero B03ATC51. CaM OH CHAFIT y
ce6s B Ka6HlieTe, OKOJIO 60J1131110r0 CT011a, He yCJ10BH0r0, nHcbMeHHorO, a
pa6oHero, H seLmo pyKonenbrivaeT: HaKnermaer Ha Kap -roll "Miinchener
Bilderbogen", nenacr KaKkie-To Kopo6KH. OH s xanaTe, Tennbix canorax. Ho
3TO He rpS13H0BaTb1n XallaT onycntrunerocs venoseKa. 3TO npocTo HaH6onee yno6Hbai Tyaner Tinsi oveHb eine 6oRporo H *Hsoro crapula. H ecrut
6bi A 6bin Torna neT KonH H.T11 >Kern,' flaHcepe, si He sepHn 6b1, LITO 3TH
KapToubi, KOp0604KH H KapTHIIKH, camble npocTble "ecTecTseHHble" nonenKH mHnoro nenyunot Mlle OHH Ka3aJ1HCb 6b1 TakIFICTBeHHUMH, C "/.1130F11161M
jIHOM". SI *nan 61,1 OT IMX flpHATHWX, HO LlyTb - LlyTb CTpa11111131X clopnpH3os.
B IiHKonae JleonTbesHile Takincs 6bi 41151 Mel1A rOCtIMaHOBCKHR npoceenbmehep, spar B3pOCJILAX, npyr perreit o6nanaTenb HyRoRetlerseHHbtx,
Taci-F-mem« ceKperos...
BnpoHem, Mbl sce TOraa yBlIeKaJIHCb rOCI:1MaHOM, H, mo*eT 6611- b, Si
npHnHebisato milnomy nenywKe Te CBOACTBa, KOTOpbIX y Hero He 6uno.
10110111eCKHe TO,abi
AneKcali,apa BeHya
283
rocTek FIHKOJlaR IleoliTbeakm Berpettaer C yT0H4eHHOR, 411CTO 3a nanno11 Be*J111BOCTb10. flpeno4H4TaeT r0B0pHTb no-cpparnty3cKH. 3a maem, B
OpHrHHaJlbHOPi cHHeR CTOJI0B011, yBeinermok rpomanHumm 1-0/1J1aHLICKHMH
nature-morte'amm H KaKHMH - TO BunteBaTumH apxnTeKTypHbfmll nek3a>Kamit
BeHeuHaHcKoro CTII.TIA, OH pacKnaj u
naccnancw H BenéT HeBHHHble
pa3rosophi. PaccKa3usaer O TOM, LITO 011 Bb1411TaJ1 yTpom B "cBoek" ra3eTe. 1-1H -ran OH "Journal de St. Petersbourg". Ka>KeTcsi, npyrpfx ra3eT B nome
He num).
A y camoBapa cyeTH.nach Kammula A.nb6epTotma (po*n. KaBoc).
HemHoro cropn.netwast, ycranas, c nonphimH .nacKoBbimm r.na3amm, c
60.11blibIM ceprulem — orla Henocena. Becb nom Ha Heh, orla BCA B maTepHHCKHX 3a6oTax.
BHyKH — coacem pyccKHe. OHH *nyT He no*nyTbcs neTa, LITO6b1
yexaTh "K cene", Kyna-TO B XapbKoBcKyto rynepnkno. Y cTapHKoB — partyutile 414CTO pyccKoe, mo>KeT 6bITb, na*e LlyTb - llyTb pa3rtutbnsficKoe. Ho
ace-TaKH, Ha scem nome ne*HT oTnettaToK "HHo3emHoro", a CaMH CTapliKH,
He CMOTpA Ha BCIO CBOIO HenpHT513aTenbuyto npocToTy, HmetoT Brin "3HaT HbIX HuocTpatutea". 1110n11 H11011, He pyccKon Ky.nbTypu. A Tufts MeHA Torna
pyccKok KyribTypok, enkflicTBetuto pyccKoh, Ka3allaCb "8okt-fa H mHp" I1J1k1
"AHHa Kapetwía". A ne mor cene npencTaBHTb cTapHKoa BeHya rne-Hnnynb
B HOB0p>KeBCKOM yeme, ficKoscKok ry6. 011H n011*Hbl *HTb Ha nage, B
fleTeproche. C PoccHek OHH CBA3alibl 4epe3 flerrepnypr, 4epe3 riaine OKHO B
EBpony. Hx npH3Ban ciona fléTp BesuiKtik, cene Ha nomoutb, jjns Haca>KneHHA B POCCHH "HCKyCCTB H peméce.n". "fleTpoacKiim fleTepnyprom" 6hut
nponuTaFf secb nom Beitya. H He c.nyvaktia cTpacTuas /11060Bb kneKcaHnpa
bellya K HeTpy, K "Moun.ne3Hpy", K pyccKomy XVIII BeKy, K 3noxe cKpe111HBaltHA POCCHH C EBponok. Ee rpy6o 3nopoBok HenocpencTaeHnocTH c
3ananHoti yTOH4eHHOCTb10. £1,J1A menst J1114110 B TBoptiecTBe bettya-xyno*HHKa oconeHHo [lembi ero H.n.ruocTpauvui K "Mennomy BcanrulKy".
rOpOnCKHe *HTellH onufatoTcA c npliponok TOJIbK0 JleTOM. He CBA 3a1-1Hbi11 c.ny>K6ok, AneKcatinp beHya (*eHHBIIIHRCA 04eHb parlo, B 1894 rony) nposonwr .neTo Bcerna Bile ropona. B BpeTaHH, B .TlyraHo, B Kpumy, B
fleTeprocpe. Ho Bpsn JIH 011 nun B XapbKoBcKon rynepHHH, y CBOHX rineMA111114KOB, HJ1H B006111e B pyccKoi nposmituHn.
Flomtuo, y>Ke B anoxy "MHpa HCKyCCTBa", OH, B OnHOR 113 CBOHX CTa TeR, c HeKoTopum npeuenpe*effHem OTO3BaJICA O "6e.T1b1X Ky6HKaX C 3el1éHb1M11 nyKosKamm". Mo*er nbirb, 3CTeTWIeCK11 OH nbin npaB. CKpomnue,
HoBroponKo-ncKoBcKHe Ky6HKH c 3elleHbIMH llyKOBKaM11 He moryT HLITH B
cpaBHernie c panoTamH FlasmanHo H Cl3a1fra311AMI1 fliwane3H. Ho A Torna
onHnencs 3a HallIH "Ky6HKH"; mute noKa3a.nocb, LITO nocsratoT Ha LITO-TO
284
,a1■411TpHa ci,HJI0C00013
JUTA Me1151 CB5I ILIeHt10e, Ha MHJ1b1 11 OCTI3OB (fICKOBCK011
ry6feptInn1), KOTOpb1
pannero neTCTBa 51 3Hall H J11061411. Wypa 06HZIell MOR "fleTCKHR KOMO)".
H Si ROBOJIbH0 pe3K0 OTBeTHJ1 emy non nceBnonnmom "rynnnBep".
C
3T0 CTOJIKHOBeHHe KyJIbTypHbIX CTHXH
ne pa3 Flp051B./151J10Cb Bno-
C.TlenCTB1114 B camom none "MHpa VICKyCCTBa". °alla cTopona 06BHH5UlaCb B
"Kpacnom namonann3me", npyrast B "KOCMOIIOJIHTH3Me". OCO5eHHO ocTpo
Bo3ropencn cnop BoKpyr BHKTopa Bacneuot3a, KoTopbdi y*e nepecTan
5b1Tb BacnenoBbim, cyluecTBoBaTb cam no celie, a CReJla.11C31 KaKHM - TO
516J10KOM pa3topa. Ho 06 3TOM HH*e.
III. YHHBEPCHTET. 1890-1894
r.
EBponeticKnti, KyribTypnbin nom Benya, co aceti npenecTbto 6yp*ya3nbtx
cemennbtx Tpannunit, npnaneKan nac Tem 6onee, 4TO Wypa nocTaBnn ce6B
noma, KaK "B3pocnbiR", 14 B TO *e spemB MaTb 5eCKOHe4HO 6anoBana
caoero manenbKoro WypnnbKy.
C
ocetm 1890 roma K nauteR Komnamtn npncoenrunvicst Cepreh 1251rItileB.
OKOH4HB nepmcKylo rnmna3nto, ori npnexan B 1leTep6yprcKnfi ynnBepcnTeT.
Bbtpoc OH coacem B npyroPt 06cTanosKe, KoTopyto npeKpacno onncana
ero nto6nmast mallexa, E. B. ,E1BrítneBa (CM. "C6oprinK namsrrn A. Il. caltriocoCOBOC, T. I, rn. 1-as). linTepecu ero 6binkt TOffia, rnaBHWM o6pa3om, my3b1KailbHble. liaNKOBCKNN 50p0,CIIIH 661.71H ero nto6nmuamn. 1.1enumm nnsimpt
cnnen OH y p051.11.51, pacneBaB apHH HropA. nei OH 6e3 0006011 IIIKOJIb1, HO C
ElpHp0*fléHH611.4 ymennem, TaK KaK Bblp0C B nacTosnuen My3b1KallbH0F1
CTHXHH, non Kpb1J101,4 TaKOR nopa3nTenbno'n xyno*nnum-neBnubt, KaK A. B.
,
flatiaeBa-KapuoBa.
KaK Tenepb nomnto nepByto BcTpegy (ocenbto 1890 rona) CepreB
£151rnneBa C Kopennum yt-tacninKom Kpy*Ka Wypbt Benya, B. CP. Hysenem,
Bepuee Banw-ncoR HyBenem. Esprit caustique no npenmymecTay, xopoumh
My3b1KaHT, 6onee acex nac fuo6muBA "épater le bourgeois", OH C mecra peunui oropowBrb nporwitunianbnaro "nn*ona". TallbK0 LITO npoLinTaB cTaTbH Hnnule conta Barnep, OH 113neaancs1 Hut Barnepom, 50pOrIFIHIAM, BOC XBal151.11 KapMeH. Boodule nanycTnn CT01114 1-1HOti FIUMI. Ho npoEumuNan He
CMyTHJICSI. H TyT *e flOKa3all, 4TO 011 "cam C yCaM".
rypb6oF1 xomum MW B ynnBepcnTeT, no, Ka/KeTC31, 51 erIHHCTBeHHblfi
npkumman ero Bcepbe3. Benya, HyBenb N ,C1Briviea nocemarm ero 143penKa,
no neo6xonnmocTn. Nano *e rile-undynb 51,1Tb.
no coBepwelmo CTpaHHOR CJIy4a11110CTI4, Benya 661.71 lOpHCTOM. BepOSITHO, OT paBuoftyluBB. Flpocro Bce MW XOTe.11 H 5121Tb amecre. Cmeumo
WHOIIICCKHC
roau
AJICKCallapa
benya
285
Tenepb noaymaTb, IATO 5eliya arBellan Ha 3K3amerte o6 "3mtlmTeBTax" 14/111
"apxmepeAcKom cyrie". OLtuaxo, 3TO 6bin0 mietuto Tale
5eHya euié He Hamar' ce651, Bce euie ne peumn, IATO OH XyZIONHIIK. 3To
npoB3own0 no3anee, He paHee 1895-96 roga. BecHolo *e 1894 Tona,
Korna rocynapcmemibin 3K3aMell 6bLT1 Cf(aH, H nepHoa "Heaenatme, B
TOJICTOBCKOM amene CJI0Ba, 6b1J1 OKOFIlleH, 3T0 OTCYTCTBHe Emeumem36patmoro nyTm myTb He npmBeno 5eHya K 11/aTaAbH0fi ouat6Ke. flOCJIe
)KCHHTb6W eMy npmunocb CePbC3H0 npm3anymaTbcs1 Han Bonpocom O 3apa6ofice. limest £11411A0M, OH peumn 110CTWIHTb Ha rocynapcmermylo cny*6y, HCKAIO4HTeAbH0 f1A51 3apa60na, KaK OH roBopmn B "Ta1140*H10". K
CT1310, 06CT051TeAbCTBa CAO*HAHCb mHave. C 51HBap51 1895 rona OH nocrynaeT Ha "LbacTHylo cny>x6y". KHArH1151 M. K. TemmueBa npurnawaeT ero
6b1Tb "xpamrenem" ee xyao*ecTBenHoro co6paHmsi. A Tax xax cpalaw teCKII 3Toro co6pammst eine He 6bino, TO pa6oTa Beliya cBenacb K cocTaBlIeH1110 3T0 f4. KOJIlleKLIHH, nnA utero on yexan 3arpanifily (oceHbto 1895
roaa).
Ho B cTyaermecKkte For:tu 3THX pa6oT euté He B0311HKal10, H Haine
mktnoe "HeaenaHHe" wno CBOHM gepeaom.
ECAH He outH6alocb, 314M010 1891-92 roaa BWWW1 Ha HeMeUKOM A3b1Ke
nepBbdi BbIllYCK H3BeCTHOR "Etc -Topi« *1113011HCH XIX BeKa" PHx1apaal MyTepa. B 3TOM Bbinycxe Una nomeutella nporpamma H3AaH1451 H aBormasi eraTb5I o6ulero xapaxTepa.
YBH,EleJ1 51 3Ty KHHry BriepBbie, Komegno, y 5eHya. Ka5KeTC51, BCCb
Kpy*oK cetiliac *e a6oimpoBancst Ha mutamle, a BBOAF1a51 CTaTb51 6b1Aa
*aaHo rIPOL1Tella.
HaM Bcem Ka3a110Cb, IATO MyTep roBopHT HmeHito TO, IATO MW Tumanm.
BepHee, He aymanm, a oulywaini, Tax KaK nocnertoBaTenbHoh, cworoil
3CTCTHKII y Hac He Obino, /la 14 110 morii° 6bITb. Bnpoliem, He Uno ce 14 y
MyTepa. B 3TOM, no*anyh, rnaBitam ero 3acnyra. Hac nneHHno xyao*ecTBerwoe, 6ecKophicTHoe OT110111e11He nemeuxoro HCTOPI4Ka K XYA0 npokt3Beaertko KaK TaxoBomy. Ero 6e3OTHOCHTeAbHa51,*CTBeHOMy
cBo6onnasi .111060Bb K CPOpMC, nHitHH, KpacKe. F1 KaK Heo6xortHmoe
rottettue lia ycnoBlibul aKaaemH3m, Ha
cnencTrme 3Toro 6ecxophicTmst
TeHaeH111403110CTb /110CCellba0pCPCKOR 111K0Abl, KoTopyto MW npe3HpanH
OT4a.51H110, Konetino, noTomy, 1110 itac nytumn pyccKurt 2foccenbaopq),
TeXH144eCKH 6ecnomoutubth H CCP1,12, /111111é11111,113 RIOCCellbA0pCIDCK0171 TeXHH K14, HO CT0.11b NCE YCJ10RllbI H TCHJICHL11403111,1k. A roBopio O nepenBm*HmLleCTBe. BA106.11e1111ble B "L'ocuvre de Zola", MW C PaAOCTb10 yBkinenm y MyTepa Bb1COKy10 011CHKy THOPtleCTBa 3nyapna Ma113, B006111C cl)partuy3cKHx
-
—
286
AMI1TpHR CIMJIOCO(POB
umnpeccmomicToB H n.nen3pHcToB. klx MW /110611)114 ricen nytuoil, 6o.nbule,
Bnponem, no HVITYHIA1114, TaK KaK 3HaJI11 11X TO/lbK0 no BOCEIPOH3BefIeHHAM.
Hevero rpexa Tal1Tb. MyTepoM MW 6b1J1H ymegenbi CHJIbH0. 4T0 He
nal nafk 1111M nocmeHBarbc51. Oco6euuo 3a ero CT1111b. TaK, onno
Mewano
neyilatmbix ero Fmpa*ennh "Parftimierte Distingiertheit" sonno y tue B
noroBopKy.
113
Y BeHya SIIIHJlaCb MIDICJIb nanHcaTb 11J15I 3T0r0 14311aH1451 r.naBy O pyccxoti *HB011HCH. He paccimTbiBaB Ha ycnex, COMHeBaSICb B CBOHX atnax,
n.nan, 14 non 6o.ribumm ceKpeTom BCTyTarme-mem-15m nepenmcxy C MyTepoM.
OH TIllaTellbH0 CKPb111 OT HaC CBOR
fINJI
Hallo CKa3aTb, 4TO man Benya 6bin 1jefiCTBHTeJlbH0 °nem CMeJlblft.
MyTep c nerxocTblo "Opa.n caos 4o6po, rjte naxonm.n". B ero pacnopsi*emi 6611114 mnoromicnennue xyno*ecTBennbie CHHMKH H rpomaanasi
TepaTypa. Y nac *e Kpome "nonnoro co6panHA cotimnenHA linarnimmpa
CracoBa" Finger° He 6buio. ,F1a*e rosi ne60ribuloro oliepxa nprixorm.nocb
pb1TbC51 B "nepBoncTotimiKax". BmecTo xyRo*ecTBennbix CHHMKOB — 1JapH 11H no3opnbie "ftepeBsunKm" 11)111 mrorpacimm, 13 CT11Jle "npemmti HH13b1".
BHOCJlefICTBHH, npncrynaB K 113/1a111110 "MHpa HCKYCCTB", MW 661)114 B TaKOM
*e TparwiecKom nono*emm. Hanommo, 4T0 ria*e TaKoR macTep, KaK
B141410111 6W11 rIOLITH nem3BecTen, a BeCb XVIII BeK liaX04HJICSI nOn nepenBm*mmecKmm 3anperom.
Benya (KCTaT14 OKa3a.TICS3 Be)IHKOJle1111b111 paccmatunx) ente HeTIaBHO
Bcnomnna.n, c KaKHM onlyinelmem no3opa OH 3aumBan 3arpaH144llyie nochinKy, nanosmennyio y*acriumn cummxamH, coBepwenno mcka*alounimm
opHriman, KaK 6eC110M0111110 4yBCTBOBaJI 011 ce6A B ny6J1 114H0fi 5146.m40Teke, BbIllCKHBa51 FIO pa3Hna4 memyapam H KaTanoram, XOTb KaKHe - HH6y£113
nannue 113 614orpacpn PYCCKHX Xy[10*FIHKOB.
HO Tem 60)31,111e Uno ero m natile nyBcTBo rop,ctocTH, Korna 110511311.TICA
VIII Burlycm Klinn4 MyTepa C r.TlaBOì1 O pyccKom HCKyCCTBe. B 3arOJIOBKe
6b1J10
nanegaTalio: "Unter Mitwirkung von Alexander Benois".
6un Torna 3arpannuell. 5enya npnanan Nine caos "Tpy4", m a nmcbme
7-ro 51HBap51 1894 !nona A BOCTOp)l<eHHO flpHBeTCTBOBaJ1 "pyCCKOrO
MyTepa", 3aBmflosan eMy, 14T0 011 "yllacTflyeT B 06111eeBPOrleACKOR KY.T1b -
OT
Bo3myntanc51 nonpaBkamm H HcKa*erumm, crte.nannbimll "narnbim
MyTepoM" 13 TeKCTe CTaTbH.
Type" H
3To manelibKoe co6birne nmeeT 6anbinoe 311w-tenne B 6Horpa(imm SeHya, 11, cmeio CKa3aTb, E3 ncTopnn pycckoro 11CKyCCTBa.
HeMeLIKa51 CTa I bst npeRpaTmacb B110Cllef1CTBHH 13 uesiyio KHHrY (B pycCKOM 143)a11m Mylepa).
287
10Howecktie ro xal ArrexcanApa BeHya
BeHya, monetino, nepepoc Tenepb CBON "namcpieT", nape.naBninti B
apemB CTO/IbK0 inymy. Ho Bpsip .TIN OH H Tenepb oTKa*eTcB OT cywecTBermix ero nano*enka "FlamclIner *e naBcerpa coxpanwr 3na4e
HHe, He KaK PICTOpPIA pyCCKON *NBOIThal XIX BeKa, a KaK ApKaA N TanaH TlINBaA CTpaHPILW H3 PICTOpHH pyccKoro nckyccTaa N pyccKoll 3CTeTPIKPI
CBOé
KOHLId ael3ATHaqUaroro Bela.
B
*e npm6A143nTe.nbno BpCMA nponcxopnT riaine 3HaKOMCTBO C CO cppanny3cKoil JurrepaTypoil.
B rnmna3m4ecKylo 3110Xy Halll Kpy*ok 6b1.11 y*e /10B0J1bH0 HaLINTaH.
Ho TaK cka3aTb, B "o61lrenpn31iarmoil AnTeparrype". Y BeHya 6buin onpepe.TICHFIble cumnanin K Hoffmann'y, Zola, 3prap Flo N gp. OH y*e em6;ipair
micaTe.nell no cBoemy BKycy, lian6onee nopxopnBiunx K ero ewe ma_no
CO3HaHHUM met-tem-1Am. Ho CaMbIN shi6op nponcxopn.n B 6n.nnoTeKe
"K.naccmKoB". Tenepb *e, c nofirs.nenmem B naine›.4 Kpyry noBoro Anta.
Charles Bidé,' B nani "noncenneninA o6nxort" nonna Flosci:man cppanuy3cKan .nwrepaTypa. 3To 6u.no B 1891 ropy, 3~010 *e 1892/93 ropa Birlé
CTaHOBPITCA 3aBcerparraem ► auiero kpy*ka. OH qiiTan Hapacnea Verlaine'a,
Rimbaud, Retté. PaccKa3biBap o Ma.n.napm3, no3nakomn.n trae c Le Mercure
de la France, la Plume. BIINAIIIIC ero 661/10 xpaTkoapemennoe, HO no-Brummomy O4eub CPUlbH0e. DTO
MOVIX rincem K BeHya OT 1894
r. H3 3arpannubi. A 4NTan Torpa Maurice Barrés'a "L'ennemi des lois", "Sous
l'oeil des barbares" N paccy>Krian ua Tcmy o "Culte du MOP".2
B cTporom cMWCAe CJ10Ba. KaK
OflATb TaKPI 3T0 ne 6b1J10
Kfflira MyTepa nHlllb nogrBegatina ornoineline BeHya K ncKycc -rBy, Bbipa60TaHHOe FIM PHITyPITNB110 N CaMOCTOATeilbH0, TaK *e noBefiwasi cppari11513CKaA .nuTepaTypa una npocro naBcTpegy Tomy geKaaeHrcKomy
ylcnony, KOTOpb111 HCCOMIIC11110 y*c TaPIJICA B Kpy)KKe, ripaspa, enlé non
cnypom. Torpa erat ne ronoppuat o peKapenTerBe Fl CPIMBOAN3MC B pycCKOR ANTepaType. 06a ICLICI11451 Is xaarkilieckom cmemennvn rIp0ABIITIFICb
novinee. CriaLlanq B "Mnpe HcKycciaa", a 3aTem B "Bexax" N "HoBom IlyTH", rpe Ha4aJlaCb ita.>Ke 6opb6a. C ReKaRenTernom, BO NMA CPIMBOJIN3Ma.
3TO
apemermoR
1 OH
c.ny*u.n 130 <t pailuy3cKom Kolicy.ribcTne.
B
1893 roity nepeseaéu B Be-
Hy, me si ero noce -run B IIOASpe mecsuie, upoemom B Hnuuy, a BeHya B 1894. B
1899 rofty ero nepeBown- B MocKBy. A c 1900 roga OH HCrle3aeT H3 Hawero
ropshouTa. 4epe3 nero B Kpy*oK beilya aotué.ri H A. H. HypoK, mrpaauistP1 manywo ponti B penaKuum *ypria.na "NI[vip] HicKyccmar.
2 0-rme4y, 1 1TO Torna *e si lipoma ruiepnbie Jenseits von Gut und Bése Huutue.
MOH 1114CbMa K beliya 1101111W BLIIIHCK3M1,1 1,13 111411111e H fIbBa TOACTOr0.
288
AmmTpmit elninoco0oB
B 1908 rony, BymecnaB 11BaHOB ("30J10T0e PyHo", NN! 111-IV) OMCHb
pemompiposan 3TOT cnop CJIaB51 H mexcny co6oh. B CTaTbe "aBe CTH XHH B cospemeHHom CHMB0J1H3Me". 1103L(Hee, ozi onpeneneHHo 3a$I1 PITO
SICHO
"He MMeeT 11H HcTopHtiecKoro, HI4 HneanorugecKoro OCHOBaHHA C0eAHHATb
CBOé meno C nenom (l)paHuy3cKmx CHMBOJIHCTOB" (Tpynbi H Thili 1912 N.1! 1).
Ho B "noNcToprzlzecKylo" 3noxy, TaK0r1 nmarHo3 6bin, KOHel-IHO, HeMbIC _rum. 3T0 6bzn nepHon nepsHimofi HHTerpauHH Bcex xyno*ecTsemmix H
AHTepaTypHbzx CHJ1, BIACTy111111111HX COBMeCTHO Ha 60pb6y C rocnoncTBoBaBUIHM 110311THBH3MOM, H CB513aH11b1M C HHM HaTypanH3mom, Ha 6opb6y
npoTHB TelineHufflo3noro HCKyCCTBa Ha 3a111 liTy Juitmoro, HrinHBHnyanbHoro TBoptzecTaa, 3a KyllbT CDopm, KpaCKH 14 CJ10Ba, KaK TaKoBoro.
"MHp HcKyccTFsa" ogemb 51pK0 oTpa*an 3TOT npouecc nepBHLiHon 1411 BeKJ1HH H I1et16nb, Bepncnefi H CTehunezi, CepoB H BannoToH, Terpaui.
COMOB 14 MaJIABHH 110.11 1330BaJINCb Tam "pasHonpaBHem”. B miTeparypHom
*e oTnene pa6oTanH IllecTon 14 Mepe*KoacKHfi, MHHCKIlti H I- Hnnuyc,
Aunpell benbtk H Po3azzoB, BCe ricaTenH, KoTopme BpemeHno COLUI 14Cb Ha
o6u1em nepeKpécTKe, Ansi Toro, 4To6bz, npoBBHB ce6A, pa3B14B L(0 KOHIla
BnocnencTBHH pa3o0THcb. Pa3neneitHe wno no HecKonbKFIM n 1HNAM, HO rpy6o rOBOpM, neKaftel-ITCTBO H CHMBOJIH3M flOBOJIbH0
TOLIHO HamegazoT 111 1 1 1410 Bonopa3i-tena.
CBOH 110TeHLIIIH,
Tenepb, KOrna 3Ta HenaBlzasz 3noxa oTowna y*e B HcTopHio, "nHarnerKo. Ho TorRa o nem Hever° Buil° H nymaTb. Torea
Meli npouecc co6HpaHHA TB0pLleCKHX CHJI. Haf(0 6b1J10 NATII KaK 6bi Ha H03" flOCTaBHTb
oulynb, H npe*ne Bcero HaziTH camoro ce6A.
rloKa3aTenem pamiornacHR H pa3HOMbICTI14R Toro BpemeHH cny*aT
nHcbma BeHya 1897-98 ronoB. Ero "Kpy*oK" 6bin KpattHe Clia51H, He
npy*ecKtimm oTnoweinumH, HO 14 0611114M11 cTpemney*e HametzaeTcA HeKoTopasz
ruiclupepewmawisz. B H IiTNMHON npy*ecKofi 6eCepe, B HHTHMHblX, manoCO3HaTenbliblX CTOIIKHOBeIHISIX y*e flpenBetualo -rcsi noutHezialme CTOJIKHO TOJIbKO 11144Hb1MH,
HHAMH, HCKaHHAMLI. Of1HaKO, B 3TPIX fIHCbMaX
BeI11451 —
IV. 1- 02b1 COCPELIOTOLICIIHR (1895-1899)
KaK A y*e roBopHn, B suiRape 1895 roga Benya nenaeTcA "xpaHHTenem"
xyno*ecTBenuoro co6pazmu KH. M. K. TeiniweBcKofi, H oceriblo Toro *e
roga oH nepecensieTcsi BO ctipallW410, rne ocraérrcu BFLTIOTb 40 1899 roga.
3a 3T0 Bpemu OH rippie3*aeT B FleTep6ypr _TIMM) f1Ba paia, 14 TO Ha KOpOT K0e
BpemB. B rialzane 1897 r. H B nagane 14 B Kotme 1898 r.
I0Hoifieciale roabi A.neKcampa BeHya
289
3TH TPH rana ripe6binamin 3arpaHnuell otieub cephé3Hbin 3Tan B )KH3HH
benya. rlepexon OT 10110CT11 K my*ecTny, nepmon cocpenaromennn H CO 611paHHA CHJ1. OCTaBaACb no npe*Hemy pa3HOCTOpOHHHM H mnororparmum,
BeHya B 3TH ronbi yna_nenkin H3 pannoil cpenbi oco6enno mnoro pa6oTaeT,
KaK npoOeccnonair-xyaommoc. KaK Mbl BlifieJ114,
ero Tonapnw H npyr,
eulé nownt Mallb4HKOM, onpene.mtn CBOh *143HeHHbIll
Kpyr, H H3 wecToro Knacca rnmnamin nepewd.n B AKanemino Xyno*ecTn.
BeHya *e TOIlbK0 Tenepb npenancn ncxycc -rny, Kat< pemec.ny.
KOHCTaHTHH COMOB,
Cablo co6oti pa3ymeeTcn, 4TO 14 £10 OTbe3,na 3a rpaHnuy OH pa6aran
Ha 3TOM nonpmwe. 21(a*e BbICTaBJIAJ1. Ero 3HaKOMCTBO C KH. M. K. TerinweBOVI nporno ► no Ha 3T02 110 1-Me, H Si *14B0 nomnio, KaK MW panona.nmcb,
)(orna neKoTopue H3 ero neweil, rIOCTallneHHble 11M Ha aKnape.nbnyto Bbl CTaBKy, 6b1J1H
Kynnenbl KaK013-TO He113BeCTHOC1 HaM noKynaTenbnnnen. Ho
6bI.T1 c -ryziernom, KOTOpb111 mnoro 06111a11CA, HO He n36pa.n
BCé - TaKH BeHya
enté *H311e11HOR npocpeccnn.
coseptneHno He nameperi BXOnliTb B ouenKy BeHya, KaK xyno*FmKa.
3T0 nanaloT B HaCTOAIlleM c6op11nKe npyrne. Ho npnn J1H KTO 6yneT co
muori cnopwrb, eCJI14 51 cKa*y, 4TO /1144HOCTb BeHya ne BMernaeTcsi B pamKax npoepeccHonana-xyno*mtKa. Oli npe*ne ncero 60nbinan Ky.nbTypHan
CH11a. Ero pa3HOCTOpOHHOCTb — oprannliecKoe CBOACTBO ero naTypu.
nponan*an nepnon "i-tenermi-1NA", csmuncom nanro npe6mBasi B 3noxe "Wanderjahre", on 6ecco3HaTenbno n0/1411HATICA KaKomy-To
nnyTpenHemy HHCTHHKTy, nancKa3bwaffluemy eMy, LiTo npemn orpaHmtatTb
ce6n enté He ripziano. OH *af1110 B611pall B ce6n nneliaT.nerin, 3HaHH51, KaK
6b1 Bbl*HPa51 cnoero Ltaca. TaM BO clipanwin, OH nponan*a_n y41 ,1TbC51 14
cmarperb, n3y4a.n namsurnuKu ncKycerna, anonom, He 3a6b3an 4T0 OH
HCKyCCTBeHHO
ynoennem npenancn H xyno*ecTnenHomy pemec.ny. "B onpannanne cnoero mantiannn", — ruican OH
mne 113 HopmalinnH, "CKa>Ky, 4T0 6bIlla BCé BpeMA n0 ceronnn //11BHa51 norona, H A, KaK HaAmnT, pa6ara_n c 6 yrpa ,n0 8 BeLlepa, a 3aTem 3anannVICTOpHK. nOTOM *e OH C KaKI1M - TO OCO6b1M
BaJTCA cnaTb..." (15. IX. 98). A not-mi 3a ron nepen TeM OH El11Ca.11:
>Ke KacaeTcn no pORHFIbl, TO 011a einé He TAHeT. 3,neCb 51 tiyacTsylo ce6n
BeJ1HKOJler1H0 H He npoLlb 6b1.11 61,1 OCTaTbCA einé rari, OCO6eHHO TaK KaK
3aTeAll ue.nylo cepkno KapTHH, maTepna.nu T111A KOTOpOh y MeHA 6b1J111 6b1
3/1eCb ROA pyKoR, a B neTep6ypre OTCyTCTBOBa1111 6W" (noc.nenHne iinana
neKa6ps 1897 r.).
OnHy "cepkno" OH y>Ke 3aKa114nina.n. B sninape 1893 r. Ha yerpoennofi
fbirftrienbim B my3ee 6apona WTHrJIHL(a Bb1CraRKe "pyccKnx H 1)H11J151HaCKHX
xyno*nnKon" OH flOCTaBHJI nepBble CBOH "Bepca.nbcKne" senni.
290
,LIMHTpMR ci ,14.110000013
KOHe4H0, Bbln,n51 H3 nerep6yprcKoR ToBapHalecKoPi H pOnCTBeHHOn
cpenu, 5enya lieCKOJIbK0 0111a1111.11CA OT HaC; CBA3b C 1111M nonnep*HBanacb nepenHcKoit Y mensi non pyKoPi TOJIbK0 MOA nepenHcKa C HI1M, HO H
no Heti BHRHO, 4TO "pa6oTasi KaK HanMHT", co3naBasi fl.naH 06umpHbix xyno*ecTBeribix pa6oT, 5enya BCé - TaKI4 TOMHIICA nyxom, BCé BpeMsI HCKaJ1
H He HaxonHn.
nHcan OH mile, "HO Nine HHOrna Ka*ercA, 4TO 51
"...BoIocb CKa3aTb",
HHLiero
6onbine
ne
prends au sérieux. 3T0 TOCKJIHBO, HO 3T0 Ka11HKOr0 H
)KeTCSI TaK! A cKopee HeT, 51 apy! Y MeHA rne-To B rnyanie Bcé *e euié
4TO-TO CHAHT, KaKOn - TO Or0HéK, H Si He Tepsno Hane*nbi, 4TO OH rimi
6naronpHATimix 06CTOATeJlbCTBaX pa3ropHTcsi, corpeeT MeHA H OCBeTHT
MOn Aanbuenuimil >KH3HeHHbln nyTb. Ho Tenepb ero CJIHWKOM MaJ10 H y
MeHA Ha nyme cymepKH. OT(HaKO, cKynaTb A BCé *e He CKy4alo. flpHTom
*e y MeHA eCTb 06A3aHHOCTb H ReATellbHOCTb. 11 3TO OTIIHLIHO pa3BneKaeT, HO He yTewaeT, TaK KaK mano no many cHoBa Hal-amalo EIHTaTb
Hane*ny, 4TO BCé Ha CBeTe, a cnenoBaTenblio H Si, He 6e3 CMbICJ1a... Pa3
HaBcerna 51 *ejlall 6b1 3HaTb, 3a 4TO MbI ce6B mytiaem? Kim y HaC eCTb
*H3Hermbie Hneanw, HJIH y Hac HX HeT. Ecnn HeT, TO H npeKpaCHO. 5pocHm
Boo6we 014eHHBaTb nocTynKH, H y*e BO BCAKOM cnyttae ce6B He mytiaTb.
ECJI11 *e eCTb, TO KaKHe *e? OTLiero B HaC TaK0e HeROBOJIbCTBO CaMHMH
co6on?"
,Llanbine benya H3naraer CBOH penHrHomibie Hneanbi H COMHeHHA H
KoHLiaeT CBOH 4914.110C041CKHe pa3MLIWIICHHA cnenylowHmH, KpailHe nnm
Hero xapaKTepHumki cnoBamH: "Bo*e! KaKasi Lienyxa! 14 4TO nonno, TaK
3T0 TO, 4TO 51 H oTKpoBetieH, H B TO *e Bpemsi nio6ylocb Tem, 4TO TaK Kypbé3H0 arKpoBeneHl BbIXOnVIT, 4TO 51 no3Hpylo, roaopsi npocTo! Bnpovem,
gépT C 3THM! ABOCb Bupocry, oKpenily H roana KaK 8 4eTCTBE 3 6yny
npocTum, 6e3 1-1031,1! A 3T0r0 xoTen 6W /106HTbCA" (16/28 mapTa 1897 r.).
CnoKohHo ripoBecnt RO KOHLIa r10110>KeHHb1n cpoK no6poBonbHoro 13 rnaHHA — Beriya OrMaK0 He ripHinnoch. Ero neTeptyprcKHe npy3b5 3aTe31 meno, *ypHan "MHp licKyccTBa".
J1HOBe
3anymaH OH 6bIJI neTom, 1897 r., nocne nepBoR, ycTpoeHHoiA AsirHneBb1M, BbICTaBKH aHrnHficnix H HemeuKHK aKBape1111CTOB c(periplanb1, 1897 r.)
H nepen CKaHAHHaBCKOn BbICTaBKOn B 3allaX 016111eCT1Ba FloompeHHA xyno*ecTB (ocerib 1897 r.).
B Havane 1898 r. KaK pa3, Korna beHya 6bin B fleTep6ypre, meno y*e
6bI.TIO Ha ma3H H 18 mapTa 1898 r. (y*e nocne-oTbe3na BeHya) 6b1/1110A1 -111 -
3 Kypciin mon. ,,a[mHTpHill 41tiiioco<Poni.
10nowecKme ronbi AJICKCaffapa óettya
291
caH H3flaTellbCKHR jjoroaop c C. H. MaMOHTOBWM 14 M. K. TeHmllesoh. Be3
6.nkmailwero H HenocpencTBetworo yqacTHs BeHya *ypHa.n 6bz.n npocTo
HeMbIC/1HM. OfinaKO, beliya BOIIIWÌ B Hero He cpa3y, H 13F1J10Tb RO BeCH61
1899 roma, }corna. oli BepHy.ncsi Ha ponnly, cmoTpen Ha Hero HeCK011bK0
CO CTOpOlibl.
Ero Ayula 6Wna euié 3a rparinek. B FleTep6ypr OH nnWb Hae3>Ka.n (8
csoen ponti "xpaHHTens" eroe lie pa3ysepH.ncs), a masHoe OH eine TBroTe.n
K HeKoTopomy cocpeaorovetwomy ormovecTsy. OH He 3axpenwn 3a CO60n npno6peTémioe 3a rpaliHneil, 60S1J1051 paCTepATb ce6s. KaK-TO un CTHHKTHBHO, B nepHoR TaopvecKoil pa6oTbi, — OH xoTen pa36pacbisaTbcs.
>KypHa.n H mamn ero H nyra.n. OH npHine.n RJIA BeHya He TO CJIHWKOM paHO, He TO CJIHWKOM 1103/1HO. Bo BCAKOM c.nyvae, ne Bo-Bpems. KpoMe
Toro, KaK mute Tenepb Ka*eTCA, eMy Tpy,c1Ho Uno nepeRTH OT OTHOIlleHl4r1
Apy*ecloix H ToBapHuiecimx, K OTH011leHHAM fle/108b1M. OH tlyscTsosa.ri
ce6s norwaroaneHnee Bcex HaC R.TIA pyKoBoricTBa *ypna.nom, HO B3ATb
Ha ce6B 3T0 pyKOBOACTBO Ile uor H Ile XOTell. Xe.ne3Has 3HeprHB, opraHH3aTopcKHe Cf100061 IOCTI1 ilArHIleBa eCTeCTBeHHO riaBami eMy B pyKH
"nepByio CKpunKy". BeHya 3Ty "CKpHFIKy" IlpH3HaBall OXOTHO, HO no CaM0 my CB0171CTBy CBOeh HaTyphi 60A/ICA BCAKOr0 "Ha*Hma". BilaCTb, Heo6xo-
Twmas npH BeReHHH BcsKoro aula, Ka3anacb eMy RecnoTH3mom. x-le.noBeK
HHTHMHb1
no npeumyulecT13y, OH ;44or BecTH 3TO Reno JIHWb coo6n1a, no
TOBapHIlleCKH, HO Torna eMy c.ne,noBa.no OCTaTbCA B fleTep6ypre, nero OH
011ATb TaKH ne XOTell H He mor. nO3TOMy B nepBbirt roj cyulecTsosatnis
*ypHa.na oTHonienHe BeHya 6bino K Hemy ABORCTBeHli0e, B q eM OH H CaM
npH3Hasaficsi. TOJIbK0 C nepece.neHmem CBOHM B FleTep6ypr (HanomHHaio,
IleTep6ypr sepHy.ncs X3/110)1(111« BeHya, TBeRno cTaBarHR Ha liOrH),
wrrepechi "MHpa MCKyCCTBa", TaK CKa3aTb "KO>KHO"
r10 1IyBCTBOBall ero 3HatieHHe H pully.ncs C rOJI0B0FI B Ty ocTpylo no.nemktKy (Hanp. C PenuImIM), KoTopas Tenepb KaAercsi y*e iiberwundener Standpunkt'oM, Ho Torna Hmena CBOC 6o.nbisoe 3HalleHme. PeRaKTHposatme *e
"Xyno*ecTBeimbix COKp0B1111.1 Poccuu" (KoTopue B11 OCJICACTBHH cry6H.n
ikapHan KpaKoB) ,naBa.no Hcxon /VIA HCKOI I I IOR noTpe6HocTH B "HcTopmoxy,no*ecTBeHHom BO3rIenCTBH1,1". YflOpHO 14 MeT0411LIHO, BO3p0*AaJI OH B
POCCHH 3a6HTbiFt H liaX0/114BWHIICA 8 npeule6pe>KeHHH pyCCKHh XVIII BeK. 4
'1TO B
OH BOUlle/1 1.1eJ1HKOM B
Cmeumo no,aymam, HO HNICHHO acero KaKHX HH6y,ab nsITHLatta -rh IICT Tomy
Hamm, 6naromapsi KneKcaHapy 5enya, MW nnepute wrnsmynm xy,a(»KeurBetiHbIMH r.na3amH Ha Be.I1HKOO Hac.nenHe neTep6yprcKoro nepHo,aa pyceKort MOTO pHil.
292
,4MHTpHR OHAOCOGPOB
"MHpe HckyccTBa" OH 60pOJICA 3a ceracgmwmti ReHb, pactmwan
nopory cBo6onHomy HcxyccTsy.
Ho ace 3TO 6boo y*e nonce. /10 BecHba 1899 rana /iena 06CTOAJIH
HHave. H TO.T1bK0 non Hanopom rApy*ecxmx yBewaHH2, 6ecKoHetifibix
cem, nanHbix npocb6, manenHR, ynpeKOB H T. n., BeHya nocTeneHHo Hayan
BXOT(HTb B HuTepecw "MHpa HcKyccTBa".
B nHcbme OT 30 mapTa 1898 r. A H3Bewan BeHya O TOM, IATO *ypHan
"yHpe*AeH" H 6yReT Bb1X0f1HTb C oceHH. KoHxpeTHocTeti noia. HHKaKHX
HeT. 3aTeM A coo611(a.n, IATO BbICTaBKa "Pycciffix H CPHHAAHTICKHX xyao*HHKOB" 3axpbutacb, nas 1500 py6.nert y6brrxy. "01-la HaM nana MH01-0 BparoB,
mican A, HO TaK *e H 4py3eri. 0,cm H3 camblx CHMIlaTHIIH131X, 3T0 6eccnopHo CepoB (C KOTOpb1M, KeTaTH CKa3aTb, MW Ree Bb1I1HJIH 6pyRepwacir.
MHe Ka)KeTcsr — OH Hall)".
Ceposa co Bcex cTopon nonpexamm 3a Rimanile c nexaneHTamm. Ho
Tenepb, Si C 110JIHIAM npaso mory CKa3aTb, IATO B Te BpemeHa OH 6b1J1
rIeRCTB14TeJlb110 Halll. CTapIlle IlaC, Ilenoseg apyroro r1OKOIleHHA, apyron
6Horpacimm, Oti mor-6b1 orparnigHTbcfi OTIHHM COI-lyBCTBHeM 14 noompeHHem.
H 3a 3T0 Mb! 6b1/111 6b1 emy 6e3mepHo 6.naranaprwi. Ho OH BceR nyWOti BO Hawm HuTepecu, cne.na.ncn HawHm paBHonpaanum ToBapHwem. OH
inén B
HaCT011bK0 CLIHTaJI *yplian "CBOHM", IATO Korna K1 -1. M. K. TeHHweBa B
*ypHa.ne "pa3o4apoBa.nacb" (IATO c.nyintnocb otieHb cxopo, B nepBbni *e
r)2j H34aHHAL a C. N. MaMOHTOB pa3opH.ncsi, 14 TaKHM o6pa3om HOBOMy Jje
.ny rpo3H.na npe*Ttespemermasi Kont-ma, CepoB, no co6cTeeinoR iffotwiaTfiBe, Bux.nonoTan *ypHany npaBHTenbcTBerwyx) cy6cHamo H Tem camum
o6ecnezmn ero cywecTBoBaHHe. Becb Hall xpy*ox, no camoti KOHLIHHbI
He3a6BeHHoro BaJleHTI4Fla, HJ1H "AIITOHa", KaK ero novemy-To 3BaJ1H, nHTa.n
HeMy camyto He*Hyko J11060Bb.
B nHcbme OT 17/29 HIOHS1 1898 r. 51 BB0411J1 Bellya y*e B xypc Haunix
*yprianbribix Refi. H3Benta.n ero o HavaBweiicsi "6opb6e napniti", 6opb6e
".neBbix" C "npasume.
"JleBbie", TaK CKa3aTb, 1-111CTble fleKarleHTb1 H 3arIar(HHKFI XOTeJIH HaT11
Hanpanom. Tpe6oBa.m4, iiTo6b1 y*e nepaufl Bunycx *yptia.na 6bLn Bb1361 HacTaHBa.nH, LIT061,1 B Hem 6WJIH nomeweHEJ pa6oTu BeRn- Ba/014M.OH
c.neti, BaJ1J10T0Ha, KOTOpble Tenepb Ka*yTcst "HeBHHHb1M11", a Torna, )21)151
HHTeJ1JIHreHT11011 TOJIllb1, Ka3a.T1HCb KaKHMH - TO Hyruiwamm. Ymepermbie *e,
K IAHCny 11X nprmaane*an H Si, nacTaHBarni Ha H3BeCTHOM komnpomHcce, H,
xpome Toro, BbIABHraJ1H HailHoHa.nbubiR 3.TleMeHT pyccxoro HCKyCCTBa,
BCAlleCKH 110011IpAJIH mananylo "mocKoBcxylo" WKOny (HecTepos, MaJn)THH, FlaTICHOBa, KOHCTIa11TI4H1 Kopomm H ap.).
A
B
WHOIlleCKHe
raam
AfleKCaH,apa Betlya
293
ansi Toro, 4TO6b1 C,C1ellaTb 110HATHOF1 1103111411 IO beitya, N B 4aCTHOCT14
ero tutTepectime 1111CbMa, KoTopme 51 npnBo*y Fin*e, A BbIHY* nal npnBecTit 14 lieCK011bK0 CaMbIX KOPOTKHX OTPbIBKOB 143 CBOVIX nncem K
06bACHHTb
nemy.
anomie CO311a10", rincasi A, " 4ITO B Konne KOHHOB nac He ynoBIleTBONAT 1114KaK02 >Kypita.n. HO ecim Mb1 peuntrin HaLlaTb noBoe H3J1aHHe,
TO nano kinTit Ha 3T0,, 143 nero *e c.nenyeT, LITO Mb( rinem Ha KOMnpo*ecToKkie cnopb( nnyT y nac 143 - 3a Bacnettosa 14 K°.
ero onenb 'temo 3a TO, LITO RI1A mensi OTKpbIllaCb B pyccKom HCKYCCTBe
MHCC...
pentirno3no-xyno*ecTBennas), KOTOPaA,
6.naronapB r.nynocni CracoBa, 6b1Jla 4.1151 MeHA coBepaienno 3aKPbITa.
Tenepb, 1106b1BaB B MOCKBC, 51 YBHaaJI BCé B 11110M cBeTe. Flpe*ne Bente
nystrincb CTaCOBCKHC neryinKn 14 rpe6einKti. Tenepb *e A 14X ne 3amenato.
113 3T0r0 BOBCC Ile c.nenyeT, 'TO 17p0H3Befiel1142 BaCHeL(OBa
TaKaA CT0p011a (ReRCTBHTellbH0
3aTeM nneT ripocb6a BbICKa3aTbCA no cyinecTBy, a r.naettoe, rOTOBHTb
)Kypita.na.
CTaTbH T1n51
Ha 3TO beHya OTBeTHJ1
06111Nplib1m nncbmom OT 5-ro 1410J151.
Tpkt Tomy na3an — nnuleT OH — A 6penkut O *ypna_ne N nany4a.11 Be.nmKoe KOJIWICCTBO TaKOBblX. HO C Tex riop, c onnoh CTOPOHbl,
*ypilasibi cyniecTBylonute mne onponmenn, a c apyrort (14 Bc.nencTBne
Toro) A ox.nanen K camon MbICnN o6 H3fIaHHH wypita.na. Forcément *ypna.n
eCTb 0110111.11CHHC. Ho B TO >Ke BpemA 51 ne narmen 3a6b1BaTb, LITO eCTb
"rOna
mononbie xyno*mnai (11 CTaPb1C), KOTOPIAM 3T0 noKa)KeTcsi onenb
rmulen H KOTOPLIM 0110 mo*er ripitilecTH 11011b3Y. 1103TOMy, A
11P11H14H1114331b110 3a *ypna.n. HO OT 3T0r0 110 TeI1J10r0 K HCMY OTHO1lleHHA
naneKo. bynb A B HeTep6ypre, C BaMH, pa3ymeeTc51,
110f4 yna-
MORH,
BKyC110171
pamkt ne6aToB (une belle image!) pacKosioncA Obt. Ho 3necb, Bnalut or Bac,
KpcnneT... Tenepb 4aCTubl Bonpoc o BactiettoBe. Pa3ymeeTcB, A 6bIII npaB, KOrga OTHCCCA cKenTnnecKiT K I1HCbMY BaIIH4KH, 5 4TO
TbI C Cepe*en 6 B BocTopre OT BaCHeljOBa. 113 Taoero 11 HCbMa BH*Y, LITO
Il e/1 TOJ1CTeCT H
Tenepb 4YBCTBY10, 4T0 BO spemsi 6einenux CHOPOB
pa311op: TbI
RO Toro, LITO roBopminb, tITO B
BocTopre OT BactieitoBa, a HTO clapaHLIS3CKFle Nnn IOCTpaTOpw 61-0paelb,
HyBe.nb-*e coBepinenno oxanBaer BacnenoBa H BHIWT cnacenme nNmb BO
RO Boceropra
BbIXOnliT BCAKHR
rOBOPHT B 3TY MI4 ilyTy IICKP941110, BCC BeflÚTC51 K 10My, 4T06b1 nepeKpwiarb Apyr npyra. H 51
BCCB03MO*1 IbIX CKYPHI1 131 1HKaX. 1111 TOT ITH Apyrofi He
5 HyBe.T1b.
6 1j51ritnen.
,ammipma
294
liatuero
011.17000CPOB
y BaC 3BOHOK? Y MeHA einé CO pyKax notrreiniaro cniiKepa BaKCTa
OKa3al1 CTOJIbKO ycnyr ne3a6Beintomy 06inecrity camoo6pa3oBanuu (50*e!)...Bcero 6o.nbine mytiaer menu, Hy*H0 J1H BaM, T.e. BO3MO*Hbl JIH [VIA
*yptia.na pa3roBopu O CTap0M, T. K. A TOJIbKO 3THM Tenepb cepbé3no 3aunrepecoBan. ,a03BOJIbTe, IIT06b1 A 11epnan maTemimi:4 posi CBOHX crarefi
He TOJIbKO B CaJ10Hax H Studio, HO H TaM, rTie A ripe6b3aio c HaH6011bll1HM
BO BCCM BH11 10
ECTb JIH
xpanwricsi TOT, KOT0pb1 B 011bITI1b1X
nac.na*nenttem. CKa*y ria*e no COBeCT11, tiro Ca_non N Studio mite 6e3ymno naTioe.nu N nucaTb mite o Senape cuti llioance neT 1111KaKI1X
BR06aBOK, nucaTb O cospemennocTux mite, coBepwennomy xmo*nincy,
nokoe!). BCAKaA 6patm 6y/ter mrie oTnecena K
xBana K ToBapuuteckilm tISTBCTBaM.
H 3riecb A lieLlaAHHO flOrlaJ1 eind Ha ofiny nputirtny X0J1041-101- 0 OTHOIlleHHA
K nitcankno. 3T0 HMelit 10 TO, LITO A CaM xyrio*iittK (xarn 6W apAHHOfi, He B
3TOM Reno)...
HejlOBKO (OCTaBb nne4N B
CaM006011b1IICHH10 141111 3aBHCTH, BCAKaA
06o6utan, npnxowy K c.neayioutemy BuBoriy. Boo6ute si "yiué.n
rianbuie" iiirre.ruirewritoil Tonnbl. To tiro eit Hirrepecno, — rosi menu fade,
e -rapo, nepe*(Bato, me*ny rem si eine ne ,noinéli (14 rtofiny )1H, 60J1b111011
Bonpoc) ,no T011 BepWNIlbi , arKyria 51 mory BH,E1eTb BWCIDNe HCTI4Hbl, KO Tophie mne pana 6b1 H C1111b1 o HHX roBopirrb. Tenepb A B 06J1aKaX, B Tymane, nutiero Kpome ce6B canoro (a A can newro Becbma xaoTittiecKoe) He
Bit*y, a 110,C1HOCHT12 Ce6A canoro ny6JlHKe — MHe Ka)KeTcu H 5/1111311TeflbNUM, 11 eperilium, H 6e3o6pa3iium B TOM Rime, B KaKOM Tenepb naxo*ycb.
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xotiy 61,1Tb xygo*ecrBeinium cl)pe6e.nem, a e -1am PeCKHHb1M 1411H Ra*e Ha(mo*eT 6b1Tb, "noKaMecT", Rarl bor) CHJ1, allyTPCHHer0
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y6e*fleHHA, 13£10XHOBelIVIA. XoTb IlyTaHHO, HO ace *e
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pii*, 3a CB010 yeall 101 11 iy10 pa6oTy xyaoxaniKa. Mnorue *e 113 ero onaceHH2 OKa3aIIHCb npopotiecKiimit.
10HOIlleCKHC roam A.neKcampa Beriya
295
KaK TOJIbK0 OH ilaulaJI 1114CaTb, H npwrom omenb awroptiTeTno, TaK IATO
Ra*e sparii nomyacTaoaann B HCM C14.11Y, Ha nero 110CbIllaJIHCb 06B11FICHHA
Ero xsane6nue cTaTbn o Comose
Bpy6e.ne Bb13BaJ114 HaCTOAL113/10 6yplo. Bce, Komy 6b1.no He Jlelib, ROKa3b1 Benya pYKOBORIITCA HCK1110411TejlbH0 ItyBCTBOM JIH4H011 apy*-BaJIH,ATO
6b1. A nountee, CTa/114 neRoymeaaTb, KaK 3T0 "xyno*nnK" mo*er KPI4TH KOBaTb caoio 6PaTHFO. OH, M011, ncex pyraeT, a ero HMKTO TPOHYTb He
cmeeT. 3TH rpyernbie HallanK14 nporlo.n*afoTcsi, yabi! J10 CHX nop.
B KYMOBCTBe, B 11P14CTPaCTI111, B 3aBI4CT14.
14
Tenepb A }manne nonnmalo Torganntero BeHya N ero nctaanoritto. HO B TO apemst ero 1114CbM0 0111C110M14/10 He TO.TIbK0 MeHA, HO 14 BeCb
natii Kpy)KOK. Mbl 3aRapkulit Kainy, lie comneaasch B nomonw beHya, 3apanee ee y4llTblBaJ111. 11 aiipyr pacKnc", CTall "MaPTHH,E(OKCTBOBaTb".
rIHCbMO moe or 2/14 Vlionsi 1898 r., orpa*aiontee, Konemno, nacTpoeH1451 acero Kpy)KKa, 1101110 ynpéKoa, oT4aAH14A , 06BHFICHH11, yMa1l4BaH14171
HaJ(e)lq 113 OTBeTa Beilya BHJUIO, IATO OH ne 143MCHHJI cytnectsenno caoeR
n03munti, HO BCC - TaKH Hall' 061111142 BOFIllb ero 110TpAC.
"Hy 1311H0BaT - 1111 51 B TOM", — nnineT OH 9/21 1110)1A, "IATO roaopio
npaarly? Befjb 3T0 *e ne napagoKc, IATO MkIKCIlb Ann*ano He mturan
*ypnanoa, 14 IATO *ypna.rnA 1l0 nopojwin MliKe.T1b AnroKano. Bbl *e camn
nnunTre mne, IATO B MOCKBe 11a111.1111 ne.nue 3aJIC*14 Xy)10>KHHKOB, cae*nx
turepectibix. 01114 TaK *e AB141111Cl> 6C3 *ypila.noa. TaK*e H Walter Crane
Morris H npyrne. Ho si *e cam ne crany orplinarb, 14T0 *ypnan aeutb
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H neaepowrimm, IATO 3.1111)10 14 myttnno".
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mettre sous le nez 3TOT Bonpoc, O KOTOpOM Si 3a6b1.11, 14 K KOT0p0My norepSIJI ornotuenne, 4TO6b1 BO mne crioaa 3aroaopkinn craphie coo6pa*ennsi...
Ho apri 3TOM acnommtaerca mne Pan 14 ero Kpax (a xopowne mena 6binn
me*Ry ero corpyRimKamw, acnomimaerca Savoy H ero Kpax (nono*nm,
flOVéTHbilf) 14 Torna A Hatninaio iieRoaeptinao cmorperb na nani *ypnan,
oco6enno eC.T111 noitymaeam, OT CKOJIbKNX moria,' OH 3aBHCHT H VTO 3T11
nioRn OT nero XOTAT. Hy, CJIOBOM, 6acra HepemnaRbi, COMHeHHA H BCAKaA
BCALII4Fla. Ballai nncbma mensi BeTpAXHy1114... H ne OTKa3b1BaACh OT MOHX
CJIOB, LITO *ypna.n lie nopoRnr MHKellb AHR*e./10, 51 C pBeHHeM nimmycb
3a Reno.
Pe3lomnpysi caoe COCTOAHHe B nagane nuneuniero nera 14 renepb,
cKa*y, LITO RO Rami« rincem A 6b1j1 OTILIellbHHKOM H 3rOHCTOM, Tenepb *e
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51 ne "pacKkic", A ettié onenb *HB011
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VTO Komnpomnccos ne Juo6Juo, HO RonycKaio, 3T0 BCé - TaK11 OCTaéTCA.
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aeJlaTb, eCIIN 51 °L'INVII° Malo 999/1000, Koropue npottryr Hall' *yptian
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c macco11, N
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10HOWCCKFle roqm AneKcampa Beriya
297
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fia>Ke WyrnHBWN. Bktinio, LITO Oypst y.nernacb. "Ilertaror-npocpeccop" npktmktplmcsi e "xyao*kinKom-kniTummayankicTom". Bypnasi nepenkicKa nomorna
emy pa3o6paTbesi B camom celie. OH nogyscrBoBan, LITO BPCM$1 3mnrpau1414,
Bpemst 3aTsinyBu14xcsi "Wanderjahre", npnxortkiT K Kontty. nopa BO3Bpa illaTbCA 40MO2, nopa BbleTyllaTb H flefiCTROBaTb.
lipaBfia, OH Bepny.ncsi 11Hillb Bectioh 1899 roga, HO 3HMa 1898/99 r.,
noc.nerinsm ero 3kima B flapkme, 6bula egkmospemennon .nknaktnaukieh ero
"3aTB0pHHileci- Ba", noTtroToB.nenmem HOBbIX BbICTSMIle1111Ft Ha PORHHe.
"Rparouemmul £1kima, KaK cTpantio! TOJIbK0 LITO cen ruicaTb Tebe nI4CbMO,
KaK HOJTS411J1 TBOC. Celi *e A FIVICaTb, TaK KaK He no.nyilast rio.nro OT Te6s;
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C110B. BCA fiera B M0éM Of114110LICCTBe, B TOM, LITO A natile"' KaK 3aHATb
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mne nopa BepnyTbcsi, 14 XOFA e riac.na*Ttennem nposerty 3Ty 30my B
Ilapn*e, c nac.ria*Renktem, Bepnee e ktirepecom, Bepnycb nomo h. OgkinoLleCTBO Beuib xopowasì, Ho olia Ttar)Kna 6bITb 141114 rkirktenkiliecKoki Bpemennoh MepON, 14./111 Belmoki: ma.nennem OT mkipa. OnlacTki A .neuumcsi OT
Bac *e B M0éM OfHillOgeCTRe, 110 Tenepb, BbIlle411BIlInCb, 14 CO311aBaA, gTO
pano HJÌH 110311110 3T0 nano*enne flO.TDKII0 K011 1111TbCA, Si TAFOgYCb 14M 14
naminaio *CJIaTb OT nero 1436a1311TbC51. 11 lie TO gTO 51 B FléM He naxo*y
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TaK He mo>KeT 0ClaBaTbCA... Flailyga51 BallIH 1111CbMa, *113Hb B o6wecTse,
6ecertbi, pa6ora coo6uta, Mite npeaciamnaercsi CTO11b npkimeKaTe.nbnumn,
camn no CC6C 3aCTaB11AIOT *e.naTb 11pCKpaTHTb 0,C1HHO4eCTBO
Kor4a or Bac
BepnyTbcsi B o61ItecTBo. OTclona mein schwankendes
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11106HTb 14 yBa>KaTb nH Wb KpacoTy ripkipoTibi 14 "Lto6porteTe.nb x.ne6onalaua". CTIOBOM, Greuze 14 Bern[ardinj de Ste Pierre. Korna *e no.nyttaio oTpaB.nennwe smom umBkinki3attnkt nucbMa Ba11114, TO 3apa>kaiocb mmn, BcKope Haxo*y npe.necTb B 3TOM Ane 14 npowy eaté. CII0BOM, ballastage, 14 Kor4a.
LITO TaK >Ke
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C.T1OBOM, Wypa 5eitya 314MIIHIA, roporicKoR, eine Art von russischem Muther.
Tenepb >Ke A neTriNN, namihnt, eine Art von Tolstoi, hélas, B HopmaHnHH, a
He B SlcHoPt IIonAHe, hélas! C anb6omom H watercolours, a He 3a nnyrom
(hélas, *pyt(kul Tpynbi 6b1KOB 14 6apaHOa). Somme toute, npouly y6e,r4HTeAbH0 nHcaTb mie". KolmaeTcA, 3TO AnHintoe noc.naftHe coo6meHmem,
,-ITO OH y>Ke Hanucan ve-rupe CTaTb14 Ansi )Kypitana.
3To — noc.nenHee nHcbmo "ncHxonorwiecKaro xapaKTepa". Bonpoc
3mHrpanim onpeaaneti. B casin C 3TIIM
6b1.T1 j(OCTaTOLIHO Bw IcHeti. CpoK
nepenficKa CTaHOBHTCSI ae.noao2. Pa3HOPell Ile 14 pa3HOMIACJIVIe npolicxoRAT
Tenepb BHYTpH, B Kpyry camoro nana. no cyuiecTay >Ke Bonpoc o Heo6XORHMOCT41 *ypHa.na He B03061-10131151eTCA. BcKope HaLlan BbIXO,C(11Tb H
CaMbIfi >KypHan (oKTEB6pb1, 1898). 5erlya 30pK0 3a HI4M wiermT. Ka*Aba't
HOBb1R BbIllYCK 6but npeiimeTom cTporo2 ero Kp14THKH. KaK aceraa, 0Ha
noaKyna.na caOer1 TIPaBaHBOCTb10.
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co CTOPOlibl, KaK H3BeCTHO, 13HAllee. 3aTO reorpacptiecKasi OTRa-TléHHOCTb
ttepHylo
pa6OTy no co3Raiimo 14 nenemo >Kypriana. OH *1411 B jpyro mHpe, rae He
TOJ1bK0 CaMO HCKyCCTBO onpeResaino Hac, Ho rile He cyntecTaoaanu Te
"TparwtecKHe" Bonpocw TeXHHKI4, Ha KoTophie Mw cpa3y HaTOIIKHY.T1HCb
fleTepOypre.
HC RaBalla eMy BO3MO)KHOCTH BH,EleTb He3aMeTHyIO CO CT0p0Hbl
Tenepb pyccKoe H3/13.TCIIbCTBO cTpannio nonantly.nocb anepea. Te
apemeria, Korrta "A.neKcamp I" LLIKnbitepa CLIHTalICA "xyrto*ecTsenHum"
H3,aamiem, a "3KCTICRIALIHS1 3arOTOBIleH1IA rocy4apcmemlux 6yMar" paccanitHuell xopowero twyca — nponnu 6e3ao3aparno. 3amettaeTcsi ria>Ke
HeKoTopas! yCTallOCTb O I H3AIg11bIX 1.11pHCPTOB, BI411beTOK 14 o6.no)KeK.
BTopoe 110K011 CI I lie "mHp-HcKyccHHKoa", nporie 1-lexoHHHa, MHTpoxima,
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KFI11r14. HO TOrila, KaKI1X - t I 116y/lb ABafILtaTb IleT TOM/ Ha3afi, y HaC, B
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acero npeapaTHTbcsi B TCXI1HKOB. Muoro CHJ1 N apemeHH sfumo Ha 3Ty
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10Homeckme roani Anexcampa Benya
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nonymaeT, LITO cfmpma Bn.nbOopra, C TaKHM ycnexo KonKypnpytoulast
Tenepb
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rpatinny. IlegaTaTb To*eHe
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LITO r1P1411110Cb 06PaTI4TbC51 C 3aKa3aMH 3a
A. n. oc-rpo y moBon. Ha TpeTnil roji BCé 661510 npeorioneno, N 6.narQQapa
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Num nepeumn tla pyccKne K1111110 H pyccKne CPOTOK01111 H. Ho B nepabin roti,
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98 r.), CCTeCT1301 1H0 3a6biaa.n 06 3131X TextingecKnx Tpy1111OCTAX, 14 CY£11411
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HOBOMY PYKOB0f(HT0J1 IO THIlOrpaCt111 H 1- 01114Ke H
C iipyron croponbi, >Kypnany 0 11ellb cKopo npnw.nocb BCTY11 14Tb B
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no cyuiecTay, ona 6b1a neo6xojuiMa. KpaTKHMH, ocTpumn 3aMeTKaMH,
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"3aMeTKa" yilaaa.nacb, Mbl panoaasificb, KaK neTn, He 3ar1ymblaaach O TOM,
KaKoe anenaTnenne npon3aeRet ona Ila oKpy>Katoulnx.
KpoMe Toro, y HaC 11051131411051 KonKypenT. nannoapemenno e "M. Ft."
>Kypnaft 016alecTlaa Hoompenna Xymo*ecTa. Mbi OTJ114 11110
CO3HaBa1114, LIFO 1 1C 0c3Rapnomy N HCBC>K0CTB01 I l 10My pertaKTopy 3T0r0
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CTa51 BblX0/414TI)
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H I 1C 1011 1,K0 CTaCOB, I IO H MOJI011011 XYRO*1 1HK, KO TOPOMY MCCTO 6b1110 COBCCM 110 TaM. SI roaopto O H. K. Pepuxe, KOTOPEM
noli 11C0BROH14MOM H3r051 0 , 101 1, /1051T011b1 IO colpyrittrnim B 3TOM 6e3BKYCHOM, IIH4TO*1 10M H Bp0/1 I 10M Acypna.ne, O KOTOpOM Tenepb ace 3a 5b11111. BnocnerieTann, Pepnx nepetaé.n K naM. Ho B onmcbisaemoe apema OH
66111 B CTal1C BparoB. H 3)10p0B0 - >KC emy, 6C/11 10My, OT Hae ROCTaJ10Cb!
04ellb B11 1151TC11131 10r0 H aBlOpHICT1 16r0 06111CCTBa.
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KYXHH, Ho y>Ke camoe OTCyTCTBHe flocy r a BIIHAJ1 O Ha HHTeHCHBHOCTb
nepenHcKH. flopoR MW no.nygaim OT Hero TIOJI*HbIFI OKpHK. 06bIKHOBeHHO
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cTe C TeM, Bepunu14 3T0 "nello" Ha Cl)orie CaMOrl 6e33a6OTHOR BeCCIOCTH.
B camom >KypHa.ne, B ero BeneHHH sterna 6bi.na "Hrpa".
H ec.nft >KypHa.n "n06enwn", TO OTIlaCTH HMeHHO noTomy, 4T0 B HOM
6bula."14310MHHKa", 6bula "Hrpa".
Korna paccTosinHe nepecTa.no Hac OTACTIATb, beHya gesrrenbno 1303Ty "Hrpy", nepec -ran cmorpeTb Ha neé CO CT0p0Hbl, 14 BnpArcsi HapaBue C OCTaJ1 131 1b1M14 B LiepHyto, TexnwlecKylo pa6oTy.
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csoe 6oeBoe KpemenHe Ha cTpauktuax "MHpa HcKycc -rBa".
3,necb A o6pbiBaio "cipanwiKy" CB014X Bocnompulamifi.
beHya —
Hatia.nocb Bpems: "rpa>KnaucTBa". OH "BbIlllell Ha sumny", O HéM Hallo Tenepb cynyrrb no ero nenam, a ne paccKa3bmarb no Il 14 ,-1Hb1M BocnomHHa111451M. OnemmaTb >Ke fleAreflbl 10CFb 5eHya KaK xyno*HHKa, neKopaTopa,
pe*Hccépa, KpHTIIKa, HcTopHKa A ne mory no muorHm npw-mHam, oco6enHo
noTomy LITO C 1904 rolla, KorRa no moemy HacTosumio npeKpant.ncB «MHp
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yillé.11 OT c.ny*ern4B HCKYCCTBy, KaK
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K Beill1K0f4 1.1151 meHA panocut, 11H Ma.TICIlbKHP1 "MeCTHblir KPH3HC 1904
roma, 1111 60JI 13111011, "BcepoccH2cKHìi", He Hapyumn MOHX npy>KecKmx OTHO mermil C A.neKcaunpom beHya.
H nycTb MOA "CfPal I 14 L1Ka Bocnommiarmk" dyner cKpomnofir naubto Han'eh npy>K6b1, BCTylla10111C11 B TpHilLjaTb BTopylo TOROB11(Hliy.
1 aBrycTa, 1916 r.
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