Oct. Dec.Issue 2013.indd - Petroleum Conservation Research

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October - December, 2013
Quarterly Journal
October – December, 2013
CON T E N T S
4
Energy Saving Opportunties in
Agriculture
6
Mega Campaign for Petroleum
Conservation at Hyderabad
6
Bharat Nirman Public Information
Campaign by PIB
7
Intersection Activity on Energy
Conservation among Students
8
Energy Conservation Walkathon in
Noida
9
Market Survey on Diesel Pump-sets
for Labeling Program
12 Seminar on LPG Conservation at
Paramathivelur, Namakkal
13 Transport Workshop at Patna
13 Road Safety Campaign in
Saharanpur
14 PCRA organizes Kishanmela at
Tangi in Cuttack
14 Agriculture Workshop in Chennai
Village
15
ECO Driving Workshop in Bangalore
18 Activities under PCRA - ECCJ MoU
19 Low Cost Water Lifting Technology:
Tool for Poverty Eradication
22
Series of Nukkad Nataks in Bangalore
22 Demos on Fuel Conservation at Red
Lights in Delhi
Hon’ble Union Minister for Petroleum & Natural Gas, Shri Veerappa Moily releasing the latest edition
of PCRA’s bulletin “Active Conservation Technique“ while inaugurating megacampaign on Energy
Conservation at New Delhi on 1st October 2013
Editorial Team
Editor
: Abhay Bakre
Associate Editors : S.N. Singh
Abha Kumari
Produced by
Swati Communications
A-404, Som Datt Chamber-I
5, Bhikaji Cama Place, New Delhi-110066
Tel: 11-41659877, 09213132174
E-mail: [email protected]
On behalf of
Petroleum Conservation Research Association (PCRA)
Sanrakshan Bhawan, 10 Bhikaji Cama Place
New Delhi – 110066
Tel: 011-26198856, Fax: 011-26109668
Website: www.pcra.org
All communication should be addressed to:
The Associate Editor
Active Conservation Techniques Journal
Petroleum Conservation Research Association
Sanrakshan Bhawan, 10 Bhikaji Cama Place
New Delhi – 110066
Tel: 011-26198856, Fax: 011-26109668
The views expressed in the journal are those of the individual contributors and not necessarily
of PCRA. The main aim of the journal is to disseminate information of the latest trends,
developments, and R&D efforts initiated, identify opportunities, and explore national
and international advancements in the field of energy conservation and environment
protection.
People Connect through Mega Campaign
Activities for Oil Conservation
E
nergy is the most vital input for the economic development of our nation and petroleum products constitute
a major component of our energy consumption. Our country is importing about 80% of crude oils to meet
its demand for petroleum products. The extreme volatility in oil price in international market and country’s
heavy dependence on oil imports are resulting in huge outgo of foreign exchange. There is, thus an urgent need for
efficient utilization and conservation of petroleum products. These measures provide immediate and cost effective
alternatives for achieving a sustainable energy future.
The Petroleum ministry has launched a number of new initiatives to motivate the general public to adopt measures
for conservation and judicious use of petroleum products.The“Nationwide Mega Campaign” to conserve Petroleum
Products, which was launched by Petroleum Minister Dr.VeerappaMoily on 1st Oct. 2013, has witnessed several
important initiatives to enable better conservation of fuels in the country.As part of this Mega Campaign, PCRA
and Oil Marketing Companies (OMCs) have conducted wide ranging ‘people-connect’ activities such as LPG clinics,
NukkadNatak, Marathons, Intersection activities, Seminars, Industrial workshops etc. OMCs are actively engaged in
spreading messages of conservation by display of Hoardings, banners at retail outlets, LPG distributorships, sending
of SMSes on LPG booking and deliveries etc. to reach each and every person in the country.
A unique initiative for the transport sector called Eco-driving has also been launched during this Mega Campaign
under the joint auspices of PCRA and ECCJ (Energy Conservation Centre of Japan). This Eco-driving programme is
a significant step towards transforming the drivers of our major transport utilities into fuel conscious and efficient
drivers. There is also considerable potential to save diesel and petrol in the transport sector by adopting simple but
effective conservation measures. These include – Good driving practices, better maintenance regime, fuel saving
tips like switching off engines at traffic signals, joining car pool, usage of public transport etc.
Moreover, Petroleum Conservation & Research Association (PCRA) and Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) have jointly
formulated an ambitious benchmarking programme on fuel efficiency covering domestic LPG stoves and Agriculture
Diesel pumpsets. These programmes, initially on voluntary basis, would generate consumer preference towards
more fuel efficient appliances thereby resulting in substantial savings in LPG and diesel. The programme will also
incentivize the manufacturers of the equipments to develop more fuel efficient products in future
In order to assess the impact & effectiveness of activities carried out by PCRA in association with Oil Marketing
Companies during Mega Campaign, a third party survey is being carried out Post campaign. This will enable PCRA
to make appropriate course corrections in respect of this mega campaign.
R. K. Singh
Joint Secretary (Refineries),
Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas, Government of India
October-December, 2013  active conservation techniques
3
laikndh; el©nk
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ih lh vkj , le; le; ij fdlku esykvksa ,oa çn”kZuh dsaæ¨a es
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ds r©j rjhd¨a ls voxr djk;k tk ldsA
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vge Hkwfedk fuHkkrh gS] blh vuqikr es
ÅtkZ dh [kir Hkh ykt+eh gSA chl Qhlnh
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Ñf’k ds {ks= esa flapkÃ] tqrkÃ] xgkÃ] dVkÃ
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frgkÃ fgLlk Hkwfexr ty ij vk/kkfjr gSA
4
active conservation techniques  October-December, 2013
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vge Hkwfedk fuHkk ldrs gSaA
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g¨uk pkfg,A
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çtkfr dh [k¨t dh gS t¨ de ikuh ls iSnk
fd;k tk ldrk gSA nwljh Qly¨a dh ,Slh
çtkfr d¨ fodflr djus dh vko”;drk
gSA ysfdu lcls T+;knk egRoiw.kZ gS vPNs
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ds dÃ ,sls pj.k gSa tgk¡ l©j ÅtkZ] iou
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ls yxHkx iPphl çfr”kr isVª¨fy;e inkFkZ¨a
dh cpr dh tk ldrh gSA blds fy, ih
lh vkj , yxkrkj dk;Zjr gSA blh lanHkZ
esa ih lh vkj , e¨u¨ lsViEi ds ekud ,oa
yscfyax dk dk;Z ch- Ã- Ã- ds lkFk fey
dj dj jgk gS rkfd fdlku¨a d¨ ÅtkZ n{k
iEi fey lds vkSj muds Mhty laj{k.k esa
lg;¨x ns ldsA fdlku¨a ds lkFk lkFk ih
lh vkj , Nk=¨a d¨ Hkh blds fy, yxkrkj
tkx:d cuk jgk gS rkfd vkusokyh ih<+h
mtkZ laj{k.k esa T+;knk ls T;knk ;¨xnku ns
ldsA
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ih lh vkj , us Hkh Ñf’k ds {ks= esa ÅtkZ
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tk ldsA VªsDVj¨a ,oa iailsV¨a esa isVª¨fy;e
October-December, 2013  active conservation techniques
5
Mega Campaign for Petroleum Conservation at Hyderabad
Smt. Panabaaka Lakshmi, Hon’ble
Minister of State for Petroleum
& Natural Gas, Govt. of India
participated in the Mega Campaign
for Petroleum Conservation being
organized by the oil industry in
association with PCRA for a period
of six weeks starting from 1 October
2013. The program was attended
by oil industry officials, dealers,
distributors, students and general
public at large. On the occasion,
painting competition, quiz and
extempore speech on tips of oil &
gas conservation was organized to
spread awareness among school
and college students. Shri R. Shankar,
DGM (LPG), APSO participated as a
dignitary on the dais on behalf of
Indian Oil. The Hon’ble Minister in her
key note address underlined the need
for spreading mass awareness on
conservation of petroleum products
at all levels of the society and wished
the 6 weeks long program a grand
success.
Smt. Panabaaka Lakshmi, Hon’ble Minister of State for Petroleum & Natural Gas, addressing
megacampaign on Energy Conservation in Hyderabad on 3rd October 2013
Bharat Nirman Public Information Campaign by PIB
Press Information Bureau, Ministry
of Information and Broadcasting,
Govt. of India, organised three-day
Bharat Nirman Public Information
Campaign, from 16 to 18 November
2013 at Ghatkesar in Rangareddy
district. About sixty stalls were
allotted to Central/State Govt. Depts,
PSUs, banks, etc. to showcase their
exhibits and inform the visiting
public about services being offered
to them. The stalls were allotted
free of charge. About two thousand
people visited the stalls every day.
The event was widely covered by
electronic and print media. Shri
Madhavaiah, Jt Director, PCRA,
Hyderabad addressed the gathering
on LPG safety & Conservation
with demo of cut LPG cylinder
and Transparent cylinder (to show
Boiling of LPG). The program was
attended by more than two thousand
students, mahila groups, housewives
and government officials. PIB
officials appreciated our program
and informed on the spot that the
information provided by PCRA to
the public was the best in the 3-day
event.
A view of Bharat Nirman Public Information Campaign
6
active conservation techniques  October-December, 2013
Intersection Activity on Energy Conservation
among Students
PCRA, in association with Radio
Manav Rachna 107.8 FM, organized
a megacampaign on Energy and Fuel
Conservation from 26 to 28 November
2013. This two-day campaign started
with a drawing competition for
Grade IV & V students of MRIS Sec21 C, Faridabad. Principal, MRIS, Ms.
Ikwinder Singh greeted the guest
and addressed the students saying it
is an opportunity for the students to
put their creative thoughts and bring
out ideas to conserve energy.
Deputy Director PCRA (NR) Mr.
Satish Sudhir gave out some useful
tips to students on how to conserve
energy.
The event was followed by an
Awareness Rally conducted by 1st
year students of MRDC. After the
rally, the students were given out
some useful tips on Saving Fuel
while driving vehicles. Director, RMR,
Mr. Mukesh Gambhir addressed the
students and said it is necessary to
follow the tips for conserving energy
for future.
Vice Chancellor, MRIU, Dr. N.C.
Wadhwa in his address said these
students hold the future of the
country and if they are educated
through these rallies and campaigns,
then they will definitely use energy
saving tips in their day-to-day life
and assure a better future.. He also
stressed that the University has
strength of 10,000 people who were
educated at the same time through
this campaign.
The second day of the event
witnessed intersection activity
conducted by RMR Staff, students
and various other participants.
The activity was conducted at the
intersection on Aravali road near
Aravali International School. Lots
of vehicle drivers were educated
through placards, handouts, and
manuals on how to conserve fuel
while driving vehicles.
An appreciation seminar was
organized on 5th Dec 2013 for the car
poolers and winners of the drawing
competition. The winner students
were given away trophies in the
presence of S. N Singh, Additional
Director, Ms. Abha Kumari and Mr.
Satish Sudhir. The Vice President
of Manav Rachna Educational
Institutions, Dr. Amit Bhalla also
graced the occasion and gave away
the prizes to the winners.
While addressing the prize
distribution ceremony, S.N Singh
said people need to be educated
about conservation of fuel, especially
in transport sector. He explained
the existence and origin of PCRA
and the vast canvas of its works.
He congratulated the winners and
lauded car poolers. Later, during
a radio interview, S.N Singh and
Ms. Abha Kumari conveyed to the
listeners ways and means of saving
fuel and other sources of energy in
transport and domestic sector.
A view of students of MRIS, Faridabad taking part in the megacampaign on Energy Conservation
October-December, 2013  active conservation techniques
7
Energy Conservation Walkathon in Noida
As part of its ongoing megacampaign
on energy conservation, PCRA
organized a walkathon in Noida
on 22nd November, involving
school children. With a view to
propagating the message of oil
conservation coupled with road
safety, the walkathon was organised
in collaboration with Noida Traffic
Police, TRAX Spor ts Society &
Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. Over
300 students of Dharam Public
School, Govt. Inter College, Radiant
Academy and Marry Gold Public
School enthusiastically participated
in the walkathon.
The walkathon was flagged off by
the Chief Guest, Shri LN Gupta,
IAS, Secretary, OIDB at Indian Oil
Bhawan, Sector 1, Noida, in the
august presence of Shri Partha S Das,
Director MoPNG, Shri Abhay Bakre,
Executive Director, PCRA, Shri Sunil
Sethi, Executive Director (HR), Indian
Oil Corporation Ltd., Ms. Bharti Singh,
SP (Crime), Noida and other senior
officials of PCRA & IOCL.
Speaking on occasion, Shri LN Gupta
underlined the importance of Fuel
Conservation. He categorically stated
that every single drop of fuel saved
meant saving of precious foreign
exchange as India was spending
millions of dollars on fuel import
every year. Ms. Bharti Singh also
addressed the gathering and shared
her views on safe driving and fuel
Conservation.
The walkathon started from IOCL
Bhawan, Noida, with the students
carrying banners and placards
displaying PCRA conservation tips
& messages and loudly chanting the
Shri Abhay Bakre, Executive Director, PCRA and other oil
industry offcials flagging off the walkathon
conservation messages and ended
at the starting point, traversing
approximately three kilometres.
At the onset of the walkathon,
the participating school children
were briefed about the urgent and
dire need to conserve petroleum
products for their own future as well
as that of the country. The children
vowed to encourage and motivate
their friends, parents, relatives and
all other acquaintances to adopt
conservation tips and practices.
Refreshments were offered to the
children at the end.
The walkathon elicited a lot of
attention and curiosity from the
motoring public and bystanders,
apart from creating lot of noise in
the media.
A view of the students taking part
in the walkathon
save fuel yaani save money
8
active conservation techniques  October-December, 2013
Market Survey on Diesel Pump-sets for
Labeling Program
T
he size of the pump set market
in the country is estimated at
Rs 4,500 crore, of which the
share of the submersible pumps
used in agricultural operations is
around 60 per cent (Rs 2,700 crore
in value). The Standards & Labeling
Program was launched by Hon’ble
Minister of Power, Mr. Sushil Kumar
Shinde in May, 2006. The objectives
of the Program is to provide the
consumer an informed choice about
the energy saving, and thereby the
cost saving potential of the marketed
household and other equipment.
In this context, Market Xcel Data
Matrix Pvt. Ltd. conducted a market
survey to assist Bureau of Energy
Efficiency (BEE) and Petroleum
Conservation Research Association
(PCRA) in undertaking a situational
analysis leading to Designing &
Implementation of Labeling Program
in India for Diesel Engine Driven
Agricultural Pump sets under the
Standard & Labeling thrust area.
Though the guidelines and S&L are
existent for Electrical pump sets,
whereby the concept of “Energy
Efficient Pumps and Pumping
System” was introduced in 90’s and
new IS10804 was published for
energy efficient systems by Bureau
of Indian Standards, Market Xcel is
tasked to conduct a study to obtain
information on the scope, approach
and implementation of Standard
& Labeling Program. Market Xcel
collected, processed, validated
and generated data from available
databases\ govt departments\
agencies and most importantly
manufactures and combined the
inputs in an integrated way to help
design, monitor and control energy
efficiency standards and labeling
program.
specifications. The quantitative
research included retailers and
consumers, who deal/use diesel,
operated agricultural pump - sets up
to 5 hp. Major findings of the report
submitted by Market Xcel in April last
year are given below.
Energy Consumption
Patterns in Indian
Agriculture
Methodology
It is estimated that major sectors
where commercial energy is
consumed in the world are industrial,
transportation, agriculture and
commercial and domestic of which
Industrial sector forms a major part
in developing countries. Agriculture
accounts for 19% share of total
diesel consumption in the country.
In all 19% of all diesel consumed
(55 million tonne) 45% is used for
irrigation purposes.
The primary methodology was a
mix of qualitative and quantitative
set of information gathering. Thus,
in all, Market Xcel undertook 20
Stakeholders, 36 Manufacturers, 100
Consumers and 75 retail interviews
for the product category. Besides,
interaction was undertaken with
55 manufacturers for obtaining
information on their products and
Agriculture is a key sector in India
that employs two-thirds of the
country’s work force and continues
to be a significant contributor to the
GDP. Indian arable land surface is the
second largest in the world, after the
US, representing 20% of the world’s
arable land (FAO, 2007a). Food grain
production has increased rapidly
since 1950.
October-December, 2013  active conservation techniques
9
Evolving Farming Practices: Traditional Vs Current
Processes
Traditional Practices
Current Practices
Land Development,
Tillage & Seedbed
Preparation
Plough and Blade harrow were used to break soil
without inverting or disturbing crop residue
Tractors, Mould board plough and disc
plough are advanced implements for
breaking soil.
Sowing & Planting
Dibblers were used to make hole in soil and seeds
were dropped in funnel attached to country
plough
Modern seed drill and planters are used to
distribute seeds uniformly at the desired
application rates.
Weeding and Intercultivation
Hand hoes and animal driven weeding tool were
Tractor operated implements are used
generally used for removing weeds between plants presently for inter cultivation and weeding
in a row.
purpose of wider rows.
Plant Protection
Dusters are hand sprayers have been used
traditionally for plant protection. It was suitable for
low volume spraying.
Blower and Power sprayer can regulate
volume of pesticides and size of drops to be
sprayed.
Harvesting &
Threshing
Harvesting of major crops was done manually
using sickle. After harvesting, crops were trampled
and beaten for threshing.
Tractor mounted as well as self propelled
harvester and threshers are used nowadays
for doing these processes efficiently.
Source: Zinnov research
Key Facts
Area (1000) sq.km.
3288
Arable land. (1000) sq.km.
1660
Population per unit arable land.
508
Irrigation in % of arable land.
28.9
Irrigation (1000) sq.km.
480
Population per unit irrigation.
1759
Irrigation in % of area.
14.6
Source: Rockford.com
Sales of tractors have increased
rapidly over the past decades. The
largest need of energy services is
for water pumping for irrigation
and to some extent power for farm
machinery such as threshers and
tractors. In rural areas, pump sets
are installed to provide irrigation
facilities for agriculture. As of March
2008, 15.4 million Pump set had
been installed.
Elec tricity consumption from
farmers is un-metered and billing is
10
instead based on the water pump’s
horsepower rating. After electricity
the second major fuel used is high
speed diesel oil, for which (HSDO)
consumption and data are available
from the Ministry of Statistics and
Program Implementation (MOSPI,
2006).
Irrigation Scenario in India
India has a large variety of climatic
regions, ranging from tropical
monsoon in the south to temperate
and cold in the north and from dry
in the west to humid subtropical
in the east. The percentage of land
irrigated increased from 17% of total
gross crop area in the 1950s to 48%
in 2003 (NSSO, 2005a). The capacity
of pump sets with electric motors
is typically 3.7 kW, and it is 5.2 kW
for diesel engines (Singh G., 1999).
Operating hours are highly variable
and difficult to monitor.
This hypothesis is consistent with
another analysis (Singh G., 2006)
Electric
Pump
Diesel
Pump
Solar
Pump
Pump Energy Intensity (PJ/unit)
21.3
23.9
10
Energy Consumption (estimates)
88800GWh
(319 PJ)
120 PJ
19 GWh
(0.07 PJ)
Number Installed (Million)
15.00
6.0
0.007
UEC (kWh/unit) (estimates)
5904
6638
2674
Capacity (kW)
3.7
5.2
3.3
Operating hours (h/year)
1600
1276
798
active conservation techniques  October-December, 2013
that estimates the share of diesel
consumed for pumping to be
around 40%. The ministry of New
and Renewable Energy (MNRE, 2008)
has been implementing a Program
on solar photovoltaic water pumping
systems since 1993-94. About 7,000
pump set were installed with a
capacity averaging 2 HP (3 kW). This
represents an estimated total energy
consumption of 19 GWh (0.07PJ), i.e.
0.02% of energy used for pumping.
India produces nearly 1.5 million
p u m p s p e r y e a r fo r d i v e r s e
applications. At present, there
are more than 600 manufacturers
of pumps. They have good R&D
facilities and have adopted the latest
technologies.
Farmers in India’s poorer states
depend on diesel pumps to draw
water for irrigation. Two-thirds of
Indian farmers pumping water for
irrigation use diesel pumps. These
farmers are concentrated in Bihar,
Assam, Jharkhand and Uttar Pradesh.
All poor states had a bad record in
provision of electricity. In Bihar, 95
per cent of farm households irrigate
land by using diesel water pumps,
followed by 87 per cent in West
Bengal.
Diesel Engine Efficiency
The standing committee (Government of India) on the study of
operational efficiency of irrigation
pumps clearly observed that overall
efficiency in diesel operated pump
sets was 12.7 per cent and 31.1 per
cent in electric operated pump sets.
However going by the primary findings and the citation from the company sources we have taken a more
pessimistic figure which is 21% current efficiency. The efficiency can be
increased by selection of appropriate
pump, proper installation of system,
selection of prime mover, selection
of proper couplings, and selection
of proper size of suction and delivery
pipes and regular maintenance.
Pumping efficiencies are likely to
be much higher for sprinkler and
trickle systems as the head needs
of these systems are more favorable
to the hydraulic characteristics of
centrifugal pumps. A pump running
at optimum head and speed has an
efficiency of between 40% and 80%.
This is particularly true for small
pumps where the frictional losses
are a higher proportion of the total
power requirement. Although an
efficiency of 30% might be expected
from a centrifugal pump operating
a sprinkler or trickle system, it
is unlikely to reach this level of
efficiency for surface irrigation.
The poor efficiencies are on account
of fault installation, sub-standard
goods and poor maintenance and
there is a scope of improving the
efficiency of these pumping systems
to the extent of 30 to 50% by taking
corrective measures. One estimate
puts that a farmer can save up to
Rs. 3300 per year over his present
expenses for pump - set operation
if his pumping system is properly
selected. Such correct selection
would not only salvage the farmer
from his avoidable yearly financial
loss but would also save the nation
a few hundred crores worth of
power by way of savings in diesel
oil consumption. Field studies by
Technology Information, Forecasting
and Assessment Council have proved
to achieve savings of 50%, payback
period of investment would be
90 to 100 days. That means at the
constant level of energy availability
results of irrigation potential would
be double and payback period is
normally so slow, that we can say it
is without any investment. (Source:
Technology Information, Forecasting
and Assessment Council, Govt. of
India)
Population growth (Pump - sets per million)
Mechanical power
1961-1962 1971-1972 1981-1982 1991-1992 1996-1997 1997-1998 2004-2005
Electrical Pumps
0.1
1.63
4.33
9.34
11.57
11.85
16
Diesel Pumps
0.23
1.55
3.1
4.59
5.58
5.84
9
Source: Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering Bhopal, India 2009
October-December, 2013  active conservation techniques 11
Seminar on LPG Conservation at
Paramathivelur, Namakkal
A mega seminar on LPG conservation
was conducted at Paramathivelur,
Namakkal District, on 16 October
2013 in association with Lions Club,
Paramathi Fort. The programme
was inaugurated by Superintendent
of Police Smt. Kannammal IPS,
Namakkal District. Special address
was given by Chief Regional
Coordinator, Shri. A.Jankiram, CRC,
PCRA (SR) emphasized on the need
of conserving fuel and electricity
and gave a quick info about the
megacampaign launched by the
Honorable Minister of Petroleum
and Natural gas. Prior to the special
address, there was a press meet on
energy conservation. Eight Tamil
TV channels covered the talk. The
entire programme was covered by
two local dailies, namely the Daily
Thanthi and Malai Malar.
The programme started with a
walkathon from Paramathi Town
Welfare office to Venkateswara
Marriage Hall which was the venue
for the seminar. The walkathon
was inaugurated by the Lions Club
President Shri Tamil Mani and Shri
A. Jankiram. The people who took
part in the walkathon were ladies
from self help groups and school
students. The walkathon covered
a distance of one km and invited
media attention.
Van publicity was also done prior to
the programme to create awareness
among the public about energy
conservation and to attract general
public to the seminar. The special
address by CRC SR was followed
by a series of domestic workshops
conducted jointly by Joint Director
Shri. A.Jankiram, CRC, PCRA (SR) interacting with the media on the eve
of the seminar on LPG conservation at Paramathivelur
12
active conservation techniques  October-December, 2013
Shri. P. Balachandran, PCRA SR and
external faculty Shri. Venkatramane.
The topics covered during domestic
workshops were: LPG savings in
household through PCRA Simple
tips, PCRA’s simple tips to save fuel
in 2 and 4 wheelers, and, PCRA’s
simple tips to save electricity in
households.
The programme was well received
by the people and it was highlighted
in the questionnaire session that
followed the domestic workshops.
The questionnaire session lasted for
45 minutes and many people came
forward to pose their queries about
LPG usage. The domestic workshops
and the seminar lasted for three
hours. The programme came to an
end with Vote of Thanks by Shri. S.
Paneerselvam, RC, PCRA SR.
Superintendent of Police, Smt. Kannammal IPS, Namakkal District
alongwith other participants on the eve of the seminar
Transport Workshop at Patna
As part of megacampaign for oil
conservation in transport sector, a
Transport Workshop was conducted
by PCRA at Patna on 24 October
2013 with the transport department
of Bihar. The Programme was
inaugurated by Hon’ble Transport
Minister of Bihar Shri Brisen Patel in
the presence of Transport Secretary
Shri R.K. Mahajan, IAS and Dr. Smt
Vijay Lakhsmi, IAS, MD, BSRTC. While
inaugurating the workshop, Sri
Brisen Patel praised the role of PCRA
in propagating energy savings,
especially in the transport sector
and highlighted the need for this
type of workshop to save oil in the
transport sector.
Shri R. K. Mahajan also highlighted the
importance of this type of workshop
and the need for oil conservation to
improve kmpl in transport sector
from the present level. Dr. Smt
Vijay Laksmi thanked PCRA for
organizing the workshop saying
such programme may encourage bus
drivers to reduce HSD consumption
per kilometer by following some
simple driving techniques.
Sri P.K. Raychaudhuri, CRC, PCRAER explained how some simple
steps while driving can improve
oil efficiency for vehicles. Sri
Sheel Priyam, SRO-Patna made
a presentation on oil saving in
transport sector which was
applauded by more than seventy bus
drivers present during the workshop.
Towards the end, an interactive
question-answer session was held.
The workshop was followed by
Drivers’ Training Programme for the
BSTC Bus drivers.
Hon’ble Transport Minister of Bihar, Mr. Brishen Patel inaugurated the workshop.
Shri R K Mahajan, IAS, Principal Secretary – Transport, Govt. of Bihar was present on the occasion along with other dignitaries.
Road Safety Campaign in Saharanpur
Air Force Station, Sarsawa, Saharanpur organized Road Safety Campaign from 18 to 22
November, 2013. PCRA participated in the event by putting up a stall. Besides, PCRA also
organized a day-long Transport Workshop for Station Staff on 19th November. Nearly 250
participants attended the workshop. The event was inaugurated by Group Captain, A. R.
R. C. Reddy. Later, PCRA SRO Lucknow explained about the need of petroleum and energy
conservation and the role of PCRA. Several presentations were made on eco-driving
techniques, followed by an educational movie. The event ended with vote of thanks by
Wing Commander, D. Venu Gopal Reddy.
October-December, 2013  active conservation techniques 13
PCRA organizes Kishanmela at Tangi in Cuttack
During its megacampaign on energy
conservation, PCRA organized a
Kishanmela at Sapanapur & Tangi,
Cuttack. Many farmers from nearby
villages attended the mela. The
Sarpanch of Sapanpur & Tangi
inaugurated the mela. Suring the
mela, a film on fuel saving tips in
agricultural sector was shown and
Mr. A.K. Mohini, SRO, Bhubaneswar
shared tips on fuel saving in tractors
and agricultural pumps with the
farmers. He also explained how to
increase efficiency of diesel pumpsets
by improvement in piping system.
The farmers were also made aware
of good driving habits for saving
diesel in tractors and other vehicles.
To further motivate the farmers,
a quiz program was conducted
among them farmers and prizes were
distributed.
A view of Kishanmela at Tangi, Cuttack
Agriculture Workshop in Chennai Village
PCRA, in coordination with BPCL,
conducted Agriculture Workshop
with 40 farmers at Periyapalayam
village, Palavakkam, Chennai on
12 November 2013. The workshop
was presided over by Panchayat
President. During the workshop,
Shri. S.P. Selvam, RC, PCRA, briefed
the farmers about the ongoing
megacampaign of PCRA on Energy
Conservation. Shri. P. Balachandran,
Joint Director, PCRA explained
about energy conservation methods
in agriculture sector and shared
tips with the villagers on how to
save diesel in water pumps and
A view of Kishanmela at Tangi, Cuttack
14
active conservation techniques  October-December, 2013
tractors. Energy conservation tips
for household electrical appliances
as well as LPG saving tips were also
elaborated upon. Practical demo on
good maintenance of tractor was
also conducted.
ECO Driving Workshop in Bangalore
G
overnment of India and
the Ministry of Economy,
Trade and Industry, Japan
jointly signed the ‘7th India–Japan
Energy Dialogue Statement’ on
12 September 2013 at New Delhi.
The statement lays emphasis on
cooperation in the field of Petroleum
& Natural Gas, whereby both the
parties have agreed to continue
to collaborate and jointly work in
the field of fuel conservation. In
this regard, through the renewed
memorandum between PCRA and
ECCJ (Energy Conservation Centre,
Japan), both sides also confirmed
the continuation of cooperation
in the field of fuel economy in
transport sector through Eco-Driving
programmes.
In consonance with the mission
outlined in the statement, PCRA along
with ECCJ convened a Workshop on
Eco-Driving in Bengaluru (Karnataka)
on 5 November 2013. The workshop
was followed by a two-day training
program in order to reinforce the key
learning and impart practical hands
on experience to the drivers of State
Transport Undertakings in Karnataka
and driver training instructors of
PCRA.
The ECCJ, Japanese delegation
visiting India for the subject
programme comprised of the
officials, namely Mr. Junichi Noka,
Mr. Masaaki Taniguchi, Mr. Toshiyuki
Minegishi and Mr. Shinji Katayose.
The workshop & training programme
concluded through a debriefing
session at PCRA HQ in New Delhi
on 8 November 2013, which was
attended by senior officials from
Government of India and institutions
involved in transport sector and
energy conservation.
ECO Driving Workshop
Shri. Ramalinga Reddy, Minister
of Transport, Govt. of Karnataka,
flagged off eco driving vehicle and
publicity van of PCRA, marking the
beginning of eco driving in India. He
also inaugurated the workshop which
was attended by other dignitaries
like MD KSRTC, MD BMTC, Transport
Commissioner and representatives
from PCRA and HPCL.
Mr. Toshiyuki Minegishi presented on
the Energy conservation measures
taken by ECCJ in the transport
sector in Japan. He elaborated on
the latest technology available with
solar vehicles. Mr. Masaaki Taniguchi
made a presentation on eco driving
technique followed in Japan. He cited
case studies on different gasoline
vehicles in Japan with an average
improvement of 22% in Kmpl. Shri
ECCJ delegates with PCRA officials on the eve of Workshop on Eco-Driving in Bengaluru
October-December, 2013  active conservation techniques 15
S C Sharma, Addl Director, PCRA HQ
made a presentation on the role of
PCRA in improving fuel efficiency in
transport sector.
range of 13-15 kmpl. They were then
taken back to class room session
and taught the methodology of eco
driving.
ECO Driving Training
Eco Driving training was carried out
with PCRA DTP Instructor senior
faculty and best driver instructors
from other STU’s like KSRTC, BMTC,
GSRTC, MSRTC and APSRTC. Initially
all the driver instructors were made
to drive around Lalbagh Garden and
fuel efficiency recorded was in the
A view of ECCJ delegates during the workshop
Some of the Eco Driving methodologies one listed below:













16
The operation when starting will be a key point for cutting the fuel consumption.
Start off gently by lightly pressing the accelerator.
If the speed is increased while still in a low gear, the engine speed will become high and the amount of fuel
used will increase.
By changing gears early and by using the highest possible gears, the engine speed will be kept low, resulting
in an improvement in fuel consumption.
Although it is normal to change up gears from first to second to third and subsequent gears, if you instead
change from first to third to fifth gear, missing out second and fourth gear, the fuel consumption effect will be
further increased.
Select the highest possible gear over the range where smooth driving can be carried out without causing engine
knocking.
The gear that you select will change according to the speed and the road gradient.
Carry out the clutch operation and gear changing as swiftly as possible so that there will be no drop in speed while changing gears.
Further, to prevent the engine speed from racing, press the accelerator after the clutch has been engaged.
Carry out driving with little acceleration and deceleration by maintaining extra distance between other cars.
If driving is carried out while narrowing the distance between other cars or by consciously following the car
in front, irregularities will occur in the speed, and the occasions that will require acceleration and deceleration
will increase.
By using the distance between other cars as much as possible and making fine adjustments to the accelerator,
the speed can be controlled and driving will be possible without pressing the brake.
In addition, providing that the speed is the same, driving in a higher gear will result in reduced fuel
consumption.
active conservation techniques  October-December, 2013
Drive not too quickly and not too slowly while looking at the situation in front and carrying out gentle accelerator
operations.
 On normal roads, it will not be possible to always drive at a constant speed. Rather than worrying about
maintaining a speed that will be economically efficient, it will be most important to limit the variations in speed.
 When the car in front brakes, remove your foot from the accelerator and start cruising.
 When cars are driving close together, if the car in front accelerates, open up an appropriate space between the
car by delaying your next acceleration rather than by pressing the brake.
 This is utilizing the space between cars to reduce the changes in speed.
 If you can slightly resist the impulse to drive quickly, you can attain the same speed as the overall flow of vehicles
without needing to carry out acceleration or deceleration.
 For cars that are moving, because the car will continue traveling by cruising for some time even after removing
your foot from the accelerator, travel will be possible using a small amount of fuel.
 When you become aware that you will have to stop or go round a corner, remove your foot from the accelerator
early and reduce speed using engine braking.
 You should also use engine braking when driving down inclined roads.
 When using engine braking, the supply of fuel to the engine may be stopped (fuel cut), so an addition energy
conserving effect may be obtained.
 Because the operations of deceleration and stopping occur many times during driving, the accumulation of
these operations will have a large effect.
 While driving with your foot removed from the accelerator, in the situation where the engine speed becomes
high, the supply of fuel will be automatically stopped (fuel cut function).
 Then when the engine speed reduces to around 1200 rpm, the amount of fuel required for idling will be supplied
to prevent the engine from stopping.
 On normal roads, the fuel cut time will be short at only a few seconds, so it will not be necessary to be overconcerned about it.
 Even if the fuel cut function does not operate, providing that you remain aware of removing your foot from the
accelerator early, quite a large energy conservation effect will be realized.
Idling has the meaning of “wasting”.
Idling stop means switching off the engine to save gasoline while the car is stopped.
 10 minutes of idling will consume 130 cc of fuel (when the gear is in the neutral range and the air conditioner
is off ).
 The amount of fuel required when starting the engine corresponds to the portion consumed by five seconds
of idling, so in situations where the car is stopped for five seconds or longer, stopping the engine will result in
energy conservation.

The second session of Eco Driving training was carried with PCRA DTP Instructor senior faculty and best drivers
instructors from other STU’s like KSRTC, BMTC, GSRTC, MSRTC and APSRTC along the same driving track of Lalbagh
Garden for same distance under similar traffic conditions. Now, driver instructors were made to drive as per eco
driving method taught to them theoretically. The same drivers now got the mileage in the range of 15-18 kmpl,
with an improvement ranging from 10 to 20 percent. Towards the end, driver instructors were awarded with the
certificates.
October-December, 2013  active conservation techniques 17
Activities under PCRA - ECCJ MoU
Consequent to India - Japan Energy
Dialogue, PCRA and ECCJ (Energy
Conservation Centre, Japan) entered
into an MoU in 2006 for cooperation
in the field of energy efficiency. Since
then, the two sides are working
together for carrying out various
energy conservation activities such
as workshops, seminars, capacity
building programmes, sharing of
technical knowhow, exhibitions, etc.
During the current Financial Year,
following activities were completed
as part of the MoU:
Capacity building
PCRA has associated with ECCJ
to determine the possible future
cooperation including basic plan to
implement activities under Perform,
Achieve and Trade (PAT) Scheme. In
this context, PCRA representatives
attended a workshop in Japan held
on 21– 23 January 2013.
Transport Sector
Training Programme
To reduce fuel consumption in
vehicles and to promote energy
efficient vehicles, ECCJ conducted a
practical trial training on eco-driving
in Bengaluru from 5 to 7 November
2013. Driver training instructors from
various transport undertakings took
part in the training. To assess the
impact of training, trainees were
examined on a test track of 4.2 kms
on gasoline driven vehicles mounted
with simulators / equipments
capable of recording distance, fuel
consumption, timing duration,
breaking and engagement of gears
before and after the training. It
revealed a reduction of 8.7% in fuel
consumption. Under ordinary traffic
conditions, 15% improvement was
achievable. PCRA is in discussion
with ECCJ to arrange a trial ecodriving programme for diesel run
cars and commercial vehicles.
An eight- day workshop - cumtraining programme was organized
by ECCJ in Japan between from 26
November to 5 December 2013 on
energy management in buildings.
Representatives from PCRA, Oil
Companies, BEE, TERI, NBCC, NCCBM
attended the programme.
Energy Audit Manual
Support has been sought from ECCJ
on developing suitable SOP manual
for energy audits in Pulp and Paper
Industry. The manual is expected to
be released soon.
upcoming Seminar on fuel
Saving measures
PCRA is planning to organize a
Seminar in India with the assistance
of technical experts from ECCJ to
explore fuel saving measures in oil
refining and petrochemical sector.
It is expected to be conducted in
January 2014.
Future PLANS
Site photograph of participants of ECIN12 training program at Daikin Industries, Japan
18
active conservation techniques  October-December, 2013
Joint activities proposed for the
next year are: (i) Trial training of Eco
Driving on diesel run vehicles (Truck,
Bus and Cars) during FY 2014-15.;
(ii) Introduction of energy efficient
technology and equipment for
industrial sector under PAT Scheme;
(iii) Green management system
including vehicle maintenance.
Low Cost Water Lifting Technology:
Tool for Poverty Eradication
A Technical Note on Treadle Pump prepared by Gramodaya Rachnatmak Vikash Sansthan, Sohasa, Uttar Pradesh
T
here can be no doubt that
water is sine-quo-non for all
agricultural activities worldwide. However, access to water is a
critical factor for irrigation, especially
for rural poor. In India, an unpredictable monsoon coupled with an
increasing demand for food production, (at the self-sustenance as well
as commercial levels) has induced
an imperative need for irrigation
options other than those that are
either extremely laborious and time
consuming or simply too expensive
for the smallholder farmers. So,
while the rich farmer banks on costly
systems such as electric and diesel
pumps to extract groundwater for
irrigating their large acres of land,
the smallholder farmer has no option other than using the tedious
traditional water lifting devices to
irrigate their small holdings.
Over the years, Gramodaya Rachnatmak Vikash Sansthan, with the
help of Petroleum Conservation
Research Association has worked to
improve the livelihoods of the rural
poor through promoting appropriate affordable income generating
technologies leading to additional
wealth creation for the stallholder
farmers. The low cost water lifting
technology, also called the treadle
pump promoted by the Gramodaya
Rachnatmak Vikash Sansthan, has
several key advantages over the
traditional water lifting devices and
the costly diesel and electric pumps
for the stallholder farmer.
Of paramount significance is the
affordability factor which makes
this technology accessible for the
smallholder farmers. The treadle
pump is
•
•
•
•
Easy to install and operate
Light and portable
Sturdy and durable
Negligible repair and maintenance cost
• Has a 5 inch (each) twin barrel
diameter
• Is made of CRC sheet and
weighs approximately 18 kg
• Is ideal for lifting water from
water table depth ranging upto
5 m (maximum lift 8 m)
• Is also used for surface water
extraction by connecting a PVC
section pipe for the pump with
GI bed pipe
• Has water output of approximately 5000-6000 liters per
hour (depending on user’s body
weight)
• Market areas in India include Orissa, West Bengal, UP
Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh.
Some Facts
The treadle pump (commonly known
as pedal pump) is a low-lift high
capacity human-powered pump
water lifting device similar in principal to the hand pump. A hand
pump consists of a single barrel or
cylinder with water being pumped
using one’s hands, whereas the pedal
October-December, 2013  active conservation techniques 19
pump comprises two cylinders and
requires foot operation for lifting
water, hence called a pedal pump.
A gender friendly technology, the
treadle pump employs the user’s
body weight and leg muscles in a
comfortable walking motion making
the use of the pump sustainable for
extended periods of time without excessive fatigue. One may even make
a comfortable sitting arrangement
and pedal while being seated.
The pump is usually installed on
15” tube wells (made of GI, PVC or
bamboo) but can also be fitted on
3” to 5” tube wells (by using relevant
reducer sockets) that are meant for
installing electric and diesel pumps
respectively. Besides, most of the
models of the treadle pump can be
used for drawing surface water, such
as from ponds, canals, streams and
open wells (by connecting a suction
pipe to the pump with an elbow
shaped pipe). All models of treadle
pump mentioned have a life span of
approximately 4-6 yrs.
The treadle pump is appropriate
for irrigating about one acre of
cultivable land and hence is ideal
for vegetable cultivation. However,
farmers use the pump to cultivate
paddy wheat, oilseed and even sugarcane in some areas. Ground water
resource management has become
a major concern on the part of development voluntary organization.
High tech macro irrigation systems
that were adopted in the 1950 and
1960 badly affected the ground wa-
5” Metal Treadle Pump
1. Picot Pin
2. Bucket Washer
3. Disc Valve
4. Foot Rest
5. Equalis
6. Pedal
7. Plunger
8. Cylinder
9. Junction Box
ter table and distanced the poor and
the marginal farmers from gaining
access and control over groundwater
resources. It was both capital intensive and technologically hazardous.
Under this technology, poor farmers
could never become owners. They
rather became servants.
Treadle pumps have proved to be
appropriate alternative rural technology for groundwater resource
use and management. Instead of
macro irrigation which feed big
farms, treadle pumps provide micro
irrigation to even smallest patch of
land and make it useful for vegetable
production.
Treadle pumps have ensured sustainable social and economic development of the poor and the
marginalized farmers by enabling
them gain access to appropriate
technology. Treadle pumps have
also benefited the resources of poor
women farmers by enabling them
access to micro irrigation. Economic
and social impacts of treadle pump
on the poor and marginal farmers
are immense. Some of these are:
enhanced productivity for small
holdings; food security and nutrition
to the poor; increased production of
vegetable crops; and availability of
drinking water for animals and allied
household water use.
10. Suction Pipe Holder
11. Stand
20
active conservation techniques  October-December, 2013
The experimentation with treadle
pumps was demand driven. This
has stimulated a lot of interest on
the part of the development administrators of Deoria, Kushinagar,
Gorakhpur and Maharajganj districts
of Uttar Pradesh. The demonstration
effect of the treadle pumps has extended beyond the boundary of the
state to Betia and Gopalgunj districts
of Bihar.
Special features
of treadle pump
nZero use of power and fuel
nPer
30 mt use of TP saves 0 23
litre diesel
nEven a child can operate
nLow cost technology
nAppropriate rural technology
nNo operational cost
nEnvironment friendly
nNon polluting technology
nPoor friendly
nLight maintenance
nCan be operated at any time
nRational use of water
nSuitable for vegetable
cultivation & Kitchen
gardening
nCan be installed at any place
nSpace efficient
nSaves time and health hazards
nEasy to maintain
nNo sound pollution
nRound the year service
nLabour intensive
nAfford able cost
nSaves water loss through
percolation and evaporation
nHigh customer demand
nWater lifting capacity 2-3 litre
per second
The mechanical parts
Cylinder diameter
No. of cylinders
Rubber valves
Socket between 2 valves
Water flowing plate
Separator wall of the cylinder dia
Piston
Length
Diameter of piston
Washer
Metal pedals
Lever
Metal stand
Socket
GI suction pipe
PVC pipe
PVC pipe drilled
Polythene net
Nylon chord
Centre shocket
Nuts & Bolts
5 inch
2 (fixed pair left to right)
2 nos
½ inch dia
10 inch (fixed with pump)
2 cm thick & 2inch high
2 nos for 2 cylinders
10 inch
4 inch
2 nos for 2 Piston
1pair (left & right)
1 nos
2 ft
½ inch dia
1 ½ inch dia + 5 ft ling pipe
1 ½ inch dia + 20 ft ling pipe
1 ½ inch dia + 20 ft ling pipe
60 ft long x 4 inch breadth
50 ft long
1 ½ inch – 1 No
12 Nos
Function of different parts
Cylinder
Rubber valve
Water flowing plate & separator
Piston
Washer
Pedals
Metal stand
Socket
GI Section pipe
PVC pipe
Drilled PVC pipe
Polythene Net
Nylon chord
Adhesive solution
Central socket
PVC Cap
Nuts & Bolts
holding water coming from suction pipe
Valvular function
Channelise water flow
Pumping up water by suction
Fixed on piston head for effective suctions
Pistons are driven by pedals
Installation and foundation of pump set
joining GI pipe with cylinder
Vertical flow of water & strengthen PVC pipe
Vertical flow of water & strengthen PVC pipe
Filtered water enters through drilled holes
Filtration of water
Fixing the net on drilled PVC
Fixing PVC pipe
Joining PVC pipes with GI pipe
Prevents entry of pebbles and mud with
water underground
Joining the piston, Joining the lever, Joining
pedals, Joining the stand & cylinder
October-December, 2013  active conservation techniques 21
Series of Nukkad Nataks in Bangalore
During Eco Driving Workshop &
Tra i n i n g at B a n g a l o re, P C R A
conducted several Nukkad Nataks
in the city on 5th & 6th November
2013 under the guidance of Shri.
G N Srinivas, SRO PCRA, Belgaum.
The first natak was performed in
front of the State Transport Minister
Shri. Ramalinga Reddy, who was
impressed with the oil conservation
theme.
Another natak was pefomred at BMTC
depot in Jayanagar & Malleshwaram.
PCRA nukkad team also conducted a
natak at BPCL retail outlets & COCO’s.
This Nukkad performance attracted
the general public and got their
attention. Energy Conservation was
best explained through these street
plays. A lot of people enjoyed these
nataks.
Earlier PCRA had conducted such
nataks in other towns of Karnataka,
namely Belgaum Chitradurga,
Tumkur and Mysore.
A view of Nukkad Nataks
Demos on Fuel Conservation at Red Lights in Delhi
Under mega campaign on conservation of fuel,
PCRA organized demonstrations at several red
lights of Delhi. Six volunteers holding placards
displaying fuel conservation tips were deployed at
select intersections/ signals from 9 to 11 o’clock in
the morning for five days from 11 to 15 November
2013. Motorists evinced keen interest and many of
them slowed or stopped their vehicles to have full
view of the placards. Delhi Police extended valuable
cooperation in executing this program.
Volunteers holding placards displaying fuel conservation tips
save fuel yaani save money
22
active conservation techniques  October-December, 2013
October-December, 2013  active conservation techniques 23

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