Is there a Future for Enhanced Oil Recovery? Erling H. Stenby 22 August 2014 About me • PhD 1985: EOR – a study on model systems • Professor of Applied Thermodynamics since 1996 • Director of CERE 1994-2014 • Department Head of DTU Chemistry since 2010 • Scientific Director for EOR at DHRTC since 1 July 2014 CERE – a multi disciplinary center DTU Chemistry DTU Civil Engineering DTU Chemical Engineering DTU Compute DTU Space > 50 Researchers and PhDs ~ 10 Technicians and Admin International guests ~ 20 Thesis projects ? ? PROCESSING FLOW ASSURANCE ROCK PHYSICS GEOPHYSICS RESERVOIR PROCESSES CERE Consortium 2014 A New Initiative from 1 July 2014: DHRTC • Research center based at DTU in collaboration with: – KU, AAU, AU and GEUS • Funded by DUC: – Maersk Oil, Shell, Chevron and Nordsøfonden • Budget: – DKK 1.000.000.000 over 10 years • Objectives: – Carry out research that can lead to enhanced oil recovery in the Danish North Sea as well as increase the recruitment base for the Danish oil and gas industry Danish Oil Production Danish Energy Authority, 2010 Danish Energy Authority, 2013 Temperature: 50 – 200oC Pressure: 300 - 1000 atm 0.007 mm Micrometer Centimeter Meter 12 Micrometer Knudshoved Sprogø DTU Centimeter Ordrup Halsskov Meter Halfdan Field 13 Danish Oil Production 15 What is the role of oil? •A short explanation follows… http://www.ted.com/talks/hans_rosling_and_the_ magic_washing_machine 16 What is the role of oil? •A short explanation follows… •The basis for our modern society and thus Power –Development of society: • Economy and prosperity –Geo politics: War and peace 17 18 IEA World Energy Outlook 2008 19 IEA World Energy Outlook 2008 Coffee Break Problem How big is the potential? EOR (Enhanced Oil Recovery) Natural gas N2 CO2 ? 26% 74% ? +1% ~ DKK 70 billion Oil production mechanisms •Primary recovery –Use of the inherent energy of the system •Secondary recovery –Energy added to the system in form of injected fluids •Tertiary/enhanced oil recovery –Mobilizing the trapped residual oil Oil Recovery Primary •Drive mechanisms Secondary •Drive mechanisms –Oil expansion –Pressure maintenance –Solution gas drive –Water flooding –Gas cap expansion –Immiscible gas –Water drive EOR Processes Gas injection simulations How to recover more oil? • Mobilize remaining oil • Sweep unswept areas Advanced Oil Recovery Methods • Miscible gas injection: CO2, Hydrocarbon gas – Change in oil composition = change in properties: Viscosity, interfacial tension, Sor • Chemical flooding: Polymer, Surfactant, Alkaline – Change of water composition = change in properties: Viscosity, interfacial tension, wettability, Sor • Thermal recovery: Steam injection, In-situ combustion – Change in reservoir temperature = change in oil properties – Change in oil composition = change in oil properties: Viscosity, Miscibility conditions, Upgrading Advanced Oil Recovery Methods • Drawbacks: – Cost – Delayed production – Risk of failure = no effect – Risk of failure = lower production, e.g. plugging and other types of reservoir damage 35 The Weyburn Field in Canada CO2 EOR Research at DTU • CO2 for EOR CO2 • Advanced Water Flooding • Chemical Flooding – Surfactants • Thermal EOR CH4 C10 – In-Situ Combustion C4 – SAGD – Steam + Solvents • Microbial and Enzymatic EOR • Advanced simulation methods • Rock Mechanics The Potential and Challenges of CO2 EOR in the Danish Chalk Erling H. Stenby Center for Energy Resources Engineering – CERE Technical University of Denmark, DTU Co-authors: M. Monzurul Alam, Ben Niu, Ida L. Fabricius, Wei Yan, Center for Energy Resources Engineering, DTU Helle F. Christensen, Frederik P. Ditlevsen, Morten L. Hjuler, Danish Geotechnical Institute, GEO Dan Olsen, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Objective of WP 1: Rock – Fluid Interactions To quantify the effect of CO2-flooding of chalk on: • Borehole stability (Shear strength properties) • Compaction and subsidence (Pore collapse strength) • Stiffness parameters Deliverables are data for: • Reservoir modeling (compaction drive) • Numerical modeling of borehole stability • Petrophysical interpretation Wormholes Problem Wormholes have compromised test results in previous studies Problem solution Estimate highest allowable flooding rate from Da and Pe and staying below Result Efforts successful – no wormholes detected in this test series 37 mm Wormholes on chalk end surface! Petrography: Tor Formation Porosity: 26% Permeability: 0.8 mD BET: 1.7 m2/g Ca-carbonate: 98.6% calcite quartz smectite dolomite Petrography: Ekofisk Formation Porosity: 32% Permeability: 0.6 mD BET: 3.5 m2/g Ca-carbonate: 88.3% calcite quartz kaolinite Major Flooding Results Formation Tor Porosity Gas perm 26 % 1.1 mD Ekofisk 33 % 0.73 mD So, start of waterflood 0.64 0.65 So, end waterflood 0.10 0.43 So, end CO2-flood 0.018 0.15 Sg, end CO2-flood 0.57 0.58 Produced oil, waterflood 84 %OOIP 34 %OOIP Produced oil, CO2-flood 13 %OOIP 44 %OOIP Residual oil, end CO2 flood 2.8 %OOIP 22 %OOIP Overview of the Experimental Setup Ekofisk: Gas flooding EOR through CO2 Utilization o No negative effect on borehole stability and compaction o Some effect on stiffness of the Tor formation o No negative interaction with the South Arne oil o New generic data and modelling on CO2+brine o Increased recovery from the Tor formation o Dramatically increased recovery from the Ekofisk formation EOR in Denmark • • • • • CO2 was promising but… Water works but… Natural gas is valuable but… Time is running… Therefore DHRTC has been started and it needs to be very focused. Besides EOR… Unconventional Resources •Gas hydrates in oceans and polar regions •Oil sand / Bitumen •Extra heavy oil •Deep water (> 3 km) •Deep reservoirs, HP/HT (> 5 km) •Arctic oil Oil sand - SAGD (Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage) NextOil: HPHT • The petroleum industry is a growth industry • The potential in Denmark is enormous! • It involves economy, science, and politics • It is challenging, difficult, and fun 54 Thank you for listening! [email protected]
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