WINTER 2014 Inside Australia’s blood supply is considered one of the safest in the world, find out why. MORE INSIDE! Do something special. Give blood. Call 13 14 95 or visit donateblood.com.au Contents 3 The perfect match 4 How safe is your blood? 5 6 Borough vs Bay Blood Drive Blood donors stand out in the crowd 7 Club Red 8 Special donors save thousands of unborn babies 9 World Blood Donor Day 10 Blast from the past 12 Crossword & Sudoku A drop of his blood is rarer than a sapphire NSW/ACT Michael is one of only a few registered blood donors in the world with the rare Bombay negative blood type. Michael Morris is one of only a few registered blood donors in the world with the rare Bombay blood type. Only one in four million people have the Bombay blood type. Tell us what you think We’d love to know what you think of Life magazine. Send your feedback, ideas and suggestions to: [email protected] You can also use this email address to subscribe/unsubscribe to the publication. 2 Michael’s blood donations helped to support a young boy with the same blood type a few years ago who had Thalassemia (an inherited blood disorder which results in severe anaemia). The boy required a bone marrow transplant to try to change his blood type, as he would otherwise need Bombay blood every two months for the rest of his life, which couldn’t be supported due to the limited number of Bombay donors. Michael is now enjoying life on the Central Coast with his wife, and continues to donate when needed. The ABO blood group system includes an antigen called H. The A and B proteins attach to the H protein people with type A and/or B blood, while people with type O have just the H protein on its own. Individuals of the rare Bombay blood type lack the H antigen which is the precursor structure on which A and B antigens are formed. They can only be transfused with Bombay blood. “My dad is a rare blood group and also a rare gem.” Michael is now enjoying life on the Central Coast with his wife, and continues to donate when needed. His daughter, comedian and TV personality Julia Morris, is very proud and says: “My dad is a rare blood group and also a rare gem.” Do something special. Give blood. Call 13 14 95 or visit donateblood.com.au WINTER 2014 The perfect match My name is Shane Wicks and I have been fortunate enough to be a bone marrow donor. I initially went on the bone marrow registry nearly 17 years ago when a friend of mine, Bob, was diagnosed with leukaemia. I had known Bob for many years through my involvement with our local surf club. After a long battle with leukaemia it was revealed that Bob required a bone marrow transplant to try to overcome his cancer. A large group of fellow surf club members and I were tested to see if we were a match for a bone marrow donation for Bob. He was a very well respected member of our community and had been a mentor to me and many young people. He was a wonderful man that lost his battle with leukaemia, but left behind a strong legacy. I was not a match for Bob but remained on the bone marrow registry until I was contacted last year, almost 17 years after originally going on the registry. I was told that I could be a match to an anonymous person. The bone marrow registry asked if I would be willing to be a donor, I did not need to think about it and agreed to participate in further testing. When it was revealed that I was a match I was really happy that I was able to help someone. I am a paramedic and come across a lot of sick people, including those with terminal cancer and it felt really good that I may be able to help someone overcome their terrible illness. All throughout the procedure, from initial testing to undergoing the procedure I was very well looked after. The staff at the bone marrow donor centre were extremely supportive. I was given lots of information and counselling so that I could be prepared for the procedure. The bone marrow donor centre very kindly accommodated my wife and I in a lovely motel when I underwent the bone marrow donation and generously helped with our travelling costs. The staff at the hospital ensured that the procedure went smoothly and were very caring. I recovered well from the procedure, I had a couple of days where I experienced a bit of pain but generally I was quite OK. The entire experience was very rewarding for me and I feel fortunate to be given a unique opportunity to help someone. I was also fortunate to experience a lot of support from family friends and my community. The Ambulance service became aware that I was going to be a bone marrow donor and the media liaison officer NSW/ACT contacted various media so that I could tell my story in order to promote the good work of the bone marrow registry and hopefully encourage other people to participate. I appeared on the TV and was interviewed for the radio and the newspaper. My three children thought that it was pretty cool that their dad was on the TV and in the paper and I found it a little overwhelming. I hope that the person who received my bone marrow is doing well and I look forward to receiving updates on how they are doing. BONE MARROW FEATURE Shane was fortunate to be given an opportunity to help save someone with his donation. Tuesday is books and blood day for Orange’s Hennie Moore The lovely Hennie Moore is a regular plasma donor at Orange Donor Centre, she visits every two weeks on a Tuesday morning. Being a blood donor is just one of Hennie’s volunteering contributions, she enjoys volunteering in the community but says donating blood is one of the easiest volunteering jobs you could do. “Being a blood donor is just one of Hennie’s volunteering contributions” Hennie started donating blood in her 20s and stopped for a bit while she had children. Then her children started donating and she thought well if they can so can I, she now donates plasma and said it is one of the easiest ways of volunteering. She comes with her book and puts her feet up every second Tuesday to make a lifesaving plasma donation. 3 How safe is your blood? Every week, Australia needs 27,000 blood donations. With dedicated donors rolling up their sleeves and donating to save lives, the Australian Red Cross Blood Service is entrusted with safely supplying this blood to treat patients who rely on blood and blood products to survive. A privilege, it’s also a mighty responsibility – and it’s one the Blood Service takes very seriously. “Australia’s blood supply is considered one of the safest in the world,” explained Sue Ismay, the Blood Service’s National Production Manager. “Along with a number of other countries, such as Canada, the United States of America, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands, we ensure we have strong strategies in place to mitigate the risks associated with blood transfusion.” With the safety and quality of Australia’s blood an important driver of the organisation, the ‘lines of defence’ to ensure and maintain the safety of the blood supply are strongly in place. With state-of-the-art processing centres and scientific testing to ensure such safety, a heavy focus on education is another important layer in upholding these safety standards. “We focus heavily on educating our donors about the importance of keeping our blood supply safe,” said Sue. “Every time a person gives blood they must meet donor eligibility criteria by answering a donor questionnaire – this is designed to safeguard the health of the donor and the patient and identify any potential risks. The reality is, we can’t give a 100 per cent safety guarantee – after all, blood is a biological product, not a pharmaceutical one. It can’t be sterilised, infectious agents have incubation periods which means that donations can be made during the window period before evidence of infection may be detected in the donor and there may be emerging infectious agents for which we are not yet able to test. This is why we use other tools like education and the donor questionnaire to ensure safety.” In addition, the Blood Service also tests all blood donations for blood type, the presence of red cell antibodies and for markers for the following infections: HIV1 and 2, hepatitis B and C, HTLV I and II (Human T-cell lymphocytotropic virus) and syphilis. The level of meticulous testing continues, with some donations also tested for malaria, depending on the answers provided on the donor “We strive for excellence – we want to be the best at what we do.” 4 national questionnaire, as well as CMV (cytomegalovirus), a ubiquitous virus that doesn’t pose a risk to healthy people, but can cause life-threatening illness if an immune system is compromised. All platelets are also tested for bacterial contamination. “The test methods and systems used for detecting these infectious agents are both specific and sensitive - they include nucleic acid testing (NAT) which detects viruses, serological testing which detects antibodies that are formed when people are exposed to infectious agents and blood culture tests to detect bacteria,” explained Sue. Beyond the donor centres and processing laboratories, the Blood Service is also constantly searching for continued improvement opportunities – whether it’s learning about emerging agents, implementing new protocols and tests, purchasing new equipment and employing technology to ensure the safety of our blood is the very best it possibly could be. “We’re committed to making safety and quality a part of everything we do.” said Sue. “We’re always monitoring our processes looking for better ways to do things. We strive for excellence – we want to be the best at what we do.” WINTER 2014 Borough vs Bay Blood Drive QLD Rescue chopper supports our call for O neg Mackay’s RACQ Central Queensland Rescue helicopter service has thrown its support behind the call for blood donors, particularly those with O negative type blood. QLD The medical team that fly on board the rescue helicopter use O negative blood products to treat patients who are injured. Maryborough Wallaroos players line up at the Maryborough Blood Donor Centre. Photo by Tracey Joynson, courtesy of Fraser Coast Chronicle. The age old rivalry between Queensland towns Hervey Bay and Maryborough has proved to be advantageous for the Blood Service. The campaign drew widespread community support with football players, politicians and business leaders keen to spread the message and battle it out for town pride. Throughout April and May, residents from both towns were encouraged to put their competitive spirit to good use by rolling up their sleeves as part of the inaugural Borough vs Bay Blood Drive. The bloodiest battle was waged between the Hervey Bay Seagulls and the Maryborough Wallaroos who staged an A-grade rugby league showdown, with the Wallaroos coming off second best. Instead of licking their wounds, the Wallaroos decided to do something positive and save lives The goal during the challenge was for 2000 blood donations and 200 new blood donors. Seven weeks into the campaign, Hervey Bay had inched ahead of the competition on 90 per cent in front of Maryborough’s 89 per cent in the total blood donations needed stakes. Hervey Bay also showed their dominance in the new donors category, sitting on 46 versus 36 for Maryborough. Blood Service Community Relations Officers Barry Lynch and Beck Ind said the Fraser Coast had a lower number of new blood donors than many other regions across Queensland. Instead of licking their wounds, the Wallaroos decided to do something positive and save lives. The whole team went into the Maryborough Blood Donor Centre to give blood. State Member for Hervey Bay Ted Sorensen, Member for Maryborough Anne Maddern, and Maryborough Chamber of Commerce President Craig Winter also joined the battle by encouraging the local business community to sign up for the Blood Service’s Club Red program by getting together with workmates and donating as a group. Ms Ind said Club Red was a great way to build team spirit and camaraderie in an organisation. “It doesn’t cost any money, and everyone walks away knowing they’ve given the gift of life to others,” she said. Mr Lynch said the inaugural Borough vs Bay battle has galvanised community spirit and the event was likely to become an annual campaign. RACQ Rescue Flight paramedics Justin Craib and Damien Ross with Red Cross Blood Service Community Relations Officer Sandy Holmes. O negative is the universal blood type that can be used to treat trauma patients in an emergency, no matter what their blood type. The rescue helicopter crew collect the blood they need from Mackay Base Hospital on their way to accident scenes. Already this year, the helicopter crew have treated two patients who needed urgent blood transfusions. “Having this blood available certainly buys our doctors and flight paramedics the time they need to get critically injured people to a hospital and into critical care, which ultimately helps save lives,” said RACQ Central Queensland Rescue spokesperson Louise Clare. Only nine percent of Australians have O negative type blood, and being the universal blood type, it is always in demand. To give blood call 13 14 95 or visit donateblood.com.au 5 Blood donors stand out in a crowd Blood donor Laura Keays is using photography to encourage more people to donate. SA/NT Laura said she embarked on the project to change the perception that donating blood is difficult or takes too much time. “I want people to realise that they have the chance to save a life,” she said. Laura’s photograph depicts a single donor rolling up their sleeves surrounded by a crowd of people who are unable or unwilling to give blood. “In my picture there is a lady who is pregnant, a child and a girl under the age of 16, all unable to donate. There are also people who think they are too busy to donate with day to day things like shopping, playing with kids, work commitments or socialising,” Laura said. The picture demonstrates that while others may not be eligible or may be too busy to donate, you can be the one who stands out and helps to save a life. Photograph by Laura Keys Generous donors in Ringwood In the space of only one year the relocated Ringwood Blood Donor Centre has already received more than 22,000 donations from the local community. Speaking about the milestone Blood Service Community Relations Officer Sarah Lacey said it had been a massive year for the centre. “While moving three doors down might not seem like a big deal, the new premises has been great for donors and staff alike,” Ms Lacey said. “The donors like the fresh new look of the centre, and it has provided a great working environment for the team. “In only the first 12 months of operation the centre has already collected 22,000 donations, including more than 1000 plasma donations above target – this is a fantastic achievement all thanks to our incredibly generous donors.” To celebrate their first birthday the Ringwood Blood Donor Centre hosted a morning tea for donors on Monday 19 May and had special treats on hand for donors throughout the birthday week. 6 VIC/TAS Happy 1st Birthday Ringwood WINTER 2014 CLUB RED Emergency Services Challenge Although our emergency services personnel are heroes in their daily duties, they are now saving lives in a different kind of way by rolling up their sleeves and giving blood together. Club Red Breakfast The annual National Emergency Services Challenge – part of the Blood Service’s Club Red group donation program – takes place Monday 16 June through Friday 15 August. Representatives for Ambulance, Fire, Police, State Emergency Services and more are participating in a friendly competition to see who can save the most lives through blood donation and take out the title. In 2013 the Emergency Services combined to help save over 6,000 lives – an incredible achievement and testament to the remarkable contributions these organisations make to the Australian community. Tasmania’s inaugural Club Red launch saw more than 15 participating local businesses and groups attend breakfast to learn more about the Blood Service’s group blood donation program. The Australian Red Cross Centenary Australian Red Cross is proudly celebrating 100 years of people helping people. VIC/TAS Our Centenary is a story about the extraordinary generosity and compassion of everyday Australians. It’s our chance to thank generations of Australians who have served the nation during times of war, disaster or personal crisis and through the blood service. Share your story of helping or being helped Share your story of helping or being helped or tell us about your vision for Red Cross. You can send your words, pictures, audio and video to our website, via email or by post. Visit the Centenary Story Collection at www.redcross.org.au/centenary, email [email protected] or post stories to: Centenary Stories, GPO Box 2952, Melbourne Vic 3001. Celebrating the Australian Red Cross Centenary, with a garden party in the grounds of Government House, Hobart, were the Governor of Tasmania Hon. Peter Underwood, Navy Commanding Officer for Tasmania Stacey Porter, and the Blood Service’s Community Relations Officer, Graham Innes. 7 Special donors save thousands of unborn babies Every month over 11,000 Anti-D injections are given to mothers from across Australia. These donors all have a negative blood type and also have an antibody called Anti-D. These injections are used to prevent Haemolytic Disease of the Newborn (HDN), a serious condition that without Anti-D could affect and cause serious complications to the babies of 17 per cent of mothers. Few people and even fewer donors are able to produce Anti-D which means the Blood Service rely heavily on a small group of donors to supply this special, life-saving product. HDN is caused when a mother has a negative blood type and her baby has a positive blood type. During pregnancy a small amount of the baby’s blood can pass into the mother’s blood stream. This causes the mother’s body to produce antibodies that can destroy the baby’s red blood cells and can lead to serious complications for the baby, including severe anaemia, brain damage and in some cases the baby’s death. To prevent HDN, Anti-D injections are given to pregnant women who have a negative blood group. They receive the injections twice while pregnant and once after the delivery of their baby. Anti-D injections are available thanks to the donations made by a unique group of blood donors with Rh (D) negative blood. Laraine Shearwin is one of 34 special donors currently part of the Anti-D program in South Australia. She was approached to join ten years ago when it was first introduced in the state. “If I ever get sick, I would hope that someone would be there to help me in the same way.” Laraine had been a blood donor since she was 18. She was familiar with Anti-D, having received it herself during her pregnancy and agreed to take part. Ten years on Laraine has made a total of 250 donations and currently donates as often as fortnightly. “I see it as a way of volunteering. I factor the time into my fortnightly schedule” Laraine said. Remarkably, her donations have contributed to saving the lives of 2500 babies, but she is humble about her achievements. “It’s not just me; there are many wonderful people who help by donating blood. All donated blood is used for something valuable,” Laraine said. Only a very select group of donors are able to give Anti-D, but many more people can help by simply becoming blood donors. Generally, if you’re aged between 16 and 70 and feeling healthy and well you may be able to donate blood. Laraine is very passionate about getting more people involved. “More people, and particularly young people, should donate. It takes very little of your time but you are doing a great thing for others, including children with cancer,” she said. “If I ever get sick, I would hope that someone would be there to help me in the same way.” This year is the tenth year of the Anti-D program in South Australia. The Blood Service Medical Services team celebrating Laraine’s 250th donation Pictured from left: Julie-Anne Bates, Dr. Carolyn Wilson, Laraine Shearwin, Jessie Wallis, Dr. Jan Maddern and Dr. Helen Ingham. 8 SA/NT WINTER 2014 Give blood for those who give life this World Blood Donor Day World Blood Donor Day took place on Saturday 14 June to thank blood donors for their generous, life-saving gift. Blood donors selflessly give the gift of life to people they’ll never meet. When we think of people receiving blood, we think of cancer patients and road accident victims. In fact, a recent study by the University of Sydney found that over the last decade the number of women needing transfusions when they give birth has risen dramatically. According to the research, the rate of haemorrhage recorded had almost doubled, from four to seven per cent of births, and as many as one in 10 women could be experiencing it. We often forget there is another group of patients who need blood – mothers. This year World Blood Donor Day focussed on why access to blood is essential to save the lives of women giving birth. The rate of blood transfusions had increased 33 per cent, to 1.6 per cent of mothers. Every day about 800 women around the world die from pregnancy or childbirth-related complications, according to the World Health Organisation and timely access to safe blood and blood products is essential to prevent this. The Blood Service requires over 27,000 donations per week to keep the blood supply flowing. One in three Australians will need blood or blood products in their lifetime, yet only one in three donates. Severe bleeding during delivery and after childbirth is a major cause of mortality and long-term disability, so blood transfusions are essential. Some may be surprised to learn that in a developed country like Australia, women are not immune to the dangers of childbirth. Safe blood for saving mothers Students sign up to save lives Students from High Schools across Perth have signed up to be Youth Ambassadors for the Australian Red Cross Blood Service. The Youth Ambassador Program teaches one teacher and four students from participating schools all about giving blood and how they have the ability to help save the lives of many Australians. The Kolling Institute at the University of Sydney studied every birth in New South Wales in the vic/tas past 10 years. It found one in 71 women needed a blood transfusion during or after the birth of their baby, with even more experiencing haemorrhage. The Schools Challenge encourages students to donate together as a group with their friends. At the same time it encourages and educates the next generation of blood donors about Australia’s need for blood and how students can help save lives. At the ages of just 16 and 17, the Youth Ambassadors are an inspiring example to For more information about blood donation call 13 14 95 or visit donateblood.com.au community members of all ages. Their generosity and community spirit make a life-saving difference to blood recipients from all over the country. Not only are they making a commitment to save lives personally, they’re also dedicated to encouraging other students to do the same through blood donation as part of the Schools Challenge. With 28,500 new youth donors needed this year, the Blood Service is calling on more schools to sign up to their Youth Ambassador Program. As part of their training, the new Blood Service ambassadors enjoyed a training day at the Perth Donor Centre. Here they were able to meet other donors and tour the facility to learn about what happens to the blood after it’s donated. They were also treated to a visit from Blood Service mascot Billy the Blood Drop. A Youth Ambassador’s role includes organising blood drives at their school, giving presentations to other students promoting blood donation, and booking visits to the local blood donor centre. They are responsible for encouraging and assisting other students to make a blood donation as part of the Schools Challenge. WA The new Blood Service ambassadors learning about blood donation with Billy the Blood Drop. 9 VIC/TAS Above: Former employees enjoying the new look of the Melbourne Processing Centre; and left: Trish Richards with her colleagues circa 1960. Blast from the past It’s not every day people get to visit the organisation they worked for up to 60 years ago, but for six former Australian Red Cross Blood Service employees the chance to visit the Blood Service’s Melbourne Processing Centre (MPC) was too good to pass up. The former nurses aids, laboratory worker, Store Supervisor and Operations Manager all took the time recently to tour the state of the art, award winning facilities at MPC as part of their quarterly lunch catch up. A former nursing aid, Jill Doyle, began taking blood at the Flinders St Donor and Processing Centre in 1965, and spent most of her career taking blood at the donor centre at the Royal Women’s Hospital until it closed in 1991. She observed many changes over the years. “Most [donors] were introduced to blood donation because they were relatives of patients,” Jill said. “My work included sharpening needles, and because blood donations were collected in glass bottles we had to keep shaking the bottles to ensure the anti-coagulant was well mixed. That’s why we were called ‘shakers’! 10 “We even made the crochet bags for hanging the bottles. When plastic bags came in during the early 1970s it was a lot better, but we still had to rock them by hand before automated shakers came in. We even made the crochet bags for hanging the bottles. “It was just one of the things you always had to think of while you talked to the donor”. Trish Richards, also a nurses aid, joined in the 1960s remembered the hard work setting up demountable units in country halls – carrying heavy canvas donor stretchers up steps, often on cold winter mornings. Another nurses aid, Liz Scully, shared similar memories, and fondly remembered the camaraderie of weekly country trips. Liz Edwards worked in the laboratory making blood cell panels – kits that contain small blood samples of known type to allow hospitals to determine the blood type of patients. Meeting up with several long serving current staff with whom she used to worked was a real thrill. Former Operations Manager Syd Guthrie has worked in three Melbourne-based blood processing centres since he began working for what was then called the Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, and was delighted to visit a fourth. Syd began working at the Transfusion Service when it was based at the Royal Melbourne Hospital in 1956. The service only remained at the Hospital for another three years before operations moved to 114 Flinders Street – a location many long-term donors still remember. Two decades later in 1979, the Blood Service relocated to the South Melbourne (Southbank) processing centre, where it stayed home until 2012. The South Melbourne processing centre was at the time, state-of-the-art, with many features gleaned from visits to overseas blood services. After retiring in the 1990s Syd was delighted to see the ‘truly magnificent new Melbourne Processing Centre’ incorporating some of the design features he had originally advocated for some 35 years prior. While amazed and impressed by the developments and improvements that had been made, one thing was exactly the same. The blood being processed was only there because of the generosity of volunteer blood donors. WINTER 2014 Multi-award winner What wins greatest battle yet Heroes Do WA Twenty-four year old Emerson Lievense has an impressive resume. At age 16 he was the youngest person to be employed offshore in the oil and gas industry. On the completion of his apprenticeship he soon became the youngest tradesperson on site. He is now an instrument/electrical maintenance technician at Woodside Energy. He has won a Rotary Youth Leadership Award, has been a Pride of Australia – Courage Award finalist, has received an award for WA Apprentice of the Year and was a finalist in the national Australian Apprentice of the Year Award. That was just 2010. In 2011 the honours he received included WA Youth Volunteer of the Year, an Edith Cowan University Award for Leadership, a WA Youth of the Year finalist, and he won the Group Training Australia Australian Apprentice of the Year and the Mark Allen Memorial Safety Award. In 2012, he won a Gold Duke of Edinburgh’s Award. Believe it or not, his greatest achievement is not even listed, because in 2011 Emerson became a cancer survivor. Emerson was a fit, healthy 20 year old when he noticed a small lump under his arm and, thanks to his father’s insistence, went for a check-up at the doctors. That small pea-sized lump turned out to be just one of a number of aggressive tumours scattered throughout his body. Emerson had a rare and aggressive form of lymphoma, known as T-cell histiocyte rich diffuse large B cell lymphoma. The next seven months of Emerson’s life became a blur as he took on the fight of his life. After first undergoing surgery to remove his dying spleen, he then underwent intensive chemotherapy. As if he hadn’t endured enough, during this time he also developed an antibiotic-resistant golden staph infection which nearly killed him. He then had to undergo an autologous stem-cell transplant to wipe the cancer from his body. It was during this battle for his life that Emerson needed several platelet transfusions. Today, Emerson has been in remission for three and a-half-years and spends the majority of his free time educating people about blood donation, men’s health and cancer, and his latest achievement – becoming a Blood Service Ambassador. “When I was diagnosed I was at the height of my physical fitness, I thought I was invincible,” Emerson said. “Like many people I took for granted that blood will be there when you need it, and I had never thought of donating blood until I had platelet transfusions. Now I am just in awe of all the donors who roll up their sleeves and donate blood. They truly saved my life. “Since I have been in remission I just get out there as much as possible to try spread the message that we can all donate blood. “The lives that blood donors change and touch are beyond measure. The gift of blood, the gift of life goes far beyond me; it affects everyone I love, and everyone who loves me. “By donating blood you will change the world for a lucky individual who’s on the receiving end.” WA Roses are red Violets are blue Roll up your sleeve You can donate too Now let me tell you, Exactly what you should do On the night of your service You should: 1 Fill up on water 2 Absorb up some sleep 3 Give yourself a reason to bulk up and eat Okay, Once you sit down and ten minutes past You’ll soon come to realise, It happened so fast When you walk out I bet you no doubt You will feel good So good you’ll shout The steps of a hero you left behind three lives you saved that day lay in the back of your mind Your blood is pure red and your veins are deep blue So are the roses and violets too Rolling up your sleeve is the easiest thing a hero can do So please donate You know you’ll gain a good mood Even if your motive was like mine and all for the food by Sophie Nguyen, Youth Ambassador at Mercy College, WA Blood Service Ambassadors, Emerson and Billy the Blood Drop promoting blood donation. 11 1 Crossword ACROSS 1. Male voice 3 7 4 5 6 8 DOWN 1. Expel from country 5. Out of harm’s way 2. Vexed 7. Shaving cut 3. Atmosphere layer 8. Flying around (planet) 4. Plant seed part 9. Pacify 5. Resolve 12. New experience 2 9 10 11 12 13 14 6. Nervously 15. More verdant 10. Foundation 19. Numb 11. Atop 21. Supplied funds for 12. Neither 22. Mellow 13. Ballot 23. Dip into drink 14. Indecent 24. Surgeons’ workplaces 15. Hooked (fish) with pole 15 16 17 18 19 20 16. Venture forth 17. Evoke 18. Positive electrodes 21 22 19. Evade 20. Confess 23 24 Sudoku Fill the grid so that every column, every row and every 3x3 box contains the numbers 1 to 9 Solutions K D U N R E I N N C A I B F M A E G R H S U E O P A D U E I K N I C R A I B A N R E E A D D R M Z O N A Y M E L D O D E N A E E L T T I I N G E S Y L T I S E I L R B E W O N O V O R R D E T O E T I O N T E G L S B H I D A F E 12 F T Thanks to Lovatts Crosswords & Puzzles for supplying these puzzles.
© Copyright 2024 ExpyDoc