Syrian Refugees in Turkey Yağmur Ak Sinem Savaşer Basri Şahin Umur Tüner Type of the Disaster Main Topic Syrian Civil War and its effects on the refugees in Turkey. Situation of refugee camps Before & After Civil War Situation of Syrian Before Civil War  One-party regime (Ba’ath Party)  Sectarian violence (shia – sunni)  No democracy, no vote, father to son  Hafez Al-Assad / Bashar Al-Assad  Hope to get more democratic system after death When did it happen? When did it happen? When did it happen? When did it happen? When did it happen? When did it happen? Why do these incidents happen? Repressive regime Media control Population growth Inspiration by Arab Spring Rebel against the State violence Droughts and uneven economy Why do they happen in Turkey? Life Conditions Easy Transport Trust towards Turkey Religion Where? In Southern East of Turkey Where? Who? Sides? INTERNAL EXTERNAL  Government - Al-Assad Regime  Government  Syrian Armed Forces  National Defense Force  Hezbollah  Opposition     Free Syrian Army – Defected Islamic Front Al-Nusra Front Al-Qaeda (Potential)  Kurdish Self-administration  Popular Protection Units (YPG)  China  Russia  Iran  Opposition         Saudi Arabia* Qatar* United Kingdom France Germany Lebanon* U.S.A. TURKEY* – Coincidence? Current Situation “According to the laws of the UN, these people were NOT refugees but guests.” - A mid-rank Turkish government official Guests, NOT Refugees WITHIN CAMPS OUT OF CAMPS  Steady governmental assistance  Lack of proper health-care and nutrition  Can work legally  Cheap Labor  Sexual Discrimination and Violence  Forced to work illegaly  Children are more preferred (Earn Less)  Risks of sexual abuse  Cultural Inadaptability Guests, NOT Refugees WITHIN CAMPS OUT OF CAMPS  Doubts on Camps’ Objectivity  Children cannot continue their education  Political View Pressures  Inability to extend resident permits  Passports expire and cannot be renewed  Inability to extend resident permits  Passports expire and cannot be renewed Non-Govermental Organizations and Their Projects • UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees) • IHH (Humanitarian Relief Foundation) • KYM (Kimse Yok Mu) • Caritas • UNICEF (United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund) GLOBAL HELP UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees) IHH (Humanitarian Relief Foundation) • Full access to camps despite any others • Ideologically close to AKP government • Mobile kitchen  hot meals for 12,000 people daily • School at Syrian camps for children • Medicine and health care service • Organize Syrian Humanitarian Aid Forums in Cenova transparency of assistance enhance life standards Aid Funds of IHH (TL) 14.069.765 18.518.335 35.085.918 30.054.149 Social Aids Food Aids Sheltering Aids Medical Care Caritas  Food, Hygene items  Blankets & Heaters  2000 families KYM  Food, Clothing & Blankets to approximately 14,000 people  Portable toilets, bathrooms, kitchens  Garbage containers UNICEF Successes - Rights Failures – Wrongs • Refugee Camps • Education Opportunities • Hot Food • Security • Reyhanlı Explosion (political issues) • Slave Refugee • Child Labor – Cheap Labor • Ethnic & Religious Conflict • Usage of camps out of purpose • Apaydın Camp • Refugee Camps • Climate Conditions • Health Conditions Housing Features Basic Needs Lessons to be learned...  Housing quality must be high  Climate conditions should be considered  Citizens rights – not as guests  Not like natural disaster; political issues  Protection for children, cheap labor or slavery Similar Events Chechen refugee crises  Russia relegate Chechenians’ from their county (23% of population) Bangladeshis liberation war  10 million bangledeshis escape from oppression of Pakistan Army Bulgarian Assimilation in Balkans  300.000 Bulgarian Turks emigrated to Turkey Tajikistan civil war  1.2 million jews are evacuated from Tajikistan Nagorno Karabakh  528.000 Azerbaijanis fled from Armenia Tajikistan Chechen Bulgarian Bangladesh Nagorno Karabakh References http://www.migrationpolicycentre.eu/docs/MPC-RR-2013-05.pdf http://syrianrefugees.eu/?page_id=80 http://www.jstor.org/stable/2539109?seq=1 https://data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/country.php?id=224# https://data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/download.php?id=4344 http://www.france24.com/en/20130513-haaretz-syria-conflict-turkeyethnic-upheaval/ http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/23257089.asp http://www.unhcr.org/52b45bbf6.html https://data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/documents.php?page=3&view= list&Language%5B%5D=1&Country%5B%5D=224