Adult Pacific lamprey: Known passage challenges and

Adult Pacific lamprey: Known passage
challenges and opportunities for improvement
Matthew Keefer1, Christopher Caudill1
& Mary Moser2
Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences University of Idaho
2Northwest
Fisheries Science Center
NOAA Fisheries
Presentation objectives
• Pacific lamprey are not Pacific salmon. . . . • Adult passage challenges – What we’ve learned – Passage barrier types • Adult passage solutions – Structural fixes – Operational fixes
Anadromous Fish Migrations
Site Infidelity
Natal Site Fidelity
Regional fidelity?
Opportunistic
spawners
Precise homing
Basin-scale fidelity
Migration system and “success”
Homing
Obstruction
Natal Stream
85% Successful
15 % Unsuccessful
SF Salmon River Chinook salmon
Migration system and “success”
Natal Stream
Obstruction
Homing:
85%
Breeding Population
15 % Unsuccessful
Site infidelity:
Obstruction
Breeding
Population
15 %
85%
Lamprey are not salmon. . . .
• How we measure ‘success’ differs • However, there are clear passage problems and human-‐created migration barriers
Research and Monitoring Programs
USFWS 2012
Passage Challenges
Main stem dams
• Research: USACE – NOAA – UI – Tribal -‐ PUD • Multiple strategies – Radio + acoustic telemetry – PIT tags – Challenge experiments
Adaptive management:
1) Identify passage problems 2) Implement, test solutions
Main stem ‘escapement’
PIT-‐tag monitoring project
60
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2011
2012
2013
Percent past (%)
50
40
30
20
10
0
BO
TD
JD
MN
Dam
Keefer et al. 2009 (N Am J Fish Manag)
IH
PR
High attrition at dams
Long-‐term monitoring indicates modest improvements
Bonneville passage by lamprey size
80
60
2005-2009 Results
40
100
2005 (n = 841)
2006 (n = 2000)
2007 (n = 757)
2008 (n = 608)
2009 (n = 368)
80
40
20
Weight (g)
0
00
>7
70
0
65
0-
65
0
60
0-
60
0
55
0-
55
0
50
0-
50
0
45
0-
45
0
40
0-
40
0
0-
35
0
0-
30
30
25
0-
25
0
0
0-
Size matters: dams present
significant challenges
for smaller lamprey
2013
60
20
Weight (g)
Percent (%)
0
35
2012
2013
20
20
025
25 0
030
30 0
035
35 0
040
40 0
045
45 0
050
50 0
055
55 0
060
60 0
065
65 0
070
0
>7
00
Percent past BON (%)
100
Dam-‐wide dam passage efficiency
10 years of Radio-tagged lamprey: # Pass / # Approach
0.8
0.6
53
12
0.4
0.2
665
158
21
2684
Far lower than salmon performance
204
Dam
Keefer et al. 2012 (Technical Synthesis Report)
D
al
le
s
Th
e
M
cN
ar
y
H
ar
bo
r
Ic
e
H
ar
bo
r
Ic
e
D
ay
Jo
hn
Bo
nn
ev
ille
0.0
M
cN
ar
y
Pass / Approach
1.0
Bonneville bottlenecks (RT)
Keefer et al. 2013 (CJFAS)
Turbulent, high velocity
Tributary barriers
Small, low-‐head diversion dams can be lamprey barriers
Umatilla dams
7 Umatilla River diversion dams
1
Variable – and sometimes
very low passage success
Mean Fitted Probability of Passing
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
3-Mile
Boyd's
Maxwell
Jackson and Moser 2013 (N Am J Fish Manag)
Dillon
Westland
Feed
Stanfield
Tributary barriers
Culverts, road crossings, hydraulic jumps
Stillwater Sciences 2014
Potential Passage Solutions
• Structural fixes at dams – Lamprey passage system (LPS) – Lamprey flume system (LFS) – Wetted wall • Concrete rounding, vertical step removal • Open access to low-‐velocity routes • Velocity-‐reducing ‘bollards’ on fishway floors
Moser et al. 2011 (Fish Manag Ecol)
Keefer et al. 2010 (N Am J Fish Manag)
Keefer et al. 2011 (Fish Manag Ecol)
LPS, LFS
>30,000 lamprey have used the BON LPS’s
BON LPS
Moser et al. 2011 (Fish Manage Ecol)
BON LFS-LPS
Diversion dam LPS
Threemile Creek
Umatilla River
LPS is a proven structural solution
Wetted wall
Existing LPS
Bradford Island fishway
Velocity-‐reducing ‘bollards’
John Day Dam N Fishway Entrance
Bollard Field
Flow
Lamprey movement in the JDD bollard field
Acoustic video imagery: 100s of lamprey
Operational solutions
• Reduced night-‐time fishway velocity – Bonneville experiment was successful – Improved lamprey access to fishways
da
h
g
i
H
y
ity
c
o
l
ve
ight
n
Low
Johnson et al. 2012 (Trans Am Fish Soc)
ity
c
o
l
ve
Barrier removal: Boyd’s diversion dam
Before removal
After removal
Passage efficiency = 32%
Passage efficiency = 81%
Jackson and Moser 2012 (N Am J Fish Manag)
Conclusions
• Lamprey passage challenges are complex – Many types of barriers – Site-‐specific issues and seasonal variability – No ‘one size fits all’ solutions • Sustained ‘adaptive management’ effort has greatly improved our understanding • The solution tool box has expanded • Many opportunities for incremental change
Jeremy Red Star Wolf, Umatilla Tribe
http://www.uidaho.edu/cnr/research/researchprograms/FERL/publications
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Jackson and Moser. 2012. Low-‐elevation dams are impediments to adult Pacific lamprey spawning migration in the Umatilla River, Oregon. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 32:548-‐556.
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Johnson et al. 2012. Movement of radio-‐tagged adult Pacific lampreys during a large-‐scale fishway velocity experiment. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 141:571-‐579.
Keefer et al. 2009. Effects of body size and river environment on the upstream migration of adult Pacific lampreys. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 29:1214-‐1224. Keefer et al. 2010. Testing adult Pacific lamprey performance at structural challenges in fishways. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 30:376-‐385. Keefer et al. 2011. Behaviour of adult Pacific lampreys in near-‐field flow and fishway design experiments. Fisheries Management and Ecology 18:177-‐189. Keefer et al. 2012. Adult Pacific lamprey passage: data synthesis and fishway improvement prioritization tools. Technical Report 2012-‐8. Keefer et al. 2013. Fishway passage bottleneck identification and prioritization: a case study of Pacific lamprey at Bonneville Dam. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 70:1551-‐1565. Moser et al. 2011. Development of Pacific lamprey fishways at a hydropower dam. Fisheries Management and Ecology 18:190-‐200.
Acknowledgements
Field and data management
T. Dick
M. Jepson
L. Martinez-Rocha
S. Lee
E. Johnson
C. Boggs
T. Clabough
D. Queampts
C. Noyes
C. Erdman
J. Renner
M. Kirk
C. Peery
Additional support
S. Tackley
T. Mackey
J. Rerecich
M. Fox
R. O’Connor
S. Hemstrom
C. Baker
NWFSC
NMFS

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