species planted

Presentation Outline
1. Introduction
2. Current Scenarios
( Why FP is essential ? )
3. Issues & Challenges
4. The Way Forward
5. Conclusion
1. Background Introduction
•
The timber/wood industry - one of the key
contributors in the State development and
economic growth.
•
In 1991, log production from the natural forests
has peaked - 19.4 million cubic meters.
•
In 1997, the State Government decided to
embark on plantation forests - to supplement
the production & to relief pressure of natural
forests.
- Ensure the sustainability of wood supply for
local processing mills & the wood-based
industries.
Background (cont…)
• Forests Ordinance amended & Planted
1997
Forests Rules adopted
to provide
establishment and regulations for FP.
• 1st Licence
1998
issued.
for
Planted
Forest(LPF)
2011 • Trial harvesting of FP started.
• Production from natural forests decreased
2013
to 8.2 million m³ while that from planted
forests increased to 537,000 m³.
Distribution of Licences for Planted Forests
(LPFs) in Sarawak
Summary Of Licenses for Planted Forest In
Sarawak
No. of
LPFs
Gross Area
(ha)
Plantable
Area
(ha)
43
2,819,974
1,595,790
Area Planted
(ha)
- Jun 2014-
335,049
2. Current Scenarios
Why
Forest Plantation
Essential ?
Overview of Log Production
• Bulk of log supply still
comes from the natural
forests.
• Harvesting of timber in PF is
in the initial years.
• Timber production from
natural forests is declining,
while that from planted
forests is increasing.
Annual Log Production from Natural Forests
Annual Log Production from Natural Forests
Year
Production (m3)
1980
1985
1990
1991
1995
2000
2005
2010
2013
8,399,069
12,285,328
18,873,760
19,410,900
16,091,920
14,274,049
12,036,153
10,151,766
8,211,078
Log Production from Planted Forests (2011- 2013)
600000
(m³)
500000
400000
300000
200000
100000
0
2011
2012
2013
YEAR
2011
2012
2013
Production
(m³)
62,741
253,171
537,752
Demand On Timber For Local Processing
• Mills capacity
– Installed capacity = 11.3 million m3 / year
– Summary of Mills Capacity
No.
1
2
Types
Sawmill
Veneer &
Plywood
Total (m3 )
No. of mills
Total capacity
(m3 )
167
4,778,200
73
6,555,700
240
11,333,900
Mills Consumption (Operative Capacity)
• Operative capacity
-- between 6.5 - 8.5 million m3/year.
• Breakdown Of Consumption:
1. Sawmills - about 2mil. m3/year (40% of IC).
2. Veneer & Plywood - about 5.5mil. m3/year
(80%IC).
Progress Development of FP
•
In 1998, 1st LPF was issued – produce
chips meant for pulp and paper production.
•
Since then, another 42 LPFs have been
issued.
•
Gross LPF area -- over 2.8 million hectares.
•
Species planted are mainly fast growing
species with short rotation of ranging from
7-15 years depending of its intended end
uses.
Progress Development of FP (cont…)
• Aim to achieve a target of 1 million hectares of
PF.
• The progress of forest plantation development
is slow -- about 20,000 ha/year planted.
• To date only about 335,000 hectares have been
planted.
• LPF holders are now required to come up with
catch-up plans to accelerate their planting in
line with the approved TPP.
Growing Stocks And Species
• Choice of species:
– at the prerogative of licensees depending on
anticipated market demands & industry
needs.
• Main species planted:
– Acacia species (69%), Batai (14%) &
Eucalyptus pellita (8%).
• Other Species planted:
– Kelampayan (Neomalarckia cadamba) (6%),
Rubber & Dipterocarps species (3%).
Total Planted Area (Ha) By Species
No.
1
2
3
4
Species
Acacia spp.
Batai
(P. falcataria
falcataria))
Eucalyptus spp.
Kelampayan
(N. cadamba
cadamba))
Others
5
(Rubber, Meranti
Meranti,,
Kapur,, Keruing etc
Kapur
etc))
GRAND TOTAL
Area Planted
(Ha)
(%)
230,110
69
46,457
14
26,527
8
20,833
6
11,122
3
335,049
100%
Incentives for
FP
Establishment
The incentives from State Government are:
• Licence tenure of 60 years (4 - 6 rotations).
• Conditional exemption of annual land rent up to
6 years from the issuance of licence.
• Exemption of royalty and cess payment during
the trial harvesting.
• Policy of allowing 20% of the plantable area for
oil palm - one rotation cycle of 25 years only.
• Rights to salvage standing timber prior to land
clearing.
The Federal Government incentives are
are::
•
Tax exemptions & rebate in FP investment.
•
Soft Loan given by the Ministry of Plantation
Industries and Commodities (MPIC) and
implemented through Forest Plantation
Development
Sdn
Bhd
(FPDSB),
a
subsidiary company of MTIB under the
Ministry .
3.
ISSUES
& CHALLENGES
IN
FOREST PLANTATIONS
Factors Contributed To Slow Progress Of FP
Development
• Manpower Shortage.
• Land disputes or conflicts with locals.
• Natural Calamities (Pest & Diseases, Forest
Fires & Windthrow)
• High Investment Risk & Opportunity
foregone.
• Lack of co-ordinated Industrial R&D
Programmes on forest plantation.
Manpower Shortage
•
Local workers - not keen to work due to
poor
working
environment
&
unattractive wages.
•
State Foreign Labour Policy - restricts
only Indonesians in forest plantations &
workers from other foreign countries are
not allowed.
•
Shortage of local expertise in forest
plantation as they are uncertain of their
career prospects.
Land Disputes
•
Land claims by the locals but cannot
be confirmed as Native Customary
Land (NCL) by the land authority.
•
The LPF holders cannot just enter by
force
without
having
amicable
solutions with the claimants.
•
Hence, delayed the Planting progress.
Pest & Diseases ( Isolated cases reported)
No. Species
1.
Acacia species
Batai
Pest and Diseases/ symptoms
Ceratocystis, Red Root Rot (Ganorderma),
Termite, Shoot Dieback, Skeletonising of
Leaves (Cricket).
(P. falcataria)
Defoliator (Bagworm, Yellow Butterflies),
Chewing (Deer)
E. deglupta
Ring Borer; Trunk Breakage, Tips Cut-off
(Cricket); Termite.
4.
E. pellita
Stem Canker; Sap Sucking Insect;
Dieback/Tips Cut-off (Cricket & Katydids);
Root Rot.
5.
Kelampayan/
Laran
2.
3.
6.
(N. cadamba)
Leave Roller/Eater (Moths), Skeletonising,
Rolling Of Leave; Chewing (Deer & Wild
Boar); Borer.
Rubber (LTC)
Root decay
Forest Fire
§ No serious fire outbreak reported in LPF
plantation.
§ Cases - destroyed experimental planted
plots in Sabal Forest Reserve and Oya
Road Forest Reserve.
§ Caused by carelessness .
lightning
&
human
§ Pose serious threats to our PF especially
during dry seasons (May- Sept).
Windthrow
§ Could cause serious damages to our
forest plantations.
§ Big patches of trees in planted forests
could be uprooted, broken or tilted
because of strong winds. E.g …
§ Cause huge investment loss to LPF
holders.
High Investment Risk & Commitment
Need Real Full Commitment from LPF holders
because of investment risk :
§ Long gestation period.
§ Huge capital investment.
§ Damages caused by pest & diseases, and
natural disasters (fire & windthrow).
§ Fluctuating global timber market prices.
§ Opportunity foregone.
Lack Of Coordinated R & D Programmes
• Lack of coordination among LPF
holders on R&D Programme
• Each group/LPF doing their own
R&D on tree improvement without
sharing their findings.
• Results: Repetition of work; little
new R&D progress & findings
(unproductive).
4. THE WAY FORWARD to ensure FP roles in
the wood-based industry sustainability
§ LPF holders
planting.
require
to
accelerate
their
§ Salvaging of standing timber in natural forests
shall be confined to plantable area and should
not be too far ahead of planting – no
unnecessary damages to the nature forests.
§ Excluding unplantable areas from the licence.
§ Intensifying R&D on high quality planting
materials & should be made readily available.
THE WAY FORWARD
cont…
§ Enhancing control of pest and diseases,
plantation harvesting & utilization of
timber efficiency from FP.
§ Developing
sound
land
management
practices
engagement with locals.
§ Embarking
on
Certification.
Forest
disputes
through
Plantation
5. CONCLUSION
§ Finally, in view of the decreasing wood
production from the Natural forests &
increasing production from the plantation
forests.
- Forest plantation – is deniably becoming
essential in the sustainability of wood
production & wood-based industries survival
in Sarawak.
- In the years to come, any shortfall in
production from natural forests to sustain the
needs of the local wood-based industries shall
be met from the production of Plantation
Forests.
THANK YOU
Acacia mangium
Nursery LPF/0043 Bintulu/SPF
Eucalyptus pellita
Nursery LPF/0037- Merabong/RH
Paraserianthes falcataria
Nursery - LPF/0018 /Belaga/SY
Neolarmarckia cadamba Nursery - LPF/0021 Paong/SL
Eucalyptus pellita (1 year) - LPF/0028 Mengiong/RH
Gmelina arborea (1½ years) - LPF/0021- Paong/ SL
Paraserianthes falcataria(6 years) - LPF/0018 – Belaga/ SY
Acacia mangium (10 year)-LPF/0004 – K. Baram/SL
Harvesting- LPF/0043- SPF / GP
LPF/0003 Daiken
Harvesting at LPF/0043 – SPF/GP
LPF/0003 Daiken
Re-planting LPF/0043 SPF
---- Bye ---

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