は し が き ここにお届けする冊子は、東北大学大学院教育学研究科において行われた国際シンポジ ウム「東アジアの高等教育の行方 共同学位創設を目指して」の記録です。 東北大学大学院教育学研究科は、平成 23 年度より平成 27 年度まで、5 年間にわたりアジ ア共同学位開発プロジェクトに取り組んでいます。高等教育の世界においてもグローバル 化が進展する今日、海外に学生を送り出し、あるいは海外から学生を受け入れるための新 たな枠組みの創設が求められています。これまで学位取得を目指した長期留学、語学研修 や異文化体験などを目的として短期留学が一般的でした。私たちは、在学期間中に複数の 大学で、視点を変えながら自らの専門に関する知見を深め、また広い視野から自らの専門 性を省察できる中期留学のプログラムを創設しようと模索しています。 私たちは、私たちの取り組みを通じて、共同学位創設のための諸条件を探るとともに、 実際に共同教育プログラム、すなわち共同学位プログラムを立ち上げることによって、21 世紀型の新たな人材育成を目指しています。このプログラムは、従来の単位互換制度やダ ブル･ディグリーとは異なり、パートナーとなる機関と相談しながら、共通の人材育成ビジ ョン、共通のカリキュラム、共通の教育方法、共通の評価などの開発を目指すものです。 この点において、かなり窮屈な取り組みとなるでしょう。 今回のシンポジウムでは、東北大学に招聘した 4 人の客員教授に参加いただき、東アジ アの高等教育の現状と課題、そしてその将来について議論いたしました。それぞれの立場 から幅広いご提案をいただきましたが、シンポジウムの焦点は、やはり共同学位の創設で す。私たちは 4 人の先生方のご意見を参考にして、これまでにない新たなプログラムを創 設したいと願っています。 この報告書を手になされる方々には、さまざまな観点からご批判、ご意見を賜れば幸い です。 2013 年 3 月 18 日 東北大学大学院教育学研究科副研究科長 アジア共同学位開発プロジェクト・リーダー 上埜 高志 目 次 はしがき 開会挨拶 基調講演 東北大学大学院教育学研究科長 本郷 一夫……………………… 1 東アジアの高等教育の行方 共同学位プログラム創設を目指して 東北大学 講演 1 清水 禎文…………………………… 3 The Future of University in Post-Massification Redesigning Teaching and Research Systems ソウル国立大学 講演 2 申 正 撤………………………11 梁 忠 銘………………………21 胡 建 華………………………27 国際化における大学の社会と地方に対する役割 台東大学の例を中心に 国立台東大学 講演 3 中国における高等教育改革の新たな動向 南京師範大学 講演 4 Building the Polis-Residential college experience from National Chengchi University in Taiwan 国立政治大学 資料編 あとがき 鄭 同 僚………………………33 㛤ࡢᣵᣜ ᮾᏛᏛ㝔ᩍ⫱Ꮫ◊✲⛉㛗 ᮏ㒓 ୍ኵ ⓙࡉࢇࠊࡇࢇࡕࡣࠋ᪥ࡣᖺᗘᮎࡢ࠾ᛁࡋ࠸୰ࠊࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࡈཧຍ࠸ࡓࡔࡁ࠶ࡾࡀ ࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࡣࠊࢪඹྠᏛ㛤Ⓨࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡀ⾜࠺ᅜ㝿ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࢘ ࣒࡛ࡍࠋࢪඹྠᏛ㛤Ⓨࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡣࠊ ᖺ ᭶ࡽ ᖺࡢィ⏬࡛㐍ࢇ࡛࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡕ ࡻ࠺ᖺ࡛ ᖺ┠࡞ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊ ᖺ┠ࡀࡶ࠺ࡍࡄ⤊ࢃࡾࡲࡍࠋᮇ㛫ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࡲࡔ༙ࡤ ࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡓࡔࠊ᮶ᖺᗘࡢኟࡲ࡛ࡣࠊලయⓗ࡞ィ⏬ࢆ⦎ࡗ࡚ࠊ᮶ᖺᗘࡢ ᖺᗘࡣࡑࢀࢆᐇ⾜ࡋ࡚ࠊ᭱⤊ᖺᗘࡢ ᖺᗘࡣホ౯ࢆࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࠊᐇ 㝿ࡣ ศࡢ ࢆ㐣ࡂࡓ࠸ࡗ࡚ࡶࡼ࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࡛ࡍࡽࠊ᪥ࡢᅜ㝿ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࡛࢘ࡣࠊඹྠᏛ࠸࠺ࡇࢆࡵࡄࡗ࡚ࠊ⌮ⓗ࡞ᙧែࠊ ඹྠᏛࡢ⌮ⓗ࡞ᅾࡾ᪉ࢆᛕ㢌⨨ࡁ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ⌧ᐇⓗࢃࢀࢃࢀࡀࡇࡢᮇ㛫ෆఱࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ ࡢࠊࡇࡢ ᖺࡢࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡀ⤊ࢃࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࡢᚋࡶᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞ィ⏬ࢆࡢࡼ࠺సࢀࡿࡢ ࠸࠺ࡇࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡲࡎΎỈඛ⏕ࡢᇶㄪㅮ₇ࠊࡑࢀࡽ ேࡢᐈဨᩍᤵࡢඛ⏕᪉ࡢㅮ₇ࢆ㏻ ࡋ࡚⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࡢࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡣࠊඹྠᏛࢆࡢࡼ࠺ࢹࢨࣥࡍࡿࡢ࠸࠺ࡇࡘ࠸࡚㛤Ⓨ◊✲ ࢆࡋࠊࡑࡢᡂᯝࢆᣲࡆࡿࡇࡀ┠ⓗ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊᮾᏛᩍ⫱Ꮫ◊✲⛉ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࡇࡢࣉࣟ ࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊඹྠᏛࢆసࡾୖࡆࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊᩍ⫱Ꮫ◊✲⛉ࡢ◊✲ࡢ㉁ࠊᩍ⫱ࡢ㉁ࢆࠊ ᮾࢪࡢ༠ᐃࢆ⤖ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿᏛࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㐃ᦠࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᏛࡶ㧗ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࢆ┠ᶆ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊࡑࡢ୍⎔ࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡢࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡀᡂຌࢆࡵࡿࡼ࠺ດຊࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ ࠸⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ᪥ࡣࡑࡢࡓࡵࡢ㔜せ࡞୍᪥࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸⪃࠼࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊ ⓙࡉࢇࠊࡼࢁࡋࡃ࠾㢪࠸࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ ᇶㄪㅮ₇ ᮾࢪࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢ⾜᪉ ඹྠᏛࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛタࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚ ᮾᏛ ΎỈ ⚞ᩥ ᮾࢪඹྠᏛ㛤Ⓨࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢᴫせ ᮏ᪥ࡣᇶㄪㅮ₇࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࢃࢀࢃࢀࡀࡇࢀࡲ࡛ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛ࡁࡓࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢ ᴫせࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ᭱ึ࠾ヰࡋࡋࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ᚋ༙࡛ࡣࠊ᪥ࡢࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࡢ ㄽⅬࡘ࠸࡚࠾ヰࡋࡋࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡣࠊᮾࢪඹྠᏛ㛤Ⓨࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࠸࠺ྡ⛠࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡕ ࡽ᭩ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠾ࡾࠊᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞࣐ࣥࢻࢆᣢࡗࡓᩍ⫱ᑓ㛛⫋ࢆࠊᮾࢪࡢ᭷ຊ࡞ Ꮫࡶ༠ຊࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ⫱࡚࡚࠸ࡃࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ㸦ࢫࣛࢻ 㸧ࠋࡇࡢඹྠᏛ ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࢆ⪃࠼ࡿᙜࡓࡾࠊࡁ࡞࣏ࣥࢺࡀࡘ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ୍ࡘࡣ㉁ಖド࡛ࡍࠋᅜ ෆࡢᏛᑐࡋ࡚ࡶࠊࡲࡓࠊࡾࢃࡅᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ඹྠᩍ⫱ࢆᐇࡍࡿࡁࡣ㉁ಖドࡀኚ 㔜せ࡞ほⅬ࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊࡁࡕࢇᩍ⫱ࡢ㉁ಖドࡀ ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆసࡾࡓ࠸⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡣࠊ◊✲ᩍ⫱ࢆໟᣓࡍࡿ ࡼ࠺࡞ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࢆసࡿࡇ࡛ࡍࠋࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡢ᪉ࡣࠊ◊✲⪅࣭Ꮫ⪅ࡢὶࠊᏛ⏕ ࡢὶࠊࡑࡋ࡚␗ᩥ⌮ゎࢆ⫱࡚ࡿ࠸࠺┠ⓗࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡀࡁ࡞ࡘࡢ┠ⓗ࡞ ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡲࡎࠊࢃࢀࢃࢀࡀᮾࢪὀ┠ࡋࡓ⌮⏤ࡘ࠸࡚ࡈㄝ᫂⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍࠋ࡞ࡐᮾࢪ ࢆ㑅ࢇࡔࡢࠋୗࡢ᪉ᅗࡀ୕ࡘฟ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ㸦ࢫࣛࢻ 㸧ࠋ୍␒ᕥഃࡢᅗࡣࠊ ᖺࡲ࡛ ࡢ⛬ᗘ␃Ꮫ⏕ࡀቑ࠼ࡿ࠸࠺ண ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ⌧ᅾࡣ ᖺ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࠊ ┿ࢇ୰ࢆᑡࡋ㐣ࡂࡓࡄࡽ࠸࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡇࡢᅗࡼࢀࡤࠊ⌧ᅾ࠾ࡼࡑ ேࡢ␃Ꮫ⏕ࡀୡ⏺ ࠸ࡿࡇ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡀ ᖺ࡞ࡿࠊ ே࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺࠸࠺ண ࡀฟࡉ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡽ␃Ꮫ⏕ࡀࢇࢇቑ࠼࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡀணࡉࢀࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ ≧ἣࡢ୰࡛ࠊࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣᮾࢪ↔Ⅼࢆ⤠ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊࡑࡢ⌮⏤ࡋ࡚ࠊ୍␒ྑഃࡢᅗ ࢆࡈぴࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠋ⌧ᅾࠊᮾᏛ␃Ꮫࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ␃Ꮫ⏕ࡢฟ㌟ᅜࡢྜࢆ♧ࡋࡓᅗ࡛ࡍࠋ ㉥࡛♧ࡋࡓ 㸣ࡀࢪࡽࡢ␃Ꮫ⏕࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢ࠺ࡕ⣙ 㸣ࡀ୰ᅜࠊ㡑ᅜࠊྎ‴ࡢ୕ࡘ ࡢᅜᆅᇦࡽ᮶࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺⌧≧ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡢᮾࢪὀ┠ࡋࡓ⌮⏤ࡣࠊ┿ࢇ୰ࡢᅗ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ୰ᅜࠊ㡑ᅜࠊྎ‴࠸ࡗࡓ ᆅᇦࡣࠊ₎Ꮠᩥࢆඹ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࢀࡽࠊᅜࡼࡗ࡚ᒎ㛤ࡢ᪉ࡣࡉ ࡲࡊࡲ࡛ࡍࡀࠊྠࡌ൲ᩍࢆ࣮࣋ࢫࡋࡓᩥࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⌮⏤ࡽࠊᮾࢪ ↔Ⅼࢆ⤠ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡇࡢࢫࣛࢻࡣࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡀࡢࡼ࠺࡞ேᮦࢆࡘࡃࢁ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ 㸦ࢫࣛࢻ 㸧ࠋ ␒┠ࠊᮾࢪࡢᩍ⫱ၥ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼ࡿࡇࡢ࡛ࡁࡿ◊✲⪅࡛ࡍࠋ ␒┠ SROLF\PDNHUVDQGDGPLQLVWUDWRUV ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࠊ⾜ᨻ㛵ࢃࡿேᮦ࡛ࡍࠋ ␒┠ ࡋ࡚ࠊOHDGHUWHDFKHUV ᭩ࡁࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊᏛᰯࡢ୰࡛ࡶᣦᑟⓗ࡞❧ሙ࠶ࡿ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ᩍဨ ࢆ⫱࡚ࡓ࠸ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ◊✲⪅ࠊ⾜ᨻᐁࠊ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢸ࣮ࢳ࣮ࣕ࠸ࡗࡓேᮦࢆ⫱࡚ࡼ࠺ ⪃࠼ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡑࡢ㝿ࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞㈨㉁࣭⬟ຊࢆᣢࡗࡓேᮦࢆ⫱࡚ࡿࠋࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣ .$63 ࠸࠺ࣔࢹ ࣝࢆ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ. ࡣ .QRZOHGJH ࡛ࠊᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞▱㆑ࢆᣢࡗࡓேᮦ࡛ࡍࠋ$ ࡣ $WWLWXGHࠊែ ᗘ࡛ࡍࠋ6 ࡣ 6NLOO ࡛ࠊゝㄒࢆ୰ᚰࡍࡿࢫ࢟ࣝࢆᣢࡗࡓேᮦࢆ⫱࡚ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋࡉ ࡽࠊ.QRZOHGJHࠊ$WWLWXGHࠊ6NLOO ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ༑ศ࡞ࡢ࡛ࠊ.$6 ࡢ⬟ຊࢆഛ࠼ࠊ3UDFWLFH 㸦ᐇ㊶㸧࡛ࡁࡿຊࢆᣢࡗࡓேᮦࢆ⫱࡚ࡓ࠸⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᮾࢪ࠶ࡗ࡚ᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ど㔝ࢆᣢࡕࠊࡋࡶ᪂ࡓ࡞ .$63 ࡢ⬟ຊࢆഛ࠼ࡓேᮦ ࢆ㣴ᡂࡍࡿᶵ㛵ࡣ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡢࡀ⌧≧࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࠊᩍ⫱⾜ᨻᐁࡸᩍᖌࡣ୍⯡ⓗᅜෆ ࡛ࡘࡃࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ◊✲⪅ࡣ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡸ࣓ࣜ࢝࡞࡛㣴ᡂࡉࢀ࡚ ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࢃࢀࢃࢀࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᴟࡵ࡚ὶືᛶࡢ㧗࠸ᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ᶵ㛵ࡵࡿᑓ㛛⫋ࠊὶື ᛶࡀᴟࡵ࡚ప࠸Ꮫᰯࡢᩍᖌࡢ୰㛫ࡢேᮦࢆࡘࡃࢁ࠺⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࢀࡀ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡍ㸦ࢫࣛࢻ 㸧ࠋ┿ࢇ୰ࡢ⥳࡛♧ࡋࡓ㒊ศࡀࠊಟኈㄢ⛬ ᖺ㛫ࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛࡍࠋ୍␒ୗࡽࠊධᏛ๓ 3UHSDUDWRU\6WDJH㸦ධᏛ‽ഛᩍ⫱㸧 ࠊ➨ ࢭ࣓ࢫࢱ࣮ࡣᩍ⫱Ꮫࡢ⌮ㄽࠊ➨ ࢭ࣓ࢫࢱ࣮࠾࠸࡚ࡣ 5HVHDUFK0HWKRGV ࢆᩍ⫱ࡋࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ➨ ࢭ࣓ࢫࢱ࣮࠾࠸࡚ࣇ࣮ࣝࢻ࣮࣡ࢡࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ➨ ࢭ࣓ࢫࢱ࣮࠾࠸࡚ಟኈ ㄽᩥࢆ᭩ࡃ࠸࠺ᙧ࡛ࠊ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࢆ⤌ࡶ࠺⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆࡢࡼ࠺సࡗ࡚࠸ࡃ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ⌧ᅾࠊᮾᏛᩍ⫱Ꮫ㒊 ࡛ࡣࠊᮾᏛࢆྵࡵ࡚ᮾࢪࡢඵࡘࡢᏛ㐃ᦠࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㡑ᅜࡢࢯ࢘ࣝᅜ❧ Ꮫࠊ㧗㯇Ꮫࠊ୰ᅜࡢிᖌ⠊Ꮫࠊ༡ிࡢ༡ிᖌ⠊Ꮫࠊୖᾏࡢ⳹ᮾᖌ⠊Ꮫࠊࡑࡋ ࡚ྎ‴ࡢྎ‴ᖌ⠊Ꮫࠊᅜ❧ྎ‴ᨻᏛ㐃ᦠࢆ⤌ࡳࠊࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆᐇ⌧ࡋ ࡚࠸ࡇ࠺⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍ㸦ࢫࣛࢻ 㸧ࠋ ࡛ࡣࠊ୍యࡢࡼ࠺࡞ෆᐜࢆᣢࡗࡓࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆసࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ࠼ࡤࠊᮾ ࢪ␗ᩥ㛫ᩍ⫱◊✲㸦(DVW$VLD,QWHUFXOWXUDO6WXGLHV㸧࠸࠺ࢥࣥࢭࣉࢺ࡛ࠊࣉࣟࢢ ࣒ࣛࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࡼ࠺⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣẚ㍑ᩍ⫱Ꮫ࠸ࡗ࡚ࡶ࠸࠸ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋ ẚ㍑ᩍ⫱Ꮫ࠸࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊࡑࢀࡽ␗ᩥ㛫ᩍ⫱࠸࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ࡞ࡾໟᣓⓗ࡛ᖜᗈ ࠸ᴫᛕ࡛ࡍࠋ࡞ࡐࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᖜᗈ࠸ࢥࣥࢭࣉࢺ࡛⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᖜᗈ࠸ ࡁ࡞ᴫᛕࡢୗ࡛ࡣࠊᩍ⫱Ꮫࡢࢥ࣮ࢫᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫࡢࢥ࣮ࢫࡢ࠸ࡎࢀࡶྵࡴࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ ࡽ࡛ࡍࠋࡉࡽࠊᩍ⛉ᩍ⫱ࡢ㡿ᇦࡶ㝖ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ࡞ࡾ₍↛ࡋࡓᴫ ᛕ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡋ࡚ࡶࡁ࡞ᴫᛕ࡛ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࢆそ࠸ࡓ࠸⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡲ ࡍ㸦ࢫࣛࢻ 㸧ࠋࡑࢀࡽࠊ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࢆ୍య࠺ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࡀࠊᖺᗘึ ࡵ࡚ࢧ࣐࣮ࢥ࣮ࢫࢆᐇࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢࢧ࣐࣮ࢥ࣮ࢫ࡛ ⛉┠ ༢ࢆᥦ౪ࡋࡲࡍ㸦ࢫࣛ ࢻ 㸧ࠋࡑࢀࡽࠊ┿ࢇ୰ࡢࣇ࣮ࣝࢻ࣮࣡ࢡࡣᚋ㛤Ⓨࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ ࡛ࡁࢀࡤࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮࡞ࡿᏛ༠ຊࡋྜ࠸࡞ࡀࡽࠊ୍ࡘࡢඹ㏻⛉┠ࢆタࡅࡓ࠸⪃࠼࡚ ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࡢࢫࣛࢻࡣࠊᖺᗘ ᭶ᐇࡋࡓࢧ࣐࣮ࢥ࣮ࢫࡢ┿࡛ࡍ㸦ࢫࣛࢻ 㸧ࠋ ᭶ 㹼 ᪥ࡢ ᪥㛫ࠊᐇࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋᥦ౪ࡋࡓᤵᴗࡣࠕࢪ࠾ࡅࡿᏊࡶ㟷ᑡᖺࠖ ࠕࢪࡢᏛᰯ࡛ࠖࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ 㛫ࡎࡘ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡇࡣࠊඛ⤂ࡋࡓࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢࣃ ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮࡞ࡿࡘࡢᏛࡽ ேࡢࣉࣟࣇ࢙ࢵࢧ࣮ࢆᣍ⪸ࡋࠊභࡘࡢᏛࡽ ேࡢᏛ ⏕ࢆᣍ⪸ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ┿ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊࡈぴࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙧ࡛ᤵᴗࢆ⾜࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡶ࠺୍ࡘࠊ┿ࢇ୰ࡢࣇ࣮ࣝࢻ࣮࣡ࢡ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ⌧ᅾࠊ⚾ࡶ࡛⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊࣇ࣮ ࣝࢻ࣮࣡ࢡࢆ୰ᚰ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓ࠸࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡽ࠾ヰࡋࡍࡿࡢࡣࠊ ࡑࡢ୍ࡘࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࣇ࣮ࣝࢻ࣮࣡ࢡࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ㛤Ⓨ㸫㟈⅏Ꮚࡶᨭᐊࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ㸫 ࠼ࡤࠊ⚾ࡶᮾᏛᩍ⫱Ꮫ㒊ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࡈぴࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆᥦ౪࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛ ࡣ࡞࠸⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋⓙࡉࢇࡶࡈᏑࡌࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ ᖺ ᭶ᮾᆅ᪉࡛ኚࡁ࡞ ᆅ㟈ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢᆅ㟈ࡢᚋࠊὠἼࡀくࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚ࠊࡑࡇ࡛୧ぶࢆஸࡃࡋࡓᏊࡶࡓࡕ ࡀࡓࡃࡉࢇ࠸ࡲࡍࠋᮾᏛᩍ⫱Ꮫ㒊ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ㟈⅏㐼ࡗ࡚ࠊࡈᐙ᪘ࠊࡾࢃ ࡅぶᚚࡉࢇࢆஸࡃࡉࢀࡓᏊࡶࡓࡕᑐࡍࡿ ᖺ㛫ࢃࡓࡿࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ⌧ᅾྲྀ ࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣඹྠᏛ┤᥋㛵ࢃࡾࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊ࠼ࡤ㟈⅏Ꮚࡶᨭᐊ ࡢᐇ㊶ࢆඹྠᏛࡢࣇ࣮ࣝࢻ࣮࣡ࢡࡢ୰ྲྀࡾධࢀࡿࡇࡶྍ⬟࡛ࡣ࡞࠸⪃࠼࡚࠸ ࡲࡍ㸦ࢫࣛࢻ 㸧ࠋ ⌧ᅾࠊ㟈⅏Ꮚࡶᨭᐊࡀ୰ᚰ࡞ࡗ࡚ࠊ㟈⅏ᚋࡢᏊࡶࡓࡕᑐࡍࡿࢧ࣏࣮ࢺྲྀࡾ ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ⚾ࡶᮾᏛᩍ⫱Ꮫ◊✲⛉ࡣࠊࡈぴࡢࡼ࠺ࡘࡢ 'HSDUWPHQWV ࢆᣢ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ㸦ࢫࣛࢻ 㸧ࠋᩍ⫱ဴᏛࠊᩍ⫱ྐࠊᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇⛉Ꮫࠊᡂே⥅⥆ᩍ⫱ㄽࠊᩍᤵ࣭Ꮫ ⩦ࠊே㛫Ⓨ㐩ࠊ⮫ᗋᚰ⌮Ꮫࠊࡑࡋ࡚ᩍ⫱タィ࣭ホ౯ᑓᨷࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢᑓᨷࡢ୰࡛ ࡶࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ㟈⅏ᑐࡍࡿᨭάືࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢁࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᑓᨷ࡛⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ ࡿάືࢆᇶࡋ࡚ࠊࣇ࣮ࣝࢻ࣮࣡ࢡࢆ㛤Ⓨ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ◊✲⛉ యࢆᣲࡆ࡚ࠊ㟈⅏ᚋࡢᏊࡶࡢᨭࡘ࠸࡚◊✲ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ ⚾ࡶࡢࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢண⟬ேဨ㓄⨨ࢆ࠾♧ࡋࡋࡲࡍ㸦ࢫࣛࢻ 㸧ࠋ ᖺࡽࣉ ࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡀጞࡲࡾࠊ ᖺࡲ࡛ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ࡼࡿ㈈ᨻⓗ࡞ᨭࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋᙜึࡢணᐃ࡛ ࡣࠊ ᖺᗘࡀ ൨ᙅࠊ ᖺࠊ ᖺ࡞ࡿࠊ⣙ ൨ ࡢ㈨㔠ࡀᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ ┬ࡽ⚾ࡶᥦ౪ࡉࢀࡿணᐃ࡛ࡍࠋయࡋ࡚ ൨ ࡢ㈨㔠ࡀࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢࣉࣟࢪ ࢙ࢡࢺᥦ౪ࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࢀࡣ 㹼 ᖺࡢィ⏬ࢆ♧ࡋࡓᅗ࡛ࡍ㸦ࢫࣛࢻ 㸧ࠋ㉥࠸ࡇࢁࢆࡈぴࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠋ ᖺᗘࡣࢧ࣐࣮ࢥ࣮ࢫࢆጞࡵࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣ᮶ᖺࡶ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡁࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ ᖺ ࡽࡣᐇ㝿ࢪࣙࣥࢺࢹࢢ࣮ࣜ㸦ඹྠᏛ㸧ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆࢫࢱ࣮ࢺࡉࡏࡓ࠸⪃࠼࡚࠸ ࡲࡍࠋ ඹྠᏛࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢຠᯝ ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ຠᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡲࡎࡣඹ ྠᏛࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ◊✲࡛ࡍ㸦ࢫࣛࢻ 㸧ࠋᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ඹྠᏛࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡣࠊࡲࡔẚ㍑ⓗ Ṕྐࡀὸࡃࠊඛ㐍ⓗ࡞࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࠾࠸࡚ࡶ ᖺ௦༙ࡤࡽጞࡲࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡇ࠺ࡋ ࡓඹྠᏛ㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝ◊✲ࢆ⾜࠸ࠊࡑࢀࢆᇶ┙ࡋ࡚ࠊᐇ㝿ඹྠᏛࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ㛤 Ⓨࢆ⾜࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓඹྠᏛࢆసࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊᮾࢪ࠾ࡅࡿ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢ $WWUDFWLYHQHVV㸦㨩ຊ㸧ࢆ㧗ࡵࠊ᭱ᚋࡣࠊࡶࡋࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡀᡂຌࡍࢀࡤࠊඹ ྠᏛ㛤Ⓨࡢࣀ࢘ࣁ࢘ࢆᩍ⫱Ꮫ◊✲ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊࡢ◊✲㡿ᇦࡶ⛣㌿ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓຠᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡉ࡚ࠊඛ࠸ࢥࣥࢯ࣮ࢩ࣒ࡢࢫࣛࢻࢆ࠾♧ࡋࡋࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊᮾᏛࢆྵࡵ࡚ඵ ࡘࡢᏛࡀࢥࣥࢯ࣮ࢩ࣒ࡢ୰ᥥࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊࡇࡢඵࡘࡢᏛࡃᖹ➼ ࡛ᑐ➼࡞ᙧ࡛ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ㛤Ⓨࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࠊᚲࡎࡋࡶࡑ࠺࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡲࡎࠊඵ ࡘࡢᏛ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ⦆ࡸ࡞ᙧ࡛ࡢ㐃ᦠࢆ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋඵࡘࡢᏛ⦆ࡸ࡞ᩍ⫱◊ ✲ࡢ㐃ᦠࢆసࡾࡓ࠸࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡢ୰ࡽࠊ᭱⤊ⓗࡣ୍⥴ࢪࣙࣥࢺࢹࢢࣜ ࣮ࢆసࡿࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ࡀぢࡘࢀࡤ࠸࠸ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ㸦ࢫࣛࢻ 㸧 ࠋ ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ㐃ᦠࡢࣞ࣋ࣝࡀᅄࡘ࠶ࡿࡇࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ➨ ẁ㝵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࡲࡎࡣࣃ࣮ ࢺࢼ࣮࡞ࡿᏛ◊✲ୖࡢὶࢆ⾜࠸ࡓ࠸࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ➨ ẁ㝵ࡀᏛ⏕ࡢὶࠊ➨ ẁ㝵ࡋ࡚༢ࡢ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࢲࣈࣝࢹࢢ࣮ࣜࢆ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ➨ ẁ㝵ࡋ ࡚ࢪࣙࣥࢺࢹࢢ࣮ࣜࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࢪࣙࣥࢺࢹࢢ࣮ࣜ࡞ࡿࠊ࠾࠸ࡢ㛵ಀࡀ ࡞ࡾࢱࢺ࡞ࡿࡇࡀணࡉࢀࡲࡍࡀࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢὶࡀ ྍ⬟࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᮾࢪࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢ᫂᪥ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ ᮏ᪥ࡢࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࡣࠊ ࠕᮾࢪࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢ⾜᪉̿ඹྠᏛࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛタࢆ┠ᣦࡋ ࡚̿ࠖ࠸࠺ࢸ࣮࣐࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࡛࢘ࡣࢇ࡞ࡇࢆ࠾ヰࡋࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ ࠸࠺ࡇࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡽ㝈ࡽࢀࡓ㛫ࡢ୰࡛࠾ヰࡋࡋࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍ㸦ࢫࣛࢻ 㸧ࠋ ᪥ࠊ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡣ㸯ࡘࡢࢫ࣮ࣟ࢞ࣥࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣜࢮ࣮ࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡍࠋ ᖺ௦ࠊ ࠕ෭ᡓࠖࡀ⤊⤖ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀ௨᮶ࠊୡ⏺ࡢᵓ㐀ࡣ⃭ⓗኚࡋ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ 㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡶࡑࡢእ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ᪥࡛ࡣࠊୡ⏺୰ࡢከࡃࡢᶵ㛵࣭Ꮫࡀࠊᅜቃࢆ㉺ ࠼࡚ࠊࡑࡢ㨩ຊࢆ㧗ࡵࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ≧ἣࡢ୰࡛ࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝࢆ࠸ࡗࡑ࠺ಁ㐍ࡍࡿせᅉࡀᗄࡘ࠶ࡿࡼ࠺ᛮ࠸ࡲ ࡍࠋ୍ࡘࡣࠊ:RUOG&ODVV8QLYHUVLW\㸦:&8㸧࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢ㎶ࡣᮏ᪥ࠊᐈဨ࡛࠸ࡽࡗࡋࡷࡗ࡚ ࠾ヰࢆࡋ࡚ࡃࡔࡉࡿ⏦ṇ᧔ඛ⏕ࡀࠊ୍␒᪂ࡋ࠸ᮏ࡛ࠗ,QVWLWXWLRQDOL]DWLRQRI:RUOG&ODVV 8QLYHUVLW\LQ*OREDO&RPSHWLWLRQ࠘ࢆฟ∧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋヲࡋࡃࡣࡑࡕࡽࢆࡈぴ࠸ࡓࡔ ࡁࡓ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊⓙࡉࢇࡈᏑࡌࡢࡼ࠺ࠊୡ⏺Ꮫࣛࣥ࢟ࣥࢢ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡀ⏕ࡲࢀ࡚ࡁࡲ ࡋࡓࠋୖᾏࣛࣥ࢟ࣥࢢࢆࡣࡌࡵࡋ࡚ࠊ᪥࡛ࡣᗄࡘࡢୡ⏺Ꮫࣛࣥ࢟ࣥࢢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡀ ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ᪥ࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ኚࡁ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡶࡶ㏆௦ࡢ Ꮫࡣࠊࢻ࣓ࢫࢸࢵࢡ㸦ᅜෆⓗ㸧࡞ᶵ㛵ࡋ࡚ㄌ⏕ࡋࠊⓎ㐩ࡋ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ:RUOG&ODVV 8QLYHUVLW\ ࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢᏛࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࢆࡁࡃኚ࠼ࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࣮࣡ࣝࢻ࣭ࢡࣛࢫ࣭ ࣛࣥ࢟ࣥࢢకࡗ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏᅜෆ࡛ࡶࠊ࠼ࡤ &2(ࠊ*&2(ࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ ࠸ࡗࡓࣉࣟࢢࣛ ࣒ࡀᒎ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊ◊✲Ꮫࢆ୰ᚰࠊᩍ⫱ࡼࡾࡶ◊✲㔜Ⅼࢆ⨨ࡃ ࠸ࡗࡓኚࡀ㉳ࡇࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࡢ୍᪉࡛ࠊ ␒┠ࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓὶࢀࡣᑐ◊✲ࡼࡾࡶᩍ⫱ࢆ㔜どࡋࡼ࠺࠸࠺⪃࠼ ᪉ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋᏛ⩦ᡂᯝ㸦/HDUQLQJRXWFRPHV㸧ࡤࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ2(&' ࡞ࡀ୰ᚰ࡞ ࡗ࡚ࠊ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢᏛ⩦ᡂᯝࢆ ᐃࡋࡼ࠺࠸࠺ືࡁࡀฟ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊᩍ⫱ࢆ㔜どࡋ ࡼ࠺࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉ࡀฟ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡉࡽ ␒┠ࠊࢃࢀࢃࢀࡀ⌧ᅾྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ඹྠᩍ⫱ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡶࠊᩘࡣ ᑡ࡞࠸࡛ࡍࡀࠊⓏሙࡋ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡕ࡞ࡳࠊᖺ ᭶ᮾᏛᩍ⫱Ꮫ㒊࡛ࡣࢩ࣏ࣥ ࢪ࣒࢘ࢆ⾜࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢࡁࠊ࢝ࢵࢭࣝᏛࡢ࢘ࣝࣜࢵࣄ࣭ࢱࣄ࣮ࣛඛ⏕ࢆ࠾ࡧ ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࢱࣄ࣮ࣛඛ⏕ࡣࠊᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ඹྠᏛࡢྍ⬟ᛶ࠸࠺ࠊࡑࡢ࣏ࢪࢸࣈ࡞ ഃ㠃ࡘ࠸࡚ヰࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠼࡞࠸࠾㢪࠸ࡋࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊඛ⏕ࡣࠊ࢚ࣛࢫ࣒ࢫ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ࢚ࣛ ࢫ࣒ࢫ࣭࣒ࣥࢻࢫ࠸ࡗࡓᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ඹྠᩍ⫱ࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛᏛࡪᏛ⏕ࡢᩘࡣ㠀ᖖᑡ࡞ࡃࠊ 㸣௨ୗࡔࠋࡲࡓࠊ࢚ࣛࢫ࣒ࢫࡸ࢚ࣛࢫ࣒ࢫ࣭࣒ࣥࢻࢫࡣࠊ(8 ࡢ୍✀ࡢᨻⓗ࡞ࣉࣟࣃ ࢞ࣥࢲ㐣ࡂ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡼ࠺ࠊኚཝࡋ࠸ぢゎࢆ࠾ヰࡋ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࢱࣄ࣮ࣛඛ⏕ ࡢᣦࡣ࡚ࡶṇࡋ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ(8 ࡞࡛⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ඹྠᩍ⫱ ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡣࠊ ࠕ(8 ࢩࢳࢬࣥࢩࢵࣉࠖࢆ⫱࡚ࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇࡢⅬࡣホ౯ࡍ ࡁࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡉ࡚ࠊ᪥ࡣ⏦ṇ᧔ඛ⏕ࠊᱱᛅ㖭ඛ⏕ࠊ⬌ᘓ⳹ඛ⏕ࠊࡉࡽ㒯ྠඛ⏕ࡽ࠾ヰࢆ࠸ࡓ ࡔࡁࡲࡍࡀࠊ࠾ヰࡀ⤊ࢃࡗࡓᚋࠊࡇࡇ࠾♧ࡋࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡞࣏ࣥࢺࡘ࠸࡚㆟ㄽ࡛ࡁࢀࡤ ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ㸦ࢫࣛࢻ 㸧ࠋඛࡽㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝࡢ ὶࢀࡣࠊᗄࡘࡢ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࢹ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡲࡎࠊࡇࡇ࠾♧ࡋࡋࡓࡢࡣࠊᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࢇ࡞ኚࡀ㉳ࡇࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ ࡛ࡍࠋ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡣḟ➨ᅜቃࡀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࠊᅜቃࡀపࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡀணࡉࢀ ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢせᅉ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊ࠼ࡤ &2( ࡸࠊᮾࢪ࡛ጞࡲࡗࡓ࢟ࣕࣥࣃࢫ࣭ࢪ ᵓ࠸ࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࡢ࣏ࢪࢸࣈ࡞ഃ㠃ࡣࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸ࢱࣉࡢ▱㆑ ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡀసࡽࢀࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡇࡢၥ㢟ࡣࣉࣛࢫࡢഃ㠃ࡤࡾ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ࣐ࢼࢫࡢഃ㠃ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ࠶ࡿᅜࡣ㢌⬻ࢆ⋓ᚓࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢ୍᪉࡛ࠊ㢌⬻ࢆኻ࠺ࠊὶฟࡉࡏ ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ᅜࡶฟ࡚ࡃࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓၥ㢟ࡀ㉳ࡇࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ␒┠ࡣࠊᅜෆ࡛ࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇࡛ࡍࠋᮾᏛࡢࡼ࠺࡞◊✲Ꮫࡣࡸࡣࡾୡ⏺ࠊ&2( ࢆ ┠ᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ◊✲୰ᚰᏛ࡞㢧ⴭぢࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺ࠊ◊✲ᶵ㛵 Ꮫࡀศ㞳ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡀணࡉࢀࡲࡍ㸦ࢫࣛࢻ 㸧ࠋࡲࡓࠊᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬ᨻ⟇ࡋ࡚ࠊ ◊✲ᩍ⫱ࡀศ㞳ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࠸࠺ࡇࡶணࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋ ␒┠ࡣࠊྛᏛ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡍࠋྛᏛ࡛ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ኚࡀ㉳ࡇࡗ࡚ࡃࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍ ࡀࠊࡸࡣࡾᏛࡢ୰࠾࠸࡚ࡶ◊✲ᩍ⫱ࡢศ㞳ࡀಁ㐍ࡉࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ ᛮࢃࢀࡲࡍ㸦ࢫࣛࢻ 㸧ࠋ࠶ࡿᏛ࡛ࡣࠊ◊✲ࡼࡾຊࢆධࢀࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣ㏉ࡏࡤࠊᩍ ⫱ࡣ࠶ࡲࡾຊࢆධࢀ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ୍᪉࡛ࠊᩍ⫱ຊࢆධࢀࡿᏛࡶฟ࡚ࡃࡿ࡛ ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋJHQHUDOHGXFDWLRQ ᭩ࡁࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ OLEHUDOHGXFDWLRQ ࠸ࡗ࡚ࡶ࠸࠸ ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ୍⯡ᩍ⫱ຊࢆධࢀࡿᏛࠊࡉࡽࡣ⫋ᴗ≉ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡞ᙧ ࡛ࠊ᪥ᮏ࡛ゝ࠼ࡤᑓ㛛Ꮫᰯ㏆࠸ࡼ࠺࡞ᙧࡢᏛࡶⓏሙࡋ࡚ࡃࡿࡇ࡞ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࡲࡓࠊᏛࡼࡗ࡚ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᆅᇦࡢᐇᛂࡌ࡚ࠊ㝈ࡽࢀࡓ㈨※ࡢ୰࡛ࠊᅜ㝿 ྥࡅࡓ᪂ࡋ࠸ࢥ࣮ࢫࡢ㛤Ⓨࡀ㉳ࡇࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ඹྠᏛࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢฟ ᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ඹྠᏛࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡣࠊࡁࡃࡘࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡀ࠶ࡾᚓࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸⪃ ࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍ㸦ࢫࣛࢻ 㸧ࠋ ␒┠ࡣࠊ&2(5HVHDUFKRULHQWHG0RGHO ᭩ࡁࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ ◊✲ࢆ୰ᚰࡋࡓᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ඹྠᩍ⫱ࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛࡍࠋ ␒┠ࡣࠊᜨⓗ࡞ࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࠊ࠾࠸ ࡢ㛗ᡤࢆᥦ౪ࡋྜ࠺ࡇࡼࡗ࡚ ZLQZLQ ࡢ㛵ಀࢆసࡾฟࡍࣔࢹࣝࡀ࠶ࡾᚓࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ␒┠ࡣࠊ➨୕ୡ⏺ࡢᅜࠎᑐࡍࡿ㛤Ⓨᨭࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡍࠋ ␒┠ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᑡࡋほⅬࡀ㐪 ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊࣅࢪࢿࢫࢆ┠ⓗࡋࡓࣔࢹࣝࡀ࠶ࡾᚓࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ᭱ᚋ ␒┠ᣲࡆࡓࡢࡀࠊ ࠶ࡿ౯್ほᇶ࡙࠸ࡓࣔࢹࣝ㸦9DOXHRULHQWDWHG0RGHO㸧ࡀ࠶ࡾᚓࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠸࠺ ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ ⌧ᅾࠊࢃࢀࢃࢀࡀ㛤Ⓨࡋࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ ␒┠࡞࠸ࡋ ␒┠࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࣅࢪ ࢿࢫࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡣ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞ᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ඹྠᩍ⫱ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡀࠊᮏᙜ㛤Ⓨ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ ࠋࡲࡓࠊᮾࢪ࡛⾜࠺ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ࡞ࡢ࡛ࠊᮾࢪⓗ࡞౯್ほࡀ࡚ࡶษ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ ࡞࠸⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓⅬࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࡢᚋ࡛ඛ⏕᪉㆟ㄽࡍࡿࡇ ࡀ࡛ࡁࢀࡤኚ࠺ࢀࡋࡃᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᮏ᪥ࡣ ேࡢࢤࢫࢺࢆ࠾ᣍࡁࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࢯ࢘ࣝᅜ❧Ꮫࡢ⏦ṇ᧔ඛ⏕ࠊ୰ᅜ࣭༡ிᖌ⠊Ꮫࡢ⬌ᘓ⳹ඛ⏕ࠊྎ‴࣭ᅜ❧ᨻᏛ ࡢ㒯ྠඛ⏕ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠊྠࡌࡃྎ‴࣭ᅜ❧ྎᮾᏛࡢᱱᛅ㖭ඛ⏕࡛ࡍࠋ ᭱ึ࠾ヰࡋ࠸ࡓࡔࡃ⏦ඛ⏕ࡣࠊ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࢆᑓ㛛࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋୡ⏺ࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢ ᅜ㝿ⓗືྥヲࡋࡃࠊࡓࡃࡉࢇࡢⴭ᭩ࢆබห࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ᪥ࡣࠊᅜ㝿ⓗ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢࠊ 㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢ⌧≧ࡘ࠸࡚ࡈሗ࿌࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࠋ ḟࠊ⬌⳹ඛ⏕࡛ࡍࠋඛ⏕ࡣྡྂᒇᏛ࡛Ꮫࢆྲྀᚓ࡞ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ⌧ᅾࡣࠊ୰ᅜࡢ 㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࢆ୰ᚰࠊ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢ◊✲ࢆ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᅜ㝿ࡀ㐍ࡴ୰࡛ࠊᅜᐙ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝ ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ኚࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࠊ୰ᅜࢆࡋ࡚ࡈሗ࿌࠸ࡓࡔࡅࡿࡶࡢᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ୕␒┠ࡀᱱᛅ㖭ඛ⏕࡛ࡍࠋඛ⏕ࡣࠊᮾᏛ࡛Ꮫࢆྲྀᚓ࡞ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋᑓ㛛ࡣࠊᩍ⫱ ⾜ᨻᏛ࡛ࡍࠋ᪥ࡣࠊྎ‴ࡢᅜ❧ྎᮾᏛ࠾ࡅࡿᅜ㝿ࢆ୰ᚰࡋ࡚ࠊᶵ㛵࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ ᅜ㝿ࡘ࠸࡚࠾ヰࡋ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࠋ ᭱ᚋ㒯ྠඛ⏕࡛ࡍࠋඛ⏕ࡢࡈᑓ㛛ࡣࠊᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇Ꮫ࡛ࠊࡋ࡚࣓ࣜ࢝࠾ࡅࡿᏛ ᰯ㑅ᢥࢆ◊✲࡞ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ᪥ࡣ⚾ࡽ࠾㢪࠸ࡋ࡚ࠊᅜ❧ᨻᏛ ࡢࠕ᭩㝔ᩍ⫱ࠖࡘ࠸࡚࠾ヰࡋࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡃࡇ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋඛ♧ࡋࡓᯟ⤌ࡳ࡛ࡣࠊ ᶵ㛵࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢኚࠊྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࠊඛ⏕᪉ࠊ࠺ࡒࡼࢁࡋࡃ࠾㢪࠸⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍࠋ ㅮ₇ 7KH)XWXUHRI8QLYHUVLW\LQ3RVW0DVVLILFDWLRQ 5HGHVLJQLQJ7HDFKLQJDQG5HVHDUFK6\VWHPV ࢯ࢘ࣝᅜ❧Ꮫ ⏦ ṇ ᧔ ኚࡉࡽࡉࢀࡿ㧗➼ᩍ⫱㸫࣏ࢫࢺ࣭࣐ࢫࢸࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ㸫 ⚾ࡢⓎ⾲࡛ࡣࠊᏛࡢᮍ᮶㛵ࡍࡿどⅬࡽ⌧ᅾࡢᏛࢆデ᩿ࡋࠊࡑࡢᯟ⤌ࡳࡢ୰࡛ࠊࡑࡢ ඹྠᏛ㛵ࡍࡿࢸ࣮࣐ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࠊᑡࡋ⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋᅗࢆᚚぴ࡞ࡿ࠾ศ ࡾࡔᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊᏛࡣ㠀ᖖ㏿࠸ࢫࣆ࣮ࢻ࡛ኚࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢᛴ⃭ኚࡍࡿᏛࢆࠊ ࡢࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚ᴫᛕⓗᩚ⌮ࡍࢀࡤࡼ࠸ࡢゝ࠺ࡇࡣࠊ㠀ᖖ㞴ࡋ࠸ㄢ㢟࡛ࡍࠋ⚾ࡓࡕࡀ Ꮫ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ࣋ࢸࣛࣥࡢඛ⏕᪉࠾࠸࡚ࡣ⣙ ᖺ௨ୖࠊⱝᡭࡢඛ⏕᪉ࡣ ᖺ㏆ࡃࠊࡑࡢ୰ 㛫ࡢඛ⏕᪉ࡣయ ᖺ㏆ࡃ࠾ࢆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡀ⌧ᅾࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞≧ἣ ⨨ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠊ⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡿᶵ࠸࠺ࡢࡣవࡾ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊⓙࡉࢇඹࠊࡇࡢၥ㢟 ࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ Ꮫࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿ⪃࠼᪉ࡣࠊࡁࡃศࡅ࡚ ✀㢮ࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ୍ࡘࡣࠊ࢚࣮ࣜࢺࢆ 㣴ᡂࡍࡁ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉ࡀᙉࡃ࠶ࡾࠊࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡣࠊࡍ࡚ࡢேࠎᏛᩍ⫱ࡢᶵࢆࠊ ࠶ࡲࡡࡃබᖹศ㓄ࡍࡁ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࠊẸᖹ➼⩏ⓗ࡞⪃࠼᪉ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋᏛࡀ᭱ึ ㄌ⏕ࡋࡓࡣࠊ࢚࣮ࣜࢺ⩏ⓗ࡞⪃࠼᪉ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ㄌ⏕ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢᏛࢆ࢚࣮ࣜࢺ࣭ࣘ ࢽࣂ࣮ࢩࢸゝ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡈࡃᑡᩘࡢࠊ㠀ᖖඃࢀࡓᏛ⏕ࡔࡅࡀᏛධᏛࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡑࡢᚋࠊ➨ḟᡓ௨㝆ࠊᏛᩍ⫱ࡢᶵࡣࠊ᭦ከࡃࡢேࠎࡲ࡛ᗈࡀࡾࠊࡓࡃࡉࢇࡢேࡀ Ꮫ㐍Ꮫࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ⌧ᅾࡣࠊࢇࡢᅜ࠾࠸࡚ࠊᕼᮃࡍࢀࡤㄡ࡛ࡶⓙࠊᏛᩍ⫱ࢆཷࡅ ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿẁ㝵ධࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ⚾ࡣࠊࡇࢀࢆ࣏ࢫࢺ࣭࣐ࢫࢸࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡧࡓ࠸ᛮ ࠸ࡲࡍ㸦ࢫࣛࢻ 㸧ࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞≧ἣୗ࡛ࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡣ㠀ᖖࡁ࡞⎔ቃⓗ࡞ኚྥࡁྜࡗ ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣜࢮ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࠸࠺ၥ㢟࡛ࡍࠋࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣜࢮ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ ⤒῭Ꮫࢆᑓᨷࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿඛ⏕᪉ࡣࡼࡃ࠾ศࡾࡔᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊᩍ⫱Ꮫࡢඛ⏕᪉ࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ࣓ ࣮ࢪࡀ࡞࠸ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋ ࡇࡇ࡛ࠊ୍ࡘࡢࢆᣲࡆ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋྎࡣ☜ࠊᑡࡋ๓ࡲ࡛ࣔࢺ࣮ࣟࣛࡢ♫ࡀ ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡶ࠶ࡿࡶ▱ࢀࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊࡑࡢࣔࢺ࣮ࣟࣛࡢᮏ♫ࡀ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢࢸ࢟ࢧࢫ࠶ࡾࠊ ࡑࡢࢸ࢟ࢧࢫ࡛᪂〇ရࡢ⏬ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ⏬ἢࡗࡓලయⓗ࡞〇ရࡢࢹࢨ ࣥࢆࢫ࢚࡛ࣛࣝ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊᕤሙࡣྎ‴ࠊ୰ᅜ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ〇ရ㈍ࡢ ⏬ࡣࠊ㤶 ࡛⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊୡ⏺ⓗ࡞⏕⏘ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡀᩚࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊࡇࡢ♫ ࡀᚲせࡍࡿேᮦࡣࠊୡ⏺࡛᭱ࡶඃࢀࡓேᮦ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢேᮦࡀࡇ࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊ ࡑࢀၥ㢟࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡋࡋࠊၥ㢟ࡣࠊᯝࡓࡋ࡚ㄡࡀࡑࡢඃࢀࡓேᮦࢆ㣴ᡂࡍࡿࡢࠋ ࡇࡢၥ㢟ࢆ✺ࡁワࡵࡿࠊ⤖ᒁࡣࠊࡢᏛࡀࡼ࠸Ꮫ࡛࠶ࡿࡢࠊࡑ࠺⪃࠼ࡿࡋ࠶ࡾࡲࡏ ࢇࠋ ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞୰࡛ฟ࡚ࡁࡓࡢࡀࠊ ᖺ௦ࡢึࡵࡽ୰㡭Ⓩሙࡋࡓࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝࣛࣥ࢟ࣥࢢ࡛ ࡍࠋࡑࡢࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝࣛࣥ࢟ࣥࢢࡢୖࡢᏛධࡿࡓࡵࠊከࡃࡢດຊࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋࡇ࠺ࡋ ࡚ㄌ⏕ࡋࡓࡢࡀࠊ࣮࣡ࣝࢻࢡࣛࢫ࣭ࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢩࢸ࡞ࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡢഃ㠃ࡋ࡚ࠊୡ⏺࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ୍ࡘࡢᅜࡀᏙ❧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᵝࠎ࡞ᅜ ⤖ࡧ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡢ㈈ᨻ༴ᶵࡣࠊࢪࡢ㈈ᨻ༴ᶵ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ⤒῭༴ᶵ ࡀࠊࡘ࡚ࡣ ᖺࡈࠊ ᖺࡈ㉳ࡁ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊୡ⏺࠾ࡅࡿ⤒῭༴ᶵࡣࠊẖᖺ㉳ ࡇࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀ࡞ࡐࠋୡ⏺ࡢࡢᅜࡶ⤒῭༴ᶵ┤㠃ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡢ⤒῭༴ᶵࡣࠊ⮬ᅜࡶ ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍࡽ࡛ࡍࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡀ┤㠃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ≧ἣࡣࠊࡼࡾከࡃࡢேࠎᩍ⫱ࡢᶵ ࢆࠊᏛᩍ⫱ࡢᶵࢆ࠼࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࣏ࢫࢺ࣭࣐ࢫࢸࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ୰࡛ࠊࡼࡾඃࢀࡓ Ꮫ⏕ࢆ⫱࡚࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࣮࣡ࣝࢻࢡࣛࢫ࣭ࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢩࢸ࡞ࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ᭦ࠊᅜᐙ ㈈ᨻࡀᖺࠎཝࡋࡃ࡞ࡿ⤒῭༴ᶵࡢ୰࡛ࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡣᏛ⏕ࢆᩍ⫱ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ⚾ࡣࡇࡢ ≧ἣࢆ࣮࣡ࣝࢻࢡࣛࢫ࣭ࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢩࢸ࣭࣭࣏ࣥࢫࢺ࣭࣐ࢫࢸࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥྡࡅ࡚ࡳࡲ ࡋࡓࠋ ࡇࡇ୍࡛ࡘࠊ㛵ᚰࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ࡇࡣࠊ࣏ࢫࢺ࣭࣐ࢫࢸࢣ࣮ࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡍࠋ࣏ࢫࢺ࣭ ࣐ࢫࢸࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊከࡃࡢேࠎᩍ⫱ࡢᶵࢆ࠼ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࡢ࡛ࠊ⤖ᒁ ࡣᩍ⫱㔜Ⅼࢆ⨨࠸ࡓ⪃࠼᪉࡛ࡍࠋ࣮࣡ࣝࢻࢡࣛࢫ࣭ࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢩࢸࡣࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝࣛࣥ࢟ࣥ ࢢ⤖ࡧ࠸࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊࡇࡢࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝࣛࣥ࢟ࣥࢢ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡣࠊゝ࠸᪉ࢆኚ࠼ࢀࡤࠊࡍ ࡚Ꮫࡢ◊✲⏕⏘ᛶᇶ࡙࠸࡚㡰ࡅࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࣮࣡ࣝࢻࢡࣛࢫ࣭ࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢩࢸࡣ◊ ✲㛵ࡍࡿࠊ࣏ࢫࢺ࣭࣐ࢫࢸࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡣᩍ⫱㛵ࡍࡿࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣜࢮ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡣ ⤒῭㛵ࡍࡿ⤖ࡧ࠸࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡛ࡣࠊࡶ࠺ᑡࡋヲ⣽ࠊ࢚࣮ࣜࢺᏛ௦ࠊ⾗ࡉࢀࡓᏛ௦ࠊ࣏ࢫࢺ࣭࣐ࢫࢸࢣ࣮ ࢩࣙࣥ௦ศࡅ࡚ࠊᩍ⫱◊✲ࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡲࡎࠊᏛ⏕ࡘ࠸࡚ぢ࡚ ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ᫇ࡢᏛ⏕ࡣࠊ≉ඃࢀࡓ୍㒊ࡢᏛ⏕ࡔࡅࡀᏛ㐍Ꮫࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ࡚ࡶඃࢀࡓᏛ ⏕ࡓࡕ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ᭱㏆ࡢᏛ⏕ࡣࠊࢇဨࡀᏛ⾜ࡃࡓࡵࠊ⋡┤ゝࡗ࡚Ꮫ⏕ࡢࣞ࣋ࣝࡣ ᫇㧗ࡃࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ ࡑࡢḟࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡀᏛ࡛ఱࢆᩍ࠼ࡿࡢゝ࠼ࡤࠊ▱㆑ࢆᥦ౪ࡋࡲࡍࠋࡋࡋࠊࡑࡢ▱㆑ ࡢࣞ࣋ࣝࡘ࠸࡚ゝ࠼ࡤࠊ᫇ࡣ▱㆑ࡀవࡾከࡃ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋᏛᩍᤵࡀ⾜࠺ࡣ ఱ࠸࠼ࡤࠊ▱㆑ࢆከࡃసࡾฟࡍ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢసࡾฟࡋࡓ▱㆑ࢆࡶࡗ࡚Ꮫ⏕ࡓࡕ ᩍ࠼ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢሙྜࠊࡼ࠸ᩍᤵࠊඃࢀࡓᩍᤵࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊከࡃࡢ▱ ㆑ࢆసࡾฟࡍᩍᤵ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ▱㆑ࢆ⏕⏘ࡋࠊᏛ⏕ᩍ࠼ࡿࣜࢧ࣮ࢳࢻࣜࢵࣉࡣࠊࢸ ࣮ࢳࣥࢢࣔࢹ୍ࣝ⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡀ࢚࣮ࣜࢺ࣭ࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢩࢸࡢ௦ࡢᏛᩍ⫱࡛ ࡍࠋከࡃࡢඛ⏕᪉ࡀᩍ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ㔜せ࡞▱㆑ࡣࠊࢇࡀࠊࡇࡢ௦సࡾฟࡉࢀࡓ▱㆑࡛ࡍࠋ ⚾ࡓࡕࡀ▱㆑ࢆࡓࡃࡉࢇసࡾࡔࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡀసࡾฟࡋࡓ▱㆑Ꮫ⏕ࡓࡕࡀᏛࡪ ࡁ▱㆑ࡢ㔞ࡀࡰ୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ࠸ࡋ࡚ࡇࡢ୧⪅ࢆࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡀసࡾฟࡋࡓ▱㆑ࢆࠊ ◊✲ᩍ⫱ㄪࡉࡏࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡣࠊ㔜せ࡞ၥ㢟࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢⓏሙࡋࡓ⪃࠼᪉ࡀࠊ ࡢࡇࢁࠊ࣐ࢫࢸࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ௦⾲ࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ 㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢ⌧ఫᡤ ࡉ࡚ࠊࡣࡢẁ㝵᮶࡚࠸ࡿࡢࠋ⚾ࡓࡕࡣ㠀ᖖከࡃࡢ▱㆑ࢆ⏕⏘ࡋࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠊవࡾ ࡶ▱㆑ࡀ⣽ศࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ▱㆑ࢆࡶࡗ࡚ᣦᑟࡋࡓሙྜࠊ⬟ຊࡀ㊊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᏛ⏕ࢆᣦᑟ ࡍࡿࡇࡣ࡛ࡁࡲࡏࢇࠋ⤖ᒁࠊ▱㆑Ꮫ⏕ࡢࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ㞳ࠊࢹ࢝ࢵࣉࣜࣥࢢࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࡇ࡛ࠊඛ⏕᪉ࡣࠊ㠀୍ᗘ⪃࠼࡚ࡳ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ◊✲ࡋ࡚ᑟࡁฟࡋࡓ▱㆑ ࡢఱ㸣ࢆࠊᏛ⏕ࡢᩍ⫱ά⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ≉ࠊࡇࡇ࡛࣐ࢫࢸࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆㄽࡌࡿሙྜࡣࠊ Ꮫ㒊ᩍ⫱ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢヰ࡛ࡍࠋࢀࡔࡅά⏝ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋከࡃࡣά⏝࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ᛮࢃࢀ ࡲࡍࠋ ᩍ⫱◊✲ࢆ㐃ᦠࡉࡏࡿࣔࢹࣝࡣࠊṔྐⓗ୕ࡘࡢⓎᒎẁ㝵ࢆ⤒࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࣇࣛࣥࢫᘧࣔ ࢹࣝࠊࢻࢶᘧࣔࢹࣝࠊ࣓ࣜ࢝ᘧࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡍ㸦ࢫࣛࢻ 㸧ࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ⚾ࡀࠊᖺࡶᑡࡋㄝ᫂ ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫᘧࣔࢹࣝࡢሙྜࡣࠊఏ⤫ⓗᩍ⫱◊✲ࡀྠ⤖ࡧ࠸ ࡚࠸ࡲࡏࢇࠋ◊✲ࡣ◊✲ᡤ࡛⾜࠸ࠊᩍ⫱ࡣࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢩࢸ࡛⾜࠸ࡲࡍࠋࣇࣛࣥࢫࡢᏛࡶ↛ࡾ ࡛ࠊⓙᵝ᪉ࡀࡼࡃᚚᏑࡌࡢࢢࣛࣥࢮࢥ࣮ࣝࡣࠊᇶᮏⓗࠊṔྐⓗᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵࡛࠶ࡗ࡚◊✲ᶵ㛵࡛ ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡑࢀᑐࡋ࡚ࠊࢻࢶࡢᏛࡣࠊ◊✲ࢆࡋ࡚ࠊᩍ⫱ࡍࡿࡇ║ࢆ⨨ࡁࡲࡍࠋ ᪥ᮏࡢᏛࡣࠊࢻࢶࡢࣔࢹࣝࢆ㍺ධࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊከࡃࡢඛ⏕᪉ࡣࠊ◊✲ࢆࡋࡗࡾ ⾜࠺ࡇࡀࠊࡼ࠸ᩍ⫱ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ⤖ࡧࡃಙࡌ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࡋ࡚᭦ࠊ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡣูࡢ᪉ᘧࢆ㑅ᢥࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࣇࣛࣥࢫࡢᩍ⫱ࣔࢹࣝࡣᏛ㒊ᩍ⫱ᑟධ ࡋࠊࢻࢶࡢ◊✲ࣔࢹࣝࡣᏛ㝔ࡢᩍ⫱ᑟධࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑ࠺ࡋ࡚ࠊ୧⪅ࢆࠊᏛ㒊Ꮫ㝔 ࠸࠺␗࡞ࡿᏛኈ༢⤖ࡧࡅࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ᪥ࠊᩍ⫱㛵ࡍࡿၥ㢟ࢆㄒࡿሙྜࠊ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ Ꮫࡀඃࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀࡣ࡞ࡐ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᩍ⫱ࡀ࠶ࡿࡽ࡛ࡍࠋ◊✲㛵ࡍࡿၥ㢟ࢆㄒࡿሙྜ ࡶࠊ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢᏛࡀඃࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝࣛࣥ࢟ࣥࢢ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊୖࢆ༨ࡵࡲࡍࠋ ࡞ࡐ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ◊✲ࣔࢹࣝࡀ࠶ࡿࡽ࡛ࡍࠋඹ⤖ࡧ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢⅬࡣ୍ᗘࠊࡼࡃ ⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 㧗➼ᩍ⫱࠾ࡅࡿᩍ⫱◊✲ࡢࣂࣛࣥࢫ ୡ⏺ྛᅜࡢᩍ⫱◊✲ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࣔࢹࣝࢆ⚾࡞ࡾᑡࡋᩚ⌮ࡋ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊࡢࡼ࠺ ᩚ⌮ࡍࡿ⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ◊✲ࢀࡔࡅ㞟୰ࡍࡿࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࡘࡲࡾࠊ◊✲ᑐࡍࡿ ព㆑ࡸࠊᐇ㝿◊✲ࢀࡔࡅከࡃࡢ㛫ࢆᢞ㈨ࡍࡿ࠸࠺どⅬࡽࠊୡ⏺ࡢ ࡢᏛࡢࢩ ࢫࢸ࣒ࢆẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡓࠋࢹ࣮ࢱࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ┬␎ࡋࡲࡍࠋࡑ࠺ࡍࡿࠊ⤖ᯝⓗࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ ⾲ࡀ࡛ࡁ࠶ࡀࡾࡲࡋࡓ㸦ࢫࣛࢻ 㸧ࠋࡇࡢୗࡢ᪉ࢆᚚぴ࠸ࡓࡔࡃࠊࣜࢧ࣮ࢳ࣭ࣉࣜࣇࣞࣥ ࢫࠊ⮬ศࡀࢀࡔࡅ◊✲ࢆዲࡴࠊ◊✲ࢆࡋࡓ࠸ࡢ࠸࠺ࠊ◊✲ᑐࡍࡿែᗘ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡇࡕ ࡽ⾜ࡃࠊ◊✲ᑐࡍࡿẼᣢࡕࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࡕࡽࡣࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ◊✲ᑐࡍࡿẼᣢࡕࡼ ࡾࡶࠊࢀࡔࡅ⮬ศࡀከࡃࡢ◊✲ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࠊᐇ㝿ࡢ㛫ⓗ࡞ᢞ㈨ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ 㸦ࢫࣛࢻ 㸧ࠋ ᜍࡽࡃⓙᵝࡀணࡉࢀࡓࡼ࠺ࠊࢻࢶࢆࡣࡌࡵࡍࡿ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃㅖᅜࡣࠊᴫࡡ◊✲ࢆዲࡴ ᗘྜ࠸ࡀ㧗ࡃࠊ◊✲ᑐࡍࡿ㛫ࡶከࡃ㈝ࡸࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀᑐࡋ࡚ࠊⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡣࠊᴫ ࡡ◊✲ࢆዲࡴᗘྜ࠸ࡀపࡃࠊ◊✲ᑐࡍࡿ㛫ⓗ࡞ᢞ㈨ࡶᑡ࡞࠸࠸࠺⤖ᯝࡀฟࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ศᕸࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ୍ࡘࠊࡇࡇ࡛ὀពࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡇࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࢀࡣ࣓࡛ࣜ࢝ࡍࠋ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢᏛࡣࠊ◊✲ࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᩍ⫱ࣔࢹ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ ࡛ࡍࠋඛ⏕᪉ࡶࡼࡃᚚᏑࡌࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ᭷ྡᏛࡣࠊ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢᏛయࡢࡓࡗࡓ 㸣 ࡶ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡈࡃᑡᩘࡢᏛࡀ◊✲㔜Ⅼࢆ⨨࠸࡚◊✲ࢆ⾜࠸ࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢᏛࡀࢢ࣮ࣟࣂ ࣝࣛࣥ࢟ࣥࢢࡢୖࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡋࡋࠊ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢᏛࡢ㒊ศࡣࠊᩍ⫱㔜Ⅼࢆ ⨨࠸࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ᐇࢆ⪃៖ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡇࢁࡀࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡀホ౯ᑐ㇟ࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ◊✲୰ᚰࡢᏛ࡛ࡍࠋ࡞ࡐゝ࠼ࡤࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢᏛࠊࡈࡃᑡᩘࡢᏛ ࡀࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝࣛࣥ࢟ࣥࢢࡢୖ㌺୪ࡳ୪ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡽ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡑ࠺࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊඛ ࡶ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊᏛ࠾ࡅࡿ◊✲㔜Ⅼࢆ⨨ࡃᅜࡶ࠶ࡾࠊ◊✲ᩍ⫱ࡢࣂࣛࣥࢫ 㔜Ⅼࢆ⨨ࡃᏛࡶ࠶ࡾࠊࢸ࣮ࢳࣥࢢ㔜Ⅼࠊᩍ⫱㔜Ⅼࢆ⨨ࡃᏛࡸᅜࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊࡑ࠺ ࡋࡓᅜࡈࠊ◊✲ࢆᐇ㝿⾜ࡗࡓᡂᯝࠊ◊✲ᡂᯝࡀ࠺࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡢࠊᐇ㝿◊✲ࢀ ࡢ㛫ࢆᢞ㈨ࡋࡓࡢࠊᩍᤵ⫋ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊᩍᤵ࠸࠺⫋ᴗࢀࡔࡅ‶㊊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࠊ ࢀࡔࡅࢫࢺࣞࢫࢆឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࢆㄪ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡓࠋࡍ࡚◊✲୰ᚰࠊ◊✲ᩍ⫱ࡢࣂࣛࣥࢫࠊ ࢸ࣮ࢳࣥࢢ୰ᚰࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺୪ࢇ࡛࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊⱝᖸ㐪ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋゝ࠸࠼ࢀࡤࠊ⫋ᴗᑐ ࡍࡿ‶㊊ࠊࢪࣙࣈ࣭ࢧࢸࢫࣇࢡࢩࣙࣥࢪࣙࣈ࣭ࢫࢺࣞࢫ࠾࠸࡚ࠊᩍ⫱◊✲ࡢ୧᪉ࢆ ࡋࡗࡾ⾜࠺ࡇࢆせồࡍࡿࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢሙྜࡣࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺ᩍᤵࡢࢫࢺࣞࢫࡀ㧗ࡃ⾲ࢀ࡚ ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊ‶㊊ᗘࡶ㧗ࡃ⾲ࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ‶㊊ᗘࡀ㧗ࡃࠊࢫࢺࣞࢫࡶከ࠸ࠋ㠀ᖖ≉Ṧ ࡛ࡍࠋ ඛ࠾ぢࡏࡋࡓᅗࢆࡶ࠺ᑡࡋᩚ⌮ࡋ࡚ࡳࡲࡍࠊࣜࢧ࣮ࢳ㔜Ⅼࢆ⨨࠸ࡓࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣࠊ ࢻࢶࠊ᪥ᮏࠊࢱࣜࠊ࢜ࣛࣥࢲࠊࣇࣥࣛࣥࢻࠊࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘ࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜࠊࣝࢮࣥ ࢳࣥࡀྵࡲࢀࠊࢸ࣮ࢳࣥࢢ㔜Ⅼࢆ⨨࠸ࡓࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣࠊ࣓ࣜ࢝ࠊ୰ᅜࠊࡑࡋ࡚࣐࣮ࣞࢩ ࠊ༡ࣇࣜ࢝ࠋࢸ࣮ࢳࣥࢢࣜࢧ࣮ࢳࡢࣂࣛࣥࢫࡀྲྀࢀࡓࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣࠊࢠࣜࢫࠊ࢝ࢼ ࢲࠊ࣏ࣝࢺ࢞ࣝࠊ㡑ᅜࠊ࣓࢟ࢩࢥࠊࣈࣛࢪࣝࠊ㤶 ࡞ࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ㸦ࢫࣛࢻ 㸧ࠋ ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊࡶࡋࡋࡓࡽࠊࣝࢮࣥࢳࣥࡘ࠸࡚ၥࢆᣢࡓࢀࡿ᪉ࡀ࠸ࡽࡗࡋࡷࡿࡶ▱ࢀࡲࡏ ࢇࠋ࡞ࡐゝ࠺ࠊᇶᮏⓗࣝࢮࣥࢳࣥࡣࠊ◊✲ࡼࡾࡶᩍ⫱㔜Ⅼࢆ⨨ࡃࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆᣢࡗ ࡚࠸ࡿࡽ࡛ࡍࠋࡋࡋࠊᩍ⫱㔜Ⅼࢆ⨨࠸ࡓሙྜࠊࡑࡢᩍ⫱ࢆᢸ࠺ࡢࡣࠊࡳ࡞㠀ᖖࡢㅮᖌ ࡛ࡍࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊᩍ⫱ࡣࡍ࡚㠀ᖖㅮᖌࡀᢸᙜࡋࠊࣝࢮࣥࢳࣥࡢᩍᤵࡓࡕࡣࠊ㏻ᖖࠊ◊✲ࢆ ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊᑡࡋ㐪ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ࣭ࣝࢡࢭࢫ௦ࡢᩍ⫱ᢞ㈨ ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࠊඛ㧗➼ᩍ⫱Ꮫ⾗ࠊ࣏ࢫࢺ࣭࣐ࢫࢸࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࠸࠺ヰࢆࡋࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ 㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢ㐍Ꮫ⋡ࡀࡢ⛬ᗘ࡞ࡿぢ࡚ࡳࡿࠊ ᖺ⌧ᅾ࡛ࠊ㡑ᅜࡣ⣙ 㸣࡛ࡍࠋྎ‴ 㸣ࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ 㸣ࠊ࣓ࣜ࢝ 㸣࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ㸦ࢫࣛࢻ 㸧ࠋ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢ㐍Ꮫ⋡ ࡀᴫࡡ 㸣๓ᚋ࡞ࡾࠊ࣏ࢫࢺ࣭࣐ࢫࢸࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࠊ⾗㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢẁ㝵᪤ධࡗ࡚࠸ࡲ ࡍࠋ࣐࣮ࢳ࣭ࣥࢺࣟ࢘ࡢ⾲⌧ࢆࡾࡿ࡞ࡽࠊࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ࣭ࣝࢡࢭࢫ᪤ධࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࢇࡢᅜࠎࡀྠᵝࡢẁ㝵ධࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ᪥ᮏࡢሙྜࡣ 㸣࡛ࠊ᪤⾗㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢẁ㝵 ධࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ḟࠊࡓࡃࡉࢇࡢ◊✲ࢆ⾜࠺࠸࠺ࡇࢆ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊࢀࡔࡅከࡃࡢ◊✲ࢆ⾜࠺ࡢ ࠸࠼ࡤࠊ,6, ᥖ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿㄽᩥࡢᩘࡣࠊẖᖺࡇࡢࡼ࠺ቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᮏᙜࡓࡃ ࡉࢇࡢ◊✲ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࠊࡓࡃࡉࢇࡢ▱㆑ࡀ⏕ࡳฟࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡋࡋࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢ▱㆑ࡢ࠺ࡕࠊ ࢀࡔࡅࡢ▱㆑ࡀ♫ⓗ࠸㐨ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡀᩍ⫱ࢀࡔࡅά⏝ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࠋࡇࢀࡣ⚾ࡢᙇࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊࢇά⏝࡛ࡁ࡞࠸▱㆑ࡀ 㸣ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ ࡣࠊࡑࢀ௨ୖ࡞ࡿࡶ▱ࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋ ࡛ࡣࠊᨻᗓࡣࡢࡼ࠺ᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࠋᨻᗓࡢሙྜࡣࠊබඹⓗ㈈※ࡀᩍ⫱ᢞ㈨ࡉࢀࡿࠊ 㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᑐࡍࡿᢞ㈨ࡢ *'3 ẚ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡕࡽࡣࠊබඹⓗ㈈※ࡀ◊✲ᢞ㈨ࡉࢀࡿ *'3 ẚ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡲࡓࠊᩍ⫱◊✲ࡢ㛫ࡣࠊᨻᗓᢞ㈨ࡢほⅬࡽぢࡓሙྜࠊ┦㛵ಀᛶࡀ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ぢ࠼ ࡲࡍࠋᩍ⫱ከࡃᢞ㈨ࡍࡿࡇࡶ࡛ࡁࠊ◊✲ከࡃᢞ㈨ࡍࡿࡇࡶ࡛ࡁࠊ୧᪉ከࡃᢞ㈨ࡍࡿ ࡇࡶ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ᛮ࠼ࡲࡍࡀࠊヲࡋࡃぢࡿࠊࡘࡢഴྥࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ୍ࡘࡣࠊࡇࡕࡽࡢഴྥ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊᩍ⫱◊✲ࡀࠊ࠸ẚࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋࡲ ࡓࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢢࣛࣇࡶฟ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋᩍ⫱◊✲ࡀṇẚࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋẚࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡢ ࡣࠊゝ࠸࠼ࢀࡤࠊ◊✲ከࡃᢞ㈨ࡍࡿࠊᩍ⫱ᑐࡍࡿᢞ㈨ࡀῶࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ࡛ࡣࠊ ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᅜࡀࡇࢀヱᙜࡍࡿࡢぢ࡚ࡳࡲࡍࠋ㡑ᅜࠊ᪥ᮏࠊ࣓ࣜ࢝࠸ࡗࡓᅜࠎࡀධࡗ࡚ ࠸ࡲࡍ㸦ࢫࣛࢻ 㸧 ࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢᅜࠎࡣࠊᩍ⫱ᑐࡍࡿᢞ㈨ࢆῶࡽࡋࠊ◊✲ᑐࡍ ࡿᢞ㈨ࢆቑࡸࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᅜࠎ࡛ࡍࠋᨻᗓࡀᨻ⟇ࡋ࡚◊✲ࢆከࡃ⾜ࢃࡏࡿ୍᪉࡛ࠊᩍ⫱ࡣవࡾ ຊࢆධࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ᅜࠎ࡛ࡍࠋ ᖺࡽ ᖺࡢ㛫ࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᑐࡍࡿࠊᩍ⫱ᑐࡍࡿᢞ㈨ ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡀࡢ⛬ᗘኚࡍࡿぢ࡚ࡳࡿࠊࢻࢶࡣⱝᖸῶࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࣇࣛࣥࢫࡣࠊ㧗➼ᩍ ⫱ᑐࡍࡿᢞ㈨ࡀⱝᖸῶࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ࡛ࡣࠊࡇࡢᅜࢆᚚぴࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠋࢠࣜࢫࡣ 㸣ࡽ 㸣 ῶࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋṧࡾࡢ 㸣ࡣࠊࡍ࡚ぶࡀᏛ㈝ࢆฟࡍ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࡽࠊヰࡣࠊ࡞ࡾ῝้࡛ ࡍࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ヂ࡛ࠊࢠࣜࢫ࡛ࡣࠊᖺ୍ᖺࠊᏛ⏕ࡓࡕࡢࢹࣔࡀ㢖Ⓨࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢࢢ ࣛࣇࢆᚚぴ࡞ࢀࡤࡈ⌮ゎ࠸ࡓࡔࡅࡿᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ḟࠊᨻᗓࡀᢞ㈨ࢆࡋ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊ⚾❧ࡢᶵ㛵ࡀ᭦ቑຍࡋࡲࡋࡓ㸦ࢫࣛࢻ 㸧ࠋ᪥ᮏ㡑 ᅜࡣ㏆࠸ࣞ࣋ࣝࢆಖࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡋࡋࠊࡇࡕࡽࢆᚚぴࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠋ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫࠊ ࢻࢶ࠸ࡗࡓᅜࠎࡣࠊఏ⤫ⓗබᩍ⫱ࢆᅜࡀ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀࡀࠊ᪤ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ኚࢃࡗ ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑ࠺ࡍࡿࠊඛ࠾ヰࡋࡋࡓࡼ࠺ࠊබඹⓗ㈈※ࢆά⏝ࡋࡓᩍ⫱ᑐࡍ ࡿᢞ㈨ࢆᨻᗓࡀῶࡽࡍ࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࡛ࡣࠊࡇࡀቑ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ㡑ᅜࠊ᪥ ᮏࠊ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡣࠊ◊✲㛤Ⓨከࡃᢞ㈨ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡋࡋࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞◊✲ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ⚾ࡣࠊ◊✲ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺ศ㢮ࡋࡲࡍࠋ⣧⢋◊✲ࠊᛂ⏝◊✲ࠊⓎᒎ◊✲ࠊࡘࡲࡾࠊ ࣆ࣭ࣗࣜࢧ࣮ࢳࠊࣉ࣭ࣛࣜࢧ࣮ࢳࠊࢹ࣋ࣟࢵࣉ࣓ࣥࢺ࣭ࣜࢧ࣮ࢳ࡛ࡍ㸦ࢫࣛࢻ 㸧ࠋ ࡇࡢ࠺ࡕࠊே㛫♫⌧㇟ࡢᇶᮏⓗ࡞⌧㇟⮬యࢆ◊✲ࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊᜍࡽࡃࣆ࣭ࣗࣜࢧ࣮ ࢳヱᙜࡍࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢၥ㢟ࢆゎỴࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊᛂ⏝ࡋࡓࡾࡶࡋ࡚ࡶ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࡢḟࠊၥ㢟ゎỴࡢࡓࡵࡢලయⓗ࡞ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋ࡚ࠊࢹ࣋ࣟࢵࣉ࣓ࣥࢺ࣭ࣜࢧ࣮ࢳ ࡋ࡚⏝ࡍࡿࡇࡶ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ࣓ࣜ࢝ࠊ᪥ᮏࠊ㡑ᅜ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡇࡢ ✀㢮ࡢ࠺ࡕࠊ㣕ࡧࡠ ࡅ࡚ࢹ࣋ࣟࢵࣉ࣓ࣥࢺ࣭ࣜࢧ࣮ࢳࠊⓎᒎ◊✲ࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢࡇࡣࠊゝࡍࢀࡤࠊ ᨻᗓࡀᩍ⫱ᑐࡍࡿᢞ㈨ࢆῶࡽࡋࡓ௦ࢃࡾࠊ◊✲㛤Ⓨᑐࡍࡿᢞ㈨ࢆቑࡸࡋࠊ᭦ࠊ◊✲㛤 Ⓨࡢෆᐜ❧ࡕධࡗ࡚ࡳࡿࠊࢇࡀⓎᒎ◊✲࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ ⚾ࡓࡕࡣᏛ㒊ᩍ⫱ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋᏛ㝔ᩍ⫱ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ◊✲ࡶࣆ࣭ࣗࣜࢧ࣮ ࢳࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࣉ࣭ࣛࣜࢧ࣮ࢳࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࢹ࣋ࣟࢵࣉ࣓ࣥࢺ࣭ࣜࢧ࣮ࢳࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢᩍ ⫱◊✲ࠊᏛ㒊ᩍ⫱Ꮫ㝔ᩍ⫱ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡀ࠸⤖ࡧ࠸࡚࠸ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ᴫᛕⓗᩚ⌮ࡋ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡓࠋᏛ㒊ᩍ⫱Ꮫ㝔ᩍ⫱࡛ࡣࠊ୍㒊ࡀ⤖ࡧ࠸࡚࠸ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽ ࢀࡲࡍ㸦ࢫࣛࢻ 㸧ࠋࡋࡋࠊ⣧⢋◊✲ࠊࣆ࣭ࣗࣜࢧ࣮ࢳࡀᏛ㒊ᩍ⫱┤᥋⤖ࡧ࠸࡚࠸ ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᜍࡽࡃᏛ㒊ᩍ⫱࡛ࡣࠊᴫࡡ⌧ᅾࡢᏛ㒊ࡢᏛ⏕ࡗ࡚ᚲせ࡞ෆᐜࡣࠊ᪤࠶ࡿ ⛬ᗘ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿෆᐜ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ᪂ࡋ࠸◊✲ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ᩍ࠼ࡿ࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡶࠊࣆ࣭ࣗ ࣜࢧ࣮ࢳࢆ⾜࠸ࡣࡋࡲࡍࡀࠊᜍࡽࡃࠊࡑࢀࡀᏛ㝔ᩍ⫱⤖ࡧ࠸࡚࠸ࡿᛮࢃࢀࡲࡍࠋ ≉ࠊ༤ኈㄢ⛬࠾ࡅࡿᛂ⏝◊✲ࡣ࠺࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᕤᴗᏛ࡛ከࡃ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡶࠊ ᜍࡽࡃࠊᏛ㝔㐣⛬ከᑡ⤖ࡧ࠸࡚ࡣ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊࡍ࡚ࡀ⤖ࡧ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡣゝ࠼࡞࠸ᛮ ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⤖ࡧ࠸࡚࠸࡞࠸㒊ศࡶ࠶ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ࡛ࡣࠊⓎᒎ◊✲ࡣ࠺࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡇࢀࡣᚲ ࡎᏛ࡛ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ◊✲ࡣከ㢠ࡢ㈝⏝ࡀࡾࡲࡍࠋ㠀ᖖࡓࡃࡉ ࢇࡢ㈨※ࢆᢞ㈨ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋᩍ⫱ࡣࠊẚ㍑ⓗᏳ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋᅜࡀከ㢠ࡢ㈨㔠ࢆ Ⓨᒎ◊✲ࡢࡓࡵᢞ㈨ࡋࡓሙྜࠊᏛ㒊ᩍ⫱Ꮫ㝔ᩍ⫱ࡣࡋ࡚ຓࡅࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ྍ⬟ᛶࡶ ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ぢࡿࠊ≉㡑ᅜࠊ᪥ᮏࠊ࣓ࣜ࢝࠾࠸࡚ࡢࡼ࠺࡞⌧㇟ࡀ ㉳ࡇࡿࡢゝ࠼ࡤࠊᨻᗓࡀከ㢠ࡢ㈨㔠ࢆࡇࡕࡽᢞ㈨ࡋࠊᩍ⫱ᑐࡍࡿᢞ㈨ࢆᑡ࡞ࡃࡍࡿࠊ ⤖ᒁࡣࡑࡢศࡔࡅᏛ⏕ࡀᏛ㈝ࢆᡶࢃ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ࣓ࣜ࢝ࠊ㡑ᅜࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ ᅜࡢ ᏛࡢᏛ㈝ࡣᑠࡉ࡞㢠࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ࡛ࡍࡽࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡀ⪃࠼ࢆᑡࡋኚ࠼࡚ࡳࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡑ ࠺࡛ࡍࠋ ᪂ࡋ࠸㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢᙧ ࡶ࠺୍ᗘࠊᩍ⫱ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢኚࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺㸦ࢫࣛࢻ 㸧ࠋ⚾ࡓࡕࡢࡢ ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡀࠊ᫇ࡣࠊᑠ࣭୰࣭㧗ᰯ࣭Ꮫධࡿࡢࡣᑡᩘ࡛ࡋࡓࠋᏛ㝔ࡣ᭦ᑡᩘࡀධࡿ ࠸࠺≧ែ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ ࡋࡋࠊ⌧ᅾ࡛ࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠋ᪤ 㸣ࠊ㸣ࠊ㸣ࠊ㸣ࡲ࡛ࡀᏛධࡿࡍ ࡿࠊᏛ㒊ᩍ⫱ࡣࠊ᪤ᑠ࣭୰࣭㧗࣭Ꮫࠊࢇࣀ࣮࣐࣭࢚ࣝࢹࣗࢣ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣙࣥࢩࢫࢸ ࣒Ꮫࡶ⦅ධࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓ࠸࠼ࡲࡍࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊ༞ᴗࡀᑡࡋ␗࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙧែ ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡶࡋࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙧែࡀ㛫㐪ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡞ࡽࡤࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡣ⪃࠼࡚ࡳ࡞ࡅ ࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡇࡀ୍ࡘ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋᏛ㒊ᩍ⫱ࡣࠊ◊✲࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃᩍ⫱㔜Ⅼࢆ⨨ࡃࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ḟࠊ⚾ࡀࣜࢧ࣮ࢳ࣭ࣇ࢛࣮࣭ࢸ࣮ࢳࣥࢢ࠸࠺ヰࢆࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ࡛ࡣࠊᏛ㒊ᩍ⫱ࢆ⾜࠺ேࠎ ࡣࠊࣜࢧ࣮ࢳࢆࡋ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡋࡋࠊࡑ࠺ࡣゝ࠼ࡲࡏࢇࠋ࡞ ࡐ࡞ࡽࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡀᏛ㒊ࡢᏛ⏕ᩍ࠼ࡿࡣࠊ◊✲ࡀᚲせࡔࡽ࡛ࡍࠋࡢࡼ࠺࡞ෆᐜࢆᏛ㒊ࡢ Ꮫ⏕ᩍ࠼ࡿࡁ࡞ࡢࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞᪉ἲࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ᩍ࠼ࡿࡁ࡞ࡢࠊࡇࢀࢆࠊࣜࢧ࣮ࢳ࣭ࣇ ࢛࣮࣭ࢸ࣮ࢳࣥࢢࡧࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋከࡃࡢඛ⏕᪉ࡀࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸▱㆑ࢆసࡾฟࡍ◊✲ࡣࡍ ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞◊✲ࡣవࡾࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡛ࡍࠋ Ꮫ㝔ᩍ⫱ࡣࠊᑓ㛛⫋ᴗࠊࣉࣟࣇ࢙ࢵࢩࣙࢼ࣭ࣝࢺࣞࣥࠊࣆ࣭ࣗࣜࢧ࣮ࢳࠊከᑡࡢࣉ ࣭ࣛࣜࢧ࣮ࢳ➼ࡀᚲせ࡛ࡍࠋࡋࡋࠊ⚾ࡀၥ㢟ᥦ㉳ࡋࡓ࠸ࡢࡣࠊࢹ࣋ࣟࢵࣉ࣓ࣥࢺ࣭ࣜࢧ࣮ ࢳ࡛ࡍࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ㛤Ⓨ◊✲࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࢆᏛ࡛ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࢀࡶࠊ ᴗ࡛ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ㡑ᅜࡸ᪥ᮏࡢሙྜࡣࠊᖾ࠸࡞ࡇᴗࡢࣜࢧ࣮ࢳ ࣛ࣎ࠊ◊✲ᡤࡀ㠀ᖖⓎᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᏛ࡛ᗄࡽ◊✲ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊᴗࡀᣢࡘ◊✲ᡤࠊࡑࡢ ♫ྜࡗࡓ〇ရࢆసࡾฟࡏࡿࡣࡎࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋᯝࡓࡋ࡚ࠊᏛࡀࡇࢀࢆࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞ ࠸ࡢ࠸࠺ၥࢆᥦ㉳ࡋࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࢫࣛࢻࡢ୰୍࡛ࡘᢤࡅࡓࡇࢁࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ Ⅼࡔࡅ⿵㊊ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࠋS ࢆᚚぴ࠸ ࡓࡔࡃࠊࡑࡢୗᅗࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢ⥳Ⰽ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠊඛࠊΎỈඛ⏕ࡀぢࡏ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ ࡗࡓᮏࢆぢࡲࡋ࡚ࠊ⚾ࡀୡ⏺ࡢᏛࢆ୕ࡘࡢᙧែศ㢮ࡋ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡓࠋ୍ࡘ┠ࡣ࣮࣡ࣝࢻࢡࣛ ࢫ࣭ࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢩࢸࠊࡘ┠ࡣࢼࢩࣙࢼࣝࢡࣛࢫ࣭ࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢩࢸࠊ୕ࡘ┠ࡣ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝࢡࣛࢫ࣭ ࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢩࢸࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺ศ㢮ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡇࡇ࡛ࠊ࣮࣡ࣝࢻࢡࣛࢫ࣭ࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢩࢸࡀᚲࡎࡋࡶ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝࢡࣛࢫ࣭ࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢩࢸࡼࡾ ࡶඃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡣ⤯ᑐ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ㔜せ࡞ࡢࡣࠊࡇ⮬ศࡢ┠ᶆࢆ⨨ࡁࠊࡇ ↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚࡚ᩍ⫱ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ࡛ࡣࠊ࣮࣡ࣝࢻࢡࣛࢫ࣭ࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢩࢸ࠸࠺ሙྜ ࠊ◊✲ࡉ࠼୍⏕ᠱࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࢀࡤ࣮࣡ࣝࢻࢡࣛࢫ࣭ࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢩࢸ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ⚾ ࡣࠊࡑ࠺ࡣᛮ࠸ࡲࡏࢇࠋࡇࡢ࣮࣡ࣝࢻࢡࣛࢫ࣭ࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢩࢸ࡞ࡿࡓࡵࡣࠊ᭱ᑠ㝈ࡢ◊✲ ࢆࡍࡿࡋ࡚ࡶࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂ࣭ࣝࢩ࣮ࣗࢆࠊࡼࡾୡ⏺ⓗ࡞ࢩ࣮ࣗࡋ࡚ᢅࡗ࡚࠸࡚ࡋ࠸ ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊࢹ࣋ࣟࢵࣉ࣓ࣥࢺ࣭ࣜࢧ࣮ࢳࡼࡾࡶ࣮࣋ࢩࢵࢡ࡞ࠊࣆ࣭ࣗࣜࢧ࣮ࢳࢆ⾜࠺ ᪉ࡀ㐺ษ࡛࠶ࡿᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡋࠊࢩ࣮ࣙࢺ࣭ࢱ࣮࣒࣭ࣜࢧ࣮ࢳࡼࡾࡶࣟࣥࢢ࣭ࢱ࣮࣒࣭ࣜࢧ࣮ࢳ ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇࡀᮃࡲࡋ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋከࡃࡢࢪㅖᅜࡀ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࣮࣡ࣝࢻࢡࣛࢫ࣭ࣘࢽࣂ࣮ ࢩࢸࡣఱ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ⚾ࡀᛮ࠺ࡣࠊࢼࢩࣙࢼࣝࢡࣛࢫ࣭ࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢩࢸ࡛ࡍࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ ே㛫ࡀᬑ㐢ⓗ࡞౯್ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢᩍ⫱◊✲ࢆ⾜࠺ࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊ࣮࣡ࣝࢻࢡࣛࢫ࣭ࣘࢽࣂ࣮ ࢩࢸ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑ࠺࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ༢Ꮫࡢࣛࣥ࢟ࣥࢢࢆ㧗ࡵࡓࡾࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᅜࡢⓎᒎࡢࡓࡵࡢ ᩍ⫱ࢆ⾜࠺ࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊᜍࡽࡃࢼࢩࣙࢼࣝࢡࣛࢫ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࡑࡢḟࠊ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝࢡࣛࢫ࣭ࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢩࢸࡣࠊᆅᇦ♫ࡢⓎᒎ㛵㐃ࡋ࡚ᩍ⫱◊✲ࢆ⾜ ࠺ࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ꮫࢆ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝࢡࣛࢫ࣭ࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢩࢸࡧࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࢀࡀⰋ࠸ ࠸࠺ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡢᏛࡀ⨨ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ≧ἣࢆ⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡓሙྜࠊࡇ㔜Ⅼࢆ⨨ࡃࡢ ࠸࠺ࡇࡀࠊ⚾ࡣࠊ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ Ӑ㉁ᛂ⟅ӑ ⬌㸸 㠀ᖖࡍࡤࡽࡋ࠸◊✲ሗ࿌࡛ࡋࡓࠋ⏦ᩍᤵࡘ㉁ၥࢆࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲ ࡍࠋ ୍ࡘ┠ࡣᴫᛕⓗ࡞ၥ㢟ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊ⏦ᩍᤵࡣ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢⓎᒎࢆ࢚࣮ࣜࢺᩍ⫱ࠊ⾗ ᩍ⫱ࠊ࣏ࢫࢺ⾗ᩍ⫱ศࡅ࡚࠸ࡽࡗࡋࡷ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᖺ௦ࠊ⡿ᅜࡢ࣐࣮ࢳ࣭ࣥࢺࣟ࢘ᩍᤵ ࡀࠊ࢚࣮ࣜࢺᩍ⫱ࠊ࣐ࢫᩍ⫱ࠊࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝᩍ⫱࠸࠺ᴫᛕࢆᥦၐࡋࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ࣏ࢫࢺ⾗ ᩍ⫱ࡣࡇࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝᩍ⫱ࡢࡼ࠺࡞㛵ಀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡇࢀࡀ୍ࡘ┠ࡢ㉁ၥ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡘ┠ࡣᩍ⫱㔜ど◊✲㔜ど࠸࠺༊ศ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᅜయࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆࡕࡽ ศ㢮ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡢࡣ࡚ࡶࡼ࠸᪉ἲࡔᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࠶ࡿᅜࠎࡣᩍ⫱ࢆ㔜どࡋࠊ࠶ࡿᅜࠎࡣ⛉Ꮫ ◊✲ࢆ㔜どࡍࡿࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡲࡓࡑࡢ୧᪉ࡢࣂࣛࣥࢫࡀ࠺ࡲࡃྲྀࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᅜࡶ࠶ࡾ ࡲࡍࠋ࡛ࡍࡀ⚾ࡀᛮ࠺ࠊᐇ㝿ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᅜࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ୰࡛ࠊ◊✲ࢆࡍࡿ Ꮫࡶ࠶ࡾࠊࡲࡓᩍ⫱ࢆࡍࡿᏛࡶ࠶ࡾࠊ୧⪅ࡢࣂࣛࣥࢫࡀྲྀࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᏛࡶ࠶ࡿᛮ࠸ ࡲࡍࠋࡶࡋ୍ࡘࡢᅜࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆࡕࡽศ㢮ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓሙྜࠊṇ☜ࡣゝ࠸㞴࠸ࡼ࠺ ឤࡌࡲࡍࠋࡓ࠼ࡤඛ୰ᅜࡣᩍ⫱㔜どࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ศ㢮ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ⚾ࡢ⌮ゎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ୰ᅜࡢ⌧ᐇࡣ୍⮴ࡋ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡛ࡍࠋ୰ᅜࡣ≉ ᖺ௨㝆ࠊከࡃࡢᏛࡀ◊✲ࢆ㠀ᖖ 㔜どࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᨻᗓࡀᩍဨᑐࡋࠊ◊✲ࡼࡾࡶᩍ⫱ࡶࡗຊࢆὀࡄࡼ࠺ᖖࡧࡅࡿ ࡢែ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡚ࠊᖖᥐ⨨ࡀㅮࡌࡽࢀࠊႏ㉳ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡇࡽࠊ ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᅜࡢ୰࡛ࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ ✀㢮ࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢศ㢮ࢆ⾜࠺᪉ࡀࡼࡾṇ☜࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ ᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡇࡢⅬࡘ࠸࡚⏦ᩍᤵࡣࡢࡼ࠺࠾⪃࠼࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡼࢁࡋࡃ࠾㢪࠸ࡋࡲࡍࠋ ⏦㸸 ࡸࡣࡾࠊ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࢆ㛗ᖺ◊✲ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ⬌ᘓ⳹ᩍᤵࡢᚚ㉁ၥ࡛ࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࠊ㉁ၥࡀ㗦ࡃࠊ 㠀ᖖ⪃࠼ࡉࡏࡽࢀࡿⅬࡀከ࠸ࡼ࠺ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋᚚ㉁ၥ࠶ࡾࡀ࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࣐࣮ࢳ࣭ࣥࢺࣟ࢘ࡀ ᖺᥦ㉳ࡋࡓࠊ࢚࣮ࣜࢺ࣭ࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢩࢸࠊḟ࣐ࢫ࣭ࢡࢭࢫࠊ ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ࣭ࣝࢡࢭࢫ࠸࠺ ✀㢮ࡢᴫᛕࡀከࡃ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ࣭ࣝࢡࢭࢫࡀ⾗㧗➼ᩍ⫱࡛࠶ࡿ⾲⌧ࡉࢀ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ♫⌧㇟ ࡋ࡚ࡢࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧ࣭ࣝࢡࢭࢫࢆఱูࡢྡ⛠࡛⾲⌧ࡍࡿ᪉ἲࡀ࡞࠸⪃࠼ࠊ⚾࡞ࡾࡢ⪃ ࠼ࢆ♧ࡋࡓᴫᛕࡀࠊ࣏ࢫࢺ࣭࣐ࢫࢸࢣ࣮ࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡍࠋ ࡇࡢ࣏ࢫࢺ࣭࣐ࢫࢸࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡀẁ㝵ูࡢࡼ࠺␗࡞ࡿ࠸࠺ෆᐜࠊᐇࡣࠊ࢚࣮ࣜ ࢺᩍ⫱ࠊ࣐ࢫࢸࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥᩍ⫱ࠊ࣏ࢫࢺ࣭࣐ࢫࢸࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥᩍ⫱ࡀࡢࡼ࠺␗࡞ࡿ ࡢ⪃࠼ࡲࡋ࡚ࠊⓙᵝᚚㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡓࡵ୍ࡘࠊS ୖẁࡢࢫࣛࢻฟࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ ♫⌧㇟ࡋ࡚ࡢ⾗ᩍ⫱ࢆࡶ࠺ᑡࡋ⡆༢⾲⌧ࡋࡓࡢࡀ࣏ࢫࢺ࣭࣐ࢫࢸࢣ࣮ࢩ࡛ࣙࣥ࠶ࡾࠊ ࡑࡢෆᐜࡀ࠺㐪࠺ࡢ࠸࠺Ⅼࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊS ୖẁࡢࢫࣛࢻࢆぢ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡅࢀࡤᛮ࠸ ࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࢀࢆぢࡲࡍࠊேබࡀㄡ࡞ࡢࠊࣂ࣮࢚ࣜࣗ࢜ࣜࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡣ࠺㐪࠺ࡢࠊࡑࡋ ࡚ࠊ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻࠊ࠼ࡤࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡀᏛၥࡢ⮬⏤ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊ࢚࣮ࣜࢺ࣭ࣘ ࢽࣂ࣮ࢩࢸ௦ࡢヰ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ ࠶ࡿேࠎࡣࢡ࢜ࣜࢸ࣭ࢩࣗࣛࣥࢫࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿኌ㧗ゝ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊࡑࢀࡣᐇࡣࠊᩍ ⫱◊✲ࡢ㛫ࡢ⤖ࡧࡁࡀ㔜どࡉࢀࡓ࣐ࢫ࣭ࣁ࢚ࢹࣗࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ௦ከࡃゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ ࡓࡇ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⌧ᅾࡣேࠎࡀࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡇࢆゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢゝ࠼ࡤࠊࢫࢳ࣮ࣗࢹࣥࢺ࣭ࢧ ࢸࢫࣇࢡࢩࣙࣥࡀ㔜せࡔゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽࠊᏛ⏕ࡢࣞ࣋ࣝࡀప࠸ࡢࠊᩍᤵࡢ◊✲ࡣࣞ࣋ࣝࡀୖࡀࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊ ࡢࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚Ꮫ⏕ࡢ┠ࡢ㧗ࡉྜࢃࡏࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ᭱㏆ࡢヰ㢟ࡣࠊࢫࢳ࣮ࣗࢹࣥࢺ࣭ ࢧࢸࢫࣇࢡࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡍࠋࢀࡔࡅᏛ‶㊊ࡍࡿࠊ≉ඛᚚぴ࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓࡼ࠺ࠊ ከ㢠ࡢᏛ㈝ࢆᡶࡗ࡚㏻ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊከࡃࡢᅜ࡛ࡣࠊᩍ⫱ࡢ⤒㈝ࡢࢇࢆᏛ⏕ࡀ㈇ᢸࡋࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊࠊࢫࢳ࣮ࣗࢹࣥࢺ࣭ࢧࢸࢫࣇࢡࢩࣙࣥࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࢩ࣮ࣗ࡞ࡗࡓ ヂ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ⚾࡞ࡾศ㢮ࡋ࡚ࠊᥦ♧ࢆࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊᜍࡽࡃ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁウㄽࡀ῝ ࡲࡿࠊࡶ࠺ᑡࡋࡇࡢ⾲ࡶ⢭ᐦ࡞ࡾࠊ㐍ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠊ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࠊᚚ㉁ၥឤㅰ ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࡢḟࠊ୰ᅜࡢሙྜࡣࠊ ᖺ๓࡛ࡶࠊ᫇ࡢ㧗ᰯࡢඛ⏕ࡋ࡚ኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸Ꮫࡢᩍဨࡀከ ࡃᩍ࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋᏛ⏕ࢆᣦᑟࡍࡿࡢࡣᏛ㝔⏕࡛ࠊࡑࢀࢆᣦᑟࡍࡿࡢࡣ༤ኈㄢ⛬ࡢᏛ⏕࡛ ࡍࡀࠊࡑࡢඛ⏕᪉ࡣࠊ༤ኈㄢ⛬ࡢᏛ⏕ࢆᣦᑟࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ㈨᱁ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸࡞ࡗࡓࡼ࠺グ᠈ࡋ ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡋࡋࠊ࡛ࡣከࡃࡢ᪉ࡓࡕࡀ᪥ᮏࡸ࣓ࣜ࢝࠸ࡗࡓᅜ࡛Ꮫࢆྲྀᚓࡉࢀࠊከ ࡃࡢ◊✲ࢆࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋࡇࢁ࡛ඛศ㢮ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡣࠊࡇࡢᅜࡢᨻ⟇ࢆᢳฟࡋࡓ ࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡶࠊಶࠎࡢᩍᤵࡀࡢࡼ࠺࡞⪃࠼ࢆ࠾ᣢࡕ࡛ࠊᐇ㝿ࢀࡔࡅࡢ㛫ⓗ࡞ᢞ㈨ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿࡢ࠸࠺Ⅼࡽᢳฟࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ࡛ࡍࡽࠊᨻᗓࡣ◊✲ࢆࡋࢁゝ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊᩍᤵࡢ᪉ ࡣゝ࠼ࡤࠊᐇ㝿ࡣ◊✲ࢆవࡾዲࢇ࡛࠸࡞࠸ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋࡋࡋࠊࡑࢀࡣ ᑡࡋ㐪࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㒊ศࡢᅜ࡛ࡣࠊⓙ◊✲ࢆ㔜どࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡋࡋࠊ◊✲ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ⎔ቃࠊࡑࡋ ࡚ಶேᑐࡍࡿ◊✲㈝ࡀ࠶ࡿᅜ࡛ࡣࡼࡾከࡃฟࡿࡢࠊ࠶ࡿᅜ࡛ࡣࢇฟ࡞࠸࠸࠺≧ἣ ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ୰༡⡿࡛ࡣࠊ◊✲㈝ࡀከࡃࡣฟࡲࡏࢇࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊࣇࣜ࢝࡞࡛ࡣᙜ↛ከ࠸ࡣ ࡎࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡲࡓࠊᏛၥⓗ࡞カ⦎⮬యࠊ◊✲ࢆࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢカ⦎ࢆ༑ศཷࡅࡽࢀ࡞࠸ሙྜ ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊࡑ࠺࡞ࡿࠊ◊✲ࡢࡓࡵࡢຊ㔞ࡶపୗࡋࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ሙྜࡣࠊ◊✲ᑐࡍࡿព ḧࡶపࡃ࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡣ࠶ࡿᅜࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒⮬య࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡶࠊඛ⏕᪉ࡀㄆ㆑ࡍࡿᩍ⫱◊✲ពḧࡢᗘ ྜ࠸ࠊᩍ⫱◊✲ᑐࡍࡿ㛫ⓗ࡞ᢞ㈨ࢆඖࡋ࡚ศ㢮ࡋࡓࡶࡢࢆࠊ࠾ヰࡋࡋࡼ࠺ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ୰ᅜࡶࠊᜍࡽࡃ࠾ᖺࢆྊࡋࡓ᪉ࡓࡕࡣࠊᩍ⫱ⓗࡍ࡚ࢳ࢙ࢵࢡࢆ࡞ࡉࡗࡓࡶࡢᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ㅮ₇ ᅜ㝿࠾ࡅࡿᏛࡢ♫ᆅ᪉ᑐࡍࡿᙺ ྎᮾᏛࡢࢆ୰ᚰ ᅜ❧ྎᮾᏛ ᱱ ᛅ 㖭 ᅜ㝿ࡀ㐍ࡴྎ‴ ᮏ᪥ࡣᮾᏛࡢࡇࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛཧຍࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࠊࡲࡓྎᮾᏛࡀ᥎㐍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᅜ㝿 ࡢᡂᯝࢆࡈ⤂ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࠊኚ࠺ࢀࡋࡃᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋᮏ᪥ࠊΎỈඛ⏕ࡸ㡑ᅜࡢ⏦ᩍᤵࡢ ࠾ヰࢆఛ࠸ࠊࡸࡣࡾᅜ㝿ࡣࡍ࡛㑊ࡅࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡔ࠸࠺ࡇẼ࡙ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋᐇ㝿ࠊ ྎᮾᏛࡢ❧ሙࡽゝ࠸ࡲࡍࠊඛ⏦ᩍᤵࡢ࠸ࡃࡘࡢศ㢮ἢࡗ࡚ゝ࠼ࡤࠊᅜ㝿ࡢ㐣 ⛬࡛ࡣᅜᅜࡢ➇தࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᅜෆࡢᏛ㛫࡛ࡢ➇த࠸࠺≧ἣࡶᚲ↛ⓗ⏕ࡲࢀ࡚࠾ ࡾࠊྎᮾᏛࡶᙜ↛ࡇࡢၥ㢟┤㠃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ ᮏ᪥ࡣࡁࡃศࡅ࡚ ࡘࡢⅬ㔜Ⅼࢆ⨨ࡁࠊᅜ㝿ࡢ୰࡛ᩍ⫱యࢆࡢࡼ࠺ᢅࡗ࡚࠸ࡃ ࡁࡘ࠸࡚࠾ヰࡋࡋࡲࡍࠋࡲࡎࡣྎᮾᏛࡘ࠸࡚⡆༢ࡈ⤂ࡋࡲࡍࠋྎᮾᏛࡣᅜ❧ Ꮫ࡛ࡍࡀࠊᨻᏛࡣ㠀ᖖࡁ࡞㐪࠸ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡕࡽࡶᅜ❧Ꮫ࡛ࡍࡀࠊᨻᏛ ࡀࢺࢵࣉࢡࣛࢫࡢᏛ࡛࠶ࡿࡢᑐࡋࠊྎᮾᏛࡣᆅ᪉ࡢ୍ᅜ❧Ꮫ࡛ࡍࠋ㔜せ࡞Ⅼࡢ୍ࡘࡣࠊ ඛࡶヰฟࡲࡋࡓࡼ࠺ࠊᏛࡣ◊✲ᆺᏛࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᩍ⫱ᆺᏛࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ◊✲ᩍ⫱ ࡢ᪉ຊࢆධࢀࡿᏛศࡅࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋᐇ㝿ྎ‴࡛ࡶࡣྠࡌ࡛ࠊᅜ ෆࠊᾏእࡶࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞༊ศࡀ࠶ࡿࠊᏛෆࡶ༊ศࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋᩍᖌࡢ୰࡛ࡶ◊✲ᆺࡢ ᩍᖌࡑࢀࡶᩍ⫱ᆺࡢᩍᖌࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࡕࡽࡶ࡛ࡁࡿ⬟ᩍᖌ࡞ࡢ࠸ࡗࡓලྜ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࠊࡲࡎ࠾ヰࡋࡓ࠸ࡢࡣࠊྎ‴࠾࠸࡚ᅜ㝿ࡣ㔜せ࡞ㄢ㢟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡛ࡣᅜࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃᡃࠎࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᆅ᪉ࠊ≉ྎ୰ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠊྎ‴ࡢ୰࡛ࡶࠕᒣࠖࠊ᪥ᮏㄒ࡛ゝ࠼ ࡤࠕ࠺ࡽࡸࡲࠖࡤࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞㠀ᖖ㎶㒥࡞ሙᡤ࡛ࡑࢀࢆ࠺ࡸࡗ࡚ᛂ⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡅࡤࡼ࠸࡛ ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᅜ㝿ࡢ㐣⛬࡛ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡀᅜࡢᨻ⟇࡞ࡗࡓሙྜࠊᏛࡢᅜ㝿࠾࠸࡚ࡑࢀࡣ㠀 ᖖ㔜せ࡞ᶵ⬟ࢆᣢࡘ⪃࠼ࡲࡍࠋᅜࡢᨻ⟇ࡣ↓ど࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡽ࡛ࡍࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊయࡢ୰࡛ ඛ㐍ᅜẚ㍑ࡋࡓሙྜࠊྎ‴ࡢᩍ⫱ࡢᅜ㝿ࡣᙜึࠊ㠀ᖖ❧ࡕ㐜ࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ⚾ࡀ᪥ᮏ ␃Ꮫࡋࡓࡢࡣ ᖺ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡕࡻ࠺୰᭮᰿ᗣᘯᨻᶒࡀᅜ㝿ࡢᚲせᛶࢆッ࠼࡚࠾ࡾࠊ⚾ࡣ᪥ ᮏࡢᅜ㝿᥎㐍ࡢὶࢀࡢ୰࡛␃Ꮫࡋࡓࠊ᭱ࡶᡂຌࡋࡓ␃Ꮫ⏕ࡢ୍ேゝ࠼ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ⚾ࡶ᪥ ᮏࡢ࠸ࢃࡺࡿᅜ㝿ࢆ⤒㦂ࡋࠊ⮬ศ⮬㌟ࠊ᪥ᮏࡢᅜ㝿᥎㐍࠾ࡅࡿ㠀ᖖᆺⓗ࡞ࠊⰋ࠸ࣔ ࢹࣝࢣ࣮ࢫ࡛࠶ࡿᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ᪥ᮏ␃Ꮫࡋ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏࡢᏛၥࠊไᗘࠊᛮࠊࡉ ࡽ᪥ᮏࡢࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞㠃ࢆྎ‴ᣢࡕᖐࡾࠊࡑࡢᚋྎ‴࡛άᛶࡉࡏࡓࡽ࡛ࡍࠋࡉࡽࡣ᪥ ᮏࡢከࡃࡢᩍ⫱ไᗘࢆᐇࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊࡑࢀࢆᮏᙜࡢព࡛᪥ᮏྎ‴ࡢᩥᩍ⫱࠾ࡅࡿᯫ ࡅᶫࡋ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋᩍ⫱ࡢᅜ㝿ࡣྎ‴࡛ࡍ࡛㠀ᖖࡁ࡞㔜Ⅼ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᡃࠎࡣ ୡ⏺Ꮫࡧࠊ᪥ᮏᏛࡪࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ⮬ศࡓࡕ࡛ࡶࡢࡼ࠺ࡍࡁࠊྎ‴యࡢᅜ㝿ࡢ 㐨ࡣఱࢆ⪃࠼࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ ᖺࡢࡇ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ⚾ࡣ ᖺ᮶᪥ࡋࠊ ᖺᖐᅜࡍࡿࡲ࡛᪥ᮏ ᖺ㏆ࡃᅾࡋ ࡲࡋࡓࠋᖐᅜ ᖺ┠ࡢ ᖺࠊᡃࠎྎ‴ࡢᏛࡣᏛᨻ⟇ⓑ᭩ࡢ୰࡛ࠊྎ‴ࡢᩍ⫱ࡢᅜ㝿ࡣ 㠀ᖖ㊊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᙉࡃッ࠼ࡣࡌࡵࡲࡋࡓࠋࡕࡻ࠺⚾ࡣ᪥ᮏࡀᅜ㝿ࢆጞࡵࡓ᭱ึࡢ␃Ꮫ ⏕ࡔࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࠊᅜ㝿㛵ࡋ࡚᪩ࡃࡽ῝ࡃㄆ㆑ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ ᖺ ᭶ ᪥ࠊᡃࠎ ࡣ⾜ᨻ㝔ᑐࡋࠊᩍ⫱ᨵ㠉ࡢㄪᩚ㆟ࢆ㛤ദࡍࡿࡼ࠺ᥦゝࢆ⾜࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋᩍ⫱ᨵ㠉ㄪᩚ㆟࡛ ࡣ࣐ࢡࣟⓗ࡞㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢィ⏬ࡢࠊྎ‴ࡢᏛࡀࡢࡼ࠺➇தࡼࡗ࡚እᅜே␃Ꮫ⏕ࢆ⋓ ᚓࡍࡁ࠸࠺ᡓ␎ࡶᡴࡕฟࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ ᖺࠊ⾜ᨻ㝔㝔㛗ࡀ⮬ࡽࠊእᅜே␃Ꮫ⏕ࡢྎ‴ ࡢ␃Ꮫࢆࡢࡼ࠺ᣑࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡣᅜࡢⓎᒎ࠾ࡅࡿ㔜Ⅼࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ᫂ゝࡋࠊᏛࡢᅜ 㝿ࠊࡦ࠸࡚ࡣ୰Ꮫ㧗ᰯࡲ࡛ࢆࡍ࡚ᅜࡢⓎᒎ㔜Ⅼィ⏬ධࢀࡿࡇࢆᣦ♧ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢࡓ ࡵ ᖺࡣᏛࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊᑠᏛᰯ࣭୰Ꮫ࣭㧗ᰯࡢᅜ㝿ᩍ⫱ࡢྜࡶබ⾲ࡉࢀࠊࡇࡢࡇ࡛ ᑠ୰Ꮫᰯ࣭㧗ᰯࡶᅜ㝿ࢆ㐍ࡵࠊࡑࢀࢆᛂ⏝ࡋⓎᒎࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࡀࡼࡾ᫂☜ᣦ♧ࡉࢀ ࡲࡋࡓࠋ࠸ࢃࡺࡿࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝࡣࡍ࡛㑅ᢥ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃᐇࠊ⌧ᐇ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᡃࠎࡣࡑࢀྥࡁྜ ࠸ࠊ㐠⏝ࡋ࡚࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇ㸦ࢫࣛࢻ 㸧ࠋ ࢡ࣮ࣟࣂࣝࡢ୰࡛ᚋྎ‴యࡢⓎᒎ┤᥋ࢃࡿࡢࡣᡃࠎᩍ⫱⌧ሙ࡛ࡍࠋᏛࡔࡅ࡛ ࡞ࡃࠊᑠ୰Ꮫᰯ࣭㧗ᰯࢆྵࡵࡓᩍ⫱⏺యࡀᑐᛂࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ୡ⣖࠾ࡅ ࡿࡑࡢ㐠⏝࡛ࡣࠊྎ‴ࡢࡍ࡚ࡢᅜẸࡀᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ど㔝ࡸᅜ㝿ឤぬࢆᣢࡘࡼ࠺ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ ࡉࡽࡣᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞➇தຊࢆᣢࡘࠊḟࡢୡ௦ࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿࡇࡀࡼࡾ㔜せ࡛ࡍࠋ࡛ࡣࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⪃ ࠼᪉ࡢࡶ࡛ࠊᏛᰯᩍ⫱ࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣ࠺࠶ࡿࡁ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ≉ẚ㍑ⓗൢᆅ࠶ࡿᏛᰯࡢ ሙྜ࡛ࡍࠋᏛᰯᩍ⫱ࡢ୰࡛ࠊ≉ᆅ᪉ࡢᑠ୰Ꮫᰯ࣭㧗ᰯ࡛ࡣ࠸ࢃࡺࡿᅜ㝿ゐࢀࡿᶵࡣᑡ ࡞ࡃࠊከࡃࡢእᅜே᥋ࡍࡿࡇࡶ࡛ࡁࡲࡏࢇࠋ࡛ࡣࠊᡃࠎᏛࡀᙼࡽࢆᅜ㝿ࡢ୍➃ゐࢀ ࡉࡏࠊྛᅜࡢᩥࢆ⌮ゎࡋࠊᑛ㔜ࡋࠊཷࡅධࢀࡿࡇࢆᏛࡤࡏࡿࡓࡵࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞༠ຊࡀ࡛ ࡁࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡇࢀࡣᏛࡀⓎࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ᙺ࡛ࡍࠋᨻᗓࡢᩍ⫱㒊ࡶ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢ ㍺ฟࢆᥦゝࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᡃࠎࡣேᮦࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊࡘࡲࡾࠊඛΎỈඛ⏕ࡶ࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡗࡓࡼ࠺ ࠊᅜ㝿ࡢ୰࡛ࡣࠊᡃࠎࡀᕼᮃࡍࡿࡼ࠺ඃ⚽࡞ேᮦࢆᾏእࡽ⋓ᚓࡍࡿࡇࡶྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ ୍᪉ࠊேᮦࡀὶฟࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶ࠶ࡾࠊࡇࢀࡣࡍ࡛ᐇ࡛࠶ࡾ⌧ᐇ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋྎ‴ࡢே ᮦࡀ㔜⏝ࡉࢀࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊᡃࠎࡶᾏእࡢேᮦࢆ㔜⏝ࡋ࡚࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞≧ ἣୗ࡛ࠊୡ⏺ྛᅜࡢ␃Ꮫ⏕ࡢࡓࡵྎ‴ࡣࡢࡼ࠺ዲⓗ࡞␃Ꮫ⎔ቃࠊᏛ⩦⎔ቃࢆᩚ࠼࡚࠸ ࡅࡤࡼ࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡲࡓࠊྎ‴ࡢ࣐࣮ࢣࢸࣥࢢࢆ⾜࠺ሙྜࠊྎ‴ࡢ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡣࡇ࡛ࡋࡻ ࠺ࠋ ᖺᡃࠎࡣࠊඃ⚽࡞␃Ꮫ⏕࡞ࡽ㐺ษ㔜⏝ࡍࡁࡢᕼᮃࢆᥦฟࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ␃Ꮫ⏕ ࢆ㔜⏝ࡍࡿࡇࡣḢ⡿࡛ࡣᬑ㏻࡛࠶ࡾࠊ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡶ࠾ࡑࡽࡃࡑ࠺࡛ࡍࡀࠊྎ‴࡛ࡣጞࡲࡗࡓࡤ ࡾ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡼࡾ୍ᒙ⪃៖ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢࡓࡵࠊᏛᰯࡸᴗࡣ␃Ꮫ⏕ࢆᐇ⩦ࡉ ࡏࡓࡾࠊᴗົཧຍࡉࡏࠊࡉࡽࡣ㔜⏝ࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿࡇࢆዡບࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᅜ❧ྎᮾᏛࡢᴫἣ ࡇࡇ࡛ྎᮾᏛࡢᴫἣࢆ࠾ヰࡋࡋࡲࡍࠊྎᮾᏛࡣྎ‴ࡢኴᖹὒഃ⨨ࡋࡲࡍ㸦ࢫࣛ ࢻ 㸧ࠋྎ‴ࡢ୰ኸࡣ୰ኸᒣ⬦ࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊྎᮾࡽྎࡲ࡛᭱ࡶ᪩࠸Ỷ㌴࡛ 㛫༙ࡾ ࡲࡍࠋ㣕⾜ᶵ࡛ྎ⾜ࡃୗᡭࢆࡍࡿ ࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡇࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ྎ‴ࡣ㠀 ᖖ౽࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢྎ‴࡛᭱ࡶ౽࡞ሙᡤ࠶ࡿᏛࡀྎᮾᏛ࡛ࡍࠋྎᮾࡣ⚾❧Ꮫࡶ⚾ ❧㧗ᰯࡶ࡞ࡃࠊྎᮾᏛ ᰯࡋ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊࡑࡢ⨨࡙ࡅࡣ㠀ᖖ≉ู࡛ࡍࠋྎᮾᏛࡢ๓㌟ ࡣྎᮾᖌ⠊Ꮫ㝔࡛࠶ࡾࠊᮏᏛࡣᑠᏛᰯᩍㅍࠊ㣴ㆤᩍㅍࠊᗂ⛶ᅬᩍㅍࢆᑓ㛛ⓗ⫱ᡂࡋ࡚ࡁࡲࡋ ࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊ ᖺᮏᏛࡣᅜ㝿ᑐᛂࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊᖌ⠊Ꮫ㝔ࡽྎᮾᏛ᪼᱁ࡋࠊᖌ⠊Ꮫ 㝔ࢆேᩥᏛ㝔ࠊ⌮ᕤᏛ㝔ࠊᖌ⠊Ꮫ㝔ࡢ Ꮫ㝔⦅ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓᆅ᪉ࡢ㟂せᛂ࠼ࡿࡃࠊ ᆅ᪉ࢆⓎᒎࡉࡏࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞Ꮫ㒊ࢆྛᏛ㝔ෆከࡃタ⨨ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⌧ᅾࡣᏛ㒊⏕ ࡀ ྡࠊࡉࡽᏛ㝔⏕ࡀ ྡ࠾ࡾࠊᏛ࡛⣙ ྡࡢつᶍ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓᖺࠊ Ꮫ㝔ࡀࡍ࡚ᪧ࢟ࣕࣥࣃࢫࡽ᪂࢟ࣕࣥࣃࢫ⛣㌿ࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊᅜ㝿ឤぬࡶ࣐ࢵࢳࡋࠊࡲ ࡓ⎔ቃࡶ㠀ᖖඃࡋ࠸Ꮫ࡞ࡿணᐃ࡛ࡍࠋ㟁⥺ࡶぢ࠼࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡚ࠊỈࡶࡍ ࡚㠀ᖖࢡ࣮࡛ࣜࣥࡍࠋᘓ≀ࡶࡍ࡚⎔ቃᆺࡢᘓ⠏࡛࠶ࡾࠊᅜࡢ㈹ࡶ࠸ࡓࡔ࠸࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ྎ‴ࡣ⌧ᅾ᪂つタ❧ࡢᏛࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋྎᮾᏛࡣ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡋࡓࡼ࠺ྎ‴࡛၏୍ࠊ ᗂ⛶ᅬࠊᑠᏛᰯࠊ୰Ꮫ㧗ᰯࠊ㣴ㆤᏛᰯࢆ᭷ࡍࡿᏛᰯ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ㣴ㆤᏛᰯࡣᖺ୍⥴ᡂࡋࡓࡶ ࡢ࡛ࠊ⌧ᅾࡢࡇࢁྎ‴࡛၏୍ࡢࠊࡍ࡚ࡢ✀㢮ࡢᏛᰯࢆ᭷ࡍࡿᏛ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ྎᮾᏛࡘ࠸࡚᭱ࡶ㔜せ࡞Ⅼ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ ᖺ⌧ᅾࠊ ᅜࡢ㛫࡛Ꮫ⾡ὶࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ⏣⯋ࡢᏛᰯ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑࢀ࡛ࡶ ᅜ࠸࠺ࡢࡣከ࠸ࡣゝ࠼࡞࠸ᩘᏐ࡛ࡍࠋ࡞ࡐ ᰯࡔࡅ ゝ࠸ࡲࡍࠊᮏᏛࡢ⬟ຊࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࠊ࣓࣮ࢪ࡙ࡃࡾ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢ⬟ຊぢྜࡗ ࡓつᶍ࡛⾜࠾࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀ࡞⌮⏤࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡢࠊ୰ᅜᮏᅵࡢ ᩘᰯࡶᏛ⾡ὶࡀ ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ᖺࡽ ᖺࡲ࡛ࡢⅬ࡛ࠊ୰ᅜࡢὶᰯࡣ࠾ࡼࡑ ᰯ࡛ࡍࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊྛ ᅜࡢὶࡢ୰࡛⌧≧᭱ࡶᐇ㉁ⓗ࡞ࡢࡀ᪥ᮏࡢὶ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡇࡇ࡛᭱ึࡢ⾲ࢆࡈཧ↷ࡃࡔࡉ࠸㸦ࢫࣛࢻ 㸧ࠋ⡿ᅜࡢࠊ᪥ᮏࠊ㡑ᅜࠊࢠࣜࢫࠊ ࣥࢻࢿࢩࠊࢺࣝࢥࠊ㡑ᅜࠊ࣐࣮ࣞࢩ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊࡇࡢ࠺ࡕᮾᏛྠᵝࡢὶࢆ⾜ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᏛᰯࡣᐇࡣᩘᰯ࡛ࡍࠋࡓ࠼ࡤ⚾ࡀᖐᅜࡍࡿ๓ࠊ๓㝔㛗ࢆබᘧᣍ࠸୍࡚⥴ࣟࣥ ࢻࣥᏛࢆゼၥࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋྎᮾᏛࡶࣟࣥࢻࣥᏛᏛ⾡ὶࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡲࡓࡢ ࠸ࡃࡘࡢᾏእࡢᏛࡶὶࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࡊࡗぢࡓࡇࢁࡶᮾᏛᩍ⫱Ꮫ㒊ඹ㏻ࡢ ὶඛࡀ࠸ࡃࡘ࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡛ࡍࠋࡲࡓ୰⳹ேẸඹᅜࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ୰ᅜࡢ ᰯࡢ୰࡛ࡣࠊ℘㝧ᖌ⠊ Ꮫிᖌ⠊Ꮫࡶඹ㏻ࡢὶᰯᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ⥆࠸࡚ࠊ ␒┠⚾ࡀ࠾ヰࡋࡋࡓ࠸ࡢࡣࠊྎᮾᏛࡢ♫Ⓨᒎᑐࡍࡿᶵ⬟ࡘ࠸࡚࡛ࡍࠋ ᡃࠎࡢᆅᇦ࠶ࡿࡍ࡚ࡢᏛᰯࡀࠊྎᮾᏛࡢࡑࢀࡽࡢᏛᰯᑐࡍࡿ༠ຊὀ┠ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᆅ᪉ࡢᑠ୰Ꮫᰯ࣭㧗ᰯࡣᮏᙜຊࡀ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋᆅ᪉ᨻᗓࡶࡲࡓᡃࠎࡢ༠ຊࢆᮇᚅࡋ࡚࠸ࡲ ࡍࠋᡃࠎࡢேᮦࡣᆅ᪉බົဨࡼࡾࡣࡿඃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡽ࡛ࡍࠋྎᮾ⾜ࢀࡓࡇࡢ࠶ࡿ᪉ ࡣ࠾Ẽ࡙ࡁᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ⌧ᅾࠊྎᮾࡢࡍ࡚ࡢᏛᰯࡸᨻᗓෆࡢࡍ࡚ࡢ㔜せ⫋ဨࡣࡑࡢከ ࡃࡀྎᮾᏛࡢᏛ⏕࡛ࡍࠋྎᮾᏛࡢᏛ⏕ࡣ࠺࠸࠺ࡇゝ࠸ࡲࡍࠊᡃࠎࡢ◊✲ᡤࡀ ၏୍ࡢ◊✲ᡤ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡇ࡛◊ಟࢆཷࡅࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊࡳ࡞ྎᮾᏛࡢ༞ᴗ⏕࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ ࡍࠋ≉እᅜㄒ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ㡑ᅜㄒࡸࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢㄒᏛ◊ಟࢆ 㛤ㅮ࡛ࡁࡿ⬟ຊࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࡣᏛࡔࡅ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵᡃࠎࡣࡍࡄእᅜㄒࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࢆタ❧ࡋࡲࡋ ࡓࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇእᅜㄒࢆᏛࢇࡔᚋࡣࡢ⛬ᗘࡲ࡛฿㐩ࡋࡓࢆぢࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊእᅜㄒ ᳨ᐃࡶᏛ࡛ཷ㦂ࡍࡿࡇࢆᚲ㡲ࡋࡓ࠸⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡲࡓࠊᅜ㝿㛵㐃ࡋࡓ㠀ᖖከᙬ࡞ᩍ⫱࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࠊࡓ࠼ࡤ␗ᩥࠊ᪥ᮏᩥࠊ㡑ᅜ ᩥࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫᩥ࡞ࡢࢥ࣮ࢫࢆ㛤タࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡶࡕࢁࢇ␃Ꮫ⤒㦂⪅ࡸࠊ⌧ᆅᅾఫࡢ㡑ᅜேࠊ ᪥ᮏே౫㢗ࡋ࡚ࠊ⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢᡭຓࡅࢆ࠾㢪࠸ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡋࡋᡃࠎࡣ୍ࡘࡢࣉࣛ ࢵࢺࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࡋ࡚ࠊᆅ᪉ࡢᅜ㝿⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵ࡚࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋᙜ↛ࠊᆅ᪉ࡢᑠ୰ Ꮫᰯ࣭㧗ᰯࠊᗂ⛶ᅬࡀᾏእࡢᑠᏛᰯࠊᗂ⛶ᅬࠊ୰Ꮫ㧗ᰯࠊࡉࡽࡣࡑࡢࡢᏛᰯὶࡍࡿࡓ ࡵࡢᡭຓࡅࡶᚲせ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑࢀࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋඛゝ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࡼ࠺ࠊྎ‴࡛᪥ᮏࡢ ࡇࢆ㠀ᖖࡼࡃ⌮ゎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᏛ⪅ࡣᐇࡣከࡃ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡑࢀࡣⓙࡉࢇࡼࡃࡈᏑࡌᛮ࠸ ࡲࡍࠋ ⚾ࡀྎ‴࡛▷ᮇ㛫ࡢ㛫ྎ‴ࡢᏛ⪅ࡓࡕࡼࡃ▱ࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡣࠊ⚾ࡀᩘᑡ࡞࠸ࠊ ᪥ᮏࢆࡼࡃ▱ࡿᏛ⪅ࡢ୍ேࡔࡗࡓࡇࡀ࡞⌮⏤࡛ࡍࠋぬ࠼࡚࠸ࡽࡗࡋࡷࡿᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ ࡢ㟈⅏ࡢࡁࠊ⚾ࡣྎ‴ࡢ㠀ᖖඃ⚽࡞Ꮫ⪅ࢆ ᩘྡ㐃ࢀ࡚ࡸࡗ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡘࡲࡾࡑࢀࡽ ࡲࡽࡎࠊྎ‴ࡢ➃ࡢᆅᇦ࠸ࡿᡃࠎࡶࠊ࠶ࡿ≉ᐃࡢᅜࡢ≉ᐃࡢ㒊ศࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿᡭຓࡅࡀ ࡛ࡁࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇ⚾ࡀᢸᙜࡍࡿ㒊ศࡣ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡍࠋ࡛ࡣࡑࢀ௨እᡃࠎࡣᆅ᪉ࡢ ᅜ㝿ࢆࡢࡼ࠺ᐤࡍࢀࡤࡼ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡓ࠼ࡤࠊᆅ᪉ᨻᗓࡣ⏣⯋࡞ࢀࡤ࡞ࡿ ಖᏲⓗ࡛ࡍࠋ࠶ࡿࡁࠊྎᮾᆅ᪉ᨻᗓࡀ࠶ࡿᅜࡽࡢ᮶㈱ࢆ࠾㏄࠼ࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ㏻ヂ⪅ࡀࠊ ࡵࡕࡷࡃࡕࡷ࡞㏻ヂ࡛ࠊࡶࡶ㠀ᖖዲⓗ࡞㞺ᅖẼࡔࡗࡓࡢࡀ႖ვᑍ๓࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓ ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣᆅ᪉ᨻᗓࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓேᮦࡀ࠸࡞࠸ࡽ࡛ࡍࠋᚋࡣࡁࡕࢇࡋࡓࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ㧗 ࠸㏻ヂேᮦࢆ㞠࠺ࡁ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑ࠺ࡍࢀࡤࡇࢇ࡞ከࡃࡢၥ㢟ࡀ㉳ࡇࡿࡇࡣ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡋࡓࠋࡶࡶၥ㢟ࡀ࡞ࡗࡓࡢࠊヂࡏࡤヂࡍ࠾ࡋࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋᆅ᪉ ࡢᅜ㝿ࡣேᮦࡢ⫱ᡂ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊࡇࢀࡣࡲࡓᆅ᪉ࡢᏛࡶ㔜どࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸㒊ศࡔ ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᆅᇦ᰿ᕪࡍᏛ ࡛ࡣᡃࠎྎᮾᏛࡀᆅ᪉ࡢ♫Ⓨᒎࡢࡼ࠺ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࢆ⡆༢࠾ヰࡋࡲࡍࠋྎ ᮾᏛࡣᏛࡢつᶍࡣᑠࡉ࠸࡛ࡍࡀࠊᅜ㝿ὶࡢᴗົࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࢆ᭷ࡋࠊ௵ ྡࢫࢱࢵࣇ ྡ࡛ᅜ㝿㛵ಀࡢᴗົࢆᑓ㛛ᢸᙜࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋඛࡶ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡓ㏻ࡾࠊྎᮾᏛࡣྎᮾᆅ༊ ࡢㄒᏛᩍ⫱ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢᙺࢆᢸࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊࡶࡕࢁࢇࡑࢀࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊᾏእᑐࡍࡿ୰ᅜㄒ ᩍ⫱ࡢ༠ຊࡶ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡓ࠼ࡤᮾᏛࡀ୰ᅜㄒᩍᖌࢆᚲせࡍࡿሙྜࠊᏛ⾡༠ᐃᇶ ࡙࠸࡚ྎᮾᏛࡽ↓ൾ࡛ᩍᖌࢆὴ㐵ࡋࡲࡍࠋࡓࡔࡋ⏦ࡋヂ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡀఫᒃࡣᥦ౪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ ࡔࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋࡇࢀࡣ㡑ᅜ࡛ࡣࡍ࡛ᐇࡋ࡚࠸࡚ࠊ㡑ᅜᑐࡋ࡚ࡣẖᖺ୰ ᅜㄒᩍᖌࡢὴ㐵ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᮏᏛࡣ୰ᅜㄒᏛ⛉ࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵ࡛ࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊྎᮾᏛࡀࡢ ྎ‴ࡢᏛ㐪࠺ⅬࡣࠊᮏᏛࡣ♫ேࡢࡓࡵࡢ◊✲ᡤࡀ࠶ࡿⅬ࡛ࡍࠋ♫ேࡔࡅࢆᑐ㇟ࡋ ࡓಟኈㄢ⛬ࡢࢥ࣮ࢫ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑࡢேᩘࡀẖᖺ ྡ㠀ᖖከ࠸࡛ࡍࠋᮾᏛᩍ⫱Ꮫ㒊 ࡀẖᖺᩘே࡞ࡢᑐࡋ ྡ࠸࠺ᩘ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑࢀ࡛࠾Ẽ࡙ࡁࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊྎᮾ Ꮫࡣ ᖺ ᪥ఇࡳ࡞ࡋ࡛ࡍࠋኟఇࡳࡶఇࡳࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊඛ᪥ࡢఇࡳࡢᮇ㛫ࡶ♫Ꮫࢥ ࣮ࢫࡢᩘ༑ྡࡀᾏእ◊ಟฟࡅࡲࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓᡃࠎࡢᅜ㝿ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡶ㐲㝸ᤵᴗࡢཧຍࡀྍ⬟ ࡛ࡍࠋࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓᢏ⾡ࡀᥦ౪ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⏦ඛ⏕ࡣࡈぴ࡞ࡗࡓᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ⚾ࡣ᮶᪥ᚋ ࡶࣅࢹ࢜㏻ಙᶵჾࢆࡗ࡚ྎ‴ࡽࡢᏛ⾡㛵ಀࡢၥ࠸ྜࢃࡏ⟅࠼ࡓࡾࠊᑂᰝ㆟ฟᖍࡋࡓ ࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᾏእどᐹࡢィ⏬ࡸᅜ㝿㆟ࡢඹྠ㛤ദࢆ⾜࠺ሙྜ࡞ࡶࡶࡕࢁࢇࡇࢀࡽࡢ㈨ ※ࢆ࠺ࡇࡀྍ⬟࡛ࡍࠋࡲࡓᡃࠎࡣ༠ຊᰯࡢ㛫࡛ࠊ ᅜ㛫ࡢඹྠㄪᰝࢆ㠀ᖖ✚ᴟⓗ᥎ 㐍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢᡂᯝࡣᮾᏛࡣࡲࡔ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊࡸࡣࡾᮾ࠶ࡿྎᏛࡣᩘ ᖺ㐃⥆࡛ࠊ᪉ࡢᑠᏛᰯࡢᏛຊ㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡣୡ⏺ⓗ࡞ 66&, ࢪ࣮ࣕ ࢼࣝࡶᥖ㍕ࡉࢀࡓ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡲࡓࠊྎᮾᏛࡣ㠀ᖖࡍࡤࡽࡋ࠸ࡇࢁ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㔝⌫ࠊ࣮ࢳ࢙࣮ࣜࠊᰂ㐨ࠊࢸࢥࣥࢻ࣮ ࡞ࡢࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢศ㔝࡛ࠊ୰Ꮫ㧗ᰯࡣྎ‴᭱ᙉࢆࡾࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓᅜ㝿Ꮫ⾡ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࡢඹྠ 㛤ദࡶ⾜ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ᭱㏆࡛ゝ࠼ࡤኳ⌮Ꮫࡢ㛫࡛ࠊྎ‴ࡢཎఫẸ᪘㡢ᴦᩥᅜ㝿Ꮫ⾡㛵 ࡍࡿᗙㄯࢆ㛤ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢᗙㄯࡣ㠀ᖖ㔜せ࡞ព⩏ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀ㛵ࡍࡿᗙㄯ ࡣ᪥ᮏ࡛ึࡵ࡚㛤ࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࠊ᪥ᮏ࡛ゝ࠼ࡤ㛶⣭ᙜࡓࡿࠊྎ‴ࡢẸ᪘ᨭጤဨࡢጤ ဨࡶ⮬ࡽฟᖍࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࡉࡽ␃Ꮫไᗘࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋᐇࡣᡃࠎࡣ ᖺ๓ࡽࡍ࡛ 'RXEOH'HJUHH ࢆᐇࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡶ࠺༞ᴗ⏕ࡶฟ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ'RXEOH'HJUHH ࡣ⌧ᅾྎᏛ࡛ά Ⓨ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᡃࠎࡣ♫ேࡢᏛࡢ⌧ᙺᩍᖌࢆ㠀ᖖ㔜どࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊඛ᪥ࡇࡕࡽ㐃ࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡢࡣᩘᖺ㛫 ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑࡢࠊᨻᗓࡀᥦၐࡋࡓࡰࡑࡢᖺࡽẖᖺࠊᡃࠎࡢ⌧ᙺᩍᖌࢆୡ⏺ྛᆅ⾜ࡏ ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋୡ⏺ྛᆅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ⡿ᅜࠊࢩ࣏࣮ࣥ࢞ࣝࠊ᪥ᮏࠊ୰ᅜ࠸ࡗࡓࡇࢁὴ㐵ࡋࡲࡍࠋ ࡲࡓࠊྎᮾᏛ⊂⮬ࡢዡບᥐ⨨ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋᡃࠎࡣ≉Ṧ࡞ᑓᒓᶵ㛵࡞ࡢ࡛ࠊ㛵ಀἲつࡶ⮬ࡽ Ỵࡵࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋࡓ࠼ࡤᩍᖌࡢᾏእ◊ಟࡢつᐃࡀ࠶ࡿࡼ࠺ࠊᏛ⏕ᑐࡋ࡚ࡶຓࡀ ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋᡃࠎࡀຓࢆཷࡅࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊእᅜேᏛ⏕ᑐࡋ࡚ࡶࡶࡕࢁࢇຓࢆ⾜࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡓ࠼ࡤᮾᏛࡢᏛ⏕ࡀᮏᏛ᮶ࡓሙྜࠊ ᭶࠶ࡓࡾ⣙ ྎ‴ࢻ࡛ࣝࠊࡶࡕࢁࢇᏛ㈝ࡣ ↓ᩱ࡛ࡍࠋᾏእࠊᅜෆࡢࡕࡽᑐࡋ࡚ࡶᮏᏛࡣᇶᮏⓗᩚࡗࡓไᗘࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡓࡔࠊ ᪥ᮏேᏛ⏕ࡣࡁ࡞ၥ㢟┤㠃ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ᪥ᮏࡢᏛ⏕ࡣᾏእ࡛⏕άࡍࡿຬ ẼḞࡅ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡣ㛗ᖺᦠࢃࡗ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊྎ‴ࡢᏛ⏕ࡣ㠀ᖖ✚ᴟⓗ࡞ࡢᑐࡋࠊ᪥ ᮏࡢᏛ⏕ࡣᗘ⬚ࡀ㊊ࡾ࡞࠸ឤࡌࡲࡍࠋ௨ୖࡀࠊྎᮾᏛࡢ᭱㏆ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡢ⤂࡛࠶ࡾࠊཧ ⪃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡅࡓࡽᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛཧຍ࡛ࡁࠊⓙᵝὶ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࡇࢆ࠺ ࢀࡋࡃᛮࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࠶ࡾࡀ࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ㅮ₇ ୰ᅜ࠾ࡅࡿ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᨵ㠉ࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞ືྥ ༡ிᖌ⠊Ꮫ ⬌ ᘓ ⳹ ୰ᅜࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᨵ㠉ࡢ⫼ᬒ ⚾ࡣᮏ᪥ࠊ୰ᅜࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᨵ㠉ࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞ືྥࡘ࠸࡚ࠊⓙࡉࡲ᪉ࡈሗ࿌ࡋࡼ࠺ᛮࡗ࡚࠾ ࡾࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡣᮏ᪥ࠊࡘࡢ㠃ࡘ࠸࡚࠾ヰࡋࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࠋࡲࡎ୍ࡘ┠ࡣࠊ୰ᅜࡢ 㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᨵ㠉ࡢ⫼ᬒࡘ࠸࡚࠾ヰࡋ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋḟࡘ┠ࡣࠊ୰ᅜࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᨵ㠉࠾ࡅࡿ ࠸ࡃࡘࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞ືྥࡘ࠸࡚࠾ヰࡋ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋࠊᅜయࡢ࣐ࢡࣟ࡞どⅬࡽ࠾ヰࡋࡋ ࡼ࠺ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࡛ࡣࠊࡇࡢᨵ㠉ࡢ⫼ᬒ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ㛫ࡀ㝈ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊ࠸ࡃࡘ ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡽ⡆༢ࡈㄝ᫂࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ ࡉ࡚ࠊⓙࡉࡲ᪉ࡶࡈᏑ▱ࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ ᖺ௦௨㝆ࠊ୰ᅜࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢኚࡣ㠀ᖖᛴ㏿࡛ࠊ ከࡃࡢኚࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢኚࡢ୰࡛᭱ࡶὀ┠ࡍࡁࡇࡣࠊ➨୍㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢ㔞ⓗ ᣑ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣ࠸ࡃࡘࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡽㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ࠼ࡤࠊ ᖺᗘࡢ⤫ィ࡛ ࡍࠋ⌧Ⅼ࡛ࠊᅜࡣ ᖺᗘࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢ⤫ィࢹ࣮ࢱࢆࡲࡔฟࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊࡇࢀࡀ᭱᪂ࡢ ࢹ࣮ࢱ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࡛ࡣࠊࡇࡢ ᖺᗘࡢ⤫ィࡽุ᩿ࡋ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᏛ▷ᮇᏛࠊ ࠸ࡗ࡚ࡶᐇࡣ୰ᅜࡣ▷ᮇᏛ࠸࠺ゝⴥࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ୰ᅜ࡛ࡣ㧗➼ᑓ⛉Ꮫᰯࠊ㧗➼⫋ᴗᢏ⾡ Ꮫ㝔ࡤࢀࡿࡶࡢࡀ᪥ᮏࡢ▷ᮇᏛ┦ᙜࡋࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢࡘࠊᏛ▷ᮇᏛࡢᏛᰯᩘࡣ ࠊ ⟠ᡤ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋᏛ▷ᮇᏛࡢᅾᏛ⏕ᩘࡣ᪤ ேࠊ༞ᴗ⏕ࡣ ே 㐩ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋಟኈㄢ⛬ࡢᅾᏛ⏕ᩘࡣ ே࡛ࠊ༤ኈㄢ⛬ࡢᅾᏛ⏕ᩘࡣ ே࡛ࡍࠋಟኈࡢ Ꮫ࡛ࡍࠊ ᖺࡢ ᖺ㛫࡛ಟኈࡢᏛࢆྲྀᚓࡋࡓࡢࡣ⣙ ேࠊ༤ኈࡢᏛࢆྲྀᚓࡋࡓ ࡢࡣ ேᙉࡶ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ⪺ࡃࡇࢁ࡛ࡣࠊ⌧ᅾࠊ୰ᅜࡢࡇࡢ ே࠸࠺༤ኈࡢᏛᩘࡣࠊ ᪤⡿ᅜࢆୖᅇࡗࡓ࠸࠺ヰ࡛ࡍࠋࡶࡋࡍࡿ୰ᅜࡣࠊୡ⏺࡛༤ኈᏛࡢᤵࡀ᭱ࡶከ࠸ᅜ ࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋࡋࡋࠊࡇࢀࡣⰋ࠸ࡣ㝈ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ ඛࡢ ᖺࡢ≧ἣ࡛ࡍࡀࠊⓎᒎ࠸࠺どⅬࡽࡣࠊ୰ᅜࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱࠾ࡅࡿᛴ㏿࡞㔞ⓗ ቑຍࡀࡼࡃ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢᅗࢆぢࢀࡤࠊࡣࡗࡁࡾศࡾࡲࡍ㸦ࢫࣛࢻ 㸧ࠋ ࢩࣥࣉࣝ࡞ᅗ࡛ࡍࠋ ᖺࡽ ᖺࡲ࡛ࡢᏛ▷ࡢᏛ⏕ເ㞟ேᩘࡀࠊ㠀ᖖࡣࡗࡁࡾ ศࡾࡲࡍࠋ ᖺࡽ ᖺࡲ࡛ࡢ᭤⥺ࡣࠊẚ㍑ⓗ⦆ࡸ࡛࠶ࡲࡾቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡏࢇࠋ ᖺࡣ ேࠊ ᖺࡣ ே࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊ ᖺ࡞ࡿࠊࡇࡢᩘࡢ᭤⥺ࡀ㠀ᖖ ࡁࡃቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀࡣࡗࡁࡾศࡾࡲࡍࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ ᖺࡽ ᖺࡢ ᖺ㛫ࠊࡇ ࡢ ᖺࡢ㛫ࡢᏛ⏕ເ㞟ேᩘࠊᏛ▷ࡢᏛ⏕ເ㞟ேᩘࡣࠊᐇ㝿ࡣ ಸቑ࠼ࡓࡔࡅ࡛ ࡋࡓࡀࠊ ᖺࡽ ᖺࡲ࡛ࡢ ᖺవࡾࡢ㛫ࠊᏛ⏕ເ㞟ேᩘࡀ ಸቑຍࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡛ࡍࡽࠊ ᖺ௨㝆ࡢቑຍࡀ㠀ᖖᛴ㏿ࡔࡗࡓࡇࡀศࡾࡲࡍࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊᏛ⏕ເ㞟 ேᩘࡀቑ࠼ࢀࡤᅾᏛ⏕ᩘࡶᚲ↛ⓗቑ࠼ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊྠࡌࡃࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞᭤⥺࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ᖺ ࡣࠊࡇࡢᏛࡢᅾᏛ⏕ᩘࡣࢃࡎ ே࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡓࡗࡓࡢ ே࡛ࡍࠋࡑࢀ࡞ࡢ ᖺ ࡣ ே࡞ࡾࠊ ᖺ࡞ࡿ ேࡲ࡛㐩ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢቑຍࡶ㠀ᖖᛴ㏿࡛ࡍࠋ 㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢධᏛ⋡ࡣࠊ ᖺࡢ ࡽ ᖺࡢ ࡲ࡛ቑຍࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡛ࡣ ᖺࡢ≧ἣࢆࠊ࣐࣮ࢳ࣭ࣥࢺࣟ࢘ࡢ⌮ㄽᙜ࡚ࡣࡵ࡚⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡿࠊᙜࡢ୰ᅜࡢ㧗 ➼ᩍ⫱ࡣࡲࡔ࢚࣮ࣜࢺẁ㝵࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ ᖺ࡞ࡿ࣐ࢫẁ㝵ධࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋᏛ㝔 ⏕ࡢᩘࡢቑຍࡶྠᵝ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢ⾲ࡣࠊᏛ㝔⏕ࡢᅾᏛ⏕ᩘࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࠶ࡢ㟷Ⰽࡣ Ꮫ㝔⏕༤ኈೃ⿵⏕ࢆྜィࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࠊࣆࣥࢡⰍࡣᏛ㝔⏕ࡢᅾᏛ⏕ᩘࠊࡇࡢ㯤Ⰽࡣ༤ኈೃ⿵ ⏕ࡢᅾᏛ⏕ᩘࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ㸦ࢫࣛࢻ 㸧ࠋ≉ࠊᏛ㝔⏕ࡢᅾᏛ⏕ᩘࡀ㢧ⴭቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡲ ࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊ ᖺ ᖺࡽࡣࠊࡇࡢቑຍࡶ㠀ᖖᛴ㏿࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ୰ᅜᅵ࡛ࡣᖺ ᭶ ࠊಟኈᏛ⏕ࡢ᪂ධ⏕ເ㞟ࢆጞࡵࡓࡤࡾ࡛ࡍࠋᖺᅜ࡛ಟኈᏛ㝔⏕ฟ㢪ࡍࡿ⪅ࡣࠊ ே࠸ࡿ⪺ࡁࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢᩘᏐࡶࠊᩘᖺ᮶࡛᭱ࡶከ࠸ᩘᏐ࡛ࡍࠋ ேࡢ࠺ࡕධᏛ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ ࡣ ேࠊᖺᗘࡣ ே࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢ㔞ⓗᣑྠࠊ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢ࠸ࡃࡘࡢෆ㒊 ᵓᡂࡸᵓ㐀ࡶࡁ࡞ኚࡀ⏕ࡌࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢᵓ㐀ࡣࠊࡲࡎᏛᰯࡢᩘࡢୖ࡛ࡣࠊࡇࡢᩘࡣ ᖺࡢᩘᏐ࡛ࡍࠋ᫇ࠊᩥ㠉௨๓ࡣࠊㄡࡶࡀ୰ᅜࡢᏛ࠸࠼ࡤබႠᏛࡋ࡞࠸ࡇࢆ ▱ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ࠸ࢃࡺࡿබႠᏛࡣ᪥ᮏࡢᅜ❧බ❧ࢆྜࢃࡏࡓࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋᩥ 㠉௨๓ࡣᅜබ❧Ꮫࡔࡅ࡛ࠊ⚾❧Ꮫࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡋࡋ ᖺ௦ࡽࡣࠊ⚾❧ Ꮫࡢᩘࡶᛴ㏿ቑຍࡋጞࡵࡲࡍࠋ࠼ࡤࡇࡢᩘᏐ࡛ࡍࠋ ᖺࡣ⚾❧Ꮫࡢᩘࡣ᪤⣙ ࡲ࡛㐩ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊࡲࡔ㡑ᅜࡸ᪥ᮏከࡃ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊ᪤ ࡶ㐩ࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋᏛ⏕ࡢᩘࡶྠᵝ࡛ࡍࠋ⚾❧ᏛࡸẸ㛫ᏛࡢᏛ⏕ᩘࡶࠊࡲ࡛㐩ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡛ࡣࡇࡢᅗ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡇࢀࢆぢࡿබႠᏛࠊࡘࡲࡾ᪥ᮏ࡛࠸࠺ᅜබ❧Ꮫ࡛ࡍࡡࠊࡇࡢᅜබ❧ Ꮫࡢᵓ㐀ࡶࡁ࡞ኚࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀ᫂ࡽ࡛ࡍ㸦ࢫࣛࢻ 㸧ࠋࡲࡓࡇࡢᅗࡽࡣࠊᆅ ᪉ࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵ࠊࡘࡲࡾ᪥ᮏ࡛࠸࠺බ❧Ꮫࡀࠊ࡛ࡣᅜබ❧Ꮫࡢ୰࡛ࡶᅽಽⓗከᩘࡢ ࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀศࡾࡲࡍࠋࡢࡍ࡚ࡀබ❧Ꮫ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋᩍ⫱㒊┤ᒓࡢᏛ୰ኸᨻ ᗓ┤ᒓࡢࡑࡢࡢᏛࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡢᅜ❧Ꮫ┦ᙜࡋࡲࡍࡀࠊࡇࢀࡣࢃࡎ 㐣ࡂࡲࡏࢇࠋ ࡇࢀࡣ௨๓ẚࡿࠊ㠀ᖖࡁ࡞ኚ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ᖺ௦ࡣᩍ⫱㒊┤ᒓࡢᏛࡣࠊ⣙ ࡲ࡛㐩ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ࡛ࡣࢃࡎ ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ࡛ࡍࡽࠊࡇࡢኚࡣ࡚ ࡶࡁ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡇࢀࡣࠊࢹ࣮ࢱࡽぢࡓ୰ᅜࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢ≧ἣ࡛ࡍࠋࢹ࣮ࢱୖࡢ≧ἣ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࢀ࡛ࡣḟࠊ ᨵ㠉ࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞ືྥࡘ࠸࡚࠾ヰࡋࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᨵ㠉ࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞ືྥࡘ࠸࡚࠾ヰࡋࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊ ࡲࡎࡣࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊࠕ㧗ᩍ ᮲ࠖࡢࡇࢆ࠾ヰࡋࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࠕ㧗ᩍ ᮲ࠖ ࡣఱࠋᖺ ᖺࡢึ㢌ࠊᩍ⫱㒊ࡣ࠶ࡿᩥ᭩ࢆⓎ⾜ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢᩥ᭩ࡢྡࢆࠊࠕᩍ⫱ 㒊ࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢ㉁ࢆ㠃ⓗ㧗ࡵࡿࡇ㛵ࡍࡿⱝᖸࡢពぢࠖゝ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢࠕⱝᖸࡢពぢࠖ ࡣ ᮲࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ␎ࡋ࡚ࠕ㧗ᩍ ᮲ࠖࡪࡼ࠺࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ ୰ᅜࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᨵ㠉ࡢ᪂ືྥ ࡛ࡣḟࠊࡇࡢࠕ㧗ᩍ ᮲ࠖࢆຍࡋ࡚ࠊ୰ᅜࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱࡛⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸ࡃࡘࡢᨵ㠉 ࡘ࠸࡚࠾ヰࡋࡋࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢࠕ ᮲ࠖࢆࠊෆᐜࡽぢ࡚ࡳࡲࡋࡻ࠺㸦ࢫࣛࢻ 㸧ࠋࡇࢀࡣࠕ㧗 ᩍ ᮲ࠖࡢෆᐜࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢࠕ ᮲ࠖࡀㅻࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢ㉁ࢆ㠃ⓗ 㧗ࡵࡿࡇ࡛ࡍࡀࠊᐇ㝿ࡣ㧗➼ᩍ⫱యࡢࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞㠃ࡶྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࠼ࡤ┠ᶆ ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᩍ⫱㠃ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ◊✲ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ♫ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡘ࠸࡚ࠋࡉࡽࠊ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢไᗘᨵ 㠉ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢෆᐜࡸᩍᖌ㛵ࡍࡿෆᐜࠊ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢ⤒㈝㛵ࡍࡿෆᐜ࡛ࡍࠋ ⚾ࡣࠊ࠸ࡃࡘࡢෆᐜࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚࠾ヰࡋࡋࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡲࡎࠊࡇࡢࠕ㧗ᩍ ᮲ࠖ ᐃࡵࡽࢀࡓ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᨵ㠉ࡢ┠ᶆࡣఱ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡇࢀࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊඛ࠾ヰࡋࡋࡓ㔞ⓗᣑ ࡀࡇࡇᩘᖺࡢ㔜せ࡞≉ᚩࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡣ࠾ศࡾ࠸ࡓࡔࡅࡿᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡋࡋࠊ㔞 ⓗᣑࡽ㉁ࡢၥ㢟ኚࢃࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ࠸㉁ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࠊࡇࢀࡀ㠀ᖖ㔜せ࡞ࡶ ࡢ࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡘ┠ࠊ࡛ࡣᏛࡢᩘࡣ᪤࡚ࡶከࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ⟠ᡤవࡾ ࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵ࠊ ௨ୖࡢᏛࡀ᪤Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ࠸ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᏛࡀࠊ⮬ᰯ ࡢ≉ⰍࢆⓎ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᏛࡀ⮬ᰯࡢ≉ⰍࢆⓎ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ࠊಁࡉ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲ ࡏࢇࠋ࠸࠺ࡢࡶ୰ᅜ࡛ࡣࠊᏛ㛫ࡢ➇தࡀ㠀ᖖ⃭ࡋࡃࠊ⇚Ⅿ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡽ࡛ࡍࠋ࡛ ࡍࡽࠊ࠺ࡍࢀࡤࡇࡢ⇚Ⅿ࡞➇தࡢ୰࡛ࠊᏛࡀⓎᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢࠋࡑࡢ⟅࠼ ࡣࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᏛࡀ㐠Ⴀୖ࡛ࠊ⮬ᰯࡢ≉Ⰽࢆᡴࡕฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇࢀࡣ ࡚ࡶ㔜せ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡛ࡣࠊᩍ⫱㠃ࡘ࠸࡚࠾ヰࡋࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡇࡇ࡛㏙ࡿࡢࡣࠊࡍ࡚ᩍ⫱ᨵ㠉㛵ࡍࡿศ㔝 ࡛ࡍࠋ࠼ࡤࠊᑓᨷࡸேᮦᵓ㐀ࡢኚࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࠊேᮦ⫱ᡂࣔࢹࣝࡢࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࡸᨵ㠉ࠊ Ꮫ㝔⏕ࡢᩍ⫱య⣔ࡢᨵ㠉࡞ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࡇࢀࡽࡍ࡚ࡀ୍ࡘࡦࡘࡢࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡛ࡍࠋᐇ㝿 ࡣࠊࡑࡢ୰㠀ᖖࡓࡃࡉࢇࡢලయⓗ࡞ෆᐜࡀࡘࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡲࡓࠊᐇ㊶ᆺᩍ⫱ࡢᙉࡸ㉳ᴗᩍ⫱ࡸᑵ⫋ᣦᑟࡢᙉࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࠊᩍ⫱ホ౯ไᗘࡢഛ࡞ ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ୰ᅜ࡛ࡣ ᖺ௦௨㝆ࠊᐇ㝿ᩍᖌࡣከࡃࡢሙྜࠊ◊✲ࢆࡼࡾ㔜どࡋᩍ⫱ࢆⱝᖸ ㍍どࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵᨻᗓࡣᩥ᭩ࡢ୰࡛ࠊᩍ⫱ࢆ㔜どࡍࡿࡇࢆఱᗘࡶᙉㄪࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ ࡛ࡍࠋ࠼ࡤࠊᩍ⫱㒊ࡀ ᖺࠊᩍ⫱㒊ࡀᏛ㒊ᩍ⫱ࠊ≉Ꮫ㒊ᩍ⫱ࢆ㔜どࡋ࡚ࠊᏛ㒊ᩍ⫱ࡢ ࡓࡵࡔࡅࠊேẸඖ࡛ ൨ඖࡶࡢ㈨㔠ࢆᏛ㒊ᩍ⫱㛵ࡍࡿࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺᢞධࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡇ ࢀࡣࠊᑓ㛛ᩍ⫱ᨵ㠉ࡢࣔࢹࣝᶵ㛵 ⟠ᡤࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊྛࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ ඖࡀᢞ ධࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ Ꮫ⏕ࡢ㉳ᴗࡸᏛ⏕ࡢࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡶ࠶ࡾࠊᅜ࡛ ௳❧ࡉࢀࠊࡑࢀࡒ ࢀ㈨㔠ࡀᢞධࡉࢀࠊ⥲㢠࡛ ൨ ༓ඖࡶୖࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣࡍ࡚Ꮫ㒊⏕ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓ ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡢࠊ࢜ࣥࣛࣥබ㛤࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡀ ௳ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ ඖࡀᢞධࡉ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡽࡣࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࠸࠺ྡࡢࡶⓎᒎࡋࠊᏛ㒊ᩍ⫱ࢆಁ㐍ࡋࠊᏛ㒊ᩍ⫱ࡢ ㉁ࢆ㧗ࡵ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋிᏛࡣ ඖࠊΎ⳹Ꮫࡣ ඖࠊṊ₎Ꮫࡣ ඖࠊ୰ᒣ Ꮫࡣ ඖࠊ⳹༡⌮ᕤᏛࡣ ඖࢆ⋓ᚓࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢᩘᏐࡣࠊඛࡢᏛ㒊 ᩍ⫱㛵ࡍࡿᩍ⫱㒊ࡢᴗࡸࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ㛵ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢᏛᰯࡀ⋓ᚓࡋࡓ≧ἣࢆ♧ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᆅ᪉ᨻᗓࡶྠᏛ㒊ᩍ⫱ࢆ㔜どࡍࡿࡇࢆᡴࡕฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࠼ࡤỤ⸽┬࡛ࡍࠋࢃࡀᰯ ༡ிᖌ⠊ᏛࡣỤ⸽┬࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊỤ⸽┬ࡶ࠸ࢃࡺࡿ㔜Ⅼᑓ㛛Ꮫ⛉ࢆタࡅ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ┬ ⟠ᡤ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋྛ㔜Ⅼᑓ㛛Ꮫ⛉ࡣࠊ ࡽ ඖࡢຓᡂ㔠ࡀᨭ⤥ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢ㔜 Ⅼᑓ㛛Ꮫ⛉ࡣࠊᏛ㒊ᩍ⫱ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣࡍ࡞ࢃࡕᩍ⫱㠃ࢆ㔜どࡍࡿࡇ࡛࠶ ࡾࠊᨻᗓࡣ≉Ꮫ㒊ᩍ⫱ࡢ㔜どࢆᡴࡕฟࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣ࡞ࡐ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽᏛ㒊ᩍ ⫱ࡣࠊ ᖺไᏛࡢ᭱ࡶᇶᮏⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡔ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡽ࡛ࡍࠋ ⛉Ꮫ◊✲ࡶࠊࡇࡢࠕ ᮲ࠖࡢ୰࡛ゝཬࡉࢀࡓ㠀ᖖ㔜せ࡞㒊ศࡢ୍ࡘ࡛ࡍࠋ⛉Ꮫ◊✲࠾࠸ ࡚ࡣࠊ ࡘࡢ㠃㛵ࡍࡿࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡀᥦ㉳ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓ㸦ࢫࣛࢻ 㸧ࠋࡇࡢ୰࡛⚾ࡀ≉ᙉㄪ ࡋࡓ࠸ࡢࡣࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞༠ാⓗࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࢆ᥎㐍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ࡛ࡣࠊ༠ാⓗࣀ࣋ ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ᥎㐍࡛ࡍࡀࠊᖺᩍ⫱㒊ࡣࠊࠕ ィ⏬ࠖࡤࢀࡿ᪂ࡋ࠸ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࢆ❧ࡕୖ ࡆࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢࠕ ィ⏬ࠖࡣࠊࠕ ᕤ⛬ࠖࠊⓙࡉࡲ᪉ࡶࡼࡃࡈᏑࡌࡢࠕ ᕤ⛬ࠖࡣࠊ୰ ᅜ࡛ ᖺ௦❧ࡕୖࡆࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ ᖺ௦ᮎᮇ࡞ࡿࠊᗘࡣࠕ ᕤ⛬ࠖ࠸࠺ ࡶࡢࡀⓏሙࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡢࠕ ィ⏬ࠖࡀࠊ ࠕ ᕤ⛬ࠖࠕ ᕤ⛬ࠖ௨㝆ࡢ㠀ᖖ つᶍ࡞ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡋ࡚ᡴࡕฟࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢࠕ ィ⏬ࠖࡢ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻࡣࠊ༠ാ ࡍࡿࡇࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢィ⏬ࡢ┠ⓗࡣࠊᅜࡢྛ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵 ࠊ ⟠ᡤࡢ༠ാⓗࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࢆタ❧ࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣ᪥ᮏࡢ &2( ┦ᙜ ࡋࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࡢ༠ാⓗࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡣࠊ ࡘࡢศ㔝ศࡅࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋ୍ࡘ┠ࡢศ㔝ࡣᇶ♏◊ ✲ࠊᐇ㉁ⓗࡣᇶ♏◊✲࡛ࡍࠋࡘ┠ࡢศ㔝ࡣᩥࡢఏᢎ㛵ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ୕ࡘ┠ࡢศ㔝ࡣ ⏘ᴗ㛵ࡍࡿࡶࡢࠊᅄࡘ┠ࡢศ㔝ࡣᆅᇦࡢⓎᒎࢆ┠ᣦࡍࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢศ㔝ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ ࠊࠊࠊ ࡛ ࠸࠺ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࢆタ❧ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡇࢀࡣ୍ࡘࡢᨵ 㠉࡛ࡍࠋᙜ↛࡞ࡀࡽ ᖺࠊࡇࡢ ⟠ᡤࡢࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࢆ୍Ẽ❧ࡕୖࡆࡓࢃ ࡅ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ ᖺࡣ ⟠ᡤタ❧ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ィ⏬࡛ࠊ⌧Ⅼ࡛ᖺࡢ ᭶୰᪪ࡲ࡛ ࠊᅜ࡛࠾ࡼࡑ ࠊ ࡢࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢ⏦ㄳࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋᖺ ᭶୰᪪ࡣ᪤ ḟᑂ ᰝࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࠊ ⟠ᡤࡀỴᐃࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ ⟠ᡤᑐࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ᭶ᮎ ḟᑂᰝࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡲ ࡍࠋᙜ⪅ࡽࡣᑂᰝ࡛⟅ᘚࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ᭱⤊ࡲ࡛ṧࢀࡤᨻᗓࡢ༠ാⓗࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࢭࣥࢱ࣮ ࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ༠ാⓗࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡋ࡚Ỵᐃࡉࢀࡓᚋࡣࠊᨻᗓࡽ⤒㈝ ࡀᨭ⤥ࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋ⪺ࡃࡇࢁ࡛ࡣࠊࡲࡔ㛤ጞࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊ⌮⣔ࡢ⮬↛⛉Ꮫࡢࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡ ࢺࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࡣ ൨ඖ௨ୖࡀᨭ⤥ࡉࢀࠊᩥ⣔ࡢேᩥ♫⛉Ꮫࡢࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࢆ❧ࡋࡓሙ ྜࡣࠊ୍ࡘࡢࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡘࡁࠊᜍࡽࡃ ඖࡀᨭ⤥ࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ணࡉ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࡢࠕ ィ⏬ࠖࡣ୰ኸᨻᗓࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ࡛ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ┬࡛ࡶᐇࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࠼ࡤࠊỤ⸽┬࡛ࡶ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋỤ⸽┬࡛ࡣ ⟠ᡤࡢ༠ാⓗࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࢆタ ❧ࡍࡿࡇࡀணᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ᪤ᑂᰝࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊࡲࡔ⤖ᯝᚅࡕ࡛ࡍࠋࢃࡀᰯ༡ிᖌ ⠊Ꮫ࡛ࡣࠊỤ⸽ᩍ⫱ᨵ㠉༠ാⓗࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࢆ⏦ㄳࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ⚾ࡓࡕࡣࡇࡢࡼ࠺ ࡞ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࢆタ❧ࡋࡼ࠺‽ഛ୰࡛ࡍࠋチྍࡀୗࡾࢀࡤࠊ ඖࡀᨭ⤥ࡉࢀࡿ࠸࠺ヰ ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣᩍ⫱㠃㛵ࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ ୰ᅜࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡀ┤㠃ࡍࡿㄢ㢟 ࡇࡢࡶ⌧ᅾࠊᏛࡢヨ㦂ไᗘᨵ㠉࡞ࠊ୰ᅜࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡀⓎᒎ㏵ୖ࡛┤㠃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㠀 ᖖ㢌ࡢ③࠸ၥ㢟ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࠸ࡋ࡚Ꮫධヨไᗘࢆᨵ㠉ࡍࡿࠊᏛ㒊ᨵ㠉➼ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ ࡃ࠸࠺ၥ㢟࡛ࡍࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊࡇࡢ୰ࡣࠊᅜ㝿ὶࡸᅜ㝿ὶ༠ຊࡢ⬟ຊࢆ࠸㧗ࡵࡿ ࠸࠺ࡇࡶྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ≉ࠊᨻᗓࡀ⚾ࡓࡕᮾᏛࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᥦᦠࡶྵࡴࠊ እᅜࡢᏛࡢᏛ⏕ὶࠊ༢ࡸ」ᩘᏛࠊඹྠᏛࢆᨭࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢࡶࠊྠ ᾏእ␃Ꮫ⤒㦂ࢆᣢࡘᏛ㒊⏕ࡸᏛ㝔⏕ࡢྜࢆᘬࡁୖࡆࡼ࠺ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡲࡍࠋ᭱㏆୰ ᅜ࡛ࡣࠊᏛ⛉ホ౯ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊᨻᗓࡢᩍ⫱㒊ࡽㄆྍࢆᚓࡓホ౯࡛ࠊᐇ㉁ⓗ ࡣ୰ᅜ࡛ࡣࡓࡔ୍ࡘࡋ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡇࡢᏛ⛉ホ౯ࡣከࡃࡢ㡯┠ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊᾏእ␃Ꮫ㛵ࡍࡿ ࡇࠊࡘࡲࡾᅜ㝿㛵ࡍࡿ㡯ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀࡽࡲࡓࠊᩍᖌࡢᩍ⫱Ỉ‽ࢆ࠸ྥୖࡉ ࡏ࡚࠸ࡃ࠸࠺㡯ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋᖺࠊᅜࣞ࣋ࣝࡢᩍᖌⓎᒎࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࠊ)' ࣔࢹࣝࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡀ タ❧ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ୰ኸᨻᗓࡀタࡅࡓᏛෆ ⟠ᡤタ❧ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢࣔࢹࣝࢭ ࣥࢱ࣮ࡣࠊᩍᖌࡢࣞ࣋ࣝࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡓࡵேẸඖ ඖࡢຓᡂ㔠ࡀᨭ⤥ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡢ ሗ࿌ࡣ௨ୖ࡛ࡍࠋ ㅮ₇ %XLOGLQJWKH3ROLV5HVLGHQWLDOFROOHJHH[SHULHQFH IURP1DWLRQDO&KHQJFKL8QLYHUVLW\LQ7DLZDQ ᅜ❧ᨻᏛ 㒯 ྠ ࡣࡌࡵ ᮏ᪥ⓙࡉࡲࡈሗ࿌ࡍࡿࢸ࣮࣐ࡣࠊྎ‴ᅜ❧ᨻᏛࡢᏛ᭩㝔ࠊࣞࢪࢹࣥࢩࣕࣝ࢝ࣞࢵࢪ ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡇ࡛ሗ࿌ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡃࡇࡢࢸ࣮࣐ࡣࠊ῝࠸ᛮ࠸ධࢀࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀ࠸࠺ࡢࡶࠊ ⏦ඛ⏕ᱱඛ⏕⚾ ேࡣࠊ௨๓Ꮫᰯᅾ⡠ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㡭ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡀ⮬ศࡢ࢜ࣇࢫࢆᣢࡗ ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡣࡇࡕࡽ᮶ࡿࠊࡲࡿ࡛♧ࡋྜࢃࡏࡓࡢࡼ࠺അ↛ࠊ ே୍࡛ࡘ ࡢົᐊࢆ࠺ࡇ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ୍⯡ࡢᏛ⏕࡛࠶ࢀࡤᬑ㏻ࡣ୍ே࡛Ꮫࡢእఫࡴ࡛ࡋࡻ ࠺ࡀࠊఱ࠶ࡿᑅᨺࡾ㎸ࡲࢀࡿࡇࡀ࠶ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡕࡻ࠺ࡑࢇ࡞ࡩ࠺ࠊ⚾ࡓࡕ ே ࡣኚ㈗㔜࡞⦕ᜨࡲࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ⚾ࡓࡕࡣᮅ୍⥴ᐙࢆฟ࡚ࠊ฿╔ࡍࡿ⏦ඛ⏕ࡀࢥ࣮ࣄ࣮ࢆ Ἓࡋࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࢀࡒࢀບࡳࠊṇ༗࡞ࡗࡓࡽ㣗ࢆྲྀࡾࡲࡍࠋ㣗ࡢ๓ࡣࡶ࠺ ୍ᗘ࠾Ⲕࢆࠊ㜿㔛ᒣⲔࠊࡢᆅ᪉ࡢ࠾Ⲕࢆධࢀࡓࡾࡶࡋࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀࡽ୍⥴㣗ࢆࡋࠊ ୍⥴㆟ㄽࡋࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ ࣨ᭶ࢆ㐣ࡈࡋ࡚ࡳ࡚ࠊᅇࡇࡢࣞࢪࢹࣥࢩࣕࣝ࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡘ ࠸࡚ࡈሗ࿌ࡋࡼ࠺⪃࠼ጞࡵࡓࡁࠊࡇࢇ࡞ࡩ࠺㐣ࡈࡍࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࡃ㐪ࡗࡓᩍ⫱ࢆᥦ౪ ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠊ㠀ᖖ῝࠸ឤ៓ࢆᣢࡗ࡚᫂ゝࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿᛮ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ࡛ࡍࡽ ඛࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡢࡼ࠺࡞ ேࡢゼၥᏛ⪅ࡀ᪥ࡇࡇ㞟ࡵࡽࢀࡓࡢࡣࠊΎỈඛ⏕᪉ࡀᨾពᡭ 㓄ࡋࡓࡽ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡢ᪉ࡕࡻ࠺Ⰻ࠸ࢱ࣑ࣥࢢ࡛ࠊ㠀ᖖᵓ㐀ⓗ࡞ᬯ㯲ࡢゎࡀ ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡔ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡓࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ⚾ࡣࠊ୍ࡘࡢᏛᰯࡢ୰࡛ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ኚ㠉ࢆヨࡳ࡚ ࠸ࡃࡘ࠸࡚࠾ヰࡋࡋࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡓࡕࡣ௨๓ࠊⱝᖸ◊✲೫ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊࡑࡢ ᚋᩍ⫱ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳጞࡵࡲࡋࡓࠋ⚾ࡓࡕࡣࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞᪉ἲ࡛ࠊࡇࡕࡽ࡛ࡢࣞࢪࢹࣥࢩࣕࣝ࢜ࣇ ࢫࡢᵝᏊࢆ࠾ఏ࠼ࡋࡓ࠸ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᅜ❧ᨻᏛ࠾ࡅࡿᏛ㒊ᩍ⫱ࡢᣮᡓ ⚾ࡀ࠾ヰࡋࡋࡓ࠸ࡢࡣࠊᐇࡣᅜ㝿ᨻᏛࡣ㐣ཤఱᖺࡢ㛫ࠊୡ⏺ⓗ࡞◊✲ࡢືྥ࠾ࡅ ࡿࡘࡢࡁ࡞ࢳࣕࣞࣥࢪࡎࡗ┤㠃ࡋ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ୍ࡘ┠ࡢࢳࣕࣞࣥࢪࡣࠊ ⚾ࡓࡕࡀᏛᏛ㒊ࡢᩍ⫱ࢆࡎࡗ㍍どࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡇ࡛ࡍࠋᶵࡀ࠶ࢀࡤ⏦ᩍᤵࡢᮏࢆࡈぴୗࡉ ࠸ࠋࡑࡢᮏࡣࠊ㠀ᖖ㔜せ࡞⤖ㄽࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕୡ⏺ࡀᏛᩍ⫱ࡢ୰࡛◊✲⾑㐨ࢆ࠶ࡆ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡁࠊᏛ⏕ࡀ㝮㏣࠸ࡸࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ࠸࠺ࡇࡀ᭩ࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋከࡃࡢ◊✲ࠊᑡࡋ௨๓ࡢ ◊✲ࡸ᭱㏆ࡢ◊✲ࡢ⤖ᯝࡣࠊᏛᏛ㒊ࡢᏛ⏕ࡀࠕぢᤞ࡚ࡽࢀࡓୡ௦ࠖ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠊᙼࡽࡀᏛ ᰯࡢ୰࡛ぢᤞ࡚ࡽࢀࡓᏑᅾࡢࡼ࠺ࡔ≀ㄒࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋⓙࡉࡲ᪉ࡢ୰ࡣࠊࡇࢀࢆ⣡ᚓ࡛ࡁ࡞ ࠸࠸࠺᪉ࡶ࠾ࡽࢀࡿࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋࡋࡋࢃࡀᰯ࡛ࡣࠊከࡃࡢᩍᖌࡓࡕࡀ⮬ࡽࡢⰋᚰၥ ࠸ࡅ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⮬ศࡣᏛᏛ㒊ࡢᏛ⏕ࡓࡕᑐࡋ࡚ࠊࢀࡔࡅ㛫ࢆ࠸࡚࠶ࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡈ⮫ᖍࡢ᪉ࠎࡢ୰ࠊ⮬ᰯࡢᏛᏛ㒊ࡢᏛ⏕ࢆ▱ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ᪉ࡀࢀࡔࡅ࠸ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᐇࡣ ⚾ࡶேࡢࡇࡣゝ࠼ࡲࡏࢇࠋ⚾ࡓࡕࡣࠊ࠸ࢃࡺࡿ◊✲ᚿྥࡢᏛᰯయࡢ୰࡛ࠊ࠶ࡲࡾࡶࣃࣈ ࣜࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ㔜どࡋ㐣ࡂ࡚ࠊᏛ⏕ࢆ㍍どࡋ࡚ࡁ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡛ࡍࠋࡢࡼ࠺ᙼࡽࢆᩍ ⫱ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡢࠊࡇࢀࡣ୍㈏ࡋ࡚㔜せ࡞ࢳࣕࣞࣥࢪ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ␒┠ࡣࠊᏛ㝔ࡢእࡢᕷሙࢽ࣮ࢬࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢᕷሙࢽ࣮ࢬࡢ≉ᛶࡣࠊᐇࡣ⌧ᅾࡢ Ꮫࡢࡼ࠺ศ⛉᪉ᘧ࡛ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡀ㛢ࡌࡽࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ⚾ࡓࡕࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᏛ ᰯᡠࢀࡤࠊᩍᖌ୍ேࡦࡾ⮬ศࡢ࢜ࣇࢫࡀ࠶ࡾࠊᏛ⏕ࡶ୍ேࡦࡾ⮬ศࡢᒃሙᡤࡀ ࠶ࡾࠊࡍ࡚ࡢ㒊㛛ࠊࡍ࡚ࡢࡶࡢࡀ㠀ᖖ⣽ࡃ༊ษࡽࢀጞࡵ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᐇ㝿ࡣࠊୡ⏺ࡣ୍ ࡘࡘ࡞ࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡀࡑࢀࢆ㠀ᖖ⣽ࡃศࡅ࡚ࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞᪉ᘧ࡛ᩍ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡢ ࡛ࡍࠋྎ‴࡛ࡣ㐣ཤ༑ᩘᖺ㛫࡛ࠊᐇつᶍ࡞ㄪᰝࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢෆᐜࡣࡸࡣࡾࠊᴗ Ꮫࡢࢽ࣮ࢬࡸࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ࣛࣥ࢟ࣥࢢ㛵ࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ⚾ࡓࡕࡣࡇࡢㄪᰝࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᏛ ⩦⬟ຊࡸ₯ᅾ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࠊࢳ࣮࣒࣮࣡ࢡࠊࡘࡲࡾⓙࡀࡢࡼ࠺ᅋ⤖ࡋ༠ຊࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࠸ࡗ ࡓ㔜せ࡞ࢆぢฟࡋࡓࡾࠊᴗࡀࡓࡧࡓࡧࠊ ࠕᏛ⏕᭱ࡶ㊊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࣇࣛࢫࢺ࣮ࣞ ࢩࣙࣥ⪏ᛶࡔࠖゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇẼࡀࡘ࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ⚾ࡓࡕࡀ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓᏛᩍ⫱ࡣࠊࡑ࠺ ࠸࠺ࢆࡋࡗࡾ⫱ᡂࡋ࡚ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡛ࡍࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢳࣕࣞࣥࢪ┤ 㠃ࡋࡓࡁࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡣ୍య࠺ࡍࢀࡤⰋ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊࡇࢀᑐࡋ࡚ࡶከࡃࡢ⪃ ࠼᪉ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᐇ㝿ࠊ⚾ࡣඛ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡓࣞࢪࢹࣥࢩࣕࣝ࢝ࣞࢵࢪ࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉ࡽ ጞࡵ࡚ࠊேⓗ࡞᪉ἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊᑗ᮶ฟ࡚࠸ࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸♫ฟ࡚⾜ࡗࡓࡁ┤㠃ࡍࡿ యⓗ࡞ሙ㠃ࡘ࠸࡚ᩍ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡞Ꮫᰯ⎔ቃࡀࡸࡣࡾᚲせࡔᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡑࡇ࡛⚾ࡣࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡑࢀࢆ࣏ࣜࢸࢡࢫࡧࡲࡍࠋ࠶ࡢ㒔ᕷᅜᐙࢠࣜࢩࢆࡵࡓᨻࡢ ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ⚾ࡓࡕࡣヰࡀ⌮ཬࡪࠊࡁࡗࡇ࠺ゝ࠺࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ᫇ࡢࢠࣜࢩ㒔ᕷࡣேࡀᑡ ࡞ࡃࠊㄡ࡛ࡶ୍⥴ཧຍࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡋࠊࡍ࡚ࡢࡇࡘ࠸࡚࠸⌮ゎࡋྜ࠺ࡇࡀ ࡛ࡁࡓࡅࢀࠊ⌧௦ࡢᏛࡣࡶ࠺ࡑࢇ࡞ࡩ࠺࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡶࡍࢀࡤ༢ࡢᏛ⏕ࡀ࠸࡚ࠊ࠾ ࠸ぢࡎ▱ࡽࡎ࡞ࡾࠊࡉࡗࡁ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡓࡼ࠺࡞⎔ቃࢆᙧసࡿࡇࡣࡶࡣࡸྍ⬟࡞ࡗ࡚ ࠸ࡲࡍࠋຮᙉࡋࡓࡾ㆟ㄽࡋࡓࡾࠊ୍⥴㣗ࢆྲྀࡾ୍⥴♳ࡿ࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞⎔ቃࡣ᪤࡞࠸ࡢ ࡛ࡍࠋᏛᰯࡣぢࡎ▱ࡽࡎࡢேࡀࡓࡲࡓࡲ㞟ࡵࡽࢀࡿሙᡤኚࢃࡾࠊࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࡀᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋ ࡲ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࣞࢪࢹࣥࢩࣕࣝ࢝ࣞࢵࢪ࠸࠺Ⓨ ࡛ࡣࠊ࠺ࡍࢀࡤẚ㍑ⓗⰋ࠸᪉ἲ࡛ࠊዲࡲࡋ࠸᪉ἲ࡛ࠊⓙࡲࡲࡿࢳࣕࣥࢫࢆ࠼ࡿࡇ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺㸦ࢫࣛࢻ 㸧ࠋࣞࢪࢹࣥࢩࣕࣝ࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡣࠊࡇࡢၥ㢟ࢆゎỴࡍࡿᝏࡃ࡞ ࠸᪉ἲࡔᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢᴫᛕࡣࡉ᪂ࡋ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࢠࣜࢫࡢఏ⤫ⓗ࡞Ꮫࠊ࢜ࢵ ࢡࢫࣇ࢛࣮ࢻࡸࢣࣥࣈࣜࢵࢪ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⡿ᅜࡣⓒᖺୖࡿṔྐࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ⳹ேࡢఏ ⤫ࡶ࠸ࢃࡺࡿ᭩㝔ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࡛ࡣࠊ࡞ࡐヨࡳࡼ࠺ࡋ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ࠸࠸࠼ࠊᐇࡣヨ ࡳ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢁࡣࡓࡃࡉࢇ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡈ⯆ࡀ࠶ࢀࡤࠊ࢙࢘ࣈࢧࢺࢆぢࡿࡇࡶ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ ࣞࢪࢹࣥࢩࣕࣝ࢝ࣞࢵࢪࢆᥦၐࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ࢙࢘ࣈࢧࢺ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡢ࢙࢘ࣈࢧࢺ࡛ࡣࠊྛᅜࡢ ⤒㦂ࡽᑟࡁฟࡋࠊࡇࡢࣞࢪࢹࣥࢩࣕࣝ࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡀຠᯝࢆⓎࡍࡿࡓࡵ᭱ࡶ㔜せ࡞ࡶࡢࡣࠊ ࠸ࡃࡘࡢ≉ᛶ࡛࠶ࡿㄽࡌ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀࡣศᶒ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᩍᖌࡣᮏᙜୗࡲ࡛㝆ࡾ࡚⾜ࡗ ࡚Ꮫ⏕ࡶ⏕άࡋࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࢭࣞࣔࢽ࣮ࡸ࣋ࣥࢺࢆᐇࡋࡲࡍࠋேࠎࡣࡓࡔࠊ᪥ࡣ ࢀࡔࡅࡢ⏕⏘ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ࡞ࠊ⣽࠸ࡇࡇࡔࢃࡿࡇࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡑࡋ࡚ḟࠊ┿ࡢ ከᵝ࡛ࡍࠋᨻᏛ࡛ࡣࡇࢀࡽࢆ࣮࣋ࢫࡋ࡚ၥ㢟ᑐฎࡋࡓࡾࠊീࢆᕠࡽࡏࡓࡾࠊࡢ ࡼ࠺Ꮫࡢ୰࡛⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࢆ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᨻᏛࡣ࠾ࡼࡑ ࡀᏛ㝔࡛ࠊࡣᏛ Ꮫ㒊࡛ࡍࠋᑗ᮶ⓗ࡞┠ᶆࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࡇࡢࣃ࣮ࢭࣥࢸ࣮ࢪࡀ ࠊ ࡞ࡿࡇࢆᮃࢇ࡛࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ⚾ࡓࡕࡶࡇࡢ㐣⛬࠾࠸࡚ࠊᏛᏛ㒊ࢆ㝮㏣࠸ࡸࡾࠊ࠾ᵓ࠸࡞ࡋࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࡇ࡞ᮃࢇ࡛ ࡣ࠸ࡲࡏࢇࠋ ᨻᏛࡀࡇࡇᩘᖺ㛫ࡎࡗࠊྎ‴࡛ࡣ࠸ࢃࡺࡿࠕ㑌ྥ㡬ᑤᏛィ⏬ࠖࡢᏛᣦᐃࡉࢀࡿ ࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚ࡽࠊ◊✲࠸࠺ࡇࡢᚿྥᛶࡢࠊࡢࡼ࠺Ꮫᩍ⫱ࢆኚ࠼࡚࠸ࡃࡁ ࢆ┿ᦸ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚࣮ࣜ࣋ࣛࣝࢶᩍ⫱ࡣࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛ࡍࠋ⚾ࡓ ࡕࡣ⮬⏤Ⓨࡋ⮬⏤⾜ືࡍࡿࠊ⮬⏤ேࡢᩍ⫱ࢆᥦ౪ࡋࡓ࠸ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚⚾ࡓࡕ ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡀேⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆᮃࢇ࡛࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊࡇࡢᩍ⫱ࡀᩍᐊࡢ୰ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ ࠸ࡘ࡛ࡶࡇ࡛ࡶ⾜࠺ࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࢀࡤⰋ࠸ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣࡇ࡛ࡶ⾜࠺ࡁࡔᛮ࠸ ࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊࡘ࠸ඛ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡓࡼ࠺ࠊᨻᏛࡣྎ‴࡛ ௨ෆධࡿࢺࢵࣉࢡࣛࢫࡢ Ꮫ࡞ࡾࠊ ࠕ㑌ྥ㡬ᑤᏛィ⏬ࠖࡢ㔜ⅬᏛᣦᐃࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛⚾ࡓࡕࡣ㔜ⅬᏛࡋ ࡚ࠊࡇࡢࠕ㑌ྥ㡬ᑤᏛィ⏬ࠖࡢ୰࣮ࣜ࣋ࣛࣝࢶᩍ⫱ࡢᙉࢆᥦ㉳ࡋࡲࡋࡓ㸦ࢫࣛࢻ 㸧ࠋ ⚾ࡓࡕࡢᵓࡣࠊࢃࡀᰯࡀⓙࢆ⤫ྜࡍࡿࡇࡢ࡛ࡁࡿࣉࣛࢵࢺࣇ࢛࣮࣒࡞ࡿࡇ࡛ࡍࠋᨻ ᏛࡢయࡀࠊᏛ⩦ࡢ⥲య࡞ࡿࡇࢆᮃࢇ࡛࠸ࡲࡍࠋᨻᏛࡢࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢᩘᖺ㛫ࢆࡾ ㏉ࡗ࡚ࡳࡿࠊࢃࡀᰯ࡛ ᖺࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⪃࠼᪉ࡀᡴࡕฟࡉࢀࡿᏛෆ࡛㆟ㄽࡀጞࡲࡾࠊ ⩣ࠎᖺࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࡀタࡉࢀࠊ ᖺࡽάືࡀጞࡲࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ࡛ࡶࡇࡢ᭩㝔ࡣࠊ⤯࠼ ࡎᵓ㐀㌿ࢆ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢ᭩㝔ࡢ᭱ࡶ࡞ィ⏬ࡣ᭩㝔ᩍ⫱ࢆ㍈ࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࡍࠋḟ ⚾ࡓࡕࡣ୕ࡘࡢ㡯ࢆ⾜࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢ୕ࡘࡣࠊࢸ࣮࣐ࠊ᪂ධ⏕ࠊࡑࡋ࡚࣮ࣜ࣋ࣛࣝࢶᩍ⫱ ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡽࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊ࠸ࢃࡺࡿேᩍ⫱ࢆ㐩ᡂࡋࡓ࠸ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᙜ↛࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡇࡢ⌮ ⾜ࡁ╔ࡃࡓࡵࡣࠊࡺࡗࡃࡾⓎᒎࡉࡏ࡚࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ከࡃࡢࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ⚾ࡓࡕࡀ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ୰ࠊ᪂ධ⏕࢚࢜ࣜࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ᪂ධ⏕ࡀධᏛࡋ࡚ࡁ ࡓᚋࠊࡢࡼ࠺ࢃࡀᰯࡢάືཧຍࡋࠊᑅ࡛ᬽࡽࡋຮᙉࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡘ࠸࡚ᩍ࠼ࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡓ ࡕࡣࡇࡢᑅ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡀࠊࡕࡻ࠺⚾ࡀඛ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡓࣞࢪࢹࣥࢩࣕࣝ࢜ࣇࢫࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ ࡑࢀࡼࡗ࡚ᚓࡽࢀࡓከࡃࡢᶵྠᵝࠊ࡚ࡶ㈗㔜ࡔឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡽ࡛ࡍࠋ ḟࠊ࣮ࣜ࣋ࣛࣝࢶࡢࣀ࣮࣋ࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡍࠋ⚾ࡓࡕࡣ࠸ࡃࡘࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࠊṇつࡢ࢝ ࣒ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡁࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡓࡕࡣࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞᪉ἲࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᏛ⏕ࡀ࠸ࢃࡺࡿศ㔝 ᶓ᩿ࡢᏛ⩦⪅ࠊ⮬ⓗ࡞Ꮫ⩦⪅ࠊ⥲ྜⓗ࡞Ꮫ⩦⪅࡞ࡗ࡚ḧࡋ࠸ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊ♫ ࡶ㛵ᚰࢆྥࡅ࡚ḧࡋ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋᨻᏛࡣ♫⛉Ꮫࡀ࣓ࣥࡢᏛ࡛ࡍࠋࢃࡀᰯ࡛ࡣ୍ ㈏ࡋ࡚ࠊ♫ཧຍࢆษ࡞ఏ⤫ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ≉බඹࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࡛ࡍࠋ⥆࠸࡚ⓙࡉࡲ࠾ヰࡋ ࡍࡿࡢࡣࠊࢃࡀᨻᏛࡀࡢࡼ࠺⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡘ࠸࡚࡛ࡍࠋ࡚ࡶ㔜せ࡞ࡣࠊࡶࡋ ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࣞࢪࢹࣥࢩࣕࣝ࡞࢚ࣇ࢙ࢡࢺࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡋࡓ࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊ⤖ᯝࡋ࡚ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞⎔ ቃࡀᚲせ࡞ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ ᅜ❧ᨻᏛࡢ᭩㝔ᩍ⫱ ࡉ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡣᨻᏛࡢ᭩㝔ࡢ⡆༢࡞ᆅᅗ࡛ࡍࠋᨻᏛࡣࡘࡢ㒊ศศࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ୍ࡘࡣᒣࡢୗ࡛ࠊࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡣᒣࡢୖࠊࡕࡻࡗ㧗࠸ሙᡤ࠶ࡿ࢟ࣕࣥࣃࢫ࡛ࡍࠋࢃࡀࣞࢪࢹࣥ ࢩࣕࣝ࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡣᒣࡢୖ࠶ࡾࠊࡇࡇぢ࠼ࡿࡢࡀᒣࡢୖࡢ㒊ศࡢ␎ᅗ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢṌ㐨ࡀ ᒣࡢୖࡲ࡛㏻ࡌ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᒣࡢୖࡢᨻᏛࡢ᭩㝔ෆࡢᆺᩍᐊ࡛ࡣࠊつᶍ࡞㞟ࡣࡇࡇ࡛ ⾜࠸ࠊࡲࡓ࣋ࣥࢺ࡞ࡶࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀࡒࢀ⮬ศࡢົᐊࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࢹᩍᐊࡢࡼ ࠺ࠊࡇࡢ୰࡛ࡣ࡚ࡶ㠃ⓑ࠸ࡇࡀࡓࡃࡉࢇ⾜ࢃࢀࡲࡍࠋࡇࡇࡣ࣮ࣜ࣋ࣛࣝࢶࡢ᭩ᩪ࡛ࡍࠋ ⡆༢࡞እᅜㄒᏛ⩦ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊᏛ⏕ࡀ⏝࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀࡽࡇࡕࡽࡣ⏕άᏛ⩦ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ ࡛ࠊᩱ⌮ࡢ᪉ࡸࢥ࣮ࣄ࣮ࡢῥࢀ᪉ࡀᏛࡲࡍࠋࡇࡕࡽࡣࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࡛ࡍࠋḟࡣࠊࡋࡀࡓ⏦ࡋ ୖࡆࡓ࣮ࣜ࣋ࣛࣝࢶࢭࣥࢱ࣮࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠎࠊேࢆᣍ࠸࡚ㅮ₇ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋㅮ₇⪅ ࡣ༞ᴗ⏕ࡸඃࢀࡓຌ⦼ࡢ࠶ࡿእ㒊ࡢேࡀ㑅ࡤࢀࡲࡍࠋࡇࡕࡽࡣ୰ᅜㄒసᩥࡢ⿵⩦࡛ࡍࠋࢃࡀᰯ ࡛ࡣᏛ⏕ࢆࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊࡇࡢࣞࢪࢹࣥࢩࣕࣝ࢝ࣞࢵࢪෆᑓ㛛せဨࢆタࡅ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋḟ ࠊᮅࡢ㐠ື࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣ㐠ືჾල࡛ࡍࠋ㣗ࡿࡇࡣ㠀ᖖ㔜せ࡛ࡍࠋࣞࢪࢹࣥࢩࣕࣝ࢝ࣞ ࢵࢪࢆ◊✲ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࠊࡢ㞟ࡾࡶ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅ㣗≀ࢆ⏝ពࡋࡓ᪉ࡀⰋ࠸࠸࠺ࡇࡀุ᫂ࡋ ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣ࡚ࡶពࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋᙜ↛࡞ࡀࡽேࡣࡶࡢࢆ㣗ࡿࡁࠊẚ㍑ⓗࣜࣛࢵࢡࢫ ࡋࡓẼᣢࡕ࡞ࢀࡲࡍࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ㣗≀ࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡢࡣ࡚ࡶ㔜せ࡞ࡇ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࣞࢪ ࢹࣥࢩࣕࣝ࢝ࣞࢵࢪ㛵ࡍࡿྛᅜࡢ◊✲ࡽุ᩿ࡋࡓࡇࢁࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺ᛮ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋᨻ Ꮫࡶࠕ࢚ࣥࢪࣙࣞࢫࢺࣛࣥࠖࠊࠕ࢚ࣥࢪ࢙ࣝࣞࢫࢺࣛࣥࠖ࠸࠺ࣞࢫࢺࣛࣥࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡉ࡚ࠊఫ⎔ቃࡣࡶࡕࢁࢇ㠀ᖖ㔜せ࡛ࡍࠋᨻᏛ࡛ࡣᖺࠊ ࠕ⮬ᙉᐟ⯋ࠖ࠸࠺᭱᪂ࡢᑅࢆ タ❧ࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋࢃࡀᰯࡢ᪂ධ⏕ࡸᏛᏛ㒊ࡢ᪂ධ⏕ࡢ࠾ࡼࡑ ேࡢࢇࡀධᑅࡍࡿࡇ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ⚾ࡓࡕࡢ┠ᶆࡣࠊࡍ࡚ࡢ᪂ධ⏕ࢆᑅఫࡵࡿࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࡍࠋࡑ࠺࡞ࢀ ࡤࠊ࠸ࢃࡺࡿࣞࢪࢹࣥࢩࣕࣝ࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡀᐇ࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋࡋࡋᐇࡣࠊࣞࢪࢹࣥࢩ ࣕࣝ࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡢ◊✲ሗ࿌ࡢ୍㒊ࡣࠊ⣙ ேࡀࡕࡻ࠺Ⰻ࠸ேᩘࡔ࠸ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡶ࠶ࡾ ࡲࡍࠋ ே࡛ࡣ☜ከࡍࡂࡲࡍࡀࠊᏛࡣ᪤ࡇࡇࡲ࡛Ⓨᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ୍Ẽேᩘࢆ ῶࡽࡍࢃࡅࡶ࠸ࡁࡲࡏࢇࠋ࡛ࡍࡢ࡛ࠊࡋࡤࡽࡃேᩘࡣⱝᖸከ࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࡀࠊ⌧Ⅼ࡛ࡣᑅࡢ ሙᡤࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࡢᑅࡢࠊࢃࡀᰯࡣ᪂ධ⏕ྥࡅࡢ᭩㝔ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋඛ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡓࡢࡣእ㒊ࡢ⎔ ቃ࡛ࡍࠋ⥆࠸࡚ࠊᨻᏛ᭩㝔ࡢ࠸ࢃࡺࡿ୰᰾ⓗ౯್ࢆ㠃ⓗ᥎㐍ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞᪉ ἲࡘ࠸࡚࠾ヰࡋ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ᪂ධ⏕᭩㝔࠸࠺ࠊ᪂ධ⏕ࡢࡓࡵࡢࣂ࣮ࢳࣕࣝ࡞᭩㝔ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲ ࡍࠋᐇ㝿᭩㝔ࢆᘓ࡚ࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࣂ࣮ࢳࣕࣝ࡞᭩㝔࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊ࠼ࡤ㐍㊰㑅ᢥ࡞ ࠊྛ✀ࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࢆᥦ౪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊࡍ࡚ࡢᨻᏛࡢᏛ⏕ࡀࠊ᪂ධ⏕ࡋ࡚ ධᏛࡋ࡚ࡁࡓᚋᚲࡎ⤒㦂ࡍࡿὙ♩ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀࡣ Ἡ ᪥ࡢ࢟ࣕࣥࣉ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡇࢀࡀ⤊ࢃࡿࠊᮏᙜᨻᏛࡢ୍ဨ࡞ࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡞Ẽࡀࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢ࢟ࣕࣥࣉ࡛ࡣࠊ ᩍᖌࡸୖ⣭⏕ࡽᙼࡽࡢ㐣ཤࡢᏛ⩦⤒㦂ࡸ♫ᅋయ㛵ࡍࡿࢆศࡕྜ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚Ꮫ ⏕ဨࡣࠊάືࡀࡍ࡚⤊ࡋࡓᚋࠊᐉㄋᘧࢆ⾜࠸ࡲࡍࠋⓙ୍࡛⥴ㄋ࠸ࡢゝⴥࢆ㏙ࡿࢭ ࣞࣔࢽ࣮࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡢᐉㄋࡣࠊᨻᏛࡢ୍ဨ࡞ࡗࡓ⪅ࡋ࡚ࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ꮫ⏕࡞ࡾࡓ࠸ ࠊ✚ᴟⓗయⓗ≀ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ᐉㄋࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊヲࡋ࠸ゝⴥࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ ┬ࡁࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡓࡕࡣ᪂ධ⏕ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓࠊ㠀ᖖ㔜せ࡛ഛࡉࢀࡓ⿵⩦ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆタࡅ࡚࠸ࡲ ࡍࠋ ࢃࡀᰯࡣᩍᐁ㛗ࡀ࠾ࡾࠊࡍ࡚ࡢ᪂ධ⏕ࡣᩍᐁ㛗ࡢᣦᑟୗ࠾ࢀࠊᑅࡣᑅࡢᩍᐁࡸᣦ ᑟဨຓᡭࠊ୰ᅜㄒసᩥᣦᑟဨࡀ࠸ࡲࡍ㸦ࢫࣛࢻ 㸧ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ⪅ࡓࡕࡀຊࢆྜࢃࡏ࡚ࠊᏛ⏕ ࡢࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ࢽ࣮ࢬࢆ‶ࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡲࡍࠋඛ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡓ㐍㊰㑅ᢥ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡇࢀ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶ ᪂ධ⏕᭩㝔ࡀࠊᙼࡽࡀࡋࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࡇࢆࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡲࡍࠋࡇࡕࡽࡀᩍᐁ㛗࡛ࡍࠋᙼࡣ ⮬ศࡢ◊✲࡛ࡶᡂᯝࢆୖࡆ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊከࡃࡢ㛫ࢆᏛ⏕ࡢ⿵⩦࠸࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋඛ㣗 ࡿࡇࡣ㠀ᖖ㔜せࡔ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊࡑࢀࡣࡓࡔ࠾⭡ࢆ‶ࡓࡍࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࢃ ࡀᰯࡣ ✀㢮ࡢ㣗ࡢࢭࣞࣔࢽ࣮ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ୍ࡘࡣ࣮ࣝࢳ࣑࣮࡛ࣥࣝࡍࠋࣞࢫࢺ࡛ࣛࣥࡣ ࡃሙᡤࡀ㊊ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡢ࡛ࠊ ேဨ࡛㣗ࡍࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊⓙ⮬ⓗ⏦ࡋ㎸ࡲࡏ࡚ ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋẖᅇ㐪࠺ࢸ࣮࣐ࡀタࡅࡽࢀࡲࡍࠋேࡀከ࠸ࡁࡶᑡ࡞࠸ࡁࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊⓙ ୍࡛⥴㣗࡞ࡀࡽウㄽࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡣࠊࢭࣞࣔࢽ࣮ⓗ࡞ṇᘧࡢᬌ㣶࡛ࡍࠋ Ꮫᖺẖ ᅇ⾜ࢃࢀࡲࡍࠋሙᡤࡀࡸࡣࡾ㊊ࡾ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊሙᡤࡢၥ㢟ࡣᨻᏛࡢ┤㠃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ၥ㢟ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛ࡍࠋ ேࡢᏛ⏕ࡀ୍⥴㣗ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࢀࡤࠊࡁࡗᴦࡋ࠸ࠊ⣲ᩛ࡞ࢭࣞ ࣔࢽ࣮࡞ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࡀࠊࡢࡇࢁࡣ࠺ࡋࡼ࠺ࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡢ࡛ࠊ௦⾲⪅ࢆฟࡋ࡚ฟᖍࡉ ࡏ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋṇᘧ࡞ᬌ㣶࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡢᚋࠊ⤊ᴗᘧࢆ⥆ࡅ࡚⾜࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᭩㝔ᩍ⫱ࡢ㸱ࡘࡢᡓ␎ ࡉ࡚ࠊ⚾ࡣඛࠊᨻᏛࡢ᭩㝔ࢆ㍈ࡍࡿ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡋࡓࠋ࡛ࡣࡇࡢ୕ࡘࡢ࡞ᡓ␎ ࡣࠊ୍ࡘ┠ࡣ᪂ධ⏕᭩㝔ࠊࡘ┠ࡣ࣮ࣜ࣋ࣛࣝࢶᩍ⫱࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡇࡽࡣࠊࡇࡢࣜ࣋ࣛ ࣮ࣝࢶᩍ⫱ࡘ࠸࡚࠾ヰࡋࡋࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࢃࡀᰯ࡛ࡣ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡸάືࢆᥦ౪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࠼ࡤࠊ᪂ධ⏕ࡢ࣏ࢪࢩࣙࢽࣥࢢࡸ⾜ື ࡼࡿᐇ㊶࡛ࡍࠋ⚾ࡓࡕࡣᏛ௦ࡽࠊᐇ㝿ࡣኚࡢ࡞࠸♫┿ࡢ㛵ࢃࡾࢆᣢࡕጞࡵ࡚ ḧࡋ࠸ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡾࢃࡅࠊ♫ⓗᙅ⪅ᑐࡍࡿ㓄៖࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ᭩㝔࡛ࡶࠊṇつࡢ࢝ࣜ ࣒࢟ࣗࣛࢆ㛤タࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋἲᐃࡢᡭ㡰ࢆ⤒ࡓᚋࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࢆᏛ⏕ࡀ༞ᴗࡍࡿ ࡓࡵᚲせ࡞ᒚಟ༢ࡋ࡚ṇつࡢ༢ࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋඛⓙࡉࡲࠊᨻᏛࡢ᭩㝔ࡣ ࡘࡢゅᗘࡽ᥎㐍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡋࡓࠋ ୍ࡘ┠ࡣ᪂ධ⏕᭩㝔ࠊࡘ┠ࡣ࣮ࣜ࣋ࣛࣝࢶᩍ⫱࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣࡉࡗࡁࡈㄝ᫂ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛ ࡍࠋࡉ࡚୕ࡘ┠ࡣఱࠊࡑࢀࡣࢸ࣮࣐᭩㝔࡛ࡍ㸦ࢫࣛࢻ 㸧ࠋࢸ࣮࣐᭩㝔ࡣ᪂ධ⏕᭩㝔 ྠᵝࣂ࣮ࢳࣕࣝࡢࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊᐇ㝿ࡢ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࢸ࣮࣐᭩㝔ࡣࡢࡇࢁ ⟠ᡤ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢࢸ࣮࣐᭩㝔ࡢ࡞ᑐ㇟⪅ࡣࠊᏛ ᖺ⏕௨ୖࡢᏛ⏕࡛ࡍࠋ⚾ࡓࡕࡣᏛ ᖺ⏕௨㝆ࡢᏛ⏕ࡢᖺ㛫ᩍ⫱ࡶࠊᘬࡁ⥆ࡁ᥎㐍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᨻᏛࡣᮍࡔⓎ ᒎ㏵ୖ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢸ࣮࣐᭩㝔ࡀ ⟠ᡤ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡓࡕࡣᏛ⏕ࡢࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞≉ᛶࢆ☻ ࠸࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡉ࡚ࠊࢸ࣮࣐᭩㝔ࡣࠊ➨୍࣮ࣜ࣋ࣛࣝࢶ᭩㝔ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ࣮ࣜ࣋ࣛࣝࢶ᭩㝔ࡣࠊ ࢃࡀᰯࡢᩍᐁ㛗ࡢࡼ࠺࡞⪅ࡋ࡚ࠊ୰ኸ◊✲㝔ࡢ◊✲ဨࡀ࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢ◊✲ဨࡣࠊྎ‴࡛ࡣ 㠀ᖖ㧗࠸ゝ࠼ࡿᆅ࠸ࡿ⪅࡛ࠊࡇࡢ⪅ࡀᩍᐁ㛗ࢆᢸᙜࡋࠊᏛ⏕ࢆᣦᑟࡋ࡚࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ ࢆࣞࣥࢪࡋࡲࡍࠋ࠼ࡤࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡣࡍ࡚ࡢᏛ⏕ࡓࡕࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺ᑐᛂࡍࡿࡇࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞ ࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊᏛ ᖺ⏕௨ୖࡢᏛ⏕ࡽ ேࢆ㑅ᢤࡋ࡚⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡉࡗࡁ࠾ヰࡋࡋࡓࡢࡣࣜ ࣮࣋ࣛࣝࢶ᭩㝔࡛ࡋࡓࡡࠋ␒┠ࡢ᭩㝔ࡣࠊ ᖺ⏕௨ୖࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓࣂ࣮ࢳࣕࣝ᭩㝔࡛ࠊᅜ 㝿Ⓨᒎ᭩㝔ࡤࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᖺ⏕௨ୖࡢᏛ⏕ࡢᅜ㝿ⓗබẸព㆑ࡢ⫱ᡂࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࡇࡣࠊࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ࠾ࡅࡿྎ‴ࡢ❧ሙࡘ࠸࡚ ヰࡍࠊᐇ㊶ⓗᑐヰࡸᐇ㝿ࡢぢᏛゼၥࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡽࡣࠊࡇࡇ࡛⡆₩㏙ࡿࡍࢀ ࡤࠊࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ࠸࠺ᴫᛕࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋᏛ⏕ࡀ⏦ㄳࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢᚋࡇࢀࡽࢆᒚಟࡋ⤊࠼ࡿࠊࡑ ࢀ㛵ࡍࡿᒚಟ༢ࢆಟᚓࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋᅜ㝿Ⓨᒎ᭩㝔ࡣࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ୕ࡘ ┠ࡢࣂ࣮ࢳࣕࣝ᭩㝔ࡣࠊ; ᭩㝔ࡤࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ㸦ࢫࣛࢻ 㸧ࠋ; ࡣᮍ▱ࡶグྕࡶゝ ࠼ࡲࡍࡀࠊࡕࡽࡋ࡚ࡶ୍✀ࡢࢹ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࢀࡒࢀࡀ⮬ศࢆࡇࡢୡ⏺ࡢᑠࡉ࡞ ; ぢ࡞ࡋࠊ୍య⮬ศࡣࡢࡼ࠺≀ᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡅࡤⰋ࠸ࡢࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢ᭩㝔ࡣࠊ ఏᏛ㝔ࠊᩥᏛ⪅ฟ㌟ࡢᩍᤵࡀᢸᙜࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡇࡢேࡣ㠀ᖖ⊂ⓗ࡞ே࡛ࡍࠋᙼࡣ୍ᖺ୰ࠊ ⊂ⓗ࡞ᩍ⫱ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡲࡍࠋᙼࡀ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢࢽࢩࢳࣈࢆྲྀࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡇࡢ࢝ࣜ ࣒࢟ࣗࣛࡣࠊ࠼ࡤࢹࠊ; ィ⏬ࠊ༠ຊ࡞ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢᒚಟ༢ࡀࠊᚋࡶ ᘬࡁ⥆ࡁⓎᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡗ࡚ḧࡋ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ྎ‴ᨻᏛࡢᒎᮃ ⓙࡉࡲ᪉ࠊࢃࡀᰯࡢయⓗ࡞ᯟ⤌ࡳࡀ࠾࠾ࡼࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠊ᥎㐍୰ࡢ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡈㄝ᫂ࡋࡲࡋࡓ㸦ࢫࣛࢻ 㸧ࠋィ⏬ദ⪅ࡣᨻᏛࡢᰯ㛗࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚᭱㧗⤒Ⴀ ㈐௵⪅ࡣࠊᑓ௵ࡢᩍᖌࡀව௵ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ᭱㧗⤒Ⴀ㈐௵⪅ࡢୗࠊඛ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡓ࠸ࡃࡘ ࡢ᭩㝔ࡀぢ࠼ࡲࡍࡡࠋ᪂ධ⏕᭩㝔ࡣࡶࡗࡥࡽᏛ ᖺ⏕ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋ࡚ࠊࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࢆ ᥦ౪ࡋࡲࡍࠋḟࢸ࣮࣐᭩㝔ࡣࠊᏛ ᖺ⏕௨ୖࡢᏛ⏕ࠊࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ⱝᖸ῝࠸ࢸ࣮࣐㛵ࡍ ࡿࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࢆᥦ౪ࡋࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀࡽ᭩㝔ࡣ୕ࡘศࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ᭩㝔ࡢົᐊࡣᖖタࡢ ࢻ࣑ࣥࢫࢱࢵࣇࡀ࠾ࡾࠊᙼࡽࡀࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࡸᚋᢲࡋࢆࡋࡲࡍࠋ᭱㧗⤒Ⴀ㈐௵⪅ࡸィ⏬ദ⪅ࡣࠊ ࡢࡇࢁᩍᖌࡀව௵ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᨻᏛࡣ⌧ᅾࠊᰯົ㆟ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ㡯ࢆ㠃 ⓗไᗘࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᑗ᮶ⓗࡣࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡀᚋᐇࡋࡓ࠸ࡇࠊᙉࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࡇ ࡘ࠸࡚ⓙࡉࡲ᪉ࡈሗ࿌࡛ࡁࢀࡤᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ㸦ࢫࣛࢻ 㸧ࠋ➨୍ࠊᏛ ᖺဨࢆᑅ ఫࡲࢃࡏࠊ᭩㝔ࡢάືࢆ᥀ࡾୗࡆ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ➨ࠊ᭩㝔࣮ࣜ࣋ࣛࣝࢶࡢ࢝ࣜ࢟ ࣒ࣗࣛࢆᚎࠎ㛤タࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡛ࡍࠋඛⓙࡉࡲ᪉ぢ࡚࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓ㏻ࡾࠊࢃࡀᰯࡢ࢝ࣜ ࣒࢟ࣗࣛࡣࡲࡔࡑࢀከࡃࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊᚋࡶࡗቑࡸࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ➨୕ࡣࠊ࠸ࢃࡺࡿ᭩㝔ࡢἲไ࡛ࡍࠋࡢࡇࢁ⚾ࡓࡕࡣࠊ㢮ఝࡋࡓ௵ົ⦅ᡂ࠸࠺᪉ᘧࢆ⾜ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡽ࡛ࡍࠋἲไࢆ⾜ࡗࡓᚋࡣࠊ ᖺ㛫࡛ᑡ࡞ࡃࡶࢽ࣮ࣗྎ‴ࢻࣝ ࢻࣝࠊ᪥ ᮏ࡛⣙ ࢆᢞධࡋࠊࡇࢀࢆ᭩㝔᥎㐍ࡢࡓࡵࡢ⤒㈝ࡋ࡚⏝ࡋࡓ࠸ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡣࡲࡔṇつࡢ㒊⨫࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊṇつࡢ㒊⨫ࡋࡓ࠸ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ᭱ᚋࠊ᭩㝔 Ꮫ㝔ࡢࢶࢽࣥࢢࢆ⾜࠸ࡓ࠸ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᑗ᮶ⓗࡣࠊ᭩㝔⮬యࡀᏛࢆ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡲ࡛ ⓎᒎࡍࢀࡤⰋ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊᏛ㝔⮬యࡣࡶࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ⏕άᏛ⩦ࠊ⏕ά Ꮫ⾡ࢆࡼࡾⰋࡃ⤫ྜࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࢀࡣࠊᨻᏛࡢⱝᖸ㧗࠸ሙᡤࡽᚋᒣࡢࡇࡕࡽഃࢆぢࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡍ㸦ࢫࣛࢻ 㸧ࠋࡇࢀ ࡣ࠸ࢃࡺࡿᒣࡢୖࡢ࢟ࣕࣥࣃࢫ࡛ࡍࠋṔྐࢆ㐀ࡍࡿࡇࡣࠊࡶࡕࢁࢇᐜ᫆࡞ࡇ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲ ࡏࢇࠋ⚾ࡓࡕࡣከࡃࡢヨࡳࢆ⤒ࡓᚋࠊ≀ㄒࢆጞࡵࡓ࠸ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋⓙࡉࡲ᪉ࡈሗ࿌ࡋ ࡓࡼ࠺ࠊᚋࡶࡓࡃࡉࢇࡢ≀ㄒࢆ⤒࡚ࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡣᑡࡋࡎࡘṔྐࢆ✚ࡳ㔜ࡡ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡶࡋࡍࡿᨻᏛࡣࠊ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢ㠃࡛ྎ‴ࡸᮾࢪࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊୡ⏺ᑐ ࡋ࡚≉ู࡞㈉⊩ࢆᯝࡓࡏࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࡶ▱ࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋࡈΎ⫈࠶ࡾࡀ࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࢹࢫ࢝ࢵࢩࣙࣥ ΎỈ㸸 ࠾ヰࢆ࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓ⏦ඛ⏕ࠊᱱඛ⏕ࠊ⬌ඛ⏕ࠊࡑࡋ࡚㒯ඛ⏕ࠊኚ࠶ࡾࡀ࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲ ࡋࡓࠋ⚾ࡽࡣࠊࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࠊᏛᩍ⫱ࡀࡁࡃኚࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢ㝿 ࠊ࣐ࢡࣟ࡞࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࠊୡ⏺ⓗ࡞࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝఱࡀ㉳ࡇࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࠊᅜᐙⓗ࡞࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝఱࡀ㉳ࡇ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᏛࡢ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࢇ࡞ࡇࡀ㉳ࡇࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࠊᗄࡘ ࡢࣞ࣋ࣝ࠾࠸࡚㆟ㄽ࡛ࡁࢀࡤᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ⏦ඛ⏕ࡣࠊᮏᙜᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ືྥࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡓࠊᖜᗈ࠸㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢືྥࡘ࠸࡚࠾ヰࡋ࠸ࡓࡔ ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ⬌ᘓ⳹ඛ⏕ࡣࠊ୰ᅜᅜෆ࡛ࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇ࡘ࠸࡚࠾ヰࡋ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ ࡚ࠊᱱඛ⏕ࠊ㒯ඛ⏕ࡽࡣࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ࠾ࡵࡢᏛ࡛ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᨵ㠉࠸࠺ࠊᐇ㊶ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺Ⅼࡘ࠸࡚࠾ヰࡋ࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࠶࠼࡚ࡲࡵࡿᚲせࡶ࡞࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊࡲࡎ୍ࡘࠊ ேࡢඛ⏕᪉ࡢ࠾ヰࢆఛࡗ࡚ࠊࠊ Ꮫࡀࢱ࣮ࢽࣥࢢ࣏ࣥࢺᕪࡋࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀศࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ࠼ࡤ⏦ඛ⏕ࡢሗ࿌࡛ࡣࠊ ㈨ᩱ 㹼 ࣮࣌ࢪ࡛ࠊᏛࡢᵓ㐀⮬యࡀࡁࡃኚࢃࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ୰࡛ࠊ8QGHUJUDGXDWH ࡢࣞ࣋ࣝ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ◊✲ࡼࡾࡶᩍ⫱ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿ௦࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋ ࡑࢀࡽࠊ⬌ඛ⏕ࡽࡶࠊ୰ᅜࡢᏛࡣᛴ㏿㔞ⓗᣑࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡀࠊ⌧ᅾྲྀࡾ⤌ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡢࡣ㉁ࡢᨵ㠉࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞࠾ヰࢆ࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࠸ࡎࢀࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ ࡀࠊࡁ࡞㌿Ⅼᕪࡋࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡓᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡉ࡚ࠊṧࡉࢀࡓ㛫ࡢ୰࡛ఱࢆ㆟ㄽࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ࠾ヰࢆఛࡗ࡚࠸࡚ࠊయⓗ࡞ ༳㇟࡛ᜍ⦰࡛ࡍࡀࠊᏛࠊ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢᵓ㐀ࡀኚࢃࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ୰࡛ࠊ◊✲ᩍ⫱ࡣ୧᪉ࡶࠊ ᪂ࡋ࠸▱ࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࠊࡁ࡞㌿ࢆồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢ㝿ࠊᚑ᮶ࡢྂ࠸Ꮫࡢࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡣࠊ ◊✲ࠊᩍ⫱ࡣᇶᮏⓗࠊ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣㅮᗙ࠸࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ୍ேࡢࣉࣟࣇ࢙ࢵࢧ࣮ࡀ࠸࡚ࠊࡑࡢୗ ࢯࢩ࢚࣮ࢺࣉࣟࣇ࢙ࢵࢧ࣮ࡀ࠸࡚ࠊຓᡭࡀ࠸࡚ࠊఱேࡢᏛ㝔⏕ࢆᣦᑟࡍࡿ࠸࠺ᙧ࡛ே ᮦ⫱ᡂࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺ᅜ㝿ࡍࡿ୰࡛ࠊ◊✲ࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࠊᩍ⫱ࡢᅾࡾ ᪉ࡶࡁࡃኚࢃࡗ࡚࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡑࡢ୍ࡘࡢ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ࡞ࡿࡢࡀࠊ༠ാ㸦ࢥࣛ ࣮࣎ࣞࢩࣙࣥ㸧ࡔᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋᚋࡢᏛࡢᑗ᮶ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࡁࠊᏛෆ࡛ࡢ◊✲ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ Ꮫࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣୡ⏺ࡢᏛ༠ാࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ᪂ࡋ࠸ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࢆసࡾࠊࡑࡇ࡛◊✲༠ാࢆ ඹࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ᪂ࡋ࠸▱ࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࢆᶍ⣴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࠸࠺ࡇࡀࠊከศࠊ⚾ࡓࡕㄢࡏࡽࢀࡓᚋ ࡢㄢ㢟ࡔᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡑ࠺࠸࠺ព࡛ࠊࡇࢀࡣ⚾ࡢ⪃࠼᪉࡛ࡍࡀࠊࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࠊࡾࢃࡅᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ ࡀ࡚ࡶ㔜せ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊࡑࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࡘ࠸࡚ఱࡈពぢࢆ࠸ࡓࡔࡅࡓࡽᛮ ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ࠼ࡤ࠾ᡭඖࡢ㈨ᩱࡢ ࣮࣌ࢪ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ⌧ᅾࠊ⚾ࡶࡣᮾᏛࢆྵࡵ ࡚ඵࡘࡢᏛ㐃ᦠࢆྲྀࡾ࡞ࡀࡽ◊✲ࢆ⾜࠸ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ඹྠᏛࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆసࢁ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲ ࡍࠋࡇࡇᮏᙜྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࠺࠸࠺ࡇࢆࠊࡦࡘ࠾ఛ࠸ࡋࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢୡ௦ࡣࠊྂ࠸ࢱࣉࡢᏛᩍ⫱࡛ࢺ࣮ࣞࢽࣥࢢࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋඛ⏦ࡋୖࡆ ࡓࡼ࠺ࠊ୍ேࡢᩍᤵࡀ࠸࡚ࠊࡑࡢୗຓᩍᤵࡀ࠸࡚ࠊຓᡭࡀ࠸࡚ࠊᏛ㝔⏕ࡀ࠸࡚ࠊࡑࡢୗ Ꮫ㒊⏕ࡀ࠸ࡿ࠸࠺㛢ࡌࡽࢀࡓୡ⏺ࡢ୰࡛ࢺ࣮ࣞࢽࣥࢢࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊࠊ⎔ቃࡣᛴ㏿ ኚࢃࡾࡘࡘ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࠊࢃࢀࢃࢀࡀࢳࣕࣞࣥࢪࡋࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࢃࢀࢃࢀ ࡢྂ࠸య㉁ࢆᤞ࡚࡚ࠊᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࢆసࢁ࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊࡑࡢ୰࡛◊✲ࢆ ඹࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡇࢀࡶኚᅔ㞴࡞ㄢ㢟࡛ࡍࡀࠊྠඹྠᩍ⫱ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆసࢁ࠺⪃࠼࡚࠸ ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ヰࡀኚ㛗ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ᜍ⦰࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡲࡎࠊࢃࢀࢃࢀࡀ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࢥࣥࢯ࣮ࢩ࣒࠸࠺ࠊࢿ ࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊఱࡈពぢࡀ࠶ࢀࡤ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㉁ၥࡀ᫂☜࡛࡞ ࡃ࡚ᜍ⦰࡛ࡍࡀࠊ࠸ࡀ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ㞴ࡋ࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࠊ⬌ඛ⏕ࠋ ⬌㸸 ΎỈඛ⏕ࡽࡢࡈ㉁ၥᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ⟅࠼ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡣࠊ☜⌧ᅾࡢࡇࡢࡼ ࠺࡞ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝࠊᅜ㝿ࡀ㐍ࡴ♫ࡢ୰࡛ࠊᏛྠኈࡀࡢࡼ࠺ὶࡋࠊࡢࡼ࠺༠ຊ ࡋ࡚ᩍ⫱ࡸ◊✲ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡃࡁࠊࡇࢀࡣ㠀ᖖ㔜せ࡞ၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋᏛࡣࠊ ≉Ꮫࡢከᅜ㛫ὶ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ࠾ࡑࡽࡃࡲ࡛ࡣ㆟ࢆ㛤ദࡋࡓࡾࠊᏛ⾡ὶࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ ࡾࡍࡿࡇࡀከࡗࡓᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢὶࢆ࠸ࡗࡑ࠺῝ࡃ᥀ࡾୗࡆࡼ࠺ࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊ☜ ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡀᚲせࡔᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⚾ಶேࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᮾᏛࡀ⚾ࡓࡕ୍⥴ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ ࡛࠸ࡿࠊࡇࡢඹྠᏛࡢࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡣ࡚ࡶⰋ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡓࡕ୰ᅜ ࡽࡋ࡚ࡳࡿࠊὶࡶⰋ࠸ࡋࠊ୰ᅜࡢᅜෆᏛ㛫࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶὶࡶ༠ຊࡶⰋ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ ࡑࡇࡣఱࡽࡢࡗࡾࡀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊࡑࢀࡣᚲࡎษࡾཱྀࡀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊ ὶࡣⓎᒎࡋ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࢀࡀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ὶࡣࠊࡓࡔⓙ࡛㆟ࢆ㛤ࡃࡔࡅ࡞ ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ㆟ࢆ㛤ࡃࡇࡣ⾲㠃ⓗ࡞ࡇゝ࠼ࡲࡍࠋ῝࠸ὶࢆ⾜࠺ࡣࠊ ࡸࡣࡾࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡀ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ࡛ࡍࡽࠊࡇࡢࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡣゝ࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃࠊ ࡘࡢ㠃ࢆᣢࡗࡓࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ➨୍◊✲ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ᩍ⫱࡛ࡍࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ ࡽࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡣᏛࡔࡽ࡛ࡍࠋᩍ⫱ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࠾࠸࡚ࡇࡢඹྠᏛࡣࠊ㠀ᖖ⣲ᬕࡽࡋ࠸ ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡢࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡣ࠾ࡑࡽࡃࠊ᭱ึΎỈඛ⏕ࡶ࠾ヰࡋࡢ୰࡛㠀ᖖࡣࡗ ࡁࡾ࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ࡛ࡣࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࢆタ⨨ࡍࡿࡍࢀࡤࠊᙜ↛࡞ ࡀࡽẚ㍑ⓗ⡆༢࡞ࡇࡽጞࡵࡿࡁ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ⡆༢࡞ࡶࡢゝ࠼ࡤࠊࡸࡣࡾ ᰯ㛫ࡢ༢ ࡸ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ࡞ࡀẚ㍑ⓗᐇࡀࡋࡸࡍࡃࠊⰋ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࠼ࡤࠊࡇࡇᏛࡀ ᰯ࠶ࡗࡓࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡢ ᰯ୍࡛ࡘࡢඹྠ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࢆᐇࡍࡿࡋࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣⱝᖸ㞴ࡋ࠸ ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ࡛ࡍࡽࡲࡎࡣ ᰯ㛫࡛ࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ඹྠ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡸඹྠᏛྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴࡇ ࡽጞࡵ࡚ࡶⰋ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇࡇࢀ௨እࡶࠊ࠼ࡤࠊ࠸ࡃࡘࡢ◊✲ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇࡶ ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀ࠸࠺ࡢࡶࠊᮾࢪࡣᐇ㝿ࠊඹ㏻ࡍࡿၥ㢟ࡀࡓࡃࡉࢇ࠶ࡿࡽ࡛ࡍࠋᩍ ⫱㠃࡛ඹ㏻ࡍࡿၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊᩥⓗ࡞⫼ᬒࡢ㠃࡛ࡶྠࡌၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ᩍ⫱యไୖࠊ ᩍ⫱ไᗘୖ࡛ࡶ୍㒊ྠࡌၥ㢟ࢆᢪ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊᩍ⫱◊✲ࡢ࠺ࡕ◊✲㠃 ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ༠ຊࡋ࡚ᐇ࡛ࡁࡿྲྀ⤌ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊⓙࡀ୍⥴ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ ࡣࠊඃࢀࡓ◊✲ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺཪࡣ◊✲ㄢ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿྰࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᑡࡋ㛗ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ ࡋࡲ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ⚾ࡢಶேⓗࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࢆ㏙ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ ΎỈ㸸 ࠶ࡾࡀ࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࡛ࡣࠊ㒯ඛ⏕ࠊࡼࢁࡋࡃ࠾㢪࠸ࡋࡲࡍࠋ 㒯㸸 ⚾ࡣࠊඛ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡓࣞࢪࢹࣥࢩࣕࣝ࢝ࣞࢵࢪ⚾ࡓࡕ⮬㌟ࡀ᭶య㦂ࡋࡓࣞࢪࢹࣥ ࢩࣕࣝ࢜ࣇࢫࡢ⤒㦂ࢆࡶࠊᚑ᮶ᆺࡢὶ᪉ἲࡣⱝᖸ␗࡞ࡿࡶࡢࢆᥦ㉳ࡋࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲ ࡍࠋࡑࢀ࠸࠺ࡢࡶࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ⚾ࡓࡕࡢὶࡣࠊᡂᯝࡇࡔࢃࡾ㐣ࡂ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋᚲࡎ࢝ࣜ ࣒࢟ࣗࣛᏛࡀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊࡇࢀࡽࡣ⚾ࡓࡕࡀࡎࡗࠊே 㛫ᛶయཪࡣไᗘయࢆእࠊ࢚ࣜࢿ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ᢈุࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡗࡓ ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ࡛ࡍࡽ⚾ࡢ┠ⓗࡣࠊ᪉ࡀ࡞࠸ࡇ࡞ࡢࡶ▱ࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋࡑࢀ࠸࠺ࡢࡶ⚾ࡓ ࡕࡣࠊ௨๓ࠊΎỈඛ⏕୍⥴⏣⯋⏫ࡢ Ἠ⾜ࡗࡓ㝿ࠊ ࠕయ࠸ࡘ࠸ࡘࡣࡇ࠺࡞ࡿࠖ࡞ ヰࡋྜࡗࡓࡇࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡋࡋ⚾ࡣࠊࡑࡢ㐣⛬ࡀ࠶ࡲࡾㄽ⌮ⓗ㐣ࡂࠊ࠶ࡲࡾᡂᯝ ᚿྥ࡛࠶ࡿឤࡌࡲࡋࡓࠋ࡛ࡣࠊᮏᙜຠᯝࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᐇࡣࡑࢀࡣࢃࡋ࠸࡛ࡍࠋ ࡛ࡍࡽ⚾ࡣࠊ⏕άయ㦂ࢆศࡕྜ࠺ࡇࢆጞࡲࡾࡋ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡀ࡛ࡍᥦࡋࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ ࡲࡍࠋ࠼ࡤࠊኟఇࡳࡸఇࡳࡣࠊከࡃࡢᏛ⏕ࡣࠕ⤯ᑐ࠶ࡢㄢ⛬ࢆಟᚓࡍࡿࡒࠖࠊ ࠕ༢ ࢆྲྀࡿࡒࠖ࡞ࡣ⪃࠼࡚ࡶ࠸ࡲࡏࢇࠋᐇࡣࠊ ࣨ᭶ྎ⾜ࡗ࡚ࠊᏳᚰ࡛ࡁࡿ≧ែ࡛ ࠶ࡕࡽࡇࡕࡽࢆゼࢀ࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀࡀ࡞ࡐ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋᏛࡣࠊᚲ ࡎࡋࡶᡂᯝࢆୖࡆࡿࡇ࠶ࡃࡏࡃࡍࡿᚲせࡣ࡞࠸ࡢࡔᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡶࡋࡍࡿ⚾ࡓࡕࡣࠊ ⏕άࡢྍ⬟ᛶࠊ⏕άయ㦂ࢆศࡕྜ࠺ྍ⬟ᛶࢆ㐀ࡍࡁ࡞ࡢࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡢ ࡼ࠺࡞⏕άయ㦂ࡢศࡕྜ࠸ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊࡑࡢᩥᑐࡋ࡚ࠊཪࡣ⮬ศ⮬㌟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊࡼࡾⰋ࠸ ⌮ゎࢆᚓࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡣእᅾࡍࡿ≀ࢆぢࡿ ࡁࡣࠊᐇࡣእࡢ≀ࢆ㙾ࡋ࡚⚾ࡓࡕ⮬㌟ࢆᫎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ࡛ࡍࡽࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⏕ άయ㦂ࡣ࡚ࡶⰋ࠸ࡶࡢ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋᑗ᮶ⓗ࡞ὶࡢ᪉ྥᛶࡋ࡚⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡃࡇࢆᥦࡋࡲࡍࠋ ⚾ࡓࡕࡣ࠾࠸ᥦ౪ࡋྜࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊࡇࡢࡲࡲ࡛ࡣ⌧ᅾࡢᏛไ㛵ࡍࡿၥ㢟┤㠃ࡍࡿࡇ ࡞ࡃ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ࠼ࡤࠊ࠶࡞ࡓ᪉ࡢᏛᰯ⚾ࡓࡕࡢᏛᰯ࡛ࠊ ࣨ᭶㛫Ꮫ⏕ࢆࡍࡿ ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋᏛ⏕ࡣ⤒㈝ࢆᨭᡶ࠸ࡉ࠼ࡍࢀࡤⰋ࠸ࡇࡋ࡚ࠊࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊ⤒㈝ࢆᨭᡶ࠼࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ ࡅࡲࡏࢇࡽ⤒῭ⓗᅔ㞴࡞ேࡣཧຍྍ⬟ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋࡋࡋࠊ⚾ࡣᑡ࡞ࡃࡶ୍ࡘࡢ ᪉ྥᛶࡣ࡞ࡿᛮ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ⚾ࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࡣⱝᖸ≉Ṧࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊே㛫ᛶ࡞ࡗࡓ⪃ ࠼᪉ࡔᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ΎỈ㸸 ࠶ࡾࡀ࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋඛ⏕ࡣࠊࣞࢪࢹࣥࢩࣕࣝ࢝ࣞࢵࢪ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࠊ⚾ࡽ ὀᩥࡋ࡚࠾ヰࡋࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࢃࢀࢃࢀᏛࡢᩍဨࡀఱ᪂ࡋ࠸ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ ࡁࡣࠊ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶᤵᴗ⛉┠ࢆ࠺ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࢆ୰ᚰ⪃࠼࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇ Ꮫࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ࡞ࡢ࡛ࠊᤵᴗ⛉┠ࡀ୰ᚰ࡞ࡿࡇࡣᙜ↛࡛ࡍࡀࠊᤵᴗࡀᡂࡾ❧ࡘࡓࡵࡣᤵ ᴗࢆᨭ࠼ࡿ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞⤌ࡳࡀᚲせ࡛ࡍࠋࠊඛ⏕ࡀ࠾ヰࡋࡋ࡚ࡃࡔࡉࡗࡓࡼ࠺ࠊ࠼ࡤኟ ఇࡳྎ࡛㐣ࡈࡋ࡚ࡳࡿ࠸࠺ᶵࡣ࡚ࡶ㔜せࡔᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ㏻ᖖࠊࢃࢀࢃࢀࡀ࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗ ࣒ࣛࢆ㛤Ⓨࡍࡿࡁࡣࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ꮫ⏕ࡢ⏕άࡢ㠃ࡲ࡛⪃࠼ࡀཬࡤ࡞࠸ࡇࡀከ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ ඛ⏕ࡽࡈᥦ࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊࣞࢪࢹࣥࢩࣕࣝ࢝ࣞࢵࢪ ࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊࢃࢀࢃࢀࡗ࡚ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡢࡣᴟࡵ࡚ᅔ㞴࡛ࡍࡀࠊ⣲ᬕࡽ ࡋ࠸ࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛࡍࡢ࡛ࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⏕ά㠃ࡶྵࡵࡓᙧ࡛ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ㛤Ⓨࢆ⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ᛮ ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࠶ࡾࡀ࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋᱱඛ⏕ࠊ࠾㢪࠸ࡋࡲࡍࠋ ᱱ㸸 ୍␒࡞ࡇࡣࠊඹྠᏛ࠸࠺࡞ࡽࡤࠊࡑࡇࡣᚲࡎ᰾࡞ࡿࡶࡢࡀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࡇࡢ᰾ࡣࠊ㠀ᖖ༢⣧ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࠊⓙࡀ⾜࠺ࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ ᰾࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࡇࡢ᰾ࡣࠊࡁ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿᚲせࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ⚾ࡓࡕ ࡣ࠸ࡘࡶࠊධཱྀࡣᗈࡃࠊฟཱྀࡣ⊃ࡃࡍࡿࡢࡀရ㉁⟶⌮ࡔゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡀ ࡇࡢィ⏬ᚑࡗ࡚࠸ࡅࡤࠊᑗ᮶ⓗࡣࠊ⬟ຊࡀ࠶ࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊඃࢀࡓᣦᑟຊࢆᣢࡘேࡸࡉࡲ ࡊࡲ࡞ᩥࢆᑛ㔜ࡍࡿேࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋせࡍࡿ⚾ࡓࡕࡣࠊ ᑗ᮶ୡ⏺㈉⊩࡛ࡁࠊ♫㈉⊩࡛ࡁࡿᆅᇦࡢேᮦࢆ⫱ᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡛ࡣࡇ࠺࠸࠺ሙྜࠊࡇࡢ᰾ࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞⬟ຊࡀᚲせࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ⚾ࡣࠊࡇࢀࡀ᭱ ࡶ㔜せ࡞ࡇࡔᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡣ᭱㏆ࠊᛴࡇࢇ࡞ࡇࢆᛮ࠸ࡘࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ᪥ᮏࡣከࡃ ࡢᩍ⫱≉༊ࡀタࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊ࡛ࡣヂࡢศࡽ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀ ࡣࠊỤᡞ௦ࡸ᫂௦࠸ࡗࡓᏛᰯไᗘࡀഛࡉࢀࡿ௨๓ࡢ᪥ᮏࡢᩍ⫱ࡢཎᆺ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡗࡓ ࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࡶ࠺୍ᗘࠊᩍ⫱≉༊ࡢࡇࡘ࠸࡚ヰࡋ࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊไᗘࡀࡁࡗࡕࡾᐃ ࡵࡽࢀࢀࡤᐃࡵࡽࢀࡿࠊᐇᅔ㞴࡛ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㒊ศẼࡀࡘࡁࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡓࡕࡣ࠶ࡲࡾࡶ ⣽࠸ࡇࡇࡔࢃࡾ㐣ࡂ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ࡛ࡍࡽ⚾⮬㌟ࠊ㠀ᖖ▷࠸ᮇ㛫ࠊᑡ࡞ࡃࡶ ᖺ௨ෆࡣᏛᰯࢆタࡋࡓ࠸ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡣࡲ࡛ࡶࠊ༤ኈㄢ⛬ࡸ ࡘࡢಟኈㄢ⛬ࢆ タࡋࡓࡇࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ᪂ࡋ࠸Ꮫ㝔ࡢᘓ≀ࡲ࡛ࡋࡘࡽ࠼࡚ࠊ୍ࡘࡢᆅᇦࡢᩍ⫱࠾ࡅࡿ୍ࡘ ࡢ⪃࠼᪉ኚࢆ࠼ࡓࡇࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ⡆༢ゝ࠼ࡤࠊୖ㔝ᩍᤵࡀ」㞧࡞ࢆ࡚ࡶ༢⣧ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࢆᣏぢࡋࡓࡽ࡛ࠊఱࡼࡾࡶ࡞ࡢࡣࠊࡑࢀࡀ㛫㐪࠸࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡔࡍࢀࡤࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡣࡑ࠺ࡍࡁ࡛ࠊࡲࡎヨࡋ࡚ࡳࡿࡁ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ⚾ࡓࡕࡣᐇࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ ୰࡛ࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞ၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿࢆ▱ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀࡀᤂᅇࡍࡿࡇࡢ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ㄗࡾࡔ ⚾ࡓࡕࡀឤࡌࡿྰ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊㄗࡾࡢ୰࠶ࡿ✀ࡢᏛ⩦ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ⚾ࡓࡕࡣ ⤯࠼ࡎᏛ⩦ࢆ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡃ୰࡛ࠊไᗘࢆ㏿ࡸᨵၿࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋࡑࡇ࡛⚾ࡣࠊ ࡘࡢ㔜Ⅼ㡯ࡘ࠸࡚࠾ヰࡋࡋࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ➨୍ࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡗ࡚ࠊࡇࡢ࠸ࢃࡺࡿඹྠ Ꮫ࠸࠺᰾ࢆసࡾฟࡍࡇࡣࠊࡑࢀ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡇ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ⚾ࡓࡕࡣࡼࡃゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ ࡼࡡࠋᛴᛮ࠸ࡘࡁࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡶゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ࠊ᭱ࡶ࡞ࡢࡣ⚾ࡓࡕࡢᇶᮏⓗ ែᗘ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋேேࡢ㛫ࡢᇶᮏⓗែᗘ࡛ࡍࠋ⚾ࡓࡕࡣ࠾࠸ᑛ㔜ࡍࡁ࡛࠶ ࡿࠊ࠾࠸┦ᡭࡢᩥࢆㄆࡵྜ࠺ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡛ࡍࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊࡇ ࡢᩥࣞࢡࢳ࣮ࣕ࠸࠺ᴫᛕࢆࡇࡇᙜ࡚ࡣࡵ࡚ࡳࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࡢࡢࡇࡣ㠀ᖖ࠺ ࡲࡃྲྀࡾᢅ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡇ࡛⚾⮬㌟ࠊᐇ㝿ࡇࡢᏛ⾜ࡗ࡚ඹྠᏛࢆ タࡋ࡚ࡳࡲࡍࠋࡁࡗࡑࡢࡁࡣࠊࡲࡔྎ‴ࡶ᪥ᮏࡶ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࡀࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ꮫ ࢆᐇ㝿సࡿࡇࡣ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ࡚ࡶ⡆༢࡛ࡍࠋ ࡘࡲࡾࠊྥࡇ࠺ࡢᏛ࡛ࡣ ศࡢ ࡢ༢ࢆ࠼࡚ࡶࡽ࠸ࠊ⚾ࡣ␃Ꮫ⏕࡛ࠊゝㄒࡀࢃࡽ࡞ ࡃ࡚ࡶᙜࡓࡾ๓࡛ࡍࠋⓙࡀゝㄒࡢ㔜せᛶࢆᙉㄪࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊᐇࢆゝ࠼ࡤ⚾ࡣศࡽ࡞࠸ࡽ Ꮫࡪࡢ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊゝㄒࡣࡑࢀ㔜せ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⚾⏦ࡉࢇࠊ⏦ᩍᤵࢆぢ࡚ୗ ࡉ࠸ࠋᐇࡣ⚾ᙼࡣ௨๓ࠊពᛮ㏻ࡀྍ⬟࡛ࡋࡓࠋ⚾ࡣ୰ᅜㄒ᪥ᮏㄒࡣศࡾࡲࡍࡀࠊ㡑 ᅜㄒࡣศࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋᙼࡣ୰ᅜㄒࡶ᪥ᮏㄒࡶศࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ࡛ࡍࡽ⚾ࡓࡕࡣࠊࢇ୍⥴ ࠸ࡿࡇࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡋࡋ࡚ࡶወጁ࡞ࡇࠊ⚾ࡓࡕேࡀ୍⥴࠸ࡿࡁࡣࠊ ពᛮ㏻ࡀ ྍ⬟ࡔࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡋࡋࠊࡇࡇⱥㄒࢆヰࡏࡿேࡀධࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࠊពᛮ㏻ ࡣ ࠊ ࣃ࣮ࢭࣥࢺࡲ࡛ୗࡀࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡢ㛫」㞧࡞せ⣲ࡀࡓࡃࡉࢇ ධࡾ㎸ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿሙྜࡣࠊពᛮ㏻ࡍࡿࡇࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡔࡽࡇࡑࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡣ≀ࢆ ༢⣧ࡍࡁ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣ୍Ⅼ┠࡛ࡍࠋ ࡛ࡣⅬ┠ࠋ⚾ࡣඹྠᏛ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡀࠊᐇࡣࡑࢀ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ⚾ࡓࡕࡣⓙࢆ୍⥴ཧຍࡉࡏࡿࡁ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡓࡔᏛ⏕ࢆ୍⥴࠸ࡉࡏࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࠊࡀ᮶ࢀࡤ ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞≉ᢏࢆᣢࡘࡼ࠺࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢᏛ⏕࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࡇࡇ᮶ࡓ࠸ゝ࠺ࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊ ᐇࡣࠊࡇࡢඹྠᏛࢆぢࡘࡅฟࡍࡇࡉ࠼࡛ࡁࢀࡤࠊ᰾࡞ࡿඹྠᏛࢆぢࡘࡅฟࡋࡉ࠼ࡍࢀ ࡤࠊࡑࢀ࡛༑ศ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡢࡢࡇࡣࠊࡑࢀࡽࢆ᥈ࡋ࡚㞟ࡵ࡚ࡁ࡚ࡃࢀࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊ⚾ࡓࡕ ࡣㄆࡵࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡣࡇࢀࡀ࡚ࡶ㔜せ࡞ࡇࡔᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡓࡕࡣ⎍࡞࢝ ࣒ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࢆタィࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸⏦ࡋୖࡆࡓᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊඛ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡓ㏻ ࡾ࡚ࡶ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡔࡽࡇࡑఱ✀㢮ࡶࡢࣔࢹࣝࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ᪥ᮏ୰ᅜ࡛ࡶⰋ࠸ࡋࠊ ࢝ᅜࠊ ࢝ᅜࠊ ࢝ᅜ࡛ࡶᵓ࠸ࡲࡏࢇࠋ⚾ࡣࡇࡢྍ⬟ᛶᑐࡍࡿ᭱ࡢၥ㢟Ⅼࡀࠊᐇࡣἲつࡔ ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋᐇࡣࠊἲつࡢチᐜࡍࡿ⠊ᅖෆ࡛⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢆ࠸ࡃࡘࡶぢࡘࡅࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ ࡛ࡣࠊ࠺ࡍࢀࡤⰋ࠸ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᐇࡣ᳨ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡋࡋࠊඹྠᏛ ࡢ᰾ࢆ᥈ࡋᙜ࡚ࡉ࠼ࡍࢀࡤࠊࡑࡢࡢ㒊ศࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᯟࢆᗈࡆࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⚾ ࡣࠊࡇࢀࡀ᭱ࡶ㔜せࡔᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢᴫᛕࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊඛ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡓᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ⚾ࡣୖ㔝ᩍᤵࡢᴫᛕࡀࢩࣥࣉࣝࡔᛮ࠸ࠊ」㞧࡞ࡇࢆ༢⣧ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡋ ࡓࠋᐇ⾜ࡋ࡚ࡳࢀࡤࠊࡉ㞴ࡋࡃ࡞࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡈΎ⫈࠶ࡾࡀ࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ΎỈ㸸 ⏦ඛ⏕ࠊࡶࡋఱ࠾ヰࡀ࠶ࢀࡤࠋ ⏦㸸 ⬌ᘓ⳹ᩍᤵᱱᛅ㖭ᩍᤵࡘࡁࡲࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ⬌ᘓ⳹ᩍᤵࡣ ᖺ௨ୖࢃࡓࡾᏛ㛗ࢆ࡞ࡉࡾࠊ ᱱᛅ㖭ᩍᤵࡣ ᖺ௨ୖࢃࡓࡗ࡚Ꮫࡢ⥲㛗ࢆࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࠊࡑࡢ⤒㦂ࢆᇶࠊ㠀 ᖖຊᙉ࠸࠾ヰࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡅࡿࡶࡢᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ 㒯ྠᩍᤵࡣࠊࡲࡓⓎ⾲ࡉࢀࡿࢸ࣮࣐㛵㐃ࡅ࡚ࠊ࠺ࡍࢀࡤᏛ⏕ྠኈࡀ㏆࡙ࡃࡇࡀ࡛ ࡁࡿ࠸࠺ෆᐜ࡛࠾ヰࡋ࠸ࡓࡔࡅࡿࡼ࠺࡛ࡍࡀࠊ ேࡢඛ⏕᪉ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ⚾࡞ࡾࡢ⌮ゎࡢ୰ ࡛ࠊពぢࢆᑡࡋゝࢃࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡅࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊᩍ⫱ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ◊✲ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡀ࠶ࡾ ࡲࡍࠋᩍᤵྠኈ࡛ヰࢆࡋࡲࡍࠊⓙࠊ◊✲ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡘ࠸࡚ࡢヰࡣࡋࡲࡍࡀࠊᩍ⫱ࢿࢵࢺ ࣮࣡ࢡࡘ࠸࡚ࡢヰࡣవࡾࡋ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡛ࡍࠋࡋࡋࠊࢠࣜࢫࡢᏛࡸ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜࡢᏛ ࡢඛ⏕࠸ࡲࡍࠊࠊᩍ⫱ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡢヰ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋᩍ⫱࠾ࡅࡿ༠ຊࡘ࠸࡚㆟ ㄽࡍࡿࡑࢀࡽࡢᅜࠎ࡛ࡣࠊඛⓎ⾲ࡋࡲࡋࡓࡼ࠺ࠊᨻᗓࡀ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᑐࡍࡿண⟬ࢆᖜ ῶࡽࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ እᅜࡢᏛ⏕ࢆཷࡅධࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤᏛࡢ⥔ᣢࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊᩍ⫱ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ㛵 ᚰࡀ㞟ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࢀẚ࡚ࠊࢪࡢᅜࠎ࡛ヰࢆࡍࡿࠊᩍ⫱ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡼࡾ ࡶඛ⏕᪉ࡀ⾜࠺◊✲ὶࢆ࠸㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃࠊࡲࡓࠊ⚾ࡀᖺࠊᮾᏛࡢඛ⏕᪉ヰࡍᶵ ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡶࠊከࡃࡢඛ⏕᪉ࡢ㛵ᚰࡣ◊✲࠶ࡾࠊᩍ⫱ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣవࡾ࠾ᣢࡕ࡛࡞࠸ᵝᏊ ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞㠃ࡽࠊඛ⏕᪉ࡢ㛵ᚰ㡯ࠊࡲࡓඹྠᏛࡀ᥎ࡋ㐍ࡵࡼ࠺ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᩍ⫱ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࢆࠊ࠸ࡋ࡚ㄪࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡃ࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡿᚲ せࡀ࠶ࡿᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ⚾ࡢ᪉୍࡛ࡘ◊✲ࢆࡋ࡚ࡳࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡢᏛࡢሙྜࠊࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡀẚ㍑ⓗࡼ ࡃసࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᆅ⌮ⓗࡶࡑ࠺࡛ࡍࡋᩥⓗࡶඹ᭷࡛ࡁࡿࡇࢁࡀከࡃࠊࡲࡓࠊไᗘⓗ ࡶ࣮࣎ࣟࢽ࣭ࣕࣉࣟࢭࢫ௨㝆ࠊࢻࢶࡢᏛࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡔࠊࡢᅜࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ὶࡀᛮ࠺ ࡼ࠺࡛ࡁࡲࡏࢇࠋࡇࢁࡀࠊ࣓ࣜ࢝ᘧࡢ༢ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆᑟධࡍࡿࠊ࣮࣎ࣟࢽ࣭ࣕࣉࣟࢭ ࢫ௨㝆ࠊὶࡀቑ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ≧ἣ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ࠸ࡲࡔࢪࡢሙྜࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡢሙྜ࡛ࡶࠊ ༢ࠊ ᤵᴗࡢ㛫ࡀ 㛫࡛ࡍࡀࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡣ 㛫࡛ࡍࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊᤵᴗᑐࡍࡿᴫᛕࡀᑡࡋ␗࡞ࡿ ࡽ࡛ࡍࠋ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡢࡼ࠺Ⰽࠎ࡞ࡇࡀᶆ‽ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊึᮇẁ㝵࠾࠸࡚ࡣᅔ㞴 ࡀணࡉࢀࠊࡑࢀࡀ࡛ࡣඛ⏕᪉ࡀඹྠᏛࡔࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࢹ࣮࣡ࣝࢻࢹࢢ࣮ࣜ࡞ࡗ ࡚ࡶࠊ┦ᙜ࡞ࢫࢺࣞࢫࢆឤࡌ࡞ࡀࡽྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡽࡗࡋࡷࡿࡼ࠺ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ⚾ࡣࠊᩍ⫱࠾ࡅࡿ༠ຊ࡛㔜せ࡞ࡇࡣࠊᩍᤵࡀࢀࡔࡅ‽ഛࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡼࡾࡶࠊ ඛⱝᖸヰࡋࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊᏛ⏕ࡢ᪉࡛ࢀࡔࡅ‽ഛ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㔜せ࡞ၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿᛮ࠸ࡲ ࡍࠋᩍᤵഃࡀࢀࡔࡅ‽ഛ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࡣࠊከࡃࡢ᪉ࡀ࠾⪃࠼ࡢࡼ࠺ࠊⱥㄒ࡛ㅮ ⩏ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ᛮࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡇࢀࡣ㈇ᢸࢆឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡽࡗࡋࡷࡿᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡋࡋࠊ ⱥㄒ࡛ࡢㅮ⩏ࢆࠊඛ⏕᪉ᙉせࡍࢀࡤࠊ⚾ࢆྵࡵࠊⓙࡉࢇࡣࠊ࡞ࡾࡢࢫࢺࣞࢫࢆឤࡌࡿࡶ ࡢᛮࢃࢀࡲࡍࠋඹྠᏛ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊࢪࣙࣥࢺࢻࣜࢵࣉ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊⓙࠊᑐࡍࡿᛮ࠸ ࡲࡍࠋᖺࠊ⚾ࡀ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡋࡓࡼ࠺ࠊ⚾ࡀⱥㄒ࡛ㅮ⩏ࡍࡿࠊఏ࠼ࡓ࠸ෆᐜࡢ 㸣ࡋఏ ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡎࠊᏛ⏕ࡣ⚾ࡀఏ࠼ࡓ 㸣ࢆཷࡅྲྀࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࡓࡵࠊ⤖ᒁࠊᩍ⫱ࡢෆᐜࡣ 㸣 ⴠࡕ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑ࠺ࡍࡿࠊ⤖ᒁࡢࡇࢁࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡇࡣఱ࠸࠺ࡇ ࡞ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ඛ⏕᪉ࡣࠊ⌧ᅾ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ㅮ⩏ࢆࡑࡢࡲࡲ⾜࠸ࠊᏛ⏕ࡀࡑࢀࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࢀ ࡤࡼ࠸⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋゝ࠸࠼ࢀࡤࠊ᪥ᮏㄒ࡛ㅮ⩏ࡍࡿሙྜࡣࠊ㡑ᅜࡽ᮶ࡓᏛ⏕࡛࠶ࢀࠊ ྎ‴ࡽ᮶ࡓᏛ⏕࡛࠶ࢀࠊ୰ᅜࡽ᮶ࡓᏛ⏕࡛࠶ࢀࠊᏛ⏕ࡣ᪥ᮏㄒ࡛⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ ࠺ࡍࡁ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡲࡓࠊ㡑ᅜ࡛㡑ᅜࡢᩍᤵࡀ㡑ᅜㄒ࡛ㅮ⩏ࡍࡿሙྜࡣࠊࡑࢀࢆᏛ⏕ࡀ⌮ゎࡍ ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡽ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࠸ࡎࢀࡏࡼࠊᩍᤵࡀ እᅜㄒ࡛ㅮ⩏ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇࡼࡾࡶࠊᏛ⏕ࡀእᅜㄒࢆヰࡏࡿࡁ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡇࡑࠊᤵᴗࡢ㉁ ࡀ୍ᐃ⛬ᗘಖ㞀ࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ㸻 ࡛ 㸣࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ∦᪉ࡔࡅࡀኚࢃࡿࡇ࡛ࠊ㸣ࡢᩍ ⫱ࡢ㉁ࡀಖ㞀ࡉࢀࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠋ⚾ࡣࠊࡴࡋࢁ㏫ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛ࡳࡿࡢࡀ࠸࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠸࠺ ⪃࠼ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋඛ㒯ྠᩍᤵࡀゝࢃࢀࡓࡼ࠺ࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓほⅬࡽぢࡿࠊᏛ⏕ ࡀඹ⏕άࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ⏕άయ㦂ࢆඹ᭷ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽウㄽࢆ⾜࠺࠸࠺ࡇࡣࠊᮾࢪࡢᩍ⫱ࡢⓎ ᒎࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊࡍ࡚ࡢ♫⯡࠾ࡅࡿ༠ຊࡸዲࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢࡓࡵࡶ࡚ࡶᚲせ࡞ࡇ࡛ ࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡀࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡀゝ࠺ࡇࢁࡢࠊᮍ᮶ࡢୡ௦࠾ࡅࡿᣦᑟ⪅ീ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸⪃࠼ࡲࡍࠋ ࡘࡔࡅᩚ⌮ࡋ࡚࠾ヰࡋࡋࡲࡍࠊ୍ࡘࡣඹྠ⏕άࢆࡍࡿࡇࡣᮏᙜᚲせ࡞ࡇ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡶ ࠺୍ࡘࡣࠊᩍᤵࡢഃⱥㄒ࡛ㅮ⩏ࡍࡿ㈇ᢸࢆ㈇ࢃࡏࡿࡼࡾࡶࠊྛᅜࡢゝㄒࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ ࡁࡿࡼ࠺Ꮫ⏕ࡓࡕࢆ୰ᚰࡋ࡚㐍ࡵ࡚ࡳࡿࡢࡣ࠺⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ΎỈ㸸 ࠶ࡾࡀ࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࠊࣇࣟࡽࡈពぢࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣឤ࡛ࡶᵓ࠸ࡲࡏ ࢇࡢ࡛ࠊᗄࡘ࠾ヰࢆ࠸ࡓࡔࡅࡓࡽᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡈពぢࠊࡈឤࡢ࠶ࡿ᪉ࡣᣲᡭࢆ࠾㢪࠸ࡋࡲ ࡍࠋ࠸ࡀ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ேࡢඛ⏕᪉ࡽኚᖜᗈ࠸ᙧ࡛ヰ㢟ᥦ౪ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔ࠸࡚ࠊ࡞࡞↔Ⅼࡀ⤠ࡾࡃ࠸ ࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊ࡞ࡓ࠸ࡀ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ࡛ࡣࠊᐑ⭜ඛ⏕ࠋ ᐑ⭜㸸 ேࡢඛ⏕ࠊ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁࢻࣂࢫࢆ࠸ࡓࡔࡁ࠶ࡾࡀ࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ᪥ࠊ㒯ඛ ⏕ࡽࡢࣞࢪࢹࣥࢩࣕࣝ࢝ࣞࢵࢪࡢ࠾ヰࢆఛ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊࡇࢀࡣ≉ࡲ࡛ࡢࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮࡛ࡣึ ࡵ࡚ฟ࡚ࡁࡓヰ㢟ࡔࡗࡓᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡋࡋࠊࡇࢀࡣ㠀ᖖ㔜せ࡞ࢸ࣮࣐࡛ࠊ⏦ඛ⏕ࡽࡶ࠾ ヰࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡼ࠺ࠊᏛ⏕ྠኈࡀඹ⏕άࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ☜Ꮫ⏕ࡢ⾜ືࢆᩍဨࡀࡼࡾ Ⰻࡃ⌮ゎࡍࡿࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊᩍဨᏛ⏕ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࢆࡉࡽⰋዲࡍࡿ࠸࠺ព࠾࠸࡚ࡣࡶ ࡕࢁࢇ࡛ࡍࠋࢪࣙࣥࢺࢹࢢ࣮ࣜ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࢲࣈࣝࢹࢢ࣮ࣜࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㠀ᖖ 㔜せ࡞どⅬࡔ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࠊ࣓ࢽࢸࡶྵࡵ࡚ࠊᏛ⏕ࡀ᪥ᖖ⏕ά࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝὶࢆᅗࡗ࡚࠸ ࡅࡿ⎔ቃࢆࡘࡃࡗ࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋఱ୍ࡘࡢࢸ࣮࣐ࢆ᰾ࡋ࡚㞟ࡲࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ ࡚ࠊᏛ⏕ࡢ᪥ᖖ⏕άࡢ୰ࡽၥ㢟ࢆⓎぢࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࠸࠺ࡇࡣࠊ㠀ᖖ㔜せ࡞ほⅬ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸ ࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ ᩍᤵゝㄒࡶࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣⱥㄒ࡛ࡸࡿ࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࠊ⏦ඛ⏕ࡢࡈᣦࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࡼ࠺ࠊ ௬ࡇࡕࡽࡽ୰ᅜࠊྎ‴ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㡑ᅜ⾜ࡗ࡚⏕άࡍࡿሙྜࡣࠊⱥㄒࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ⏕ά࡛ࡁ ࡲࡏࢇࠋ᪥ᖖⓗ࡞⏕άࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡇࢁ࡛ᏳࢆឤࡌࡿᏛ⏕ࡶ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡛ࡍࡽࠊᑡ࡞ࡃࡶᏛ⏕ࡢ᪉ࡽゝㄒࢆ✚ᴟⓗ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇࡀ➨୍Ṍࡔ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࠊ㠀 ᖖ㔜せ࡞ᣦࢆ࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࡇࡽḟⓎᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡢࡣࠊ◊✲ᩥ⊩࡞ࡾᅗ᭩ࡢᩚഛࡔ⚾ࡣᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡶᮾ ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊᮾࢪᆅᇦ㛵ࡍࡿࠊࡾࢃࡅᩍ⫱㛵ࡍࡿᡂᯝࡣࡲࡔࡑࢀከࡃ࡞࠸ ࡼ࠺ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡀⱥㄒ࡛ࡶㄞࡵࡓࡾࠊࡢࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢゝㄒ࡛ࡶㄞࡵࡓࡾ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࠊ ࠾࠸ᅗ᭩ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᏛ⾡ᅗ᭩࡞ࠊࡶ࠺ᑡࡋᖜᗈࡃᩥ⊩ࢆᩚഛࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࠊࡑࡋ࡚Ꮫ⏕ࡀ࠸ ࡘ࡛ࡶࡑࢀࢆᡭ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࠋࡍࡄࡣㄞࡵ࡞࠸ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ㛵ᚰࢆᣢࡘࡁࡗࡅࢆࡉࡽ 㧗ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃࡓࡵᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ࠸ࡎࢀࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ᭱ᚋಟኈㄽᩥࢆ᭩ࡃ࠸ ࠺ࡇ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᩥ⊩ࡀᚲ㡲࡞ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࡢ࡛ࠊࢃࢀࢃࢀࡋ࡚ࡣࡑࢀࢆ✚ࡋ࡚ ࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࢀࡽࠊே≀࠸࠺ほⅬࡽࡍࡿࠊࠊ≀࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞࠾ヰࢆࡋࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊࡶ࠺୍ࡘࠊ ேࡢὶࡣࠊᏛ⏕ྠኈࡢὶࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࡋࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊࢃࢀࢃࢀᩍဨࡋ࡚ࡢὶࡶࡶࡕࢁࢇ ࡛ࡍࠋࡋࡶࠊ⏦ඛ⏕ࡽࡈᣦࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡼ࠺ࠊ◊✲ὶ࠸࠺ゅᗘࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊᏛ⏕ࢆ ࡽ࠼ࡿどⅬ࡞ࡾࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᩍᤵἲ࡞ࡾ࠸࠺㠃࡛ࡢὶ࠸࠺ࠊ࠾࠸ࡢࣀ࢘ࣁ࢘ࡢࡶ ᚲせᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡣࠊົࢧࢻ࡛ࡢὶ࡛ࡍࠋ⤌ࡳ࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࢆ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡃୖ࡛ࠊົ⫋ဨࠊ ົᐁࡢὶࡀᚲせ࡛ࡍࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓேࡓࡕࡢὶࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ⤌ࡳࢆ࠺ᩚ࠼࡚࠸ࡅࡿࠊ┦ ࠺ࡲࡃసࡗ࡚࠸ࡅࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࢁࡶⓎᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡋࠊࡋࡶࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡇࢁࢆົ ᐁࡢ᪉࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁࡈᑾຊ࠸ࡓࡔࡃࡇࡶከࡃ࡞ࡿᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋయࡋ࡚ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆసࡗ ࡚࠸ࡃୖ࡛ࠊேࡢὶ༠ຊࠊࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࠊࡑࢀࡽ≀࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࠊ◊✲ࡢタ࡞ࡾࠊ ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡓࡼ࠺࡞ᅗ᭩ࡢᩚഛ࡞ࡾࠊࡑࡇࢆྠⓗ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡀᚲせࡔᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀ ࡣࡍࡄࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊᑡࡋࡎࡘ✚ࡳ㔜ࡡ࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡶ࠶ࡿᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡽ ᐇ㝿ࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆసࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࢆᐇࡋ࡚࠸ࡃẁ㝵ྥࡅ࡚ࠊࡽព㆑ⓗᩚഛࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ ᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᮏ㒓㸸 ඛ⏕᪉ࠊ࠶ࡾࡀ࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ᪥ࠊඛ⏕᪉ࡢ࠾ヰࢆ⪺࠸࡚ࠊ᭱ᚋࢪࣙࣥࢺ ࢹࢢ࣮ࣜࡣ㞴ࡋࡃ࡞࠸ඛ⏕᪉ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡔ࠸࡚ࠊ࡚ࡶᚰᙉࡃᛮ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋඛΎỈ ඛ⏕ࡢヰࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊࢃࢀࢃࢀࡀ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࢪࣙࣥࢺࢹࢢ࣮ࣜࡢ୰࡛㔜どࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡶࡢࡋ࡚ .$63㸦.QRZOHGJHࠊ$WWLWXGHࠊ6NLOOࠊ3UDFWLFH㸧ࢆᣲࡆ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊࡇࡢ୰࡛ᅜ㝿 ⓗ࡞ࢪࣙࣥࢺࢹࢢ࣮ࣜࢆసࡿࡁ࣏ࣥࢺ࡞ࡿࡢࡣࠊࡸࡣࡾ $WWLWXGH 3UDFWLFH ࡛ ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ.QRZOHGJH ࡸ 6NLOO ࡣࠊ࠶ࡿពࠊẕᅜㄒ࡛カ⦎ࡋࡓ᪉ࡀࡼຊࡀࡘ ࡁࡲࡍࠋูࣥࢱ࣮ࢼࢩࣙࢼ࡛ࣝࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶຊࡣࡘࡅࡽࢀࡿࡶࡋࢀࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊᅜ㝿ⓗඹྠ Ꮫ࡛࡞࠸ຊࡀࡘࡅࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡢࡣࠊࡸࡣࡾ $WWLWXGH 3UDFWLFH ࡔᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢⅬ࡛ࡣࠊ ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡀࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢⱥㄒྡ࡛ࠊ*OREDO ࠸࠺▷࠸⏝ㄒ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ ,QWHUQDWLRQDOO\0LQGHG ࠸࠺㛗࠸⏝ㄒࢆࡗ࡚ࠕᅜ㝿ⓗࠖ࠸࠺ࡇࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊࡇࡢ $WWLWXGH 3UDFWLFH ࢆࡼࡾ㔜どࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡽ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࡢព࡛ࠊ᪥ࠊඛ⏕᪉ࡽ࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓඹྠ⏕άࡢၥ㢟ࠊࡑࢀࡽࠊ⏦ඛ⏕ࡽࡶ࠸ࡓࡔ ࠸࡚⚾ࡶࡗࡋࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊᩍဨࡀⱥㄒࢆᏛࡪࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚Ꮫ⏕ࡀᏛࡪ࠸࠺ࠊᴟࡵ࡚⌧ᐇⓗ ࡛ࠊࡼࡾ᭷ຠ࡞᪉ἲ࡛ࠊࡇࢀࡣࡲࡉ 6NLOO ࡢၥ㢟ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ$WWLWXGH ࡢᙧᡂࡢࡇࢁ࡛ࡶࠊ ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢゝㄒࢆᏛ⏕ࡀᏛࢇ࡛࠸ࡃࡇࡣ࡞せ⣲࡞ࡢ࡛ࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡇࢁࢆྲྀࡾධࢀࡓ ࡶࡢࢆࠊᱱඛ⏕ࡀ࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡗࡓࡼ࠺ࠊࡲࡎࡣ⡆༢࡛ࡁࡿࡇࢁࡽࠊ㞴ࡋࡃ⪃࠼࡞࠸࡛ࠊ ࢃࢀࢃࢀ⮬㌟ࡀ 3UDFWLFH ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡼ࠺࡞᪉ྥࡀ࡞ࡢࡔࠊ᪥ࡣ࠶ࡽࡓࡵ࡚ຊᙉࡃឤࡌ ࡲࡋࡓࠋ࠶ࡾࡀ࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ ΎỈ㸸 ࠶ࡾࡀ࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ࠶࠾୍ேࡄࡽ࠸ࠊࡈពぢࢆࠋ࡛ࡣࠊ᭷ᮏඛ⏕ࠊ࠾㢪࠸ࡋࡲ ࡍࠋ ᭷ᮏ㸸 ΎỈඛ⏕ࡢ㌟㏆࡞ࡇࢁ࠸ࡘࡶ࠾ࡾࡲࡍࡢ࡛ࠊ⿵㊊ࡋ࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋΎỈඛ ⏕ࡣࠊ,QWHUFXOWXUDO6WXGLHV ࠸࠺ࡇࢆゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸࡚ࠊࡑࡇ࡛ࠊࢧࣈࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࢆ㝖ࡍࡿ ࡇࡣ࡞࠸ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⚾ࡶࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ࠸࠺ࡇࢆ⪃࠼࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊ ▱㆑ࡢࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ࡣ㠀ᖖศࡾࡸࡍ࠸ࡢࡀ ,&7 ࡸ 6FLHQFH ࡸ 0DWK ࠸࠺࠶ࡓࡾ ࡛ࡍࠋ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊᅜ㝿⌮ゎࡸࢩࢳࢬࣥࢩࢵࣉ࠸ࡗࡓࡇࡶ࠶ࡿᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ୍᪉࡛ࠊࡑ࠺࠸࠺♫ࡢ▱㆑ࡣูಶࠊᩍ⫱ࡢศ㔝࡛ࡣ≉ಶேࡢⓎ㐩࠸࠺ࡇࡀ࠶ࡾ ࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀࡣࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣝ࡞Ⓨ㐩࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡾࠊᚰ㌟ࡢᗣ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡾࠊࢭࣝࣇ࢙࢘ࢿࢫࡢࡼ ࠺࡞ࡇࠊࣇ࣮ࣜࣥࢢࠊே㛫㛵ಀ࠸ࡗࡓࡇࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋᩍ⫱ࡣࡑࡢ୧᪉ࢆ࢝ࣂ࣮ࡍࡿࡢ ࡛㠀ᖖ」㞧࡞ࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊࡑࡢ୰࡛ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࣛࣥࢤ࣮ࢪ࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࡀฟ࡚ࡁࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࢀࡣㄞࡳ᭩ࡁࡢࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡣ㐪࠸ࠊ⏦ඛ⏕ࡀ࠾ࡗࡋࡷࡗࡓࡼ࠺ࠊヰࡋࡓࡾ⪺࠸ࡓࡾ࠸ ࠺ࡇࡀࠊⱥㄒ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ᪥ᮏㄒࡸẕᅜ࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤ㞴ࡋ࠸࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ ᘬࡁࡇࡶࡾࢆⱥㄒ࡛ఱゝ࠺࠸࠺ࠊVWD\LQGRRU ࡸ VWD\DWKRPHࠊUHWLUH ࠸࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣ UHWLUH ࡣࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡏࢇࠋࡲࡔࢡࢸࣈືࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⚾ࡢᑓ㛛࡛ࡣࠊࢡࣛ ࢸࣜ࠸࠺⏝ㄒࡶࠊⱥㄒ࡛ࡣ &ULWHULD ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ᪥ᮏㄒヂࡍࡢࡣ㠀ᖖ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡑ ࡇࡣ࢝ࣝࢳ࣮ࣕࡸࢹ࣋ࣟࢵࣉ࣓ࣥࢺࡢၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ㠀ᖖ㞴ࡋ࠸ࠋ࡛ࡍࡽࠊᩍ⫱ศ㔝ࡢ ඹྠᏛࡣ㠀ᖖ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡢࡔᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀࢆఱ୍Ṍ࡛ࡶṌ࡛ࡶ๓㐍ࡵࡓ࠸࠸࠺ ᛮ࠸࡛࠸ࡿࡢࡀࠊΎỈඛ⏕ࡔᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ΎỈ㸸 ᭷ᮏඛ⏕ࠊࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࢆ࠶ࡾࡀ࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋ 㛢ࡢᣵᣜ ᮾᏛᏛ㝔ᩍ⫱Ꮫ◊✲⛉◊✲⛉㛗 ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࣭࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ ୖᇣ 㧗ᚿ ᪥ࡣ༙᪥ࠊእࡣᐮࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ࣍ࢵࢺ࡞㆟ㄽࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁᮏᙜ࠶ࡾࡀ࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ ࡲࡋࡓࠋᅇࡣࡓࡲࡓࡲ ேࡢᐈဨࡢඛ⏕ࡀ࠸ࡽࡗࡋࡷࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࠊྛᅜࡢᏛࡢࢆ⪺ࡅ࡚ ኚຮᙉ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ ⏦ṇ᧔ඛ⏕ࡽࡣࠊ࠸ࡘࡶࡢࡼ࠺ࡁࢀ࠸࡞ࢫࣛࢻ࡛ࠊṔྐࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡓࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ࡞ୡ⏺ ࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡀศࡾኚຮᙉ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ࠶ࡾࡀ࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋᱱᛅ㖭ඛ⏕ࡣࠊ⟶ ⌮⪅ࡋ࡚࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ࡶࡢࢆసࡾୖࡆࡓ⤒㦂ࢆ⪺ࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔ࠸࡚ࠊ㠀ᖖຮᙉ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࠶ࡾࡀ࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⬌ᘓ⳹ඛ⏕ࡣࠊ୰ᅜࡢ᭱᪂ࡢࢆ⪺ࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࠊኚཧ⪃ ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ࠶ࡾࡀ࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࢀࡽ㒯ྠඛ⏕ࡣࠊࡇࡕࡽࡽࡢࣜࢡ࢚ࢫࢺࡔࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠊࣞࢪࢹࣥࢩࣕࣝ࢝ ࣞࢵࢪ㸦᭩㝔ᩍ⫱㸧ࡣྡ๓ࡔࡅࡣ⪺࠸࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ୰㌟ࡀᑡࡋぢ࠼ࡓࡢ࡛ኚຮᙉ࡞ࡾࠊ ཧ⪃࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ ᱱඛ⏕ࡸ⏦ඛ⏕ࡢ࠾ヰኚຬẼ࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ⚾ࡀᱱඛ⏕ᢞࡆࡅࡓ࠾㢟ࡔࡗࡓࡼ࠺ ࡛ࡍࡀࠊ࢝࢘ࣥࢱ࣮࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡲࡓ⚾㏉ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔ࠸࡚ࠊ᭷ຠ࡞ࢥࢆࡁࡕࢇぢᐃࡵ ࡚ࡸࢀࡤ࠸࠸ࡢࡔ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࠊ㠀ᖖຬẼ࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡓᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࡑࢀࡽ᭩㝔ᩍ⫱ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࢃࢀࢃࢀࡶࢪࣙࣥࢺࢹࢢ࣮ࣜ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࡕࡽ࠸࠺ ㅮ⩏ࢆࡁࡗࡕࡾࠊ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࢆࡗࡕࡾసࡿ࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞࣓࣮ࢪ࡛ࡋࡓࡀࠊ᭱㏆ࠊࡇࡕ ࡽࡢ⪃࠼᪉࡛ࡣࣇ࣮ࣝࢻ࣮࣡ࢡࢆ┒ࡾ㎸ࡴ࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡢ࡛ࠊ㒯ྠඛ⏕ࡢゝࢃࢀࡓ⏕άࢆ ඹྠయ㦂ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ㠀ᖖ㏻ࡌࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮ࠸ࠊྛᅜࡢඛ⏕ࡶྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞ࡇࢆ ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛Ᏻᚰࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ 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notonlyinresearch,butalsoineducation DeepenthenetworkofscholarsthroughthedevelopmentofJointDegree program TOHOKUUniversity GraduateSchoolofEducation communicationbetweenstudents䠖 promotingamoreinternationaloutlook FosteringagreaterawarenessamongstJapaneseandotherEastAsianstudentsoftheregionaland internationalchallengesthatconfrontfutureeducationalleaders todevelopgreaterinterͲculturalunderstanding Vice Leader of AJP Program SHIMIZUYoshifumi Inordertodevelopastrongnetworkbasedonsharedlearningexperiences,ajointdegreeismuch moreeffectivethancreditexchangeprogramsorshortͲtermstudyabroad 1 Why do we choose East Asia䠛 What is internationally-minded educational professional Ჹ rapideconomicgrowth,rapidincreaseofinternationalstudents ᧭᧪The people we need: 䞉scholars capable of undertaking comparative analysis of ᧭᧪the people we need educational issues in East Asia 䞉scholar䠖can analyze Asia’s present situation 䞉policymakers and administrators with the knowledge and skills 䞉educational administrator䠖have international required to collaborate with partners across the region perspective and can do great jobs in policy making 䞉leader teachers䠖 practicing educators capable of engaging with 䞉leader teacher䠖 can recognize problems and can improve researchers, policymakers and other practitioners effectiveness in educational practices ᧮᧪ The abilities we aim to foster (KASP): ᧮᧪ the ability 䞉high professional knowledge (Knowledge) 䞉high level of knowledge and skills as well as value 䞉an understanding of Asia (Attitude) 䞉the understanding of Asia 䞉research skill & languages 䛂mother tongue䠇English䠇Į䛃(Skill) 䞉research level & language ; mother tongue䠇English䠇Į 䞉networking and information exchange (Practice) 䞉make an open human network and send information internationalstudentswillincreaserapidly number:2,000,000(2010) ї 5,000,000(2025) StrengtheningeducationallinkswithinEastAsiainacontextofgrowingdiversity significantsimilaritiesaswellasdifferenceswithintheregionmakeitafascinatingareatostudy JapanȷChinaȷKoreaȷTaiwanȷASEAN10 nations䠇ɲ FosteringtalentedpeoplestogetherwiththecooperationinEastAsiaandASEAN 80%oftheinternationalstudentsinTohokuUniversity:fromAsia IRUHFDVW᧶WKHQHHGVRIGLIIHUHQWDUHDV ᧤XQLW SHRSOH᧥ 8000 7RKRNX8QLYHUVLW\ LQWHUQDWLRQDO VWXGHQWVಬPRWKHUFRXQWULHV᧤᧡᧥ 7000 UVCTGC %JKPC⊦.RUHD ⊦ 6CKYCP 6000 PF CTGC ASEAN QDWLRQVDQG FRXQWLHVDURXQG 5000 2.5 0.1 3.0 6.5 Africa ࣇࣜ࢝ Middle East ୰㏆ᮾ Africa ࣇࣜ࢝ Oceania ࢜ࢭࢽ TFCTGC ⁁⁚⁗‒⁓⁗⁓ North America ⡿ 82.6 UNESCO etc. International civil servant International educational professionals Scholar Education administration Leader teacher Teacher Low ᧭᧪(GXFDWLRQDODGPLQLVWUDWRUVSROLF\PDNHUVDQGWHDFKHUVDUHJHQHUDOO\WKHSURGXFWVRIYHU\LQZDUG ORRNLQJQDWLRQDOO\EDVHGV\VWHPV ᧮᧪ 6FKRODUVDQGWKHVWDIIVLQLQWHUQDWLRQDORUJDQL]DWLRQVDUHODUJHO\RULHQWHGWRZDUGV(XURSHDQGWKH 86$ ዘWKHUHLVPRUHDZDUHQHVVRIGHYHORSPHQWVLQ(XURSHDQGWKH86$WKDQWKRVHLQ$VLD Middle east ୰㏆ᮾ ༡࣓ࣜ࢝ 6RXWK1RUW$PHULFD 2000 International liquidity High There are not any systems for fostering such professionals at present. Asia ࢪ 2.4 Europe ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ 3000 ዘ WKHV\VWHPRIIRVWHULQJSHRSOHIDFLQJWR(DVW$VLDLVZHDN ዘ VWDIILQLQWHUQDWLRQDORUJDQL]DWLRQVFRQFHUQHGZLWKHGXFDWLRQKDYHWHQGHGWREHLQWHUHVWHGSULPDULO\LQಯHGXFDWLRQDO GHYHORSPHQWಬUDWKHUWKDQLQLVVXHVPRUHUHOHYDQWWR(DVW$VLD Latin America ୰༡⡿ Europe ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ Asia ࢪ 1000 0 2.9 Oceania ࢜ࢭࢽ 4000 current situation about raising talented people The sort of professionals we need: Acontinuingboominstudyabroad 2000 2 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 This implies a pressing need for a program that aims to foster researchers, 3 policymakers and educators with a specifically ‘East Asian’ focus What’s the content of Joint Degree˛ How to establish it ? Consortium SeoulNU NCCU NTNU KoreaU BeijingNU EastChinaNU Preparatory NanjingNU 4 5 ㈨ᩱ How to establish it ? Basic Concept How to establish it ? Curriculum Todevelop1lecture EastAsiaInterculturalStudies incollaborationwithpartnerinstitutes Fieldwork 1Largeconceptas‘Umbrella’ SummerCourse 2Underthisconceptwecanincludeeducationand educationalpsychology 3Notexcludesubjectsarea 6 7 Summer Course in 2012 22August– 29August(8days) 2subjects ChildandyouthinAsia(15hours) SchoolsinAsia(15hours) 7professorsfrom7universities 11studentsfrom6universities 8 9 How to establish it ? Curriculum Todevelop1lecture incollaborationwithpartnerinstitutes Fieldwork SummerCourse 10 11 ㈨ᩱ Infancy Child Support Room in the Earthquake Disaster Policy in Child Support Room Childhood Adolescence Adulthood 15 age 5 age 1.Supportintime: Ͳ supportthechildrenforatleast10years. CIG 2.Supportinrelations: Ͳ Samecounselorscontinuetosupport. CIG 3.Supportinculture: Ͳ supportthechildrenincooperationwith localpeople. 4.Supporttothepeoplearoundthechild Ͳ supportnotonlythechildbutalsothe peoplearoundthechild(fosterparents, nurseryteachers,schoolteachers,etc.) CIG Number of the orphans that are lower than a high school student in Miyagi, is 1,009 in total䠊 132 (children who lost 䠾䡋䡐䡄 parents䠅 877 (children who lost one parent) 12 13 CIG Support for ten years Fieldwork 2012.09.08 Minamisanriku Rikuzentakada Kesennuma 14 15 Fieldwork Build up a Research Base in Tohoku University –Child Support after the East Japan Great Earthquake Disaster- Dean Graduate School of Education facultymeeting DivisionResearchDepartments Projectrepresentative 1.Philosophy,HistoryandAnthropologyofEducation 2.PolicyScienceofEducation 3.AdultandContinuingEducation 4.LearningandInstruction 5.HumanDevelopment 6.ClinicalPsychology 7.Design,MeasurementandAssessmentinEducation (concurrentlythetopofEducationNetworkCenter) ProjectGeneralMeeting ProjectSteeringGroupMeeting Project Particular Scholar 2 Visiting scholars/lecturers 2䡚4 Education and Research Support staff 2䡚3 Field 䠳䡋䡎䡇 Office worker 1 Human Development Education Policy Observation Interview Questionnaire Discussion Report Adult and Continuing Education 6 majors Learning and Instruction 16 Human Development Design, Measurement and Assessment in Education 17 LocalReproduction SchoolReconstruction DisasterEducation ImprovementinAcademicAbility PsychologicalSupport ㈨ᩱ Overall Project Plan, 2011-15 HumanResourcesandBudget 1stterm 2011 16000 0 䕿 ProjectGeneralMeeting 䠄18teachingstaffs䠅 䕿 ProjectSteeringGroupMeeting 䠄9 teachingstaffs䠅 0 12000 7860 equipment タഛ㈝ 0 EXGJHt 㐠Ⴀ㈝ 8000 320 4510 4030 7KHGHYHORSPHQWRI-RLQWGHJUHH3URJUDP᧤,QIRUPDWLRQFROOHFWLRQE\6KRUW7HUPSURJUDP᧥ Establishment oftheProgram Summer CourseProgram StartofJointͲdegreePilot Program 8060 0 ே௳㈝ ODERU ᖺᗘ 䠍䠍 䠍䠎 䠍䠏 3rd term 2014䡚2015 2ndterm 2012䡚2013 䠍䠐 䠍䠑 Researchandconsultationconcerningthedevelopmentoftheprogram Project Particular Scholar 䠎 䠎 䠎 䠎 䠎 development research Guest Lecturer 䠎 䠎 䠎 䠐 䠐 basicresearch Education and Research Supporter 䠎 䠎 䠎 䠏 䠏 office worker 䠍 䠍 䠍 䠍 䠍 JointͲdegree developmentresearch FRVWV 3720 4000 7300 5000 7300 5000 3200 2011 0 2012 2013 2014 2015 basicresearch seminars/workshopsregularly international cooperation Total: 564 million yen ᖹᡂ23ᖺᗘ ᖹᡂ24ᖺᗘ ᖹᡂ25ᖺᗘ ᖹᡂ26ᖺᗘ ᖹᡂ27ᖺᗘ JointͲdegree 18 buildup thebase )RUPDQGGHYHORSDQLQWHUQDWLRQDOQHWZRUNZLWKSDUWQHUXQLYHUVLWLHVDQGUHODWHGLQVWLWXWLRQV SUHSDUDWLRQH[SDQVLRQRIWKHHGXFDWLRQ QHWZRUNFHQWHU 5HILQHDQGGHYHORSWKHIXQFWLRQV RIWKH HGXFDWLRQQHWZRUNFHQWHU %XLOGXSDV\VWHPIRU VXVWDLQLQJWKHQHWZRUN 19 7KH5LSSOH(IIHFWRI5HVHDUFK5HVXOWV /HYHOVRIFROODERUDWLRQDPRQJVWXQLYHUVLWLHV BuildupaJointDegreeProgramResearchBase Promoteanddeepenanetworkofinteresteduniversitiesandscholars Level1 Systematicallypilotthejointdegreeprogram Level2 DevelopanErasmusMundusͲstyleprograminEducationforEastAsia ResearchCommunication(Exchange) Agreementbetweenuniversityfaculties StudentCommunication(Exchange) EnhanceAttractivenessofHigherEducationinEastAsia Level3 CreditExchange DoubleDegree TransferKnowͲhowtoOtherResearchAreas Level4 JointDegree 䠄regardingtheestablishmentandmanagementofaJointdegreeProgram䠅 20 21 HigherEducationinEastAsiatomorrow: InsearchoftheJointDegreeProgram HigherEducationinEastAsiatomorrow: InsearchoftheJointDegreeProgram Changingworld,changingHigherEducation; 4impacts ` ForeseeingtheHE(HigherEducation)inAsia tomorrow ` (1)Internationallevel Ͳ HEwithoutboundaries Ͳ CenterofExcellence(COE) Ͳ NewNetworktogenerateanewtypeofknowledge Ͳ Braingainandbraindrain? (1)Globalizationandmobility (2)WorldClassUniversity(WCU)?InsearchofCOE (3) Learningoutcomes;ShiftfromResearchtoEducation (4)Internationalcollaboratingprograms Shin(2012),Teichler(2012),Shimizu(2012a) 22 23 ㈨ᩱ HigherEducationinEastAsiatomorrow: InsearchoftheJointDegreeProgram HigherEducationinEastAsiatomorrow: InsearchoftheJointDegreeProgram ForeseeingtheHEinAsiatomorrow ` ForeseeingtheHEinAsiatomorrow ` (2)Nationalordomesticlevel Ͳ Separationresearchinstitutesanduniversities ChangesinHEandSciencepolicy (3)Institutionallevel Ͳ Separationresearchandeducation moreresearchͲorientated moreeducationͲorientated generaleducation trainingforvocation? Ͳ Separationresearchandeducation Changesincurriculumpolicy Ͳ DevelopinternationalͲorientatedcourse Shimizu(2012b) 24 25 HigherEducationinEastAsiatomorrow: InsearchoftheJointDegreeProgram HigherEducationinEastAsiatomorrow: InsearchoftheJointDegreeProgram ForeseeingtheHEinAsiatomorrow ` ForeseeingtheHEinAsiatomorrow ` (4)Internationalcollaborativeprogram Ͳ COE(researchͲorientated)Model Ͳ MutualBenefitModel Ͳ DevelopmentͲSupportModel Ͳ BusinessͲorientatedModel Ͳ ValueͲorientatedModel Isitpossibletoestablishanewprogram,whichisnot businessͲorientatedmodel? EastAsianvalues? Themostimportantthingisnotaprofit,butavalue.Wemay notbeabletoproduceaprofit.ButIbelievethatwecan produceavalue. Shimizu(2012c) 26 27 ㈨ᩱ ㅮ ₇ 㸯 Contents The Future of University in Post-Massification - Redesigning Teaching and Research Systems - Jung Cheol Shin 1 Post-massification and Knowledge Society 2 Teaching and Research Systems 3 Teaching and Research in Post-massification (Associate Professor, Seoul National University) (Visiting Associate Professor, Tohoku University) Higher Education East Asia Tomorrow, Feb. 21, Tohoku University Higher Education East Asia Tomorrow, Feb. 21, University Higher Education East Asia Tomorrow, Feb.Tohoku 21, Tohoku University 1. Post-massification and Knowledge Society 1. Post-massification and Knowledge Society 1.1. University Development in Knowledge Society 1.2. University Development: Teaching and Research Egalitar ianism Mass higher education Postmassification WCU in postmassification Elite university World-class University Elitism Global Rankings Economic Crisis Globalization Source: Jung Cheol Shin & Ulrich Teichler (forthcoming), The Future of University at the Crossroads in Postmassification. Higher Education East Asia Tomorrow, Feb. 21, University Higher Education East Asia Tomorrow, Feb.Tohoku 21, Tohoku University Source: Jung Cheol Shin & Ulrich Teichler (forthcoming), The Future of University at the Crossroads in Postmassification. Higher Education East Asia Tomorrow, Feb. 21, University Higher Education East Asia Tomorrow, Feb.Tohoku 21, Tohoku University 1. Post-massification and Knowledge Society 1. Post-massification and Knowledge Society 1.3. Three Stages of Modern University Development 1.4. Different Functions of Modern University Functions Elite HE Main Actors Value-orientation Professor Excellence Massification Academic Manager Assuring Quality WCU Academic Freedom Management Students Research . national issue . local issue . basic/pure > applied . Applied & pure . Applied>pure . long-term research . Long & short term . Short>long term . by public fund . by public/private . public/private . national leader . local leader . Know. trans & creativity . Know trans>creativity . liberal arts< . liberal arts & Student Satisfaction College Experience Teaching . creativity . liberal arts Research>Teaching> Administration Roles of Academics Research = Teaching= Administration • Res. Productivity • Teaching-res. Nexus • Pure/basic>applied • Pure/basic<applied Local-class University . global issue . global leader Keywords National-class University Post-massification Research<Teaching= Administration • From Teaching to learning • Pure/basic<applied <development Service Source: Jung Cheol Shin & Ulrich Teichler (forthcoming), The Future of University at the Crossroads in Postmassification. Higher Education East Asia Tomorrow, Feb. 21, University Higher Education East Asia Tomorrow, Feb.Tohoku 21, Tohoku University subject knowledge subject knowledge . Global>national>local . National>global>local . Local>national>global . non for profits . non/for profits . non/for profits . indirect service . direct/indirect . direct/indirect Source: Jung Cheol Shin & Ulrich Teichler (forthcoming), The Future of University at the Crossroads in Postmassification. Higher Education East Asia Tomorrow, Feb. 21, University Higher Education East Asia Tomorrow, Feb.Tohoku 21, Tohoku University ㈨ᩱ 2. Teaching and Research Systems 2. Teaching and Research Systems 2.1. Three Systems 2.2. Theoretical Model for Teaching and Research A System Model for Teaching and Research Research Teaching Research & Teaching Research Teaching FWCNU[UVGO KPVGITCVGFU[UVGO ITCFWCVG WPFGTITCFWCVG Source: Shin, J., Arimoto, A., Cummings, W. K., & Teichler, U. (Eds.). (forthcoming). Teaching and Research in Contemporary Higher Education: Systems, Activities, Nexus, and Rewards. Springer Higher Education East Asia Tomorrow, Feb. 21, University Higher Education East Asia Tomorrow, Feb.Tohoku 21, Tohoku University Higher Education East Asia Tomorrow, Feb. 21, University Higher Education East Asia Tomorrow, Feb.Tohoku 21, Tohoku University 2. Teaching and Research Systems 2. Teaching and Research Systems 2.3. Typology: CAP data 2.3. Typology: CAP data Based on Full-time Academics in University Sector Data 19 countries from the five continents More than 800 cases from each country Administrated the same survey questionnaires in 2007 or 2008 Source: Shin, J., Arimoto, A., Cummings, W. K., & Teichler, U. (Eds.). (forthcoming). Teaching and Research in Contemporary Higher Education: Systems, Activities, Nexus, and Rewards. Springer Higher Education East Asia Tomorrow, Feb. 21, University Higher Education East Asia Tomorrow, Feb.Tohoku 21, Tohoku University 8 Higher Education East Asia Tomorrow, Feb. 21, University Higher Education East Asia Tomorrow, Feb.Tohoku 21, Tohoku University 9 2. Teaching and Research Systems 2. Teaching and Research Systems 2.3. Typology: CAP data 2.3. Typology: CAP data Profiling of Clusters K-means Cluster Analysis 80.00 Types Higher Education Systems 70.00 60.00 Research Focused Systems (8 systems) Germany, Japan, Italy, Netherlands, Finland, Norway, Australia, Argentina Teaching Focused Systems (4 systems) US, China, Malaysia, South Africa 50.00 Research-focused 40.00 Balanced systems 30.00 Teaching-focused 20.00 Balanced Systems (7 systems) UK, Canada, Portugal, Korea, Mexico, Brazil, Hong Kong 10.00 0.00 Research preference Time for research Job satisfaction (%) (%) Job Stress (%) Publication (article) Source: Shin, J., Arimoto, A., Cummings, W. K., & Teichler, U. (Eds.). (forthcoming). Teaching and Research in Contemporary Higher Education: Systems, Activities, Nexus, and Rewards. Springer Source: Shin, J., Arimoto, A., Cummings, W. K., & Teichler, U. (Eds.). (forthcoming). Teaching and Research in Contemporary Higher Education: Systems, Activities, Nexus, and Rewards. Springer Higher Education East Asia Tomorrow, Feb. 21, University Higher Education East Asia Tomorrow, Feb.Tohoku 21, Tohoku University 10 Higher Education East Asia Tomorrow, Feb. 21, University Higher Education East Asia Tomorrow, Feb.Tohoku 21, Tohoku University 11 ㈨ᩱ 3. Where We Are? 3. Where We Are? 3.1. Teaching: Massification or Post-Massification? 3.2. Research: Should We Publish More (Article, ISI)? Post-massification: Tertiary enrollment rate (2010) 2WDNKECVKQP Source: Jung Cheol Shin & Ulrich Teichler (forthcoming), The Future of University at the Crossroads in Postmassification. Higher Education East Asia Tomorrow, Feb. 21, University Higher Education East Asia Tomorrow, Feb.Tohoku 21, Tohoku University 12 ;GCT Source: Jung Cheol Shin & Ulrich Teichler (forthcoming), The Future of University at the Crossroads in Postmassification. Higher Education East Asia Tomorrow, Feb. 21, University Higher Education East Asia Tomorrow, Feb.Tohoku 21, Tohoku University 13 3. Where We Are? 3. Where We Are? 3.3. Resource Inputs: Education vs. Research 3.4. Resource Inputs in Tertiary Education (2000 – 2009) 5.0 100.0 R&D Exp. (% of GDP) 4.5 IL 4.0 KR 3.5 USA 2.5 AU 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 CL 84.4 83.1 84.4 80.0 SE JP 3.0 88.2 90.0 FI SI UK IE EE CZ PT SP IT HUNZ TK PL SK GR FR BE NLCA 67.7 70.0 DK DE CH AU IS Year2000 60.0 49.9 50.0 NO LU Year2009 45.4 38.5 40.0 38.1 35.3 30.0 23.3 29.6 26.1 31.1 20.0 MX 0.0 10.0 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 0.0 Public Tertiry Exp. (% of per capita GDP) Australia Source: Jung Cheol Shin & Ulrich Teichler (forthcoming), The Future of University at the Crossroads in Postmassification. Higher Education East Asia Tomorrow, Feb. 21, University Higher Education East Asia Tomorrow, Feb.Tohoku 21, Tohoku University 14 France Germany Japan Korea UK US Source: Jung Cheol Shin & Ulrich Teichler (forthcoming), The Future of University at the Crossroads in Postmassification. Higher Education East Asia Tomorrow, Feb. 21, University Higher Education East Asia Tomorrow, Feb.Tohoku 21, Tohoku University 15 3. Where We Are? 3. Where We Are? 3.5. Growth of Private Sector (2000 – 2009) 3.6. Resource Inputs in Research: Pure/Applied/Development 70 90.0 78.878.6 80.0 79.980.7 60 50 70.0 60.0 40 Year1998 Pureresearch Appliedresearch 50.0 30 Developmentresearch Year2010 40.0 20 26.227.5 30.0 10 19.7 20.0 13.0 12.5 0 7.5 10.0 5.5 US Japan Korea Australia France Norway Italy 0.6 0.0 Australia France Germany Japan Korea UK US Source: Jung Cheol Shin & Ulrich Teichler (forthcoming), The Future of University at the Crossroads in Postmassification. Higher Education East Asia Tomorrow, Feb. 21, University Higher Education East Asia Tomorrow, Feb.Tohoku 21, Tohoku University 16 Source: Jung Cheol Shin & Ulrich Teichler (forthcoming), The Future of University at the Crossroads in Postmassification. Higher Education East Asia Tomorrow, Feb. 21, University Higher Education East Asia Tomorrow, Feb.Tohoku 21, Tohoku University 17 ㈨ᩱ 4. Hypothetical Model in Post-massification 4. Hypothetical Model in Post-massification 4.1. University Education System in Post-massification 4.2. Education System in Post-massification Undergraduate / Graduate Education / Research Graduate Graduate Undergraduate Undergraduate Graduate education/ Pure research Undergraduate education (Education research) High High Middle Middle Elementary Elementary Applied research Development Research <Before Post-massification> Source: Jung Cheol Shin & Ulrich Teichler (forthcoming), The Future of University at the Crossroads in Postmassification. Higher Education East Asia Tomorrow, Feb. 21, University Higher Education East Asia Tomorrow, Feb.Tohoku 21, Tohoku University 18 <After Post-massification> Source: Jung Cheol Shin & Ulrich Teichler (forthcoming), The Future of University at the Crossroads in Postmassification. Higher Education East Asia Tomorrow, Feb. 21, University Higher Education East Asia Tomorrow, Feb.Tohoku 21, Tohoku University 19 4. Hypothetical Model in Post-massification 5. Concluding Remarks 4.3. Education and Research System in Post-massification • Development res. • (Applied research) Research Institution Graduate “The book is not about how to enhance the ranking status of an institution, nor how to devise better ranking systems….” • Professional training In JC Shin, R.K. Toutkoushian, & U Teichler (eds.), University Ranking (2011) • Pure /(Applied research) “Authors highlight some unintended side effects of WCUs … What is inte resting from a sociological point of view is that many researchers are rat her skeptical about the idea of WCUs and global rankings.” • Teaching focused Tertiary • Research for Teaching • Regionally-embedded High In JC Shin & B. M. Kehm (eds.), Institutionalization of World-class University (2013) Middle “We set out to discuss and analyze in order to propose university ideals f or the ‘third wave,’ but we ended at the ‘crossroads’ because the new ph enomena confronting the contemporary university are too complicated.” Elementary < Research Institution > <University> In JC Shin & U. Teichler (eds.), The Future of University at the Crossroads in Post-massif ication (forthcoming) Source: Jung Cheol Shin & Ulrich Teichler (forthcoming), The Future of University at the Crossroads in Postmassification. Higher Education East Asia Tomorrow, Feb. 21, University Higher Education East Asia Tomorrow, Feb.Tohoku 21, Tohoku University 20 Higher Education East Asia Tomorrow, Feb. 21, University Higher Education East Asia Tomorrow, Feb.Tohoku 21, Tohoku University 21 ㈨ᩱ ㅮ ₇ ⚳晃⊾̬̋̒͌⣏⬎̯ 䣦㚫̩⛘㕡̬⮦͌̚⼡√ 㸰 • • • --⎘㜙⣏⬠̯ἳ͓ᷕ⽫̬-- ᶨ.⚳晃⊾̬敊͌̚㔁做㓧䫾 Ḵ.⎘㜙⣏⬠̯㤪㱩 ᶱ.⣏⬠̯䣦㚫̩⛘㕡̬⮦͌̚⼡√ ఉ۸ሎȐѠܿεᏢ௲ȑ 1 ᶨ. ⚳晃⊾̬敊͌̚㔁做㓧䫾 㔁做⚳晃⊾ㆸ䁢⎘䀋㔁做䘤⯽䘬慵溆ᷳ ᶨˤ z 3112ԃȠε䗄௲ࡹػқҜਜȡ喕啴啻喵 Ȩε䗄௲ػ㡚ሞϯόىȩ喼ࡰᄔ z 3114ԃ9Д37ВՉࡹଣȨ௲ׯၠڐፓ ൔȩ喼໒啷ǴȨֻᢀଯ௲ػБਢȩ喕啴 啮喐ǴȨך㡚ε䗄ᝡݾΚϷ֎ЇѦ㡚䗄ғޑ ౣȩ喼ගрǶ z 4/3115ԃ8Д39В喕Չࡹଣଣ喑ଣߏࡰҢǺ ȨѦ㡚䗄ғٰѠ੮䗄㢞εȩǴȨ㡚ৎ喘ว ख़㧀ी㣣喼Ε営ȩ z ˕ͨΥΰΈΣ̫䪞 䪞䇕̯̬ᷕ炻㔁做⚳晃 ⊾̯婚柴ͅ⛘➇̯䈡⿏͓䓇̘̠̌⍾ ⚳⭞̧̩̘慵天̫㓧䫾̩̫͋炻 䳬̫̪⚳ ⎘䀋̓ἳ⢾̨̰̫̅ˤ ˕⎬⚳⃰忚⚳̩㭼庫̩͌̚炻⎘䀋̯㔁 做⚳晃⊾̯䘢嵛̰忭̧͍̠̅ˤ 2 3 21 ᶾ䲨̬̋̒͌⎘㸦̯℔㮹̰⚳晃䘬夾慶 ͓㊩̠̫͍̱̫̫̒͊̅炻⚳晃⍪ᶶ̩⚥ 晃䘬䪞䇕̯⭇≃͓幓̬̥̫͍̱̫̌̒͊ ̫̅ˤ z ⬎㟉㔁做ỻ䲣̬̰䧵㤝䘬̬⚥㮹⍲̴⛘➇ ̯⚥晃⊾͓⋼≃̘̫͍̱̫̫̒͊̅ˤ z ⬎㟉㔁做̯̬ᷕ炻䔘㔯⊾̯⮲慵̩⊭⭡͓ 㔁̫͍̱̫̫̉̒͊̅炻Ṣ̩ṢͫΗΝ ͩΰͰΟΫͅΰΘΧΰ̫̪̯ͧ傥≃͓ z 2011⸜̬˪ᷕ⮷⬠⚳晃㔁做㓧䫾䘥䙖㚠˫ ℔ⶫ炻㖶䡢䘬㊯䣢炻⮷ᷕ⬠̓ˬ⚳晃⊾˭ ̬⮦⾄̺̎̚ˤ z ˬͨΥΰΈΣ⊾˭怠㑯̨̰̫̐炻䎦⭇̩ ḳ⮎̨̃͌ˤ z ˬͨΥΰΈΣ⊾˭̩Ṳ⼴⎘㸦̯䘤⯽̩䚜 ㍍敊ᶶ̧̨̘̯̅͌炻㔁做䎦⟜̬̰⚳晃 㔁做͓⮦⾄̘̫͍̱̫̫̒͊̅ˤ z 4 5 2011 4 — Study-in-Taiwan Enhancement Program 2012 6 7 8 9 10 11 ㈨ᩱ ⾲ ྎᮾᏛእᅜὶ⥾⤖ᰯ୍も⾲ Country USA 伶⚥ Sister schools Sister schools California State University, Fullerton ≈ⶆⶆ䩳⣏⬎Fullerton↮㟉 University of Hawai‘i at MƗnoa ⢷⦩⣟⣏⬎ University of the West 大Ἦ⣏⬎ California State University, Long Beach ≈ⶆⶆ䩳⣏⬎攟⟌↮㟉 堐 ྎᮾᏛ୰⳹ேẸඹᅜᏛࡢᏛ⾡⥾⤖ᰯ ᷕ㔯㟉⎵(劙㔯) ᷕ㔯㟉⎵(劙㔯) Wheelock College ⦩㉱⬎昊 ⊿Ṕⷓ䭬⣏⬎Beijing Normal University 椾悥ⷓ䭬⣏⬎Capital Normal University Graduate School of Education, Tohoku University 㜙⊿⣏⬎⣏⬎昊㔁做⬎䞼䨞䥹 Sendai University ẁ⎘⣏⬎ 㜙⊿ⷓ䭬⣏⬎Northeast Normal University 㱛⋿⣏⬎Henan University 㾳春ⷓ䭬⣏⬎ShenYang Normal University 惕ⶆ⣏⬎ZhengZhou University Biwako Seikei Sport College 㖍㛔䏝䏞㷾ㆸ已橼做忳≽⣏⬎ Tenri University ⣑䎮⣏⬎(2012⸜4㚰䯥妪⁁⾀抬) 㴁㰇ⷓ䭬⣏⬎ZheJiang Normal University 嗕ⶆ⣏⬎LanZhou University KOREA 杻⚥ Sunchon National University 枮⣑⣏⬎ Silla University 㕘伭⣏⬎ ᶲ㴟ⷓ䭬⣏⬎ShangHai Normal University 嗕ⶆ䎮ⶍ⣏⬎LanZhou University of Technolog 暚⋿ⷓ䭬⣏⬎Yunnan Normal University 㖮㖶⬎昊KunMing University UK 劙⚥ The Institute of Education, University of London, UK ΐ㔎⣏⬎㔁做⬎昊 暚⋿⣏⬎Yunnan University 㴟⋿ⷓ䭬⣏⬎HaiNan Normal University INDONESIA ⌘⯤ Udayana University ⍀ⲞUdayana⣏⬎ ⺋大ⷓ䭬⣏⬎Guangxi Normal University 㱛⋿䥹㈨⣏⬎Henan University of Science and Technology TURKEY ⛇俛℞ Ataturk University 旧⟼⚾⣏⬎ ⺋大㮹㕷⣏⬎Guangxi University for Nationalities ᷕ⚥枛㦪⬎昊China Conservatory VIETNAM 崲⋿ The University of Social Science & Humanities- Vietnam National University in HCMC 傉⽿㖶⚥⭞⣏⬎Ṣ㔯䣦㚫⣏⬎ MALAYSIA 楔Ἦ大Ṇ Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR) ㉱㚤⣏⬎ JAPAN 㖍㛔 College of Foreign Language- University of Da Nang Ⲝ㷗⣏⬎⢾婆⬎昊 昄大ⷓ䭬⣏⬎Shaanxi Normal University 厗ᷕⷓ䭬⣏⬎HuaZhong Normal University 大⋿⣏⬎Southwest University ⺋ⶆ⣏⬎Guang Zhou University ⣏䎮⬎昊Dali University 湼⋿㮹㕷ⷓ䭬⣏⬠ 12 ฟ㸸ྎᮾᏛ ◊✲Ⓨᒎฎᅜ㝿ົࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸦2012ᖺ/03/13㸧 ฟ㸸ྎᮾᏛ ◊✲Ⓨᒎฎᅜ㝿ົࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸦2012ᖺ/03/13㸧 13 ᶱˣ⎘㜙⣏⬠⮵䣦㚫⛘㕡䘤⯽ 䘬≇傥 ⢾⚥婆̯㘖⍲ ⢾⚳婆傥≃㣄⭂ z ⚳晃⊾̬敊͌̚㔁做婚䦳̯攳⁔ z ⛘㕡̯⮷ᷕ⬎㟉̬㴟⢾⬎㟉̩̯Ṍ㳩̬敊 ͌̚⋼≃ z ⛘㕡⚥晃⊾̬敊͌̚Ṣ㛸梲ㆸ͓⋼≃̫̪ z z z 14 ⎘㜙⣏⬠̧̬̋̅䣦㚫̩⛘㕡䘤⯽̯⚳晃 㔁做̬⮦̧̘̫ᷣ⋼≃̯㕡⺷烉 15 1. ˬ⚳晃Ṍ㳩ḳ⊁ᷕ⽫˭̍姕䩳̖͍ˣ⚳ 晃Ṍ㳩̬敊͌̚ḳ枭͓䴙㊔͌̚ˤ z 2. ˬ妨婆㔁做ͳΫͷΰ˭͓姕䩳炻̖̗̿ ̿ˬ⢾⚳妨婆˭̬敊͌̚婚䦳͓攳⁔͌̚. 3.ˬ䣦ỂṢ⣏⬎昊˭͓攳姕炻䎦⟜㔁ⷓ̩䣦 ỂṢ͓⮦尉̧̬̘⚥晃⊾̯㔁做ℭ⭡͓慵 夾̩͌̚⎴㗪̬㴟⢾̯夳⬎̬̓≈̉͌ˤ z 4. ⚥晃㔁做̬敊͌̚ˬ怈嶅暊㌰㤕˭̩͜ Ϋΰͷ΅ͻ͓忂̧̘⚥晃Ể嬘̬⽭天̫ ㈨埻͓⋼≃͌̚ˤ z z 16 17 ㈨ᩱ 5.ˬ㴟⢾㔁做夳⬎˭̯ẩ䓣ͅˬ⚳晃Ể嬘˭ ͓攳⁔̩̫̪͓͌̔̚⋼≃͌̚ˤ z 6.㴟⢾⬠埻⋼⭂㟉̬⮦̧̘炻䃉㕁̨ᷕ⚥婆 㔁ⷓ̯㳦怋ˤỷ⯭̯㍸ὃ̍⽭天 7.㴟⢾⬎埻⋼≃㟉̯⎬䧖̯⬠埻䞼䨞婧㞍͓ ⋼≃ˤ z 8. ˬ⮰㤕妻䶜⍲̴奒┬娎⎰˭̯⟜͓㍸ ὃ͌̚ˤ㡺䎫ˣ⮬䭕ˣ㝼忻ˣ嵮㊛忻ˣ⮬ 㑲ˣ慵慷̃̓ˤ z z 18 19 㛔ͯΫΕͰ͞Θ̰̘̠̔̇ ˬ⎘㸦⍇ỷ㮹㕷̯枛㤥̩㔯 ⊾˭͓;ΰΖ̬̘̠ˣ㖍㛔 ̨㚨⇅̯⚥晃ͯΫΕͰ͞Θ ̨̃͌ 9.⚳晃⬎埻ͯΫΕͰ͞Θ͓ℙ⎴攳⁔͌̚䞼 妶㚫ˤ⣑䎮⣏⬠̫̪ˤ z 10.Ṍ㎃瀛⬠̯㊉⣏烉⬎㟉Ḱ䬿̨䋶⬠潘͓ 姕̒͌ˤ⎴㗪̬⬠䓇̯↢⚳橼槿͓⤐≙̚ ͌ˤ z 11. ⬠䓇⢾⚥婆傥濘͓檀͂͌妰䔓ˤ⢾⚥婆 㩊⭂⎰㟤̯⤐≙炻⋺㤕㜉ẞ̧̩̘̯傥≃ˤ z 20 21 㜙⊿⣏⬎ 22 23 ㈨ᩱ Ѡܿε䗄㡚ሞ௲ػ㸷䟃 䠄䠅Չࡹ㢢㜾Ǻ3122ᖺ䛻㡚ሞҬࢬ٣୍嗜嘔嗠嘙䜢 ẍᶲ炻͐̍⎘㜙⣏⬎͓≒≃̧̘̅͌㕡⎹ ̨̃͌̍ˣ̕⍪侫̬ㆸ̧̡̤̖̐̅ˤ̫ ̋ˣṲ⚆̯ͯΫΕͰ͞Θ̨̖̗̫̿̿䣢 ⒮̡͓̠̠͉̬̅̎̐̇㛇⼭̧̘̅͌ˤ z ̠̿.̯̔㨇Ể̡͓̠̠̅̅㜙⊿⣏⬠㔁做 ⬠䞼䨞䥹̯䘮㦀͓デ嫅̯シ͓䓛̘ᶲ̠̓ ̩̅⬀̙̿̚ˤ z 䠄Β䠅䁥߯ݤೕ Ȑ2ȑ㡚ҥѠܿε䗄䗄ғр㡚অዛ䗄ߎᒤݤ Ȑ3ȑ㡚ҥѠܿε䗄䗄ғҙፎр㡚অዛշ䗄ߎѦ㡚 ᇟૈΚനեྗ Ȑ4ȑ㡚ҥѠܿε䗄Ѧ㡚䗄ғዛշ䗄ߎ㡷ࡼा㧀 Ȑ5ȑ㡚ҥѠܿε䗄۳㡚ѦҬඤ䗄ғբा㧀 Ȑ6ȑ㡚ҥѠܿε䗄㸷䟃䗄ೌࣴࢲز㡷ࡼᒤݤ 24 25 䛹䛖䛮䛤ᣦᑟ 26 ㅮ ₇ 㸱 ୰ᅜ䛻䛚䛡䜛㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᨵ㠉 䛾᪂䛯䛺ືྥ ㈨ᩱ ж 㜂Ქ ༡ிᖌ⠊Ꮫᩍ⫱⛉ᏛᏛ㝔ᩍᤵ ⬌ ᘓ ⳹ ྎ 2013 1 2011ᖺ䛾⤫ィ Ꮫ䚸▷ᮇᏛ䠄୰ᅜ䛷㧗➼ᑓ⛉Ꮫᰯ䚸㧗 ➼⫋ᴗᢏ⾡Ꮫ㝔䠅2409ᰯ Ꮫ䚸▷䛾ᅾᏛ⪅ᩘ䛿2308.51䚸༞ᴗ ⏕䛿608.16 ಟኈㄢ⛬ᅾᏛ⪅ᩘ䛿137.46䚸༤ኈㄢ⛬ ᅾᏛ⪅ᩘ䛿27.13䚸ಟኈᏛ䜢ྲྀᚓ䛩䜛⪅䛿 37.97䚸༤ኈᏛ䜢ྲྀᚓ䛩䜛⪅䛿5.03 1990ᖺ௦௨᮶䚸୰ᅜ䛾㧗➼ᩍ⫱䛔䛚䛔䛶䛥 䜎䛦䜎䛺ኚ䛜㉳䛣䜚䛴䛴䛒䜛䚹䛭䛾䛺䛛䛻䚸 ᭱䛺≉ᚩ䛸䛺䜛䛣䛸䛿䚸㔞ⓗ䛺ᣑᙇ䛷䛒䜛䚹 2 3 5 Ꮫ䚸▷ᅾᏛ⪅ᩘ Ꮫ䚸▷᪂ධᏛ⪅ᩘ 4 ㈨ᩱ ൘ᆖ⪅ᮠ ᒤᏛ㝔⏕ᅾᏛ⪅ᩘࡢ⤫ィ ಟኈᅾᏛ⪅ᮠ ঊ༛ᅾᏛ⪅ᮠ зӪ 㧗➼ᩍ⫱ධᏛ⋡ ᒤԭ 6 7 8 9 10 11 㧗➼ᩍ⫱䛾ᵓᡂ䛻䜒䚸䛝䛺ኚ䛜䛒䛳䛯 ㈨ᩱ 䛂㧗ᩍ30᮲䛃 䛂㧗ᩍ㻟㻜᮲䛃䛸ᨵ㠉䛾᪂ືྥ ᩍ⫱㒊䛾㧗➼ᩍ⫱䛾㉁䜢㠃ⓗ䛻㧗䜑䜛 䛻㛵䛩䜛ⱝᖸពぢ ᮉ㛢䜘ޣҾޘ䶒ᨀ儈儈ㅹᮉ㛢䍘䟿Ⲵ㤕 ᒢ㿱˄ᮉ儈[2012]4ਧ˅ 12 13 15 17 䠄䠍䠅యⓗ䛺┠ᶆ 㔞ⓗⓎᒎ䜘䜚㉁䛾㔜ど ྛᏛ䛜䛭䜜䛮䜜䛾≉Ⰽ䜢Ⓨ䛩䜛䛣䛸 䜢ಁ㐍䛩䜛 14 䠄䠎䠅ᩍ⫱ ேᮦ⫱ᡂ䛾㉁䛾ᇶ‽䛾ᩚഛ ᑓᨷ䛸ேᮦ⫱ᡂ䛾ᵓ㐀䛾᭱㐺 ேᮦ⫱ᡂ䝟䝍䞊䞁䛾㠉᪂ Ꮫ㒊ᩍ⫱䛾ᇶ♏⨨䛾ᅛ䜑 Ꮫ㝔ᩍ⫱䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾ᨵ㠉 ᐇ㊶ᩍ⫱䛾ᙉ ᴗ᪂ᩍ⫱䛸ᑵ⫋ᣦᑟ䝃䞊䝡䝇䛾ᙉ ᛮᨻᩍ⫱䛾ᨵၿ ᩍ⫱ホ౯ไᗘ䛾ᩚഛ 16 ᩍ⫱㒊䛿2012ᖺ䛻䚸Ꮫ㒊ᩍ⫱䛰䛡䛻8൨ඖ 䠄⣙120൨䠅ᢞධ ᑓᨷᩍ⫱ᨵ㠉ᣐⅬ180ಶ䚸1ಶ150ඖ䚸 ィ2.7൨ඖ Ꮫ㒊⏕ᴗ䚸䜲䝜䝧䞊䝅䝵䞁䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖 16300ಶ䚸1.63൨ඖ 䝛䝑䝖බ㛤ᤵᴗ⛉┠350ಶ䚸1ಶ20ඖ ㈨ᩱ ிᏛ 200 Ύ⳹Ꮫ 1000 Ṋ₎Ꮫ 1450 ୰ᒣᏛ 400 ⳹༡⌮ᕤᏛ 1000 ᆅ᪉ᨻᗓ䜒Ꮫ㒊ᩍ⫱䜢㔜ど䛩䜛䚹 Ụ⸽┬䛻䛿䚸㔜Ⅼᑓᨷᩍ⫱ᣐⅬ560ಶ䚸1ಶ 60䠉80ඖᢞධ 18 19 䠄䠏䠅⛉Ꮫ◊✲ 䛂2011ィ⏬䛃 ༠ྠ䜲䝜䝧䞊䝅䝵䞁䛾᥎㐍 Ꮫ䛾⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡䜲䝜䝧䞊䝅䝵䞁⬟ຊ䛾ྥୖ Ꮫ䛾♫⛉Ꮫ䛾⦾ᰤ Ꮫ䛾◊✲⟶⌮䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾ᨵ㠉 Ꮫ䛾⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡䜲䝜䝧䞊䝅䝵䞁⬟ຊ䛾ྥୖ䛻 㛵䛩䜛ィ⏬ 䛂211ィ⏬䛃䚸䛂985ィ⏬䛃䛻⥆䛟䛾ᅜ䛾䛝䛺䝥 䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛷䛒䜛 20 21 23 ඵ䛴䛾ᨵ㠉 䖃 ຠ⋡䛒䜛⟶⌮䝅䝇䝔䝮 䖃 ே⟶⌮ไᗘ 䖃 ඃ⚽䛺䜲䝜䝧䞊䝅䝵䞁ேᮦ⫱ᡂ䝟䝍䞊䞁 䖃 䜲䝜䝧䞊䝅䝵䞁ᣦྥ䛾ホ౯䝅䝇䝔䝮 䖃 䜲䝜䝧䞊䝅䝵䞁䜢ᣢ⥆䛷䛝䜛◊✲⤌⧊ 䖃 Ꮫ⛉䛾ᕪ⼥ྜᣦྥ䛾㈨※㓄⨨᪉ᘧ 䖃 ᪂䛯䛺ᅜ㝿ὶ䛸༠ຊ䛾䝟䝍䞊䞁 䖃 ༠ྠ䜲䝜䝧䞊䝅䝵䞁䛾ᩥ㞺ᅖẼ ༠ྠ䜲䝜䝧䞊䝅䝵䞁䝉䞁䝍䞊300ಶ䜢タ⨨䛩䜛 䖃 䖃 䖃 䖃 ⛉Ꮫ䛾᭱๓⥺䛻ྥ䛡䛶䠄50䠅 ᩥ䛾ఏᢎ䛸㠉᪂䛻ྥ䛡䛶䠄50䠅 ⏘ᴗ䛻ྥ䛡䛶䠄50䠅 ᆅᇦ䛾Ⓨᒎ䛻ྥ䛡䛶䠄150䠅 22 ㈨ᩱ 䠄䠐䠅ไᗘᨵ㠉 2012ᖺ䛻䛿䚸༠ྠ䜲䝜䝧䞊䝅䝵䞁䝉䞁䝍䞊35ಶ 䜢タ⨨䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜ィ⏬䛥䜜䛯 Ꮫධヨไᗘ䛾ᨵ㠉 Ꮫ㝔⏕䛻ᑐ䛩䜛ᨭ䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾ᩚഛ ≉Ⰽ䛒䜛୰ᅜ⌧௦Ꮫไᗘ䛾ᩚഛ Ꮫ㒊ᨵ㠉䛾ヨ䜏 ඃ䜜䛯ᩍ⫱㈨※䛾ඹ᭷䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾ᘓタ ┬ᨻᗓ䛾⤫ᣓຊ䛾ᙉ ᖺ䛾1᭶୰᪪䛻䚸୍ᅇ┠䛾ᑂᰝ䜢⾜䛺䛳 䛯䚹2᭶ᮎ䛻ᅇ┠䛾ᑂᰝ䚸⟅ᘚ䜢⾜䛺䛖ணᐃ䚸 35䛾䝉䞁䝍䞊䛜㑅䜀䜜䛯䚹 24 25 䠄䠑䠅ᩍဨ ᅜ㝿ὶ䛸༠ຊ䛾䝺䝧䝹䛾ྥୖ ᩍဨ䝬䝘䞊䠄㐨ᚨ䠅䛾ᩚഛ ᩍဨ䛾ᩍ⫱⬟ຊ䛾ྥୖ ᩍဨศ㢮⟶⌮ไᗘ䛾ᩚഛ • እᅜᏛࡢᏛ⏕ὶࠊ༢ࠊࢲࣈ ࣝᏛ࡞ࢆᨭᣢࡍࡿࠋ • ᾏእ␃Ꮫ⤒㦂ࡀ࠶ࡿᏛ㒊⏕ࠊ㝔⏕ࡢྜ ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࠋ 26 27 ᅜᐙ䝺䝧䝹䛾㻲㻰䝰䝕䝹䝉䞁䝍䞊 ୰ኸྛ㒊ᒁ䛻ᒓ䛩䜛Ꮫ䛻㻟㻜ಶ ຓᡂ㔠䜂䛸䛴䛪䛴㻡㻜㻜ඖ 䛤Ύ⫈䛒䜚䛜䛸䛖䛤䛦䛔䜎䛩 28 ㈨ᩱ ㅮ ₇ 㸲 㼏㼔㼍㼘㼘㼑㼚㼓㼑㼟㻌㼒㼞㼛㼙㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㼡㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻌㼣㼕㼠㼔㼕㼚㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌 㼙㼍㼞㼗㼑㼠㻌㼛㼡㼠㼟㼕㼐㼑 㻝㻕㻚㻌㼁㼚㼐㼑㼞㼓㼞㼍㼐㼡㼍㼠㼑㻌㼑㼐㼡㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼕㼟㻌㼘㼛㼚㼓㻌㼎㼑㼑㼚㻌 㼛㼢㼑㼞㼘㼛㼛㼗㼑㼐㻌㼕㼚㻌㼔㼕㼓㼔㼑㼞㻌㼑㼐㼡㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼍㼞㼑㼍㻌㼕㼚㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼙㼛㼢㼑㼙㼑㼚㼠㻌㼛㼒㻌㼕㼚㼠㼑㼞㼚㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㼣㼛㼞㼘㼐㻙㼏㼘㼍㼟㼟㻌㼡㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼕㼠㼥㻌 㼞㼍㼏㼑㻚㻌㻔㻿㼔㼕㼚㻌㻒㻌㻷㼑㼔㼙㻘㻌㻞㻜㻝㻟㻕 Building the Polis— Residential college experience from National Chengchi University in Taiwan 㼀㼔㼑㻌㼞㼑㼍㼘㻌㼏㼞㼕㼟㼕㼟㻌㼕㼚㻌㼔㼕㼓㼔㼑㼞㻌㼑㼐㼡㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼠㼛㼐㼍㼥㻌㼕㼟 㼍㼎㼛㼡㼠㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㼜㼛㼢㼑㼞㼠㼥㻌㼛㼒㻌㼟㼠㼡㼐㼑㼚㼠㻌㼘㼕㼒㼑㻚炷㻾㼛㼎㼑㼞㼠㻌 㻻㻓㼔㼍㼞㼍㻘㻌㻞㻜㻜㻝炸 By Dr. Tung-Liao Cheng College of Education, National ChengChi University 㻝 㻾㼑㼟㼕㼐㼑㼚㼠㼕㼍㼘㻌㼏㼛㼘㼘㼑㼓㼑㻦㻌㻭㻌㼜㼛㼟㼟㼕㼎㼘㼑㻌㼗㼑㼥㻌㼒㼛㼞㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌㼒㼡㼠㼡㼞㼑 㻯㼛㼘㼘㼑㼓㼑㻌㼟㼠㼡㼐㼑㼚㼠㼟㻌㼍㼞㼑㻌㼟㼑㼑㼚㻌㼙㼛㼞㼑㻌㼛㼞㻌㼘㼑㼟㼟㻌㼍㼟㻌 䇾㼍㼎㼍㼚㼐㼛㼚㼑㼐㻌㼓㼑㼚㼑㼞㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚䇿㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼣㼑㻌㼚㼑㼑㼐㻌㼠㼛㻌㼞㼑㼠㼔㼕㼚㼗㼕㼚㼓㻌 㼔㼕㼓㼔㼑㼞㻌㼑㼐㼡㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻚㻌㻔㼃㼕㼘㼘㼕㼙㼛㼚㻌㻒㻌㻺㼍㼥㼘㼛㼞䇻㼟 㻘㻌㻝㻥㻥㻢㻧㻌㻿㼔㼕㼚㻌 㻒㻌㻷㼑㼔㼙㻘㻌㻞㻜㻝㻟㻕 y 㼀㼔㼑㻌㼕㼐㼑㼍㻌㼛㼒㻌㻼㼛㼘㼕㼟㻌㼞㼑㼙㼕㼚㼐㼟㻌㼡㼟㻌㼛㼒㻌㼍㻌㻾㼑㼏㼕㼜㼞㼛㼏㼍㼘㻌 㼞㼑㼘㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼟㼔㼕㼜㻌㼎㼑㼠㼣㼑㼑㼚㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㼟㼜㼍㼠㼕㼍㼘㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼟㼛㼏㼕㼍㼘㻘㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㼜㼡㼎㼘㼕㼏㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㼜㼞㼕㼢㼍㼠㼑 㻞㻕㻚㻌㻲㼕㼞㼟㼠㻌㼠㼔㼞㼑㼑㻌㼗㼑㼥㻌㼏㼔㼍㼞㼍㼏㼠㼑㼞㼟㻌㼑㼙㼜㼘㼛㼥㼑㼞㼟㻌㼣㼍㼚㼠㻌㼒㼞㼛㼙㻌 㼠㼔㼑㼕㼞㻌㼒㼡㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌㼑㼙㼜㼘㼛㼥㼑㼑㼟㻦㻌㼘㼑㼍㼞㼚㼕㼚㼓㻌㼍㼎㼕㼘㼕㼠㼥㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼜㼛㼠㼑㼚㼠㼕㼍㼘㻌 㼒㼛㼞㻌㼒㼡㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌㼐㼑㼢㼑㼘㼛㼜㼙㼑㼚㼠㻘㻌㼠㼑㼍㼙㻌㼣㼛㼞㼗㻌㼍㼎㼕㼘㼕㼠㼥㻘㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌 㼟㼠㼍㼎㼕㼘㼕㼠㼥㻌㻒㻌㼜㼞㼑㼟㼟㼡㼞㼑㻌㼞㼑㼟㼕㼟㼠㼍㼚㼏㼑㻌㼍㼎㼕㼘㼕㼠㼥㻚㻌㻌㻔㻯㼔㼑㼑㼞㼟㻘㻌 㻞㻜㻜㻣㻘㻌㻞㻜㻝㻞㻕 㻞 㻟 y 㻲㼛㼡㼞㻌㼒㼛㼡㼚㼐㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼟㻌㼛㼚㻌㼣㼔㼕㼏㼔㻌㼏㼍㼙㼜㼡㼟㻌㼘㼕㼒㼑㻌㼏㼍㼚㻌㼎㼑㻌 㼞㼑㼎㼡㼕㼘㼠㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼎㼥㻌㼙㼑㼍㼚㼟㻌㼛㼒㻌㼣㼔㼕㼏㼔㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㼣㼑㼘㼒㼍㼞㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌 㼑㼐㼡㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㼐㼑㼢㼑㼘㼛㼜㼙㼑㼚㼠㻌㼛㼒㻌㼟㼠㼡㼐㼑㼚㼠㼟㻌㼏㼍㼚㻌㼎㼑㻌 㼕㼙㼜㼞㼛㼢㼑㼐㻚㻌㼀㼔㼑㼟㼑㻌㼒㼛㼡㼚㼐㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼟㻌㻌㼒㼛㼞㻌㼎㼡㼕㼘㼐㼕㼚㼓㻌㻌㼍㻌 y 㻿㼍㼙㼡㼑㼘㻌㻱㼘㼕㼛㼠㻌㻹㼛㼞㼕㼟㼛㼚㻌㼕㼚㻌㼔㼕㼟㻌㻲㼛㼡㼚㼐㼕㼚㼓㻌㼛㼒㻌㻴㼍㼞㼢㼍㼞㼐㻌 㻯㼛㼘㼘㼑㼓㼑㻘㻌㼣㼞㼕㼠㼠㼑㼚㻌㼕㼚㻌㻝㻥㻟㻢烉䇻㻮㼛㼛㼗㻌㼘㼑㼍㼞㼚㼕㼚㼓㻌㼍㼘㼛㼚㼑㻌㼙㼕㼓㼔㼠㻌 㼎㼑㻌㼓㼛㼠㻌㼎㼥㻌㼘㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑㼟㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼞㼑㼍㼐㼕㼚㼓㻧㻌㼎㼡㼠㻌㼕㼠㻌㼣㼍㼟㻌㼛㼚㼘㼥㻌㼎㼥㻌 㼟㼠㼡㼐㼥㼕㼚㼓㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼐㼕㼟㼜㼡㼠㼕㼚㼓㻘㻌㼑㼍㼠㼕㼚㼓㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼐㼞㼕㼚㼗㼕㼚㼓㻘㻌㼜㼘㼍㼥㼕㼚㼓㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌㼜㼞㼍㼥㼕㼚㼓㻌㼍㼟㻌㼙㼑㼙㼎㼑㼞㼟㻌㼛㼒㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㼟㼍㼙㼑㻌㼏㼛㼘㼘㼑㼓㼕㼍㼠㼑㻌 㼏㼛㼙㼙㼡㼚㼕㼠㼥㻘㻌㼕㼚㻌㼏㼘㼛㼟㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼏㼛㼚㼟㼠㼍㼚㼠㻌㼍㼟㼟㼛㼏㼕㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼣㼕㼠㼔㻌 㼑㼍㼏㼔㻌㼛㼠㼔㼑㼞㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼣㼕㼠㼔㻌㼠㼔㼑㼕㼞㻌㼠㼡㼠㼛㼞㼟㻘㻌㼠㼔㼍㼠㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㼜㼞㼕㼏㼑㼘㼑㼟㼟㻌 㼓㼕㼒㼠㻌㼛㼒㻌㼏㼔㼍㼞㼍㼏㼠㼑㼞㻌㼏㼛㼡㼘㼐㻌㼎㼑㻌㼕㼙㼜㼍㼞㼠㼑㼐㻌㼠㼛㻌㼥㼛㼡㼚㼓㻌㼙㼑㼚㻚䇻 㻠 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⹛Ḳἶ⮦岮㠣ƏỌ㋮⯵Ⓢ妹剙㖣ἶ⮦㜆敺⸝柿 ⭟⼆⦠媙⎱⎪凮䫝峤Ə忶怵㋮⯵㕀⭟Ə⟠棱 㺄态˚柿⯵僤⊂˛ 㻡㻣 ㏽⟥㖶攠壆䐩䰂䴒㙴㢉 RUJDQL]DWLRQIUDPHZRUN 㻡㻤 㻡㻥 ㈨ᩱ ㇅∕⬯䕂⟥⨶ᴉ弑 㗨Ṅ⬓㗙 ORRNLQWRWKHIXWXUH y 娘⤁娘⤁䙫◾婍㈴⏖Ọ䴖䨴ᷧ滅滅㔬ṲƏ娘⤁娘⤁ ⟥Ჾ…映ḍ⩽ 㖶攠㯹↓㲯⇔ ㉦↓⟥Ჾ…映ḍ⩽濕廍弌屃㏽㑮䏝䂝Ʊ⫌⳩ᴉ⟚Ʊ◖ 偱Ʊ储᳹⨶亐Ʊ⟥Ჾ䰎㠫ⷍ⊈㖶攠弒ᵸ䨇䄷儰㯹↓㲯 䙫㔬Ṳ㈴⏖Ọ⽉⠸ᷧ滅滅㭞⏙˛ ⇔濕⅞ⷵ⨶䏝⫋㖶攠㐗佰䕂奋⋊Ʋ 廎㨣摉士 㖶攠廘娖奰䣉 㖶攠㮓⇔ 㖶攠Ʊ⨶攠 斗伭 ⷵ⇔㑮䏝⩘ḋ奰䣉濕摉士⟘ 圊↓⪤峎奰䣉濕婑㖶 攠廘娖ノ㽸廘娖㏷昧Ʊ⪤峎⟘ ⨶亐䕂㖾ḱ壹倱Ʋ ㏽⟥㖶攠ⶸ丬ノ㽸⨶㛟㨡ⷍ⑬ḋ濕婑㖶攠㐗佰◦㏽ ⟥㫶䵊濕㽸䟼㗁⚷柈⟘ Ῠ䡾䕂曖⫌ᵸㄋƲ 廎㨣ⶸ丬⩊ノ⟘ỉ᳹朊㖶攠濕ⶸ䦉㖶攠Ʊ⨶攠斗伭 ⵤ濕⫅⨶➩䊫⨶䏝…徦䯋‣㖶攠Ʋ 㻢㻜 㻢㻝 㻢㻝 གᖴಡ᠋Ǽ ҁൔளаֹԋǴձག ᖴࡹεਜଣᙔऍՉߏ ඉϢගٮεໆკТǵྣТ ᆶЎӷࣁୖԵǴमЎ ϩऩԖ၍ញೝᇤǴཷҗว ߄ΓॄೢǶ ⚷柈∘斃ℳ㑮䕂㏽⟥ᵸ 㻢㻞 㻢㻟 あ と が き ᅜ㝿ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࠕᮾࢪࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢ⾜᪉̿ඹྠᏛࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛタࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚̿ࠖ ࢆ⤊࠼࡚ ᮾᏛ ΎỈ ⚞ᩥ ᮾᏛᏛ㝔ᩍ⫱Ꮫ◊✲⛉࡛ࡣࠊᖹᡂ ᖺᗘࡽᖹᡂ ᖺᗘࡲ࡛ࠊ ᖺ㛫ࢃࡓࡾ ࢪඹྠᏛ㛤Ⓨࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡣࠊᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬≉ู ⤒㈝ࢆཷࡅࠊಟኈࣞ࣋ࣝࡢᅜ㝿ⓗඹྠᩍ⫱ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆタࡋࠊᮾࢪࢆ୰ᚰࡍࡿᅜ ᆅᇦᑐࡋ࡚ࠊᩍ⫱ศ㔝࠾ࡅࡿ㧗ᗘ࡞ຊ㔞ࢆഛ࠼ࡓᑓ㛛⫋ࢆ౪⤥ࡍࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡍ ࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡲࡓྠࠊ㏆ᖺࡢ࢟ࣕࣥࣃࢫ࣭ࢪ࡞ࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛぢࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺ࠊ ࢪᆅᇦ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ⥴ࡘ࠸ࡓࡤࡾࡢᅜ㝿ⓗඹྠᩍ⫱ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢᡂ❧ࠊ⟶⌮㐠Ⴀࠊ ᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬ࡸᩍ⫱᪉ἲࡢ㛤ⓎࠊᏛ⏕ᨭ࡞ࡢㅖ᮲௳ࡘ࠸࡚◊✲ࡍࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡋ࡚࠸ ࡲࡍࠋ ࡇࡢ┠ⓗࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊᮾᏛᏛ㝔ᩍ⫱Ꮫ◊✲⛉࡛ࡣࠊᮾࢪࡢㅖᏛ㐃 ᦠࢆ῝ࡵ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇ⚾ࡶࡣࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛࠸ࡃࡘࡢᏛᏛ⾡ὶ༠ᐃࢆ⤖ࢇ ࡛ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊ⌧ᅾࡣᅜ㝿ⓗඹྠᩍ⫱ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆඹ᥈ࡿࡇࢆ୰ᚰ┠ⓗࡋ࡚ࠊ ᡓ␎ⓗᏛ⾡ὶ༠ᐃࢆ⤖ࡰ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡋ࡚ࡇࢀࡽࡢᏛࡽࠊඹྠ Ꮫタࢆ㐍ࡵࡿୖ࡛ᨭࡸຓゝࢆᚓࡿࡓࡵࠊᐈဨᩍဨࢆᣍ࠸ࡋ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋᖺᗘ ࡣࠊྔᯘ࣭ᮺᕞᖌ⠊Ꮫᩍᤵࠊ⏦ṇ᧔࣭ࢯ࢘ࣝᅜ❧Ꮫᩍᤵࠊ⬌ᘓ⳹࣭༡ிᖌ⠊Ꮫ ᩍᤵࠊᱱᛅ㖭࣭ᅜ❧ྎᮾᏛᩍᤵࠊ㒯ྠ࣭ᅜ❧ᨻᏛᩍᤵࢆᣍ࠸ࡋ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ ᖺᗘᮎࡢ ᭶ࡽ ᭶ࡅ࡚ࠊᅾᮇ㛫ࡣⱝᖸࡎࢀࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊ ேࡢඛ⏕᪉ࡀᮾ Ꮫᅾ࡞ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢࡓࡵࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢᐈဨᩍဨࡢඛ⏕᪉ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࢘ ࣒ࢆ⾜࠺㐠ࡧ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࢸ࣮࣐ࡣࠕᮾࢪࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢ⾜᪉ ᅜ㝿ⓗඹྠᏛタࢆồࡵ࡚ࠖࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋඛ ⏕᪉ࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢ◊✲⪅࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊദ⪅ࡽὀᩥࢆࡘࡅ̿ ̿ඛ⏕ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣࠊࡇࡕࡽࡽࢸ࣮࣐ࢆᣦᐃࡋࡲࡋࡓ̿̿ࠊࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࢆ㛤ദࡍࡿࡇ ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࡢ㊃᪨ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᮏᩥࡢ୰࡛ࡶ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ☜ㄆࡢ ពࢆ㎸ࡵ࡚⡆༢ゐࢀ࡚࠾ࡁࡲࡍࠋ ᖺ௦௨㝆ࠊୡ⏺ࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡣᛴ㏿ኚㇺࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡃᮾࢪᆅᇦ࡛ࡣࠊ 㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡣᛴ⃭ጼࢆኚ࠼ࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡢࡓࡿཎᅉࡣ㸰ࡘ࡛ࡍࠋ 㸯ࡘࡣ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢࢡࢭࢫࡀᛴ㏿㧗ࡲࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࡇ࡛ࡍࠋ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢ ࢡࢭࢫࡣ⦆ࡸୖ᪼ࡋ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊ㡑ᅜࡸྎ‴࡛ࡣ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢࢡࢭࢫࡀ▷ ࠸ᮇ㛫ࡢ࠺ࡕᛴ㏿㧗ࡲࡾࠊ⌧ᅾ࡛ࡣྠ୍ᖺ㱋ᒙࡢ ࡀ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵࡛Ꮫࢇ࡛࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ୰ᅜ࡛ࡶ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢࢡࢭࢫࡣ㧗ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢᅜᆅᇦ࡛ࡣࠊࢺࣟ ࢘ࡢᐃ⩏ࡼࢀࡤࠕ࢚࣮ࣜࢺࠖẁ㝵ࡽࠊࠕ࣐ࢫࠖẁ㝵ࢆ⤒࡚ࠊ୍ᣲࠕࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࠖẁ 㝵ࢩࣇࢺࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡇࡇࡣከࡃࡢၥ㢟ࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊᏛ⏕ࡀ༞ᴗ ᣢࡘࡁ㈨㉁⬟ຊࢆᐃࡋࠊ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࢆ᰿ᮏⓗぢ┤ࡍᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋࠕ࢚࣮ࣜ ࢺࠖẁ㝵࡛⫱ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓᩍဨࡣࠊ⮬ࡽࡢ⿕ᩍ⫱య㦂ࢆࡶࡋ࡚ᩍ⫱ࢆ⾜࠺ഴྥࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ࡋࡋࠊᏛ࠸࠺ᆅ┙ࡣࠕࣘࢽࣂ࣮ࢧࣝࠖẁ㝵⛣ືࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡑࡇ࡛ồࡵࡽࢀ ࡚࠸ࡿᩍ⫱ࡣࠊᚲࡎࡋࡶᚑ᮶ࡢ◊✲୰ᚰᆺࡢᩍ⫱࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ ࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡢཎᅉࡣࠊᏛ⏕ࡢὶື࡛ࡍࠋᏛ⏕యࡢᩘࡽぢࢀࡤࠊ▷ᮇ࡞࠸ࡋ㛗ᮇࡢ ␃Ꮫࢆ⤒㦂ࡍࡿ⪅ࡢᩘࡣࡁࢃࡵ࡚㝈ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡋࡋࠊḢ⡿ࡸᕞࡢࠕⲡสࡾሙࠖ ࡞ࡾࡘࡘ࠶ࡿᮾࢪ࡛ࡣࠊࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᙧࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ̿̿▷ᮇ㛫ࡢㄒᏛ◊ಟࠊࢧ࣐࣮ࢥ ࣮ࢫ࡞ຍ࠼࡚ࠊ㐲㝸ᩍ⫱ࡸᅜෆ࢟ࣕࣥࣃࢫࢆᣢࡘᾏእᏛࡢ㐍ฟ࡞̿̿ࡀᥦ౪ࡉ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋᚋࠊ㡰ㄪ⤒῭Ⓨᒎࡀ㐍ࡵࡤࠊࡉࡽከࡃࡢ␃Ꮫ⏕ࡀฟ࡚ࡃࡿࡇ࡛ࡋࡻ ࠺ࠋࡕ࡞ࡳࠊ᪥ᮏ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸ୡ⏺࡛ࢳࣕࣞࣥࢪࡋ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺࠸࠺ᚿࢆᣢࡘᏛ⏕ 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ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ᪥ᮏࡢ 1+. ┦ᙜࡍࡿྎ‴ࡢᅜႠᨺ㏦࡛⌮ࢆົࡵࡽࢀࡓ⤒㦂ࡶ࠾ᣢࡕ ࡛ࠊ㠀ᖖᖜᗈ࠸ぢ㆑ࢆ࠾ᣢࡕ࡛ࡍࠋ ࡞࠾ࠊ㸲ேࡢඛ⏕ࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶእᅜ࡛༤ኈྕࢆྲྀᚓ࡞ࡉ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ⏦ඛ⏕㒯ඛ⏕ࡣ࣓ ࡛ࣜ࢝ࠊ⬌ඛ⏕ᱱඛ⏕ࡣ᪥ᮏ࡛Ꮫࢆྲྀᚓࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࡉ࡚ࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮࡛ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࢆ⾜࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋሗ࿌ࡢ㡰ᗎࡣࠊୡ⏺ⓗ࡞ど㔝 ࡽࠊᮾࢪࠊࡑࡋ࡚ྛᏛ࠾ࡅࡿᅜ㝿ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᅜ㝿ࢆ ព㆑ࡋࡓᩍ⫱ᨵ㠉࠸࠺㡰ᗎ࡛ࠊḟ➨ࢬ࣮࣒ࢆ⤠ࡾ㎸ࢇ࡛࠸ࡃᙧ࡛ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࡣ⤌ࡲ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢሗ࿌ෆᐜࡘࡁࡲࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᮏᩥࡢ୰࡛ࡈ☜ㄆ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸Ꮡࡌ ࡲࡍࠋ ᭱ᚋඹྠᏛタࡘ࠸࡚ࠊඛ⏕᪉ࡽࡈពぢࢆ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ୍ゝ࡛せ⣙ࡍࢀࡤࠊ ࢃࢀࢃࢀồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᇶᮏⓗ࡞ጼໃࡣࠊࠕࣉࣛࢢ࣐ࢸࢬ࣒࡛ࠖࡍࠋ᪂ࡓࡇࢆጞࡵ ࡿ࠶ࡗࡓ࡚ࡣࣉࣛࢢ࣐ࢸࢵࢡ⪃࠼ࡿࡁ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᐇ㝿ඹྠᏛタྥࡅ࡚Ṍࡳ ࢆ㛤ጞࡋࡓࠊ⌧ᐇⓗ࡞ၥ㢟ࡸㄢ㢟ࡣぢ࠼࡚ࡃࡿࠋࡑࡢẁ㝵୍࡛ࡘࡦࡘࡢၥ㢟ࡸㄢ㢟 ࢆゎỴࡋ࡚࠸ࡅࡤࡼ࠸ࠋࡓࡋ㢌ࡢ୰࡛⪃࠼࡚࠸࡚ࡶࠊࡣ㐍ࡳࡲࡏࢇࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࡈ ពぢࡢ⫼ᚋࡣࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣඛ⏕᪉ࡢಶேⓗ࡞ே⏕ほ̿̿༑ᖺ௨ୖࡢ␃Ꮫ⤒㦂ࡢ࠶ࡿඛ⏕ࡶ ࠾ࡾࡲࡋࡓ̿̿ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࡶ▱ࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋ␃Ꮫ⤒㦂ࡽࠊே⏕ࢆ⏕ࡁᢤ࠸࡚࠸ࡃࡓࡵࡢࠕࡋ ࡞ࡸࡉࠖࠕࡋࡓࡓࡉࠖࠊࡑࡋ࡚ᴦほ⩏ࢆ⋓ᚓࡉࢀࡓࡢࡶ▱ࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋ ⚾ࡓࡕࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡣࠊ㸳ᖺィ⏬ࡢ࠺ࡕࡢ㸰ᖺ┠ࢆ⤊࠼ࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛࠸ ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞㆟ㄽࢆ㔜ࡡ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࢧ࣐࣮ࢥ࣮ࢫࡢ㛤タ࡞ࠊ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡶ⾜ ࡗ࡚ࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋᚋࡣࠊṧࡉࢀࡓ㛫ࡢ୰࡛ࠊඛ⏕᪉ࡽ㡬࠸ࡓຓゝᇶ࡙ࡁࠊᴦほ⩏ ࢆ࣮࣋ࢫࡋ࡚ࠊࣉࣛࢢ࣐ࢸࢵࢡ⾜ືࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸⪃࠼࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋኻᩋࢆᜍࢀࡎ ඛ㐍ࢇ࡛࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡞ࡗࡓ᪂ࡋ࠸ࢱࣉࡢᩍ⫱ࢆࠊ ྎࡽⓎಙ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ດࡵ࡚ࡲ࠸ࡾࡓ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᭱ᚋ࡞ࡾࡲࡋࡓࡀࠊࡇࡢሗ࿌᭩ࢆᡭ࡞ࡉࢀࡿ᪉ࠎࡣࠊ⋡┤࡞ࡈពぢ࣭ࡈᢈุࢆ㈷ ࢀࡤᖾ࠸࡛ࡍࠋ ⦅㞟⪅ ୖᇣ 㧗ᚿ ᮾᏛᏛ㝔ᩍ⫱Ꮫ◊✲⛉◊✲⛉㛗 ࢪඹྠᏛ㛤Ⓨࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࣭࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ ΎỈ ⚞ᩥ ࢪඹྠᏛ㛤Ⓨࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࣭ࢧࣈ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ ᮔ ㈼ ῄ ࢪඹྠᏛ㛤Ⓨࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࣭ᑓ௵ᩍဨ ⏣୰ ගᬕ ࢪඹྠᏛ㛤Ⓨࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࣭ᑓ௵ᩍဨ ᮔ Ꮚ ࢪඹྠᏛ㛤Ⓨࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࣭ᩍ⫱◊✲ᨭ⪅ ࢪඹྠᏛ㛤Ⓨࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ሗ࿌㞟Ϭ ࠗᮾࢪࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢ⾜᪉ ̿ඹྠᏛࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛタࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚̿࠘ Ⓨ⾜᪥ ᖺ ᭶ ᪥ Ⓨ⾜⪅ ᮾᏛᏛ㝔ᩍ⫱Ꮫ◊✲⛉ ᮾᏛᏛ㝔ᩍ⫱Ꮫ◊✲⛉ᩍ⫱ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࢭࣥࢱ࣮ ௦⾲⪅ ୖᇣ 㧗ᚿ ఫᡤ ྎᕷ㟷ⴥ༊ᕝෆ
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