「軽水炉安全対策高度化」と LWR Sustainability 8月29日, 2014年松井一秋一財)エネルギー総合工学研究所 Discussion on Nuclear Safety Enhancement Activities Agency for Natural Resources, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) has set up the Fundamental Issues Subcommittee, under Advisory Committee for Natural Resources and Energy to work on toward the establishment of a new Basic Energy Plan in the aftermath of the Great East Japan Earthquake and Fukushima nuclear accident in FY 2012. In FY 2013, Advisory Committee for Natural Resources and Energy took over to formulate a comprehensive energy policy including the aspects of national energy security and cost reduction for affordable energy. Above Advisory Committee for Natural Resources and Energy is scheduled to discuss also Nuclear Safety Enhancement Activities under a new regulation framework. http://www.enecho.meti.go.jp/info/committee/sougoubukai/index.htm 世界最高水準の安全性を実現するための仕組み（３．新たな規制枠組みの下での原子力の安全性向上の取り組みについて）  今後、事業者は、新たな規制枠組みの下、以下の取り組みを通じて、世界最高水準の原子力の安全性を実現していくべき。 −定量的な安全目標を掲げ、原子力発電を取り巻くあらゆるリスクに向き合う。 −効果を明らかにしながら、自主的かつ継続的な安全性向上対策に取り組む。  例えば米国の取組を参考に、以下のような機能が発揮できる仕組みの構築について検討を進めることが必要ではないか。 ①安全性向上に係る事業者の自主的取組を促進 ②軽水炉を始めとした原子力施設の安全研究の高度化を実現 ③科学的・合理的な根拠に基づいたオープンな提言・議論等を通じて、安全水準の高度化を実現総合資源エネルギー調査会総合部会（第2回会合平成２５年４月２３日（火））「原子力政策をめぐる最近の動向」より http://www.enecho.meti.go.jp/info/committee/sougoubukai/2nd/2nd-4.pdf 2 Background    After TEPCO's Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station Accident on March 11, 2011, the utilities with NPP in Japan have immediately started to prepare for the tsunami beyond design base, total loss of power, loss of final heat sink with water shields, additional DG’s, and others. Reports of Japanese Government to IAEA (June and September, 2011) were formulated on the lessons learned from the Accident and the approaches to the findings. Former NISA* has summarized the interim report on Feb. 16, 2012 on Technological Knowledge about the Accident at Fukushima Dai-ichi NPS with thirty countermeasures. As Reform of Nuclear Regulatory Organizations in Japan, Nuclear Regulatory Authority (NRA) was established in September 2012. New safety standards are entered into force in July 2013 Design-basis earthquake and tsunami  Safety standards of NPPs including countermeasures against extreme external hazards and severe accidents    停止中であった約10基のPWRの再稼働審査始まり、九電川内はとりあえず合格？ 4月にエネルギー基本計画策定されるも、原子力の位置付け不透明のまま？ * NISA has been abolished on account of inauguration of NRA on September 17, 2012. 4 5 6 7 文部科学省 8 文部科学省 9 10 11 The Light Water Reactor Sustainability (LWRS) Program /US.DOE Current LWR Issues           Reactor Pressure Vessel and internals embrittlement data beyond 60 years Degradation of buried pipes Cyber Security Digital Upgrades to Instrumentation and Control Moisture Effects on Underground Cables Containment Sump Clogging Gas Voiding Issues Better understanding of boric acid precipitation to prevent core heat removal degradation and subsequent fuel failure Use of advanced modeling and simulation to better understand safety margins Post-Fukushima potential back-fits and safety research New Technology Development The U.S. Government is pursuing near- and long-term research and development with an emphasis on safety:  Advanced Sensors and Instrumentation  Accident Resistant Sensors and Instrumentation  Accident Tolerant Fuel  Accident Tolerant Reactor Systems  Seismic Technology  Small Modular Reactors  Post Fukushima Reactor Safety Status of Light Water Reactor (LWR) Activities in the US, Tom Miller, Office of Nuclear Energy, US Department of Energy, June 19, 2012 Presented to IAEA Technical Working Group on Advanced Technologies for Light Water Reactors 12 13 Light Water Reactor Sustainability Program organization 14 Civil Nuclear Energy R&D Working Group (CNWG) Dr. Peter B. Lyons, Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy, DOE Director General for Research and Development Bureau, MEXT Director General for Energy and Technological Policy, METI Participating Agencies: U.S.: DOE-NE, DOS, and NNSA Japan: MOFA, MEXT, METI, and JAEA Co-Chairs: U.S.: Japan: Secretariat Advanced Reactor R&D Sub-WG • Fast Reactors • Small Modular Reactors / Small and Medium Reactors • High Temperature Reactors Light-Water Reactor R&D Sub-WG • Light-Water Reactor Sustainability • Accident Tolerant Equipment • Accident Tolerant Fuels * • Severe Accident Code Assessment Fuel Cycle R&D and Waste Management Sub-WG • Separations • Advanced Fuels • Systems Engineering and Analysis • Waste Management 15 Remarks (revised on Aug. 29, 2014)        Persistent R&D efforts should be continued to reinforce nuclear safety of not only the present fleet of NPP’s but also the next generation, even after necessary countermeasures would be applied. Perspectives of safety on NPP as a whole can be useful to identify most desirable R&D areas Existing or past and perhaps scattering efforts and collaborations might be re-examined to fulfill the present demands Appropriate setups or exploitation of possible international collaboration to share the efforts would be beneficial 「福島事故」は二度と起こさないという対策は取られているが、国民は納得していない―失った信用、信頼の回復は容易でない未来への夢と希望のためにも「福島事故」の教訓を反映して、安全性を大きく高めた原子力の姿とその技術を国内のみならず世界にも示す必要がある我が国の原子力「資産」、人材、プラント、研究開発施設・設備は朽ち果て始めている？ 17