Ammonia Chillers

Ammonia Chillers
Stefan S. Jensen,
B.Sc.Eng, F.AIRAH, FIEAust, CPEng, NPER
Scantec Refrigeration Technologies
Head Office:
225 Queensport Road
Murarrie, Brisbane
QLD 4172 Australia
Phone: (61-7) 3890 9400
Fax: (61-7) 3890 9444
Shanghai Office:
Suite 1502 Yuan Mansion
738 Dong Fang Road
Shanghai 200120, China
Phone: (86-21) 5830 3488
Fax: (86-21) 5830 1730
Beijing Office:
7G No 4 Office Building
City Plaza No (A) 3 Shilipu
Chaoyang District Beijing 100025,
China
Phone: (86-10) 6556 2554
Fax: (86-10) 6556 2517
Introduction
Ammonia
• Natural refrigerant (used for >130 years)
• Very favourable transport properties
• Admirable safety record (statistically <2
fatalities per 1 billion inhabitants of 14
countries per year; source: IIAR Dallas, 2009)
The case studies will provide an overview of actual operating
air conditioning systems using NH3 as working fluid.
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Why NH3?
Global HFC emissions by 2050 are ~9-19% (CO2e basis)
of projected global CO2 emissions in the BAU scenario.
This rises to 28-45% in a 450 ppm CO2 stabilization scenario.
Source: Velders et al
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Why NH3?
• June 2013 agreement between Presidents Xi
and Obama to work together towards an
HFC phase-down
• 6th of September 2013 Australia commits
internationally to HFC phase-down by 2030
• 16th of December 2013 EU agrees to phase
down HFC’s by 79% by 2030
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Why NH3?
Climate change legislation 1997 & 2013
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Why NH3?
Climate change legislation 1997 & 2013
Source: The Globe Climate Legislation Study: “A review of
climate change legislation in 66 countries, 4th edition”
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Chiller Plant with NH3
Location Brisbane CBD
Engine
Room
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Chiller Plant with NH3
Location CBD
Engine Room
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Chiller Plant with NH3
R134A Centrifugal Chillers
BEFORE
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Chiller Plant with NH3
Condensers
Receiver
HP float
AFTER
NH3 accumulator
Evaporators
Screw compressors
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Chiller Plant with NH3
Condensers
AFTER
Receiver
HP float
NH3 charge
= 1300 kg or
~0.2 kg/kW
NH3 accumulator
Evaporators
Screw compressors
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Chiller Plant with NH3
Relief valve
Evaporators
Compressor
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Condensers
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Chiller Plant with NH3
Annual reduction
from 40% to <30%
NH3 Scrubbers
465 kW VFD’s
MCC A/C
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Public building with NH3
BEFORE
Two Air Cooled R22 Water Chillers
for Office Air Conditioning, 1200 kW
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Public building with NH3
HCFC 22 Compressors
BEFORE
HCFC 22 DX AHU
Condenser
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Public building with NH3
AFTER
Two Water Cooled R717
Water Chillers, 1200 kW
Annual
Energy Saving
500 MWh
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Public building with NH3
Connection of Basement AHU
AFTER
Roof top
plant room
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Public building with NH3
AFTER
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Public building with NH3
Emergency Ventilation – 41.4 m3/s
<20% of LEL or
<30,000 ppm
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Public building with NH3
Desuperheater
Future Heat
Recovery System
NH3 compressor
~66 m
Existing 613315 hot
water system used
as booster
Cold water
Edwards GXC50
indirect, open vented,
high pressure water
tank to AS3498
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AFTER
20
Commercial offices
During Construction
Completed
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Commercial offices
Design Refrigeration Capacities
System
Refrigerant
System temperature, [°C]
Capacity, [kW]
LT
NH3
-24
160
NH3
-10
0
HT
PGB
-7
719
CHW
5
619
Chilled water system services >50 air conditioned office spaces
Legend:
LT: Low Temperature
HT: High Temperature
PGB: Propylene Glycol Brine
CHW: Chilled Water
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Commercial offices
PGB
SBY
CHW
LT
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Commercial offices
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Conclusions
▪ No HFC Levy (GWP for NH3 = 0)
▪ No environmental impact of fugitive gas loss
▪ Superior COP
▪ Annual NH3 leakage rate <1%
▪ Suitable for high grade heat recovery
▪ Enables elimination of all SGG’s
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Conclusions
Plant room design – HFC versus NH3
• Unobstructed escape routes – lack of same eliminates NH3
• Charge cost of HFC plant 10-20 times higher than NH3
• Change of image by factory packaging of NH3 systems
• Increased production numbers of factory assembled NH3
packages ⇒ lower capital costs
• Barriers: Legislation (policies, standards),
technology/safety, supply/availability (components etc.),
psychology (perceptions, acceptance), funding/costs
(subsidies, tax etc.), markets (competition, demands etc.),
training/know-how
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