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Taking care of the relatives: Article of faith in Islam
ಸಂಬಂಕರ ಆೖ ಾಡುವದು: ಇಾಂ ಧಮದ ನಂಯ ಕುಾದ ೕಖನ
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Dr Syed ZafarMahmood,
"ಾ. #ೖಯ$ %ಾಫ' ಮಹಮೂ$.
Last week an elderly lady in my extended family left for her eternal abode. May Allah bless her soul with
a high pedestal in Paradise, amen. Later during condolence sessions it came to light that her son is
highly technically qualified and worked in the Gulf at half a million Rupees monthly salary. As mother
began falling frequently ill he requested his wife to shift to New Delhi, permanently stay with mother and
serve her. The good wife happily agreed and shifted base to the Indian capital. In due course, as
mother began remaining regularly unwell, the son quit his lucrative job in the Gulf, took up a not so
good position in the national capital region and both of them started living full time with mother. He
noticed that due to her aching knees mother was not able to climb up while she liked to sit in the sun on
the roof. He carved out space in a corner of the house and got an elevator installed. Lo & behold, even
in the 21st century there are some persons in the world who discern God's real purpose behind
creating the humanity and act thereupon. One feels like envying the parental upbringing of this young
couple. The boy and his wife were actually implementing God's command in letter and spirit: In the best
way possible do good to your parents and the relatives (holy Quran 4.36). Even Dr Sir Mohammad
Iqbal was amazed at such high level of parental upbringing ಕ*ದ +ಾರ ನನ, ಕುಟುಂಬದನ .ಯ
ಮ.*/ಬ0ರು 1ಧನ2ಾದರು. ಅ4ಾಹನು ಅವರ ಆತ67 8ಾಂ9ಯನು, 1ೕಡ. ಆ ನಂತರದ ನ:ದ ಶ<=ಾ>ಂಜ ಸ@ಯ ಆ
ಮ.*ಯ ಮಗನು ಾಂ9<ಕ+ಾB 1ಪಣEಾBದುF, ಗGH 2ಾಷJದ 9ಂಗKL ಅಧ MಯN ಸಂಬಳ Pಗುವ ಲಸದದುF
ಎಂಬು=ಾB 9Kದು ಬಂತು. ಅವರ ಾSಯವರು ಆTಾLU ಅEಾೂೕಗVWೕXತ2ಾದಂY ಅವರ Zಾಳ[ ವ.ಸುವದZಾ7B \ಾಯಂ ಆB
ನವ]ಹL ವTಾವ^Lೂಳು_ವ ಎಂಬು=ಾB ತನ, ಪ9,L ಅವನು `ನಂ9Pದ. ಅವರ ಪ9,ಯು ಸಂYೂೕಷaಂದ ಒWcದರು ಮತುd eಾರತದ
2ಾಜfಾ1gಾದ ನವ]ಹL ವTಾವ^Lೂಂಡು ಅEಾೂೕಗVWೕXತ2ಾದ ಗಂಡನ ಾSಯ #ೕh ಾಡುಾd [ೕ`ಸು9dದFರು. ಸಮಯ
ಕ*ದಂY ಾSಯವರು 1ರಂತರ+ಾB ಅEಾೂೕಗVೂ7ಳTಾಗು9dದFರು ಮತುd ಮಗನು ಗGi ನನ ೖತುಂjಾ ಸಂಬಳದ ಲಸವನು,
ತV[P, ನವ]ಹL ಬಂದರು ಮತುd ಾಕಷುk ಉತdಮ ಸಂಬಳ`ರದ ಲಸ7 #ೕೂಂಡರು. ನವ]ಹಯmೕ ಅವರು ತಮ6 ಾS
ಮತುd nಂಡ9/ಂaL [ೕ`ಸYೂಡBದರು. ಾSಯವರು ತಮ6 ಮಂXಯ oೂೕ`1ಂ=ಾB pೕಲ7 ಹ9d ಮoಯ pೕ ಸೂಯನ
qಳrನ ಕುKತುೂಳ_ಲು ಆಗು9dಲhಂದು ಅವರು ಗಮ1Pದರು. ಈ Zಾರಣaಂದ ಮoಯ ಮೂಯ %ಾಗವನು, ಾX ಅ
ಎhೕಟ' ವVವ#tಯನು, ಾXPದರು. ]ೕವರ ದmSಂದ 21 oೕ ಶತಾನದಲೂ ಾನ`ೕಯY ಮತುd ದmSರುವ
ವVrdಗKರುವದು ಸಂYೂೕಷದ ಸಂಗ9. ಈ ದಂಪ9ಗಳು ಾಡುವ uvೕಷಕರ #ೕhಯು ಲವL nೂwkrಚುy ಮೂXಸಬಹುದು. ಆ
ಹುಡುಗ ಮತುd ಅವನ nಂಡ9ಯು 1ಜ+ಾB ]ೕವರ ಆ]ೕಶದಂY Zಾಯ1ವ.ಸು9d=ಾF: ಕು2ಾNನ nೕKರುವಂY uvೕಷಕರು ಮತುd
ಸಂಬಂಕರ Zಾಳ[ಯನು, ಎಷುk ಾಧVhvೕ ಅಷುk ಾಡqೕಕು (ಕು2ಾN 4.36). z<ೕ ಮಹಮ6$ ಇZಾ0G ಅವರೂ ಸಹ
ಇಷುkಪ<ಾಣದ uvೕಷಕರ pೕನ W<ೕ9ಯ ಕುತು ಆಶyಯಚrತ2ಾB=ಾF.
Ye faizan-e nazarthayakimaktabkikaraamatthi
Sikhaayekis-ne Ismaeelkoadaab-e farzandee
-ೈಾ-ಇನಝಾಾಮಕಕಾಮ
ಾೕ-ೆಇಾ ೋಆ#ಾ$-ಇಫಾಂ#ೇ
Was it the school lesson or parental upbringing that taught Ismail (Ishmael) what should he happily
forbear for the sake of his parents' pleasure ?
ತಮ6 uvೕಷಕರ ಸಂYೂೕಷZಾ7B ಸಂYೂೕಷaಂದ ಸ.Pೂಳ_qೕಂದು gಾವ 8ಾ4ಾ {ಾಠ ಅಥ+ಾ uvೕಷಕರ ಆೖಯು ಇಾ6SG
(ಇ~ಾ.G) ಅವL ಕPೂkತು?
While the significance of serving the parents is generally well known let's try to understand what God
has enjoined upon us in respect of our relatives. In order to describe the relatives God has used two
types of terms in the Quran: Arhaam and Aqraboon or other derivatives of the 3-letter Arabic root QRB
like Qurba, Aqrabeen, Maqraba. Arhaam is plural of Rahm that's the chamber in the mother's
sacrosanct body in which the human being gestates. But as a collective noun, Arhaam has been used
in Quran Kareem to describe one's extended family comprising all the relatives both through birth and
matrimony. As per divine instruction each one of us has to continuously and duly discharge the
obligations of kinship (4.1). Maulana Abdul MajidDaryabadi writes in Tafseer-e-Majidi that according to
the divine law (Shari'at) the kinship group is the basic unit of society. Prophetic tradition says that,
hanging from the celestial throne, the womb supplicates God to 'bless those who augment me and
censure those who frustrate my centrifugal aspirations'. Quranic commentators mutually agree that
patronizing the relatives is a fundamental obligation of faith (Wajib) and to deliberately disregard them
is sacrilegious. For this, the individual is under continuous divine surveillance. The Prophet (S) also
exhorted that even if the other fellow tries to sabotage the relationship bond, one should still stick on
unilaterally. He declared: Whosoever wishes augmentation of provisions and elongation of life period
must indulge in obliging and appeasing the relatives (Sila-Rahmi). uvೕಷಕL #ೕh ಸಸುವದರ {ಾ<ಮುಖVYಯ
ಕುಾB ಾಾನV+ಾB Eಾ,B 9KaದFರೂ, ನಮ6 ಸಂಬಂಕL ಸಂಬಂPದಂY ]ೕವರು ನಮ6 pೕ gಾವ ಸೂಚoಗಳನು,
1ೕX=ಾFoಂದು ಅಥಾXೂಳ_ಲು ಪ<ಯ9,#ೂೕಣ. ಸಂಬಂಕರನು, `ವಸಲು ]ೕವರು ಎರಡು ಪ<Zಾರದಪದಗಳನು, ಕು2ಾNನ
ಬಳP=ಾF:ಅಾ ಮತುd ಅಗಬೂ
ಅಥ+ಾ ಕುಾ, ಅಕೕ
, ಾಗಾ ನಂತಹ 3-ಅರದ ಅೕ ಮೂಲ ಕೂVಆ'ಐಯ
ವVತcನ,ಗಳು. ಅಾ ಎನು,ವದು ರಹ ಎನು,ವದರ ಬಹುವಚನ+ಾBದುF, ಇದು ಮನುಷVನು ಗಭದ ಇರುವ ಾSಯ
ಪರಮಪ`ತ< ]ೕಹದನ `eಾಗ+ಾB]. ಆದ ಒಾk Eಾಮಪದ+ಾB, ಜನನaಂದ .Xದು ಮದುhಯ ಮೂಲಕದ ಎ4ಾ
ಸಂಬಂಗಳನು, ಒಳLೂಂXರುವದನು, ಸೂಸಲು ಅಾ ಎನು,ವದನು, ಕು2ಾN ಕೕನ ಬಳಸ4ಾಗುತd]. ]ೕವರ ಆಯ
ಪ<Zಾರ Eಾhಲರೂ ರಕdಸಂಬಂಧದ jಾಧVYಗಳನು, ಸತತ+ಾB ಮತುd ಸgಾB 1ವಹ^ ಾಡqೕಕು (4.1). ೌ4ಾEಾ ಅಬುFG
ಾ[$ ದgಾಬa ಅವರು ತೕ-ಇ-ಾ ನ ಬಯುವಂY ]ೕವರ Zಾನೂ1ನ ಪ<Zಾರ (ಶಯ) ರಕdಸಂಬಂಗಳ ಗುಂಪ
ಸಾಜದ ಮೂಲಭೂತ ಘಟಕ+ಾB]. ಪ<+ಾaಯ ಸಂಪ<=ಾಯಗಳು nೕಳುವಂY, ]ೕವೂೕಕದ Pಂಾಸನaಂದ, ಭೂ<ಣವ ]ೕವL
‘ನನ,ನು, gಾರು qಳವLLೂKಸುಾd ಅವರನು, ಅನುಗ<.ಸು ಮತುd gಾರು ನನ, ೕಂa<ೕಕೃತ ಬಯಗKL ಅXಪXಸುಾd
ಅವರನು, ಖಂXಸು’ ಎಂಬು=ಾB {ಾ<ಸುತd]. ಕು2ಾ1ನ ಕುತು ಅ{ಾ<ಯ ವVಕdಪXಸುವವರು ಪರಸcರ ಒಪcವ ಪ<Zಾರ ಸಂಬಂಗKL
qಂಬಲ 1ೕಡುವದು ನಂಯ (ಾ) ಮೂಲಭೂತ jಾಧVYgಾB] ಮತುd ಅವರನು, ಉ]FೕಶಪvವZಾB Tೌರ`ಸ]ೕ ಇರುವದು
ಅಪಾರ+ಾB]. ಇದZಾ7B, ವVrdಯು 1ರಂತರ+ಾB ]ೕವರ pೕಾರ^ಯರುಾd. ಒಂದು hೕ* ಮYೂdಬ0 ವVrdಯು
ಸಂಬಂಧವನು, ಾPLೂKಸಲು ಪ<ಯ9,Pದರೂ, ವVrdಯು ಏಕಪೕಯ+ಾB ಸಂಬಂಧದ ಇರqೕಕು ಎಂಬು=ಾB ಪ<+ಾa (ಎ)
ಒಾdಯಪXಸುಾd. ಅವರು nೕಳುವಂY: gಾರು 1ಬಂಧoಗಳ qಳವLಯನು, ಬಯಸುಾdೂೕ ಮತುd [ೕ`ಾವಯ nಚyಳವನು,
ಬಯಸುಾdೂೕ, ಅವರು ಸಂಬಂಗಳನು, ತೃWdಪXಸುವ ಮತುd ಸಂYೂೕಷಪXಸುವ Zಾಯದ YೂಡBPೂಳ_qೕಕು (ಾ-ರಹ).
Abu Huraira (R) complained, "I try to strengthen the bonding while some of the relatives frustrate my
efforts"; the Prophet (S) informed him that till he does that an angel would remain deployed by his side.
God further desires (26.214) us to keep reminding the society about such injunctions of Shari'at. Also,
He cautions us that the relatives deserve our attention on priority vis a vis the other members of the
society (33.6). According to Tafhim-ul-Quran any act of charity done ignoring and superseding the
needy relatives doesn't squarely measure up to the divine reckoning. There is a special mention in the
Book regarding helping the relatives who are orphan (Yateemanzamaqraba - 90.15) that commands
greater reward. We are forewarned (47.22) that our going against these heavenly writs may tantamount
to twisting the basic infrastructure leading to societal upheaval; God detests and deprecates such
assailants of His design. Tafhim-ul-Quran says that this verse enlists Qata-Rahmi (cutting off a natural
relationship) among the fundamental prohibitions (Haraam). Conversely, Sila-Rahmi has been
bracketed (2.177, 4.36)among the best deeds (A'maal-e-Saaleh).
ಅಬು ಹುೖ2ಾ (ಆ') ದೂರು 1ೕXರುವಂY, “ Eಾನು ಬಂಧವನು, ಬಲLೂKಸಲು ಪ<ಯ9,P] ಆದ ಲವ ನನ, ಪ<ಯತ,ಗಳನು,
1ಷHಲLೂKPದರು”; ಆಗ ಪ<+ಾa (ಎ) ಅವ1L 1ೕವ ಾL ಾಡುವ ತನಕ 1ಮ6 ಬK ]ೕವದೂತoೂಬ0ನನು, 1/ೕ[ಸ4ಾಗುತd]
ಎಂದು ಾ.9 1ೕಡುಾd. ಶಯನ ಅಂತಹ ಆಗಳ ಕುತು ಸಾಜವನು, ಒಗUಾkBರುವಂYಯೂ ]ೕವರು ಬಯಸುಾd
(26.214). ಾLmೕ ಸಾಜದ ಇತರ ಸದಸVರ ಮೂಲಕ ಸಂಬಂಗಳು ಆದVYಯ pೕL ನಮ6 Zಾಳ[L ಅಹ2ಾBರುಾdಂದು ಸಹ
ಅವರು ನಮL ಎಚyಸುಾd (33.6). ಾೕ-ಉ!-ಕು"ಾ
ಪ<Zಾರ ಸಂಬಂಗಳನು, 1ಲP ಮತುd ತK_ ಾr ಾಡುವ
gಾವ]ೕ =ಾನವನು, ಾಡುವ Zಾಯವ ]ೕವರ `8ಾಸವನು, ಅಳY ಾಡುವaಲ. ಅEಾಥ2ಾBರುವ ಸಂಬಂಕL ಸಾಯ
ಾಡುವ ಕುಾB ಪಸdಕದ `ೕಷ ಪ<ಾdಪ`ದುF (ಯ9ೕಾನಂಾಾಗ<eಾ – 90.15), ಇದು nಚುy ಪ<9ಫಲ7
ಅಹ+ಾBರುತd]. ಈ ಅ4ೌrಕ ಬರಹಗಳ `ರುದ>+ಾB Zಾಯ1ವ.ಸುವದು ಸಾಜದ ಉನ,9L Zಾರಣ+ಾಗುವ ಮೂಲಭೂತ
ವVವ#tಯನು, ಬದಸುವದ7 ಸಮEಾBರಬಹುದು; ]ೕವರು ಇಂತಹ =ಾKೂೕರರನು, ತನ,]ೕ ೕ9ಯ ಕಂಡು.Xಯುಾd ಮತುd
ಅವರ ಕುಾB ಅಸಮ69 ವVಕdಪXಸುಾd. ತ.-ಉG-ಕು2ಾN nೕಳುವಂY ಮೂಲಭೂತ 1ೕಧಗಳ (ಹ"ಾ) ಈ ಾಲು
Zಾಾ-2ಾ.6 (ಾeಾ`ಕ+ಾದ ಸಂಬಂಧವನು, Yೂ:ದುಾಕುವದು) L #ೕರುತd]. ಮYೂdಂ]:, P4ಾ-ರ.6ಯನು, ಅತುVತdಮ
ಲಸಗಳ (ಅ’ಾ!-ಇ-#ಾ$%) ಒಂ=ಾB #ೕಸ4ಾB] (2.777, 4.36)
According to the commentators all the relatives - distant & close - of an individual constitute what is
known as ZawilArhaam. For special consideration of this group God has used (42.23) the term AlmawaddataFil-Qurba. Closer the relationship more intense is the obligation and bigger is the sin for
pausing or laying off the relationship. As per divine scheme ZawilArhaam has been made internally
self-sufficient. In a kaleidoscope, turning around the cylinder in a circular motion shows different
designs and colour combinations. Similar is the internal mechanism of ZawilArhaam: in the group of
relatives some are very rich, some very poor, some on the threshold, some very learned, some
illiterate, but the group as a whole is internally self-reliant. God keeps a tab on every group member as
to his/her behavior with others. God's minimum expectation from us under Sila-Rahmi is to "not avoid
what best one is capable of doing" for the fellow group members. In two verses of Quran Karim (17.26
& 30.38) Sila-Rahmi has been declared as the right of the needy relatives in the assets & capabilities of
the better off members of ZawilArhaam. Mind you, God may sometimes even turn around the
kaleidoscope of ZawilArhaam and thereafter the red color may begin looking white ..and the white, pink
etc. Qata-Rahmiis ill-treatment with the relatives or deliberately not doing what best one is capable of
doing with the relatives. In 17.26 God enjoins upon us not to be spend-thrift and squander away our
wealth & income and, instead, discharge the obligations of the needy relatives.
ಅ{ಾ<ಯ9Kಸುವವರಪ<ZಾರವVrdಯದೂರದಸಂಬಂಕೕಇರಅಥ+ಾಹ9dರದಸಂಬಂಕೕಇರ,
ಇದು&ಾ'!ಅಾಎಂದುಕಯ4ಾಗುವದನು,ರೂWಸುತd]. ಈಗುಂWನ`ೕಷಪಗಣoTಾB, ]ೕವರುಅ!-ಾಾ(ಾ)*ಾ!ಕುಾಎಂಬಪದವನು, (42.23) ಬಳP=ಾF.
ಸಂಬಂಧವಹ9dರ+ಾದಷೂkjಾಧVYಗಳುnಾyBರುತd]ಮತುdಸಂಬಂಧವನು,ಡುವಅಥ+ಾಅದನು,Yೂ:ದುಾಕುವದ7{ಾಪವvಸಹಅ
kೕnಾyBರುತd]. ]ೕವರಪ<Zಾರ, %ಾ`Gಅಾಅನು,ಸಯಂಶrdಯುತLೂKಸ4ಾB]. ZಾV:ೂೕ#ೂ7ೕನ,
PಂಡಸುತdಲೂವೃಾdZಾರದಚಲoಯ9ರುವದಂದ`ನ,`EಾVಸಗಳುಮತುdಬಣದಸಂ/ೕಜoಗಳುZಾಸುತdh.
ಇ]ೕೕ9&ಾ'!ಅಾವVವ#tಯೂಆB]: ಸಂಬಂಗಳಗುಂWನಲವರುz<ೕಮಂತರುಾd, ಲವರುಬಡವರುಾd,
ಲವಒಂದುM9/ಳBರುಾd, ಲವರುಕ9ರುಾd, ಲವರುಅನರಸt2ಾBರುಾd,
ಆದಒಾkgಾBಗುಂಪಆಂತಕ+ಾBಸಯಂ-ಅವಲಂತ+ಾBರುತd].
ಪ<9ಗುಂಪಸದಸVರಮYೂdಬ0ೂಂaBನನಡವKಯಕುಾBಗಮನ`kರುಾd. ಾರ+,ಯಅXಯನM6ಂದ]ೕವರುಕ1ಷ1ೕಸುವ]ೕoಂದನಮ6ಸಹೂYTಾರL
"ನM6ಂದಅತುVತdಮ+ಾBಾಡಲುಾಧV`ರುವದನು,ತWcಸ]ೕಇರುವದು" ಆB]. ಕು2ಾನ7ೕನಎರಡುಾಲುಗಳ (17.26 ಮತುd
30.38) ಾ-
ರ+,ಯು ೂೕ¡PರುವಂYಅಗತV`ರುವಸಂಬಂಗKLಜ'!ಅಾನಸಂಬಂಸದಸVರಸತುdಗಳುಮತುdಾಮಥVಗಳನು,ಪ:ದುೂ
ಳು_ವಹr7], ಗಮನದX,
]ೕವರುಜ'!ಅಾನZಾV:ೂೕ#ೂ7ೕಪ¢ತdಲೂಕೂಡ9ರುಗಬಹುದುಮತುdಆನಂತರಂಪಬಣವKಯ=ಾFBZಾಣಲು{ಾ<ರಂಸಬ
ಹುದುಮತುdKಯುಗು4ಾಬಣ=ಾFBZಾಣಬಹುದು. .ಾ/*ಾರ+,ಯಸಂಬಂಗಳನು,ಸgಾBಆೖಾಡ]ೕಇರುವದುಅಥ+ಾಾಡಲುಾಮಥV`ರು+ಾಗಲೂಉ]Fೕಶಪvವಕ+ಾBಉತdಮ+ಾB
ಾಡ]ೕಇರುವದು. 17.26
ನ]ೕವರುನಮLಆPdಮತುdಆ=ಾಯವನು,uvೕಲುಾಡ]ೕMತವVಯLೂKಸುವಂYಮತುdಅಗತV`ರುವಸಂಬಂಗKLಾಡqೕZಾದಕತ
ವVಗಳನು,ಾಡುವಂYನಮL9KP=ಾF.
Simultaneously, God has also put a caveat (60.3) that even in order to favor the relatives nothing
should be done in violation of God's law otherwise on the Judgement Day the relatives too would not be
of help. Also in 4.135 God clarifies that we are expected to remain on the side of justice even though it
goes against ourselves, our parents or any other relatives; be he/she rich or poor, God warrants our
obedience in supersession of his/her interests. We need not let our desires have the upper hand vis a
vis the divinely mandated straight path and should, rather, fulfill the promise that we've made to our
Creator (6.152). God told the Prophet (S), 'Say, I do not ask from you for any compensation (for guiding
to the right path) except valuing the natural relationships'. The scriptural research done by the famous
commentator Hazrat Ashraf Ali Thanvi (R) tells us that patronizing the relatives amounts to pure
observance of faith (Iman).
ಒಂ]ೕಸಮಯ7, ]ೕವರುೕ`m£ಅನೂ,ಸಹ (60.3) ಾrದುF,
ಸಂಬಂಗKLಸಾಯಾಡುವದZಾ7B]ೕವರZಾನೂನನು,ಉಲಂ¤Pqೕನನು,ಾಡjಾರದು,
ಇಲaದF1fಾರದaನದಂದುಸಂಬಂಕರೂಸಹಸಾಯಾಡುವದZಾ7ಗುವaಲ. ಾLmೕ]ೕವರು 4.135
ನಸc¡kೕಕಸುವ]ೕoಂದನಮ6,
ನಮ6uvೕಷಕರಅಥ+ಾಇತರgಾವ]ೕಸಂಬಂಕರ`ರುದ>+ಾBEಾVಯವnೂೕದರೂEಾವEಾVಯದಪರ+ಾBmೕಇರqೕಂದು1ೕಸ4ಾB
]; ಅವನು/ಅವಳುಎkೕz<ೕಮಂತಅಥ+ಾಬಡವ2ಾBದFರೂ, ಅವರಆಸrdಗಳನು,ತK_ಾಕುವನಮ6`¥ೕಯYಯನು,ಬಯಸುಾd.
]ೖವಕ+ಾBnೕಳಲcಟkoೕರ+ಾದಾaಯಬದಲುನಮ6ಆಸrdಗಳುpೕ6ೖಾಸಲುEಾವಡjಾರದುಮತುdಬದ4ಾBನಮ61ಾತೃL
(6.152) Eಾವ1ೕXದಭರವ#ಯನು,ಪvಣLೂKಸqೕಕು. ]ೕವರುಪ<+ಾa (ಎ) LnೕKರುವ]ೕoಂದ
"Eಾನು1ಮLಾeಾ`ಕಸಂಬಂಧಗKLTೌರವ1ೕಡುವದನು,ಟುk1M6ಂದgಾವ]ೕಪಾರವನು,
(ಸೂಕdಾaಯಾಗುವದ7ಾಗದಶನ) ೕಳುವaಲ'. nಸ2ಾಂತ+ಾV\ಾV1gಾದಹಝರಅಶ<ಅಥ1 (ಆ')
ಅವರುಾXದfಾMಕಸಂೂೕಧoಯುನಮL9KಸುವಂYಸಂಬಂಗKLಸಾಯಹಸd1ೕಡುವದುಪಶುದ>+ಾದನಂಯಆಚರ^LZಾರಣ
+ಾಗುತd] (ಇಾ)
The author is President, Zakat Foundation of India ZakatIndia.org
$ೕಖಕರು ಜ.ಾ2 3ೌಂ6ೕಶ
ಆ9 ಇಂ:;ಾದ ಅಧ>?"ಾ@AಾBC ZakatIndia.org

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