int TaNaKh Academy Center for Exegetical Expertise Syllabus Sephardic/Classical Hebrew Structural Overview ~l'w[O h; $l,m, Wnhewla/ hwhy ht"a; $WrB" “BARUCH ATAH YHWH ELOHEINU MELEK HA’OLAM” (Blessed are you, YHWH our Powers, the eternal King) Wisdom and knowledge will be the stability of your times, And the strength of deliverance; The fear of YHWH is His treasure. [Isaiah 33:6] Thanks for the honor of YHWH through Yahshua HaMashiach For His divine wisdom and guidance As His powerful hand leads to fulfill His purpose In bringing to maturity His bride Prepared for the honor of His return. Documentation by Antoine Zeigler D.D. © 2004 TaNaKh ACADEMY - All Rights Reserved www.tanakhassembly.org Without some knowledge of the original grammar, one cannot be an independent student, or a reliable interpreter of the words of YHWH. They will be like a carpenter starting work with no tools, with which, one can teach with integrity, authority and exegetical expertise. Isaiah 8:20 states: “… If they do not speak according to this word, it is because there is no diligence in them”. Isaiah 55:11 states: “So shall My word be that goes forth from My mouth; It shall not return to Me void, except it has accomplished what I please, and it shall prosper in that for which I sent it”. John 8:32 states: “And you shall know the truth, and the truth shall make you free”. Freedom From Sin! Zephaniah 3:9 states: "Because then I will change unto the peoples a purified lip/language, all of them, to call by name "Yahweh", to serve Him as one shoulder." 1 Peter 2:2 states “… long for the, without admixture, milk of the word, that you may increase into salvation,” That which came from the mouth of YHWH, the original writings, He has preserved and kept undefiled. Translations, although sincerely transcribed, are from men. Jeremiah 8:20 states: “The harvest is past, the summer is ended, and we are not delivered.” The focus of the TaNaKh Academy is:  To teach with accurate interpretation and exegetical expertise  To equip in making disciples  To minister effectively and globally “For the equipping of the saints to the work of ministry, for the building up of the body of Yahshua, till we all come to the unity of the faith and of the knowledge of the Son of the Powers, into a man of maturity, into the measure of the stature of the fullness of the Anointing.” Eph. 4:12-13. Regiment of the Limud (disciple) Repetition is learning!!! Review is Wisdom… Daily Bread - Read the word 3 times a day!  Breakfast - 1 Chapter Psalms, 1 Chapter Proverbs  Lunch - 2 Chapters New Covenant  Dinner - 2 Chapters First Covenant Repetitious reading, writing and oral pronunciation of classical Hebrew Alpeh-Bet and grammar principles. Tools for exegesis:  Hebrew/Greek Interlinear (bad Greek is excellent Hebrew)  Hebrew/Greek Etymological Dictionary  A translation that affords one to find the root of the words translated from Hebrew and Greek Basic information on Scriptural Hebrew       Original Language of Man. It reads from right to left. There are 22 consonants; 27 forms. Pictorial as well as phonetic (spoken). Words contain a three-letter stem called shoresh (root). The stem is affixed: prefixed, infixed or suffixed for word building. tvcrqxpusnmlkyfjzwhdgba Aleph a silent None Beth, B b b v b Gimel G g g in go g in growl g Daleth D d d th in this d He h h h Waw w w w Zayin z z z Heth or Cheth j ch in Bach ch Teth f th th Yod y y in yet y Kaph K k k ch in Bach k Lamed l l l Mem m < m m Nun n / n n Samek s s s Ayin u silent none Pe P p [ p f p ph Tsade x J ts in tsetse fly ts Qoph q q q Resh r r r Sin c s s Shin v sh in shine sh Taw T t t th t Bheth i BEGADKEPHATS T P K D G B Taw Pe Kaph Daleth Gimel Beth A dot used within a letter is called a dagesh. It can be one of two kinds: dagesh lene (“weak dagesh” hardens pronunciation) and dagesh forte (“strong dagesh” doubles in transliteration). 1) There are six Hebrew letters which have alternate sounds designated by a dagesh lene. The dot, dagesh lene, hardens these letters (designating them as a „stop‟, like the English „p‟ and „b‟; a short stopping of air). These letters without the dot are soft (designating them as a „spirant‟, like the English „f‟ or „v‟; the friction of air passing through the oral passage). These six letters are designated by the mnemonic “begadkephat”. FINAL FORM i.e. a special form of the letter, which must be used if the letter occurs at the end of a word J [ / < i Final Tsade Final Pe Final Nun Final Mem Final Kaph Careful attention must be paid to distinguish between consonants of similar form. b and k G and n r, d and i < and s H and j f and m y, w and / u, x and J VOWEL LETTERS Doubled as vowels before 6th century A.D. . y w h Yodh Waw Hey VOWEL POINTS Professional term: Diacritical marks Added to Hebrew language 6th-7th Century A.D. Name Symbol Sound Transliteration Qamats * a in father ah Pathach ^ a in father a e in they ei e in they ei @ Tsere Tsere Yod @ y Segol # e in set eh Chireq ! ee in meet ee ee in meet ee o in pole o o in pole o oo in pool oo oo in pool oo e in met ½ vocal e Chireq Yod ! y ) Cholem Cholem-waw ‫ֹו‬ % Qibbuts Shureq Shewa W + RULES FOR PRONUNCIATION There are as many syllables as there are vowel sounds. There are two types – Open and Closed OPEN AND CLOSED SYLLABLES Taking as our example the two syllable word lf^q* (qa-tal) the syllable q* (qa) ends in a vowel and is said to be “open”, whereas the syllable lf^ (tal) ends in a consonant and is said to be “closed”. Definition: An open syllable is one which ends in a vowel, and a closed syllable is one which ends in a consonant. Always remember: Consonant vowel (Open) Consonant vowel consonant (Closed) SYNTAX Hebrew word order: Verb, Adv, Noun, Adj, Object Verb roots are in the perfect state: 3rd pers., masc., sing. No tense in Hebrew (present, past, future) it is in a state of being  Perfect state: Completed action  Imperfect state: Incomplete or linear action  Participle state: Continuous action  Imperative state: Command (kind of action) GUTTERAL LETTERS u j h a Ayin Cheth Hey Aleph QUIESCENT LETTERS y w h a Yodh Waw Hey Aleph  SILENT LETTERS u a Ayin Aleph INSEPARABLE PREPOSITIONS  Used to prefix a word to show relation of one noun to another /m! l= K= B= Min Lamed Kaph Beth From To As In Apart For Like With Towards According to By Similar to Against Out of (case of separation) (instrumental) PRONOMINAL PREFIXES n t y a Nun Taw Yod Aleph 1p, com, pl 3p, fem / 2p, m 3p, masc, sing 1p, com, sing  Pronominal prefixes change the state of the verb from perfect to imperfect.  Pronominal suffixes show case of possession. PRONOMINAL SUFFIXES y ] my, me  1p, com, sing ; + you 2p, mas, sing i= you 2p, fem, sing o his,him 3p, mas, sing H ` her 3p, fem, sing Wn } our 1p, com, pl <k# * your 2p, mas, pl /k# * your 2p, fem, pl < * their 3p, mas, pl / * their 3p, fem, pl HEBREW VERB-ROOT – BINYANIM (‘buildings’) The Hebrew verb-root is conjugated under seven heads. 1. Simple active rb^v* “he has broken” Qal lq* 2. Simple Passive rB^v=n! “he was broken” Niph‟al lu^p=n! 3. Intensive Active rB@v! “he hath utterly broken, shattered Pi‟el lu@P! 4. Intensive Passive rB^v% “he was utterly broken, shattered Pu‟al lu^P% 5. Causative Active lyD!g=h! “he hath made great; magnified Hiph‟il lyu!P=h! 6. Causative Passive lD^g=h* “he was made great; magnified Hoph‟al lu^P=h* 7. Intensive Reflexive lD@G^t=h! “he hath Hithpa‟eil made himself great; magnified lu@P^t=h! `^r,m.v.yIw> hw"hy> ^k.r,b'y `&'N<xuywI ^yl,ae wyn"P' hw"hy> raey" `~Alv' ^l. ~fey"w> ^yl,ae wyn"P' hw"hy> aF'yI The YHWH bless you, and keep you: The YHWH make his face shine upon you, and be gracious unto you: The YHWH lift up his countenance upon you, and give you peace. Num 6:24-26