新たに発生するサイバーセキュリティの脅威：今後の展望

新たに発生するサイバーセキュリティの脅威：
今後の展望
Leonard Ong, CISA, CISM, CRISC, CGEIT, CoBIT 5 Implementer & Assessor
19 June 2016
AGENDA：
1. サイバーセキュリティの現在
2. 2018年の脅威の展望
3. その後の展開
4. 重要なポイント
サイバー
セキュリティの現
在
重大な経済的損失を引き起こすサイバーインシデント
IP Theft in United States
>$ 300 Billion
IP Commission Report
Ponemon Institute
Singapore
$ 1 Billion
Losses from Cybercrime
$ 575 Billion
Symantec
McAfee
2015
GLOBAL
CYBERSEC
URITY
STATUS
REPORT
８３％
世界中で3,400以上の被害
の人がサイバー攻撃はビジネスに与える脅威のトップ3であると認識している。にもかかわらず
３８％
の人しか洗練された攻撃への準備ができていないと回答。
VISIT : WWW.ISACA.ORG/CYBERSECURITYREPORT
2015
GLOBAL
CYBERSEC
URITY
STATUS
REPORT
８６％
の人がサイバーセキュリティのスキル不足を感じている
VISIT WWW.ISACA.ORG/CYBERSECURITYREPORT
世界中で3,400以上の被害
経営者の視点から見るサイバーセキュリティ
>経営者の65%が、サイバーリスクが高いレベルに到達し
た、もしくは、上昇したと証言しました。
58%が以前からもっと策を講じておくべきだったとする中で
、実際に行動を起こしたのは14%に過ぎません。
2018年の
脅威の展望
T
L
IC
CH
economic
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6
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For
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O G remain restrictions
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maywill
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an area of rapid change and thus features in many of the threats
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on the movement of people and goods across
making
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this report.
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9
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Figure
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1
10
countries.
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abythird
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LL I T I CC A
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world
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report may be viewed.
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could
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of
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and regulation will continue to grow. While much of this change
2
world
power.
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nuclear
deal R
C
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ONOM
is pervasive and change is likely to be The
maypipeline
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by organisations
as burdensome,
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of legislation
and
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to grow.
While compliance:
much of this change
E continue
ONM
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or
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keep
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a burdensome,
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compliance:
so, when
will
the
first
fines
be imposed
for non-compliance
the face
of these changing
accompanied
by
significant
and
swift
impact.
The
of
legislation
and
regulation
will
continue
to
grow.
While
much
of
this
change
4 pipeline
11
growing US economy and rising interest rates.
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equal
concern
are
the
potential
will
the first hefty
fines
be time,
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non-compliance
in the
of these
demands?
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of one or more
political
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they
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that
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11
demands?
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to challenge
the
reader,
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5are described
against
organisations
that
fail
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powers,
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as many
try to
with
jeopardising
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Will
4 they become apathetic to information security incidents, or will they bring legal action
US economy
and
rising
interest 1).
rates.
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equal concern
thecustomer
potential
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trust,
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PESTLE
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effects
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in price
turn lead
to the failure
and media
backlash,low
andcommodity
a substantial
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share
will combine
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Despite the seemingly positive
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MembersPersistent
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6
SO
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or more
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thatposition.
rely
on high
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prices,outcome
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organisation
an unrecoverable
deflation
andin
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will continue
to heavily
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For
some,
CIAL
Despite
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from
the 2015
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(COP21),
global
warming
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weather
systems,
5
this
will create
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mobility
seek
work,
but
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social
cost?
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jeopardising
future
supplies.
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next
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first
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of conditions
a large
Conference
(COP21),
global
factors and
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from
their
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12 warming will continue to wreak havoc on weather systems,
people
and
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sidefrom
effects
may
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major outages
inChange
power and
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12 towards
could
well bedue
set to further
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free incident.
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capitalism
alternative
organisation
a majorfuel
information
security
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customer
people
and economies.
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side effects
may
include
major
outages
in power
and
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of other key
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clean water.
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with
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and initiatives
7
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to Businesses
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experience
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andsuch
andwhen
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and
a substantial
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in
share
pricehighly
will
combine
to will
shortages
of(COP21),
other
key
resources
as
clean
water.
with
plans
and
initiatives
12 severe weather will suffer. The future of alternative energy
in
regions
susceptible
to
people
and
economies.
Unwanted
sidewill
effects
may
include
N O O Goutages in power and
consequences
forunrecoverable
organisations position.
around
the
world.8 to severe
place
organisation
in an
in
regions
susceptible
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futuremajor
of Lalternative energy
set out infar-reaching
thisthat
report.
sources
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arrays
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continued
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other
key
resources
such
as
clean
water.
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with plans
sources such as wind farms, tidal lagoons and solar
arrays are expected
to face
continued
13
opposition,
possibly jeopardising
their future.
in regions susceptible
to severe weather
will suffer.
The future of alternative energy
13
opposition,
possibly jeopardising
their future.
1 P. Wintour, “G20 to discuss threat of Isis infiltrators among EU migrants after Paris attacks”, The Guardian, 15 November
2015,
sources such as wind farms, tidal lagoons and solar arrays are expected to face continued
www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/15/g20-cameron-world-leaders-turkey-paris-attacks-syria
Technology
will
remain
an
area
of
rapid
change
and thus
featuresjeopardising
in many of their
the threats
future.13
2 N. MacFarquhar and S. Erlanger, “NATO-Russia Tensions Rise After Turkey Downs Jet”, The New York Times, 24opposition,
November
2015, possibly
www.nytimes.com/2015/11/25/world/europe/turkey-syria-russia-military-plane.html?_r=0
in this report. DuringSignificant
the next two years,
it isof
feasible
that the first
cyber-related
deaths
acts
terrorism
will
continue,
with varying responses from leading
3 R. Gladstone and T. Erdbrink, “Tensions in Iran After Nuclear Deal Grow in Hostility”, The New York Times, 15 November 2015,
9
www.nytimes.com/2015/11/16/world/middleeast/tensions-in-iran-after-nuclear-deal-grow-in-hostility.html
will occur, especially as new health or
transport
systems
are
hacked.
A
severe
and
1
S
THE NEXT TWO TYEARS
SO
N
I
経済動向
E
ENV
E
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PP
技術動向
法律・制
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L
環境影響
TEC
H
T
AL
S
IC
社会動向
E
IC
H
政治動向
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PESTLE MODEL
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GAL
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countries. As a result, politically motivated changes may introduce restrictions
4 L. Phillips, “Forex focus: Fed’s first rate rise in 10 years will have a global impact”, The Telegraph, 1 December 2015,
脅威 1.1
IoT（Internet of Things）による機密情報漏洩
影響：
• 被害の発生に伴う罰金や法的費用の高まり
• 法的責任の増加
• 信用リスク
推奨：
•
•
•
•
IoT導入に先立つ、同意の獲得とデータ保護策の導入
ポリシー、利用規約の透明性と準拠性を確認
IoTを単なるデバイスの一分類と判断しない
ポリシー、基準、指針、プロセスをアップデート
Source: PerfectCloud.io
脅威 1.2
不透明なアルゴリズムが安全性の欠如につながる
影響：
• 維持メンテナンスされないアルゴリズムが収益の損失や遅延につながる
• 専門能力の欠如から、基幹システムの不具合が増加
• インシデント発生により信用に傷がつく
推奨：
•
•
•
•
脆弱性なアルゴリズムを利用するシステムの識別、法的責任の理解
コード管理ポリシーをアップデート
アルゴリズム関連インシデントに起因するリスク対処方法の代替手段を識別
堅牢な事業継続、復旧計画を指揮
Source: The Hacker News
脅威 1.3
ならず者政府がテロリストグループをサイバー攻撃に使用
影響：
• ブランドのダメージ、収益の減退や破産も
• SIEM (Security Information and Event Management)システムが度重なる
攻撃にさらされることによる事業の中断
推奨：
• リスク管理プロセスを採用し、新たな能力にて脅威に対処
• 既存のコントロールを評価、上昇しているレジリエンシーに集中
• 同様の脅威に直面する政府や組織との協力による脅威情報の共有を模索
Source: Security Intelligence
脅威 2.1
主要インシデントにより露見する経営陣の期待への相反
影響：
• 不完全なリスクアセスメントに起因する費用のかかるインシデント
• 意思決定の妨げとなる脅威とインシデントに対する能力欠如
推奨：
• 経営幹部と連動し信頼性の高いサイバーリスクを定期的に提供
• CISOと情報セキュリティ部門の現在と未来の能力に基づき、セキュリティ向上について
経営陣の期待と歩調を合わせる
• CISOおよび情報セキュリティ部門を専門家から信頼できるビジネスパートナーへと移管
するタレントプログラムの開始
• 他者から学習
Source: Slash Gear
脅威 2.2
研究者がセキュリティの脆弱性を隠蔽
影響：
• 修正が加えられるべき危険なソフトウェアに起因する、事業の中断
• 脆弱性をもみ消した行為が公になった時に、製造者の販売が減退
• 死亡事例の発生につながる脆弱性をもみ消した製造者へのダメージ
推奨：
• 責任感のある仕事をする研究者に経済的報酬を検討
• 仲介業者を採用し満足度の高い情報公開への合意を取り付ける
• 調達プロセスにおける高いレベルでの透明性を追求
Source: LinkedIn
脅威 2.3
サイバー保険セーフーティネットの消失
影響：
• 組織のリスク移管へのアクセス消失
• 代替策適用に伴う高いコスト
• 信用性評価によるサイバー保険市場の減速
推奨：
• 事前にリスク管理戦略を再評価、サイバー保険を通じて移管されるリスクを把握
• 潜在的に高費用な例外事象へのサイバー保険を精査
Source: Business Insider
脅威 3.1
破壊的な企業が政府の怒りをかう
影響：
• 政府と恊働せず反発する組織への莫大な罰金
• IT分野の企業はより厳しい監視の対象に
推奨：
• 地元での製品およびサービス提供の状況を理解し、政治的反発を回避
• 原理に基づく規則システムに特化した、政治的影響への明確なる戦略を考案
• 集約した影響についての可能性を検討
Source: Euractiv
脅威 3.2
規制がクラウドを分断
影響：
• クラウドサービスが複数の国に分断されることでオペレーションや製造に滞りが発生
• クラウドのコンプライアンス遵守のために追加のリソースが必要
• 組織自身がデータ保護関連の基準に適合する必要性
推奨：
• 規制は変容していくことを理解
• 先を見越し、後の祭りになる前に戦略を考案
Source: Security Intelligence
脅威 3.3
犯罪者の能力と国際警察とのギャップ
影響：
• 組織の技術的能力不足がサイバー犯罪の抑止に失敗しブランドが毀損
• eコマースの成長と不十分な国際法執行機関との協力により、発生した損失が
より一層悪化
• 海外でビジネスを行なう能力の低下
推奨：
• 脅威情報の充足と障害回復力の向上
• 先を見越して行動、政府に働きかけ国際的枠組みを構築
その後の展開
安全をデザイン、プライバシーをデザイン
1. テクノロジーは十分なセキュリティ機能を有し、顧客の手に渡る前に確実に設定され
なければなりません。
2. 個人データ保護の原則は、製品の機能や動作と一体化したものであることが重要
です。
3. ほんの少し努力すれば、専門的な知識がなくても顧客が製品を安全にできることが
求められます。
4. 製品の安全性を確保する上での負担は、販売側よりも顧客側において軽減される
べきです。
倫理的テクノロジーの開発
1. 製薬、医療、法律業界には厳しい検査と認可制度があり
ます。不意の事故や質の悪い薬の削減は、専門的人材の
削減にも繋がります。
2. 技術開発は社会、安全、プライバシーといった項目において
適切な検査を経るべきでしょう。
3. 安全なデザインとプライバシー保護のデザインは、それぞれ
別々に検査することが重要です。
重要なポイント
1. サイバー攻撃の被害と頻度は今後も増加
2. 知的財産の盗難から生じる損失は、サイバー犯罪のコストを圧倒的
に上回る
3. サイバー犯罪はビジネスや革新への“税金”
4. 堅牢なセキュリティとプライバシー保護を持たない崩壊的テクノロジー
5. 技術開発における倫理規定の必要性
DISCUSSIONS

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