応用哲学会第8回年次研究大会プログラムと予稿

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3
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Restorative Justice
1
Epicurus Was Right (Sort of)
Philosophy for Children
C. R. Rogers
good life
truthmaker
2
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Ayer (1936)
(express)
(Mind-dependence of morality)
Blackburn
(1984)
Blackburn
(Sinclair 2008, Warenski 2013)
Blackburn
Blackburn
x
x
(higher-order attitude)
x
Blackburn
(1994)
Zangwill
(conceptual truth)
Blackburn
(substantive truth)
x
Zangwill
(Miller 2013)
Zangwill
Blackburn
5
Blackburn
x
x
Blackburn
Blackburn
Blackburn, S. 1984. Spreading the Word. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
——. 1993. Essays in Quasi-Realism. Oxford: OUP.
Geach, P. 1960. “Ascriptivism” The Philosophical Review 69 (2): 221-225.
Miller, A. 2003. An Introduction to Contemporary Metaethics. Cambridge: Polity
Press
Sinclair, N. (2008). “Free Thinking for Expressivists Philosophical Papers 37
(2):263-287.
Warenski, L.M. 2014. “Defending Moral Mind-Independence: The Expressivist’s
Precarious Turn” Philosophia 42 (3):861-869.
Zangwill, N. 1994. “Moral Mind-independence” Australasian Journal of
Philosophy 72 (2):205-219.
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2016
S
1
15
2011
2015
9
5
1
7
8
5/7
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103
W. Wagner
SRT
Wagner SRT
W. Wagner
Gergen 1985
accountability
SRT
Wagner
Wagner
Wagner 1993, 1994
Wagner
Wagner 2015
Wagner 1995
Wagner
Wagner
Wittgenstein
9
2009
Wagner
Wagner-SRT
Gergen, K. J. 1985, “Social Constructionist Inquiry: Context and Implications,”
Gergen, K. J., & Davis, K. E. eds., The Social Construction of the Person, New
York: Springer, 3-18.
Wagner, W. 1993, “Can Representations Explain Social Behaviour?: A Discussion
of Social Representations as Rational System,” Papers on Social Representations,
2: 236-249.
———— 1994, “The Fallacy of Misplaced Intentionality in Social Representation
Research,” Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 24: 243-266.
———— 1995, “Social Representations, Group Affiliation, and Projection:
Knowing the Limits of Validity”, European Journal of Social Psychology, 25:
125-139.
———— 2015, “Representation in Action”, Sammut, G., Andreouli, E., Gaskell, G.,
& Valsiner, J. eds., The Cambridge Handbook of Social Representations,
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 12-28.
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102
cf.
(2015)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(1)
(3)
(0)
(2015), 14-23
IC
IC
&
(1994)
IC
(a)
(b)
11
(a)
(a)
(a)
(b)
(b)
(0)
(a)
(2015),
R
,
&T
.
(1994),
.
,
,
,
(2015),
,
---
12
.
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health
Boorse [1977]
Nordenfelt [1987]
normal functioning
Boorse [1977] 542
typically
Ibid. 555, 562
Ibid. 565-568, Cooper [2007] 31-34
vitals goal
second-order ability
Nordenfelt [1987] 148
Ibid.
basic needs
minimal happiness
Ibid. 57-80
well-being
WHO
Boorse [1977] 569-572
Wachboit [1997], Hofmann [2005]
Täljedal [2004], Khushf [2007] Tengland [2007]
Foot [2001]
Hesslow [1993]
disease
13
Cooper [2007] Ch. 3
Messy Accounts
Ibid. 39
Ibid., Cooper [2002] Sec.2
illness
Boorse
[1975] 61
WHO
14
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Rawls
1970
15
Beauchamp/Childress
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
16
17
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Daniel Steel
Steel
Steel
Philosophy and the Precautionary
Principle
Steel
Steel
Steel
Steel
Steel
Steel
18
Steel
Steel
tripod
Steel
Steel
Steel
Steel
19
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excuse
justification
Erdemovic
1200
Erdemovic
Erdemovic
Erdemovic
Rosen(2014)
Baron 2014
Rosen
Baron
1
Erdemovic
2
2
2
1
Baron
Rosen
Rosen
Baron
20
Rosen
Baron
Baron
Baron
Erdemovic
Rosen
Rosen, G. (2014), “Culpability and Duress: A Case Study,” Proceedings of the
Aristotelian Society Supp. vol. 88, 69-90.
Baron, M. (2014), “Culpability, Excuse, and the ‘Ill Will’ Condition,” Proceedings of
the Aristotelian Society Supp. vol 88, 92-107.
21
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S.
Philosophy for Children/ Philosophy with Children
1960
S.
P. F.
22
philosophy of childhood
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Craig WJ, Mangels AR
2009
24
3R
Reduction
Replacement
Refinement
3R
25
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105
the trolley problem
1967
The Problem of
Abortion and the Doctrine of the Double Effect
1976
Killing, Letting Die, and the Trolley Problem
1985
The Trolley Problem
fat man
loop
2016
The
Trolley Problem Mysteries
20
1947
The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb
26
(Stimson (1947), p.101)
20
the problem of the trolley problem
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104
1990
2000
9
1.
5
5
3
1
2
3
2.
CT
28
MRI
UCG
3.
4.
5.
6.
2
7.
3
8.
3
2
9.
29
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Greco 1999,2010, Zagzebski 1996
Clark 2008
(Fricker 2006)
(Miyazono 2015)
30
Doris 2002
S
S
A
A
S
Beahr 2013
X
X
X
31
X
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Restorative Justice
RJ
RJ
RJ
RJ
RJ
DV
32
RJ
DV
DV
DV
RJ
RJ
RJ
RJ
RJ
“Are Restorative Justice Conferences in Reducing Repeat
Offending? Findings from a campbell Systematic Review”
RJ
、Alan Jenkins）。
Lawrence W. Sherman, Heather Strang “Are Restorative Justice Conferences in Reducing Repeat Offending?
Findings from a campbell Systematic Review”, Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 2015 (31) 1-24
1
2
33
RJ
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101
Death as a topic of philosophical investigation has been enjoying something of a
resurrection in recent literature. Much of the discussion has dealt with the
question of its harm, whether or not it ought to be considered an evil, and the
degree to which it deprives us of a good, if indeed it does. The presenter will cover
and comment on these positions from the perspective of how we ought to regard
our own personal future deaths. The discussion will be centered around Epicurus’
famous “Letter to Menoeceus” and its argument that: “Death, therefore, the most
awful of evils, is nothing to us, seeing that, when we are, death is not come, and
when death is come, we are not. It is nothing, then, either to the living or to the
dead, for with the living it is not and the dead exist no longer.” Many objections
have been made to this position and the major strands of those objections will be
considered in turn, starting with Thomas Nagel’s position that if we think of death
as an evil it is because of the loss of life that it entails and not the condition of
being dead itself. Similarly, Roy Sorensen has also argued that death takes away
from us “personal time” that, in a sense, belongs to us. Moreover, Timothy
Chappell and Bernard Williams find death to be a harm because it interrupts the
projects we are engaged in and that we find to be worthwhile and meaningful. To
better understand the conditions being considered, however, it will first be
important to define the parameters of the debate and to limit what it is that we
are referring to when we use terms like “death” and “dying”. Stephen Rosenbaum
will be helpful here, as will his experienceable reply to Nagel’s position regarding
the evil of death. Rosenbaum argued that for a thing to be a harm for someone it
must be able to be experienced by that person, even if in fact it is not experienced.
How can a loss of life be experienceable by the person who would experience it if
they have ceased to exist? The preceding arguments for death’s harm will be
examined in light of this challenge, supported by Harry Silverstein’s observation
that many thinkers have confused life-life with life-death comparisons, and the
Stoic/Plotinian/Epicurean ideas regarding future happiness and “longer is not
more”. It will be argued that although the state of death itself cannot be found to
be a harm (as the arguments for its harm do not meet Rosenbaum’s
35
experienceable challenge), there are at least two ways in which thinking of the
state of death can harm us now, and those are in the process of dying and the fact
of futurelessness. On the former, it does seem reasonable (and perhaps even
rational given certain circumstances of familial health history or
sociopolitical/socioeconomic conditions) to worry about how one may come to be
dead. This point will have particular relevance for Japanese society with its
problems of a fast-ageing population, increasing dementia, and an overburdened
social support network. On the latter, questions of value (as Samuel Scheffler has
pointed out) and legacy come into play: How can we truly value a thing, activity, or
whatever, that we won’t be able to protect or promote – or do anything at all about
– once we are dead? How can we attach values to our own lives knowing that they
too will end and that henceforth we will, sooner or later, be forgotten? These ideas
and some possible responses to them will be explored by the presenter and some
general signposts for how we may come to view our own deaths will be erected,
though a definitive answer will remain as being personally bound.
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(1)
(2)
(1) (2)
(1) (2)
1.
1
2
37
2.
(Kaplan (1989), p. 493.)
(1)
(2)
(
)
(3)
3.
Predelli(2008)
α
φ
α
φ
/
α
φ
4.
38
φ
39
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cf. Chalmers, Manley & Wasserman (2009)
e.g. Ladyman & Ross (2007)
scientific metaphysics
object
eliminativism
French (2014)
minimalism
structure
40
e.g.
——
——
——
——
41
Chalmers, D., Manley, D. & Wasserman, R. (eds.) (2009), Metametaphysics.
Oxford: Oxford University Press.
French, S. (2014), The Structure of the World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Ladyman, J. & Ross, D. (eds.) (2007), Every Thing Must Go. Oxford: Oxford
University Press.
42
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2009
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STS
Technology accompaniment
(P. Verbeek, Moralizing Technology, 2011
A
200
1950
43
Responsible innovation
EU
RRI
responsible
(Responsible research and Innovation: RRI)
(R. Shomberg, 2014)
proactive
RRI
1980
RRI
(H. Jonas, 1979)
Environmental
Stewardship
44
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14:10-16:10
102
1
2
3
1
3
2
1970
45
1
3
relational autonomy
46
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101
2016
AlphaGo
1.
2.
47
3
Google
3.
4.
2-3
3D
JSPS
15K01978
48
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105
predicativism
Burge 1973
descriptive adequacy
Elbourne 2005, Fara 2015
Millianism
Jeshion, 2015
García-Ramírez and Shatz 2011
49
Mary arrived
rigidity
[[ø_the Mary] arrived]
Elbourne 2013
the tree
Mary
Mary
Mary
Mary
‘Mary’
‘Mary’
‘Mary’
Mary
Burge, T. 1973. Reference and proper names. The Journal of Philosophy,
70(14):425–439.
Elbourne, P. D. 2005. Situations and Individuals. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Elbourne, P. D. 2013. Definite Descriptions. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Fara, D. G. 2015. Names are predicates. Philosophical Review 124: 59–117.
García-Ramírez, E. and Shatz, M. 2011. On Problems with Descriptivism:
Psychological Assumptions and Empirical Evidence. Mind and Language, 26: 53–
73.
Jeshion, R. 2015. Names not predicates. In On Reference, ed. A. Bianchi, 225–50.
Oxford: Oxford University Press.
50
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(
(
(1)
(2)
(
)
)
(
)
(
)
51
)
(Williamson 2013)
(Thomasson 1999)
Burgess, John P. & Rosen, Gideon (1999). A Subject with No Object: Strategies for
Nominalistic Interpretation of Mathematics. Oxford University Press Uk.Fine, Kit
(1982). The problem of non-existents. Topoi 1 (1-2):97-140.
Lewis, David K. (1986). On the Plurality of Worlds. Blackwell Publishers.
Rosen, Gideon (2008). Abstract objects. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
Thomasson, Amie L. (1999). Fiction and Metaphysics. Cambridge University
Press.
Williamson, Timothy (2013). Modal Logic as Metaphysics. OUP Oxford.
52
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knowledge
53
54
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102
6
55
56
57
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101
visual representation
2011
(3)
“Visualization in the Computerization”
(1)
(4)
(5)
58
(2)
4
1970
90
90
1970
figure
59
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experimental philosophy of language
Machery et al. (2004)
1
Machery 2015: 73
Machery
Machery et al. (2004)
i
ii
Sytsma et al. (2015)
60
Machery
69%
21%
χ2 (1, N
= 59) = 13.7322, p < .0001
Systma et al.
(2015)
i
ii
Machery Sytsma
Machery, Edouard. (2015). “A Rylean Argument against Reference.” In J.
Haukioja (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Philosophy of Language. Oxford:
Oxford University Press: 65–84.
Machery, Edouard, R. Mallon, S. Nichols, and S. P. Stich. (2004). “Semantics,
Cross Cultural Style”. Cognition 92, B1–B12.
Sytsma, Justin, J. Livengood, R. Sato, and M. Oguchi. (2015). “Reference in the
Land of the Rising Sun: A Cross-Cultural Study on the Reference of Proper
Names.” Review of Philosophy and Psychology 6 (2): 213–230.
61
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l
“Mathematical Truth” (1973)
l
l
l
3
62
3
l
l
–
–
–
63
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A, B,
C, D, E
A
B
A
B,C,E
A
64
B
D
65
X か？
X であること、について
X だ。
X であるかどうか、について
X （であること）
X である、について
66
5/8
A
2011
10:00-10:50
105
3
11
80
67
web
PTSD
debriefing
50
1980
68
5/8
B
10:00-10:50
104
1970
2003
69
5
1
2
3
4
5
70
5/8
C
10:00-10:50
103
71
72
5/8
D
10:00-10:50
102
Technology Assessment: TA
1965
1966
1970
OTA
1972
OTA
1995
TA
1980
TA
TA CTA
TA
1990
TA
EPTA
1970
Technikbewertung: TB)
Technikbewertung
Technikfolgenabschätzung
1973 CDU/CSU
TA
TA
TA
GOBT
TAB
1990
56
TA
TA
11
12
TA
TA
TA
TA
TA
73
TA
TA
TAB
TA
ITAS
TA
TAB
VDI
1977
1991
3780
TA
VDI
2000
TA
OTA
TA
CTA
VDI
TA
TA
TA
TA
CTA
TA
TA
74
TA
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Philosophy for Children P4C
Philosophical
P4C
Practice
P4C
P4C
P4C
P4C
P4C
P4C
P4C
P4C
P4C
75
2014
2015
2015
2013
2002
1947
76
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A
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105
disaster
disaster
Challenger disaster
disaster
man-made disaster
disaster
Chernobyl
natural disaster
disaster
disaster
1995
PTSD
PTSD
77
78
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B
10:55-11:45
104
expressive theory of retribution
79
80
5/8
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10:55-11:45
103
causal selection
2
2
1
2
2
1
81
5/8
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18
6
24
10
3
19:20
31
12
14 50
4
1
82
4
2
83
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10:55-11:45
101
Plato, 2004 74
2010 1975
39
2014 38
Kant,
1999 1785
IV401
19
2007 177
Ibid.
84
2009 225
well-being
Rogers
good life
Rogers
non-intellectual sensing
1961a 1961b
22
Rogers
Rogers,
Rogers
Rogers
2010 1975
Kant, Immanuel 1999 1785
Hamburg: Felix Meiner Verlag.
Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten.
Rogers, C.R. 1961b “This is Me” The development of my professional thinking
and personal philosophy. 1961a On Becoming a Person. New York: Houghton
Mifflin Company. pp. 4-27.
85
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15:30-16:20
105
2013
2011-2013
2015
86
87
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104
(particle)
1
only
(1) Only the Tigers can beat the Giants.
(1)
2
(I)
(exclusive proposition)
(II)
(prejacent proposition)
Ippolito[5]
only
4
(I) Atlas[2]
(Entailment Analysis)
(II) Horn[4]
(III) Geurts and van der Sandt[3]
(IV) McCawley[6]
(Implicature Analysis)
Ippolito[5]
2
(I)
Ippolito
Adams[1]
5
only
(LO)
88
(II) Ippolito[5]
Zeevat[7]
LO
LO
[1] Adams, E.W.: On the Logic of High Probability. Journal of Philosophical Logic
15 (1986) 255--279.
[2] Atlas, J.: The Importance of Being Only: Testing the Neo-Gricean Versus
Neo-Entailment Paradigms. Journal of Semantics 10 (1993) 301--318.
[3] Geurts, B. and van der Sandt, R.: Interpreting Focus. Theoretical Linguistics
30 (2004) 1--44.
[4] Horn, L.: A Presuppositional Analysis of “Only” and “Even”. In: Papers from
the Fifth Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society (1969) 98--107.
[5] Ippolito, M.: On the Meaning of Only. Journal of Semantics 25 (2007) 45--91.
[6] McCawley, J.: Everything That Linguists Have Always Wanted to Know about
Logic but Were Ashamed to Ask. University of Chicago Press (1981).
[7] Zeevat, H.: Expressing Surprise by Particles. manuscript (2011).
89
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truthmaker
truthmaker
TM
entity
TM
Russell, 1918-1919
fact
TM
TM
TM
TM
TM
TM
TM
Cameron, 2008
TM
@’
@’
@’
@
w
w
w
@’
@
w
@
TM
90
@
w
w
@’
w
@
@
@
@
@
@
TM
@
TM
Cheyne & Pigden 2006
the way the universe actually is
TM
Cameron, Ross P. “How to be a truthmaker maximalist.” Noûs 42.3 (2008):
410-421.
Cheyne, Colin, and Charles Pigden. “Negative Truths from Positive Facts.”
Australasian Journal of Philosophy 84.2 (2006): 249-265.
Russell, Bertrand. “The Philosophy of Logical Atomism.” The Monist 28.4-29.3
(1918-1919): 495-527, 32-63, 190-222, 345-380. (
2007 )
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Alvin I. Goldman, Epistemology and Cognition, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard
University Press, 1986.
Ernest Sosa, Knowledge in Perspective, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
1991.
Alvin Plantinga, Warrant and Proper Function, New York: Oxford University
Press, 1993.
Alvin Plantinga, Warranted Christian Belief, New York: Oxford University Press,
2000.
93
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15:30-17:30
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WS
PTS
PTS
BCL
PTS
BCL
BCL
94
cf. Dunn; 1999, Shramko; 2005, Ripley 2009)
(2015)
Rumfitt (2000)
Dosen (1989)
Sambin et al (2000)
Rumfitt
(2000)
(2015)
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consequence,' in Auxier, R. & Hahn, L. eds. The Philosophy of Michael Dummett: Open Court
Pub Co, 639-693.
95
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E
15:30-17:30
101
trust
96
97
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A
16:30-17:20
105
5
98
4
5
5
7.7
99
5/8
B
16:30-17:20
104
Khader
2011
2
Khader
1
Khader
Stoljar 2014
Benson, Stoljar, Christman
Warriner 2014
2
100
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Oxford University Press.
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Oppression, and Gender, eds. Veltman, A. and Piper, M. New York: Oxford
University Press.
Warriner, J. (2014). "Gender Oppression and Weak Substantive Theories of
Autonomy," in Personal Autonomy and Social Oppression: Philosophical
Perspectives, ed. Oshana, M. New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.
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A
イラスト：はやのん理系漫画制作室
理系漫画家はやのん基調講演
「漫画で伝えるサイエンス・コミュニケーション」
琉球大学理学部物理学科卒、千葉大学大学院教育学研究科修了。修士（教育学）。代表作に『Go! Go! ミルボ』
（子共の科学）、『キラリ研究開発』（日刊工業新聞）、『理系受験生の好きになれる分野を見つけよう』（螢雪時代）
などがある。現在、はやのん理系漫画制作室として、日刊工業新聞の「キラリ研究開発」等で連載中。マンガ
の手法と作文教育の方法をベースとした、理系の学生・教員向けのライティング・プレゼンテーション構成指導や、
チラシ・ポスター制作指導を行っている。
児玉聡提題
「オンラインコースで届ける生命倫理学入門」
京都大学大学院文学研究科准教授。著書に『マンガで学ぶ生命倫理』（化学同人）など。2016 年 3 月よりオンラインコース
KyotoUx で Ethics in Life Sciences and Healthcare: Exploring Bioethics through Manga を開講。
森岡正博提題
「まんがで哲学を表現する可能性―まんが原画を描いた経験から」
早稲田大学人間科学部教授。著書に『まんが哲学入門』（講談社）など。2015 年より、哲学者をゲストに招いたトーク・イベント「現代哲学ラボ」を開催中。
田中さをり提題及び司会
「国連大学広報と雑誌『哲楽』での試み」
MID アカデミックプロモーションズ代表取締役。国連大学サステイナビリティ高等研究所広報担当としてイベントの企画や広報を担当。
2011 年から高校生からの哲学雑誌『哲楽』の編集人を務め、2016 年 4 月に『哲学者に会いにゆこう』（ナカニシヤ出版）を刊行。
2016 年
5 月 8 日 ( 日 ) 午後 1:00
3:15
慶応義塾大学三田キャンパス西校舎1F 519 大会参加費非会員 1,000 円、会員 500 円、事前申込不要
主催：応用哲学会、お問合せ先：[email protected]
105

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