Geospatial Interdependencies of Critical Infrastructure - GITA

GITA-Japan
2008 Annual Conference
The Geospatial Dimensions
of Critical Infrastructure
最重要インフラの相互依存関係の地理空間的特性について
Dave DiSera
Chief Information Officer
First Insurance Co. of Hawaii,
Honolulu, Hawaii
ハワイ・ファースト保険会社CIO デイブ・ディセラ
Presentation Agenda
プレゼン内容の題目
 The Geospatial Dimensions
of Infrastructure
Interdependencies
 GITA’s GECCo Update
 Critical Infrastructure and
Interdependencies
Modeling-based Tools
1
Geospatial Dimensions of
Infrastructure
Interdependencies
最重要インフラの相互依存関係の
地理空間的特性について
Infrastructure Interdependencies
Cross Local, Regional, and
National Boundaries
最重要インフラの相互依存関係は地区、地域、国の境界を越える
2
Critical Infrastructure
Interdependencies
Heller, M (2001). Interdependencies of Civil Infrastructure Systems. The
Bridge, a publication of the Nation Academy of Engineering. V. $, #31, 2001
最重要インフラの相互依存関係の分類
Infrastructure Interdependencies
Classifications
 Physical – a physical reliance on material
flow from one infrastructure to another
 Cyber – a reliance on information transfer
between infrastructure
 Geographic – a local environmental event
affects components across multiple
infrastructures due to physical proximity
地理空間的関係：ある地点での事象が物理的に近接したインフラへ与える影響関係
 Logical – a dependency that exists between
infrastructures that does not fall into one of
the above categories
Source: Rinaldi, Peerenboom, and Kelly (2001)
3
最重要インフラの地理空間的相互依存関係
Geospatial Interdependencies
of Critical Infrastructure
Transportation
Roads
Rail
Ports/Airports
Energy
Water
Electric
Gas
Oil
Potable
Wastewater
Communications
Landlines
Wireless
Cable
最重要インフラの地理空間的相互依存関係
Geospatial Interdependencies
of Critical Infrastructure
局所的な事象が状態変化をもたらす場合が地理空間的相互依存関係
 Infrastructure are geospatially interdependent if a
local event can create state changes in all of them.
 Geospatial interdependency occurs when elements
of multiple infrastructure are in close spatial
proximity.この依存関係は複数のインフラの要素が空間的に近いときに発生
- For example, an explosion or fire could create
correlated disturbances or change in these
geographically interdependent infrastructures.
- Correlated changes are not due to physical or cyber
connections between infrastructures. They arise from
the influence the events exerts on all the infrastructures
simultaneously.
相互関係的な変化は物質的、情報的接続には依らない。その変化は事象が
すべてのインフラに同時に働く影響から発生する。
4
Geospatial Interdependencies
of Critical Infrastructure
大規模な河川
堤防を横断
するガス導管
Geospatial Interdependencies
of Critical Infrastructure
ガス導管と
５００KV電力
線との交差
5
GECCo Update
更新されたGECCoプロジェクトについて
GECCo Objectives
GECCoプロジェクトの目的
 To provide a framework by which by public
and private organizations can better collaborate
and share information to protect critical
infrastructure and relate interdependencies
最重要インフラの防護のための官民組織の共同のための枠組み作り
 To assist infrastructure owners with:
- Identifying and accessing the interdependencies of
critical infrastructure
- Building an actionable plan for mitigating and
protecting those critical infrastructures
- Establishing procedures and standards
インフラ所有者支援策：最重要インフラの相互関係の理解、具体的体策の実行
6
GECCo応用研究の支援策
GECCo Applied Research
Initiatives
Critical Infrastructure
Protection and
Emergency Management
Geospatial
Interdependencies of
Critical Infrastructure
• Data Sharing and
Collaboration Project
Manual and Templates
• A Practitioner's
Guide and Resources
・データ共有、共同作業のためのマニュアル類・実務者用ガイダンス等
Critical Infrastructure
and Interdependencies
Geospatial Modeling Tools
最重要インフラと相互依存関係の
地理空間モデリングツール
7
最重要インフラの地理空間モデリングのイメージ
The Geospatial Modeling
of Critical Infrastructure
Electric Grid
Sewer Lines
Transportation
Network
Communications
Water Lines
Source: Critical Infrastructure Interdependencies Modeling: A
Survey of U.S. and International Research, Idaho National Laboratory
インフラ・モデリングツール一覧
Infrastructure Modeling Tools
Agent-Based Infrastructure Modeling and Simulation
MIT Screening Methodology
Critical Infrastructure Interdependencies Integrator
Multi-Layer Infrastructure Networks
Critical Infrastructure Modeling System
Multi-Network Interdependent Critical
Infrastructure Program for Analysis of Lifelines
最重要インフラモデリングシステム
The Critical Infrastructure Protection Decision Support
System
Natural Gas Infrastructure Toolset
Critical Infrastructure Protection Modeling and Analysis
Program
Net-Centric Effects-based operations MOdel
Critical Infrastructure Simulation by Interdependent
Agents
Network-Centric GIS
Distributed Engineering Workstation
Network Security Risk Assessment Model
Electricity Market Complex Adaptive System
Next-generation agent-based economic
Laboratory (N-ABLE)
Fast Analysis Infrastructure Tool
NEXUS Fusion Framework
ネットワーク特化型GIS
Financial System Infrastructure金融システムインフラTransportation Routing Analysis GIS
Fort Future フォートフーチャ（軍事ｼﾐｭﾚｰｼｮﾝ )
TRANSIM
Interdependent Energy Infrastructure Simulation System
Water Infrastructure Simulation Environment
Knowledge Management and Visualization in Support of
Vulnerability Assessment of Electricity Production
Urban Infrastructure Suite
8
最重要インフラモデリングシステム
Critical Infrastructure Modeling
System (CIMS)
 Created by Idaho National Laboratory
 Provides a modeling and simulation framework
that combines geospatial information to support
“what-if” analysis 起こりうる事態の解析のためのＧＩＳモデ
ル化、シミュレーションの枠組み提供
 Allows users to create models and infrastructure
simulations on the fly embedding new intelligence
as it becomes available 新たな機密情報の即時取込機能
 Model development can start with an aerial image
or a map. All information is georeferenced
モデル化は航空写真、地図からスタート可能。すべての
情報は空間参照可能
Critical Infrastructure Modeling
System of New Orleans
ＣＩＭＳによるカトリーナ後のニューオリンズの空間モデリング
9
Critical Infrastructure Modeling
System of New Orleans
洪水とそれに起因する停電による被害概況
Critical Infrastructure Modeling
System of New Orleans
建物と電力線の関係を分離して強調表示。
10
フォートフーチャ（軍事ｼﾐｭﾚｰｼｮﾝ)
Fort Future Model
 Developed by Argonne National Laboratory and uses
simulation to test plans for Department of Defense
installations 国防省の軍事施設計画の検証シミュレーション
ＧＩＳによる編集、ｼﾐｭﾚｰｼｮﾝ、意志決定支援機能
 Provides GIS-based plan editors, controls simulations,
and organizes results into a decision matrix
 Assesses the impact of critical infrastructure on mission
using a virtual simulation that contains models for
transportation, electrical power, water systems
 Set up planning scenarios local, regional, and national
level to conduct dynamic analyses over time periods of
up to 30 years
輸送、電力、水道などのインフラの仮想シミュレーションによる影響
評価。局所から国レベルのシナリオ、最長３０年スパンでの解析
フォートフーチャ（軍事ｼﾐｭﾚｰｼｮﾝ)のイメージ
Fort Future Model
Electrical Infrastructure
(capacity &
interruption)
Water Infrastructure
(Flow and CBR)
ＣＢＲ：化学、生物、放射能
CBR
Plume
Modeling
11
フォートフーチャ（軍事ｼﾐｭﾚｰｼｮﾝ)の適用例
Fort Future Model
ネットワーク特化型GISモデル
Network Centric GIS Model
 This framework uses GIS to support emergency
management decision makers ＧＩＳによる緊急時意志決定支援
 Provides data sharing and timely access to
インフラ相互依存情報への
infrastructure interdependency information
データアクセスを提供
 Defines location based infrastructure
interdependencies (LBII) for a particular area by:
– Identifying critical infrastructure sectors in the study
area
対象エリアの最重要インフラ区域の特定
– Analyzing processes and operations for each sector
– Analyzing dependencies
– Determining Interdependencies
– Modeling and visualizing (interoperable 3D internetbased)
各区域ごとの解析、相互依存関係の決定、３Ｄモデル化と表示
12
ネットワーク特化型GISモデル(適用例）
Network Centric GIS Model
British Columbia
Vancouver Highways Vulnerability Maps
Legend
ネットワーク特化型GISモデル(適用例）
Network Centric GIS Model
13
金融システムインフラ
Financial System
Infrastructure
連邦銀行での契約ベースの現金取引の自動処理モデル
 Developed by the Los Alamos National Laboratory
 Agent-based model of cash transactions that is
dependent on contractual relationships and a
network at that the Federal reserve level
 Models create transactions which rely on
telecommunications and electric power
 Dependencies can cause deadlocks in the situation
where one is unable to pay until being paid
 Designed to protect physical infrastructure of
payment and trading systems initiated by the events
of 9-11
このモデルは通信と電力に依存する現金取引を生成。９－１１が端
緒となって支払い取引システムの物理インフラを守るように設計。
金融システムインフラの適用例
Financial System
Infrastructure
Power Restored to Financial Institutions after 39 Hours
３９時間後の金融機関に復旧した電力状況（緑：完全復旧）
14
Thank You
15

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