Lesson 3 - Meister Press

3rd grade
Lesson 3
現在完了(継続)
Key Point
継続を表す現在完了でよく使われる表現
① 「∼の間」
:
( for ∼ )
1 継続を表す現在完了
(肯定文)
② 「∼から」
:
( since ∼ )
❶ ⒜ I have watched TV for three hours.
慣用表現
私は3時間テレビを見ています。
① 「長い間」
:
( for a long time )
⒝ It has snowed since last week.
② 「何年間も」
:
( for many years )
先週から雪が降っています。
❷ ⒜ I was busy yesterday.
私は昨日忙しかった。
Notice!
受動態と現在完了の違い
⒝ I have been busy since yesterday.
私は昨日から忙しい。
▶beenはbe動詞の過去分詞。
① 受動態: be動詞 +
❸ ⒜ 彼らは 2 時間,野球をしています。
② 現在完了:have[has]+
They have played baseball for two hours.
① 現在進行形:
「今∼している」
I have been tired since yesterday.
②
❹ ⒜ 彼はコンピューターを使いました。
過去分詞
現在進行形と現在完了の違い
⒝ 私は昨日からずっと疲れています。
過去分詞
現在完了:
「…間[から]∼している」
※現在完了は必ず継続期間がある。
He used a computer.
⒝ 彼は 3 時間コンピューターを使っています。
He has used a computer for three hours.
❺ ⒜
The chair was made in Japan.
(受動態)
そのイスは日本で作られました。
⒝ I have lived in Japan for three years.
(現在完了)
私は3年間,
日本に住んでいます。
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3rd grade
Lesson 3
2 継続を表す現在完了
(否定文)
Exercise
❶ I have used this pen for a long time.
否 I
have not used the pen for a long time.
訳 私は長い間そのペンを使っていません。
❷ It has been rainy since last week.
否 It
has not been rainy since last week.
訳 ジョンは
It has not been sunny since last week.
⑵ She has played tennis for three years.
She has not played tennis for three years.
John has not been in Kyoto for ten days.
❸ John has driven a car for a year.
否 John
⑴ It has been sunny since last week.
⑶ John has been in Kyoto for ten days.
訳 先週から雨が降っていません。
1 次の英文を否定文にしなさい。
has not driven a car for a year.
1 年間,車を運転していません。
❹ 私は長い間,彼に会っていません。
I have not seen him for a long time.
❺ トムは 2 年間,テレビを見ていません。
Tom has not watched TV for two years.
⑷ They have used the classroom since last year.
They have not used the classroom since last year.
⑸ The kitten was found yesterday.
The kitten was not found yesterday.
⑹ I have watched TV for a long time.
I have not watched TV for a long time.
2 次の日本語を英語に直しなさい。
⑴
I have not read the book for a long time.
❻ 私の父は何年も野球をしていません。
My father has not played baseball for many years.
私は長い間その本を読んでいません。
⑵
彼女は何年間も手紙を書いていません。
She has not written a letter for many years.
Key Point
① 現在完了の否定文はhave,hasの後にnotを置くだけ。
② have not → haven t has not → hasn t
⑶
私の家族は 3 年間,岡山に住んでいます。
My family has lived in Okayama for three years.
⑷
これらのコンピューターはトムによって作られました。
These computers were made by Tom.
⑸
私たちは先月から忙しくありません。
We have not been busy since last month.
⑹
私の母は 2 年間,車を運転していません。
My mother has not driven a car for two years.
⑺
英語はその国では話されません。
English is not spoken in that[the]country.
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3rd grade
Lesson 3
3 継続を表す現在完了
(疑問文)
Exercise
❶ Mary has studied French for a long time.
疑 Has
Mary studied French for a long time?
答 Yes,
she has. / No, she hasn t.
1 次の英文を疑問文にしなさい。
⑴ It has been cold for a long time.
❷ John has been in Tokyo since last month.
疑 Has
John been in Tokyo since last month?
答 Yes,
he has. / No, he hasn t.
Has it been cold for a long time?
⑵ She has watched TV for two hours.
Has she watched TV for two hours?
⑶ The book is read by many people.
❸ あなたは長い間,岡山に住んでいますか。
Have you lived in Okayama for a long time?
はい,住んでいます。/ いいえ,住んでいません。
Is the book read by many people?
⑷ John has slept for eight hours.
Has John slept for eight hours?
⑸ Mary has wanted the watch for many years.
Has Mary wanted the watch for many years?
Yes, I have. / No, I haven t.
⑹ Kyoto is visited by many people.
❹ 昨日から雨が降っていますか。
Is Kyoto visited by many people?
Has it rained since yesterday?
はい,降っています。/ いいえ,降っていません。
Yes, it has. / No, it hasn t.
❺ あなたは何年も彼を知っていますか。
⑺ They have practiced tennis for three hours.
Have they practiced tennis for three hours?
2 次の日本語を英語に直しなさい。
⑴
Have you known him for many years?
はい,知っています。/ いいえ,知りません。
今朝からずっと雨が降っていますか。
Has it rained since this morning?
⑵
はい,降っています。(⑴の答えとして)
Yes, it has.
Yes, I have. / No, I haven t.
⑶
Key Point
① 現在完了の疑問文はhave,hasを文の先頭に出すだけ。
have,hasを使って答える。
② 答えるときには,
その図書館は 7 時に閉められますか。
Is the library closed at seven?
⑷
いいえ,閉められません。(⑶の答えとして)
No, it isn t.
⑸
あなたは長い間その本を欲しがっていますか。
Have you wanted the book for a long time?
⑹
はい,欲しがっています。(⑸の答えとして)
Yes, I have.
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3rd grade
Lesson 3
4 継続を表す現在完了
(疑問詞)
Exercise
❶ ⒜ It has been hot since last week.
How long have you practiced tennis?
⒝
We have used this car for two years.
1 次の英文について,下線部をたずねる疑問文にしなさい。
⑴ She has been tired since last week.
How long has she been tired?
I have practiced it for two hours.
⑵ She has stayed in Kyoto for three days.
❷ How long has it rained?
どれくらいの間,
雨が降っていますか。
It has rained since last Sunday.
How long has she stayed in Kyoto?
⑶ Jane has played baseball for three years.
How long has Jane played baseball?
先週の日曜日から降っています。
⑷ Tom has studied French since last year.
How long has Tom studied French?
❸ あなたはどれくらいの間テニスを練習していますか。
How long have you practiced tennis?
私はそれを 2 時間練習しています。
⑸ Ken has wanted a new car for two years.
How long has Ken wanted a new car?
2 次の日本語を英語に直しなさい。
I have practiced it for two hours.
❹ 彼らはどれくらいの間,岡山にいますか。
How long have they been in Okayama?
⑴
私たちは昨日からずっと眠っていません。
We have not slept since yesterday.
⑵
彼らはどれくらいの間,岡山に滞在していますか。
How long have they stayed in Okayama?
去年からです。
They have been there since last year.
⑶
彼らはそこへ 4 日間滞在しています。(⑵の答えとして)
They have stayed there for four days.
Key Point
① 「どれくらいの間∼していますか」
:
( How long ∼? )
②
答えるときには,
期間を示して答える。
⑷
私は昨日からずっと眠い。
I have been sleepy since yesterday.
⑸
あなたはどれくらいの間,彼を知っていますか。
How long have you known him?
⑹
私は彼を 5 年間知っています。(⑸の答えとして)
I have known him for five years.
⑺
先週から雨が降っていません。
It has not rained since last week.
⑻
彼は何年間もそのコンピューターを使っています。
He has used the computer for many years.
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