3rd grade Lesson 3 現在完了(継続) Key Point 継続を表す現在完了でよく使われる表現 ① 「∼の間」 : ( for ∼ ) 1 継続を表す現在完了 (肯定文) ② 「∼から」 : ( since ∼ ) ❶ ⒜ I have watched TV for three hours. 慣用表現 私は3時間テレビを見ています。 ① 「長い間」 : ( for a long time ) ⒝ It has snowed since last week. ② 「何年間も」 : ( for many years ) 先週から雪が降っています。 ❷ ⒜ I was busy yesterday. 私は昨日忙しかった。 Notice! 受動態と現在完了の違い ⒝ I have been busy since yesterday. 私は昨日から忙しい。 ▶beenはbe動詞の過去分詞。 ① 受動態: be動詞 + ❸ ⒜ 彼らは 2 時間,野球をしています。 ② 現在完了:have[has]+ They have played baseball for two hours. ① 現在進行形: 「今∼している」 I have been tired since yesterday. ② ❹ ⒜ 彼はコンピューターを使いました。 過去分詞 現在進行形と現在完了の違い ⒝ 私は昨日からずっと疲れています。 過去分詞 現在完了: 「…間[から]∼している」 ※現在完了は必ず継続期間がある。 He used a computer. ⒝ 彼は 3 時間コンピューターを使っています。 He has used a computer for three hours. ❺ ⒜ The chair was made in Japan. (受動態) そのイスは日本で作られました。 ⒝ I have lived in Japan for three years. (現在完了) 私は3年間, 日本に住んでいます。 8 9 © Meister Press 3rd grade Lesson 3 2 継続を表す現在完了 (否定文) Exercise ❶ I have used this pen for a long time. 否 I have not used the pen for a long time. 訳 私は長い間そのペンを使っていません。 ❷ It has been rainy since last week. 否 It has not been rainy since last week. 訳 ジョンは It has not been sunny since last week. ⑵ She has played tennis for three years. She has not played tennis for three years. John has not been in Kyoto for ten days. ❸ John has driven a car for a year. 否 John ⑴ It has been sunny since last week. ⑶ John has been in Kyoto for ten days. 訳 先週から雨が降っていません。 1 次の英文を否定文にしなさい。 has not driven a car for a year. 1 年間,車を運転していません。 ❹ 私は長い間,彼に会っていません。 I have not seen him for a long time. ❺ トムは 2 年間,テレビを見ていません。 Tom has not watched TV for two years. ⑷ They have used the classroom since last year. They have not used the classroom since last year. ⑸ The kitten was found yesterday. The kitten was not found yesterday. ⑹ I have watched TV for a long time. I have not watched TV for a long time. 2 次の日本語を英語に直しなさい。 ⑴ I have not read the book for a long time. ❻ 私の父は何年も野球をしていません。 My father has not played baseball for many years. 私は長い間その本を読んでいません。 ⑵ 彼女は何年間も手紙を書いていません。 She has not written a letter for many years. Key Point ① 現在完了の否定文はhave,hasの後にnotを置くだけ。 ② have not → haven t has not → hasn t ⑶ 私の家族は 3 年間,岡山に住んでいます。 My family has lived in Okayama for three years. ⑷ これらのコンピューターはトムによって作られました。 These computers were made by Tom. ⑸ 私たちは先月から忙しくありません。 We have not been busy since last month. ⑹ 私の母は 2 年間,車を運転していません。 My mother has not driven a car for two years. ⑺ 英語はその国では話されません。 English is not spoken in that[the]country. 10 11 © Meister Press 3rd grade Lesson 3 3 継続を表す現在完了 (疑問文) Exercise ❶ Mary has studied French for a long time. 疑 Has Mary studied French for a long time? 答 Yes, she has. / No, she hasn t. 1 次の英文を疑問文にしなさい。 ⑴ It has been cold for a long time. ❷ John has been in Tokyo since last month. 疑 Has John been in Tokyo since last month? 答 Yes, he has. / No, he hasn t. Has it been cold for a long time? ⑵ She has watched TV for two hours. Has she watched TV for two hours? ⑶ The book is read by many people. ❸ あなたは長い間,岡山に住んでいますか。 Have you lived in Okayama for a long time? はい,住んでいます。/ いいえ,住んでいません。 Is the book read by many people? ⑷ John has slept for eight hours. Has John slept for eight hours? ⑸ Mary has wanted the watch for many years. Has Mary wanted the watch for many years? Yes, I have. / No, I haven t. ⑹ Kyoto is visited by many people. ❹ 昨日から雨が降っていますか。 Is Kyoto visited by many people? Has it rained since yesterday? はい,降っています。/ いいえ,降っていません。 Yes, it has. / No, it hasn t. ❺ あなたは何年も彼を知っていますか。 ⑺ They have practiced tennis for three hours. Have they practiced tennis for three hours? 2 次の日本語を英語に直しなさい。 ⑴ Have you known him for many years? はい,知っています。/ いいえ,知りません。 今朝からずっと雨が降っていますか。 Has it rained since this morning? ⑵ はい,降っています。(⑴の答えとして) Yes, it has. Yes, I have. / No, I haven t. ⑶ Key Point ① 現在完了の疑問文はhave,hasを文の先頭に出すだけ。 have,hasを使って答える。 ② 答えるときには, その図書館は 7 時に閉められますか。 Is the library closed at seven? ⑷ いいえ,閉められません。(⑶の答えとして) No, it isn t. ⑸ あなたは長い間その本を欲しがっていますか。 Have you wanted the book for a long time? ⑹ はい,欲しがっています。(⑸の答えとして) Yes, I have. 12 13 © Meister Press 3rd grade Lesson 3 4 継続を表す現在完了 (疑問詞) Exercise ❶ ⒜ It has been hot since last week. How long have you practiced tennis? ⒝ We have used this car for two years. 1 次の英文について,下線部をたずねる疑問文にしなさい。 ⑴ She has been tired since last week. How long has she been tired? I have practiced it for two hours. ⑵ She has stayed in Kyoto for three days. ❷ How long has it rained? どれくらいの間, 雨が降っていますか。 It has rained since last Sunday. How long has she stayed in Kyoto? ⑶ Jane has played baseball for three years. How long has Jane played baseball? 先週の日曜日から降っています。 ⑷ Tom has studied French since last year. How long has Tom studied French? ❸ あなたはどれくらいの間テニスを練習していますか。 How long have you practiced tennis? 私はそれを 2 時間練習しています。 ⑸ Ken has wanted a new car for two years. How long has Ken wanted a new car? 2 次の日本語を英語に直しなさい。 I have practiced it for two hours. ❹ 彼らはどれくらいの間,岡山にいますか。 How long have they been in Okayama? ⑴ 私たちは昨日からずっと眠っていません。 We have not slept since yesterday. ⑵ 彼らはどれくらいの間,岡山に滞在していますか。 How long have they stayed in Okayama? 去年からです。 They have been there since last year. ⑶ 彼らはそこへ 4 日間滞在しています。(⑵の答えとして) They have stayed there for four days. Key Point ① 「どれくらいの間∼していますか」 : ( How long ∼? ) ② 答えるときには, 期間を示して答える。 ⑷ 私は昨日からずっと眠い。 I have been sleepy since yesterday. ⑸ あなたはどれくらいの間,彼を知っていますか。 How long have you known him? ⑹ 私は彼を 5 年間知っています。(⑸の答えとして) I have known him for five years. ⑺ 先週から雨が降っていません。 It has not rained since last week. ⑻ 彼は何年間もそのコンピューターを使っています。 He has used the computer for many years. 14 15 © Meister Press
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