ㄆ▱㻌㻝㻭㻹㻝㻜㻟
᪥ᚰ➨ 㻣㻞 ᅇ኱఍䠄㻞㻜㻜㻤䠅㻌
⇣⒳ᗵⷡ᭽⋧㑆หቯ⺖㗴ߦࠃࠆᐜఽߩⓨ㑆᭎ᔨߩᬌ⸛
٤␹၂ᓃሶ㧝࡮᧖᧛િ৻㇢㧞
㧔 Ꮉፒක≮⍴ᦼᄢቇ࡮㧞ᐢፉᄢቇ㧕
Key words: ⸅ⷡ, ࠢࡠࠬࡕ࠳࡝࠹ࠖ, ⓨ㑆᭎ᔨ
㧝
⋡ ⊛
Piaget 㧒 Inhelder㧔1956㧕ߪ㧘ᐜఽߩ࠻ࡐࡠࠫࠞ࡞ߥⓨ㑆
᭎ᔨߩ⊒㆐ߦߟ޿ߡ㧘ᰴߩࠃ߁ߥᲑ㓏ࠍ␜ߒߚ‫ߕ߹ޕ‬㧘4 ᱦ
㨪4 ᱦඨ㗃㧔╙Τᦼ㧙1㧕ߦ࿑ᒻ਄ߦⓣ߇㐿޿ߡ޿ࠆ߆ุ߆ߩ
ᑯ೎߇น⢻ߦߥߞߚᓟ㧘⋥✢ߢ᭴ᚑߐࠇߚ࿑ᒻߣᦛ✢ߢ᭴ᚑ
ߐࠇߚ࿑ᒻߩᑯ೎߇น⢻ߣߥࠆ‫ߩߘޕ‬ᓟ㧘5 ᱦ㗃߹ߢ㧔╙Τ
ᦼ-2㧕ߦ⋥✢ߢ᭴ᚑߐࠇߚ࿑ᒻౝ㧔ਃⷺᒻߣᱜᣇᒻ㧕޽ࠆ޿
ߪᦛ✢ߢ᭴ᚑߐࠇߚ࿑ᒻౝ㧔౞ߣᬦ౞㧕ߢߩ࿑ᒻߩᑯ೎߇น
⢻ߦߥࠅ㧘5 ᱦඨ㗃㧔╙Τᦼ-3㧕ߦߪ߭ߒᒻߣบᒻߩࠃ߁ߥ
࿑ᒻߩᑯ೎߇น⢻ߣߥࠆ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧘ߘࠇએ㒠ߩ⎇ⓥߦ߅޿ߡ
ߪ⇣ߥࠆ⍮⷗߇ᄙᢙឭ಴ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ᗵⷡ᭽⋧ߩ⁛┙ᕈ߇㜞޿ᐜఽߪ㧘ⷞⷡߢᖱႎࠍ౉ജߒߚ႐
วߪ⸅ⷡࠃࠅ߽ⷞⷡߦࠃࠆౣ⹺ᚑ❣ߩ߶߁߇⦟ߊ㧘⸅ⷡߢᖱ
ႎࠍ౉ജߒߚ႐วߪⷞⷡࠃࠅ߽⸅ⷡߦࠃࠆౣ⹺ᚑ❣ߩ߶߁߇
⦟޿㧘ߣߔࠆ Bushnell & Baxt㧔1999㧕ߩ⍮⷗ߦၮߠߌ߫㧘ߎ
ߩࠃ߁ߥ⍮⷗ߩ⋧㆑ߪ㧘ᗵⷡ᭽⋧ߩ⚵ߺวࠊߖߣᐜఽߩ⸅ㆇ
േ⍮ⷡ⢻ജ߇ᓇ㗀ߒߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ߢߎߘޕ‬㧘Piaget 㧒
Inhelder㧔1956㧕ߩታ㛎ߢ↪޿ࠄࠇߚᗵⷡ᭽⋧ߩ⚵ߺวࠊߖએ
ᄖߩ᧦ઙ߽ⴕ߁ߎߣߦࠃߞߡ㧘ᐜఽߩ࠻ࡐࡠࠫࠞ࡞ߥⓨ㑆᭎
ᔨߩ⊒㆐Ბ㓏ࠍౣᬌ⸛ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
ᣇ ᴺ
ෳട⠪ ᧲ᐢፉᏒౝߩ H ଻⢒࿦ߩ࿦ఽ 144 ฬ㧔ᐕ㐳ఽ; ᐔ
ဋ: 6 ᱦ 5 ࡩ᦬㧘ᐕਛఽ; ᐔဋ: 5 ᱦ 4 ࡩ᦬㧘ᐕዋఽ; ᐔဋ: 4
ᱦ 8 ࡩ᦬ ฦ 48 ฬ㧕߅ࠃ߮᧲ᐢፉᏒౝߩ H ᄢቇߩቇㇱ↢ߣᄢ
ቇ㒮↢ 48 ฬ㧔ᐔဋᐕ㦂: 25 ᱦ 6 ࡩ᦬㧕‫ޕ‬ෳട⠪ߪ㧘ၮḰೝỗ
ߩ⸅ⷡឭ␜㧔H㧕޽ࠆ޿ߪⷞⷡឭ␜㧔V㧕㧘Ყセೝỗߩ⸅ⷡឭ
␜㧔H㧕޽ࠆ޿ߪⷞⷡឭ␜㧔V㧕ࠍ⚵ߺวࠊߖߚ H-H ᧦ઙ㧘
H-V ᧦ઙ㧘V-V ᧦ઙ㧘V-H ᧦ઙߩ㧠᧦ઙߦฦᐕ㦂 12 ฬߕߟ࡜
ࡦ࠳ࡓߦഀࠅᒰߡࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬
⺖㗴ߣೝỗ ⺖㗴ߪో 11 ⺖㗴ߢ᭴ᚑߐࠇ㧘ၮḰೝỗߣหߓ
ᒻࠍ㧘ߘࠇࠍ฽߻㧠ߟߩᲧセೝỗߩਛ߆ࠄㆬᛯߔࠆᒻᑼߢⴕ
ࠊࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ฦ⺖㗴ߪ㧘ၮḰೝỗߣ㧘ߘࠇࠍ฽߻ 4 ߟߩㆬᛯೝỗ
߆ࠄᚑࠅ㧘ೝỗߩᒻߪᐞ૗ቇ⊛ߥ࿑ᒻߢ޽ߞߚ‫⊒ߪ᧚⚛ޕ‬ᵃ
ࠬ࠴ࡠ࡯࡞㧘ᄢ߈ߐߪ 7.5-12cm㧘ෘߐߪ 5mm ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ၮ
Ḱೝỗߪ㧘Piaget 㧒 Inhelder㧔1956㧕߅ࠃ߮৻ㅪߩㅊ⹜⎇ⓥ
ߢ૶↪ߐࠇߚೝỗࠍෳ⠨ߦ૞ᚑߒߚ‫ޕ‬ㆬᛯೝỗߪ㧘ၮḰೝỗ
ࠍ࠻ࡐࡠࠫࠞ࡞ߥᰴరߣ࡙࡯ࠢ࡝࠺ࠖࠞ࡞ߥᰴరߢᄌᒻߐߖ
ߚᒻߢ᭴ᚑߐࠇߚ‫⺖ޕ‬㗴ߪ㧘Piaget 㧒 Inhelder㧔1956㧕ߢឭ
໒ߐࠇߚᐜఽߩⓨ㑆᭎ᔨߩ߁ߜ㧘ਥߦ 4 ᱦඨએ㒠ߩ⊒㆐ࠍᬌ
⸛ߔࠆࠃ߁᭴ᚑߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ㧘Ბ㓏೎㧔╙Τᦼ-1㧘╙Τᦼ-2㧘
╙Τᦼ-3㧕ߦೝỗ߇૞ᚑߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬
ታ㛎⸘↹ߣᚻ⛯߈ 4 ᧦ઙߣ߽㧘ၮḰೝỗ߇ឭ␜ߐࠇߚᓟ
ߦㆬᛯೝỗ߇ឭ␜ߐࠇ㧘ㆬᛯೝỗߩਛ߆ࠄᱜ╵ࠍ 1 ߟㆬᛯߔ
ࠆࠃ߁ᢎ␜ߒߚ‫ߩࠇߕ޿ޕ‬ೝỗ߽㧘⸅ⷡ⊛ߦឭ␜ߐࠇࠆ႐ว
ߦߪ㧘ᚻర߇⷗߃ߥ޿ࠃ߁ߦࠬࠢ࡝࡯ࡦࠍ㓒ߡߚ⁁ᘒߢឭ␜
ߐࠇߚ‫᧦ోޕ‬ઙߦ౒ㅢߒߡ㧘࿑ᒻߩ⸅ࠅᣇߦ㑐ߔࠆᢎ␜߿ഥ
⸒ߪ৻ಾⴕࠊߕ㧘⸅ត⚝෸߮ⷞⷡ⊛ត⚝ߩ೙㒢ᤨ㑆߽⸳ߌߥ
߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬
⚿ᨐߣ⠨ኤ
⺖㗴Ფߦ࿁╵ࠍᓧὐൻ㧔ᱜ╵: 1 ὐ, ߘࠇએᄖ: 0 ὐ㧕ߒߚ߽
ߩࠍ⺖㗴ᓧὐߣߒ㧘ߘࠇࠍᲑ㓏೎㧔╙Τᦼ-1, ╙Τᦼ-2, ╙Τ
ᦼ-3㧕ߦว⸘ߒߚ߽ߩࠍᲑ㓏ᓧὐ㧔3 ὐḩὐ㧕ߣߒߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬
Ბ㓏ᓧὐࠍ↪޿ߡ㧘4㧔ታ㛎᧦ઙ㧕3㧔ᐕ㦂㧕3㧔Ბ㓏㧕ߩ
3 ⷐ࿃ಽᢔಽᨆࠍⴕߞߚ‫⚿ߩߘޕ‬ᨐ㧘ోߡߩⷐ࿃ߩਥലᨐ߇
᦭ᗧߢ޽ߞߚ㧔ታ㛎᧦ઙ: F (3, 140) = 13.41, p<.01; ᐕ㦂: F (2,
141)= 65.77, p<.01; Ბ㓏: F (2, 141)=24.24, p<.01 )‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ᐕ㦂
ߣᲑ㓏ߩ੤੕૞↪߇᦭ᗧߢ޽ߞߚ㧔F (4, 139)=3.79 , p<.01㧕‫ޕ‬
න⚐ਥലᨐߩᬌቯࠍⴕߞߚߣߎࠈ㧘ᐕ㐳ఽߣᐕਛఽߩਥലᨐ
߇᦭ᗧߢ޽ࠅ㧔ᐕ㐳ఽ: F (2, 141)= 8.49, p<.01; ᐕਛఽ: F (2,
141)= 17.70, p<.01㧕㧘ᄙ㊀Ყセࠃࠅ㧘ᐕ㐳ఽ߅ࠃ߮ᐕਛఽߦ߅
ߌࠆోߡߩᲑ㓏㑆ߦ᦭ᗧߥᏅ߇⷗ࠄࠇߚ㧔p<.05㧕‫ࠅࠃࠇߎޕ‬㧘
ᗐቯߒߚᲑ㓏߇㜞޿߶ߤ⺖㗴ᚑ❣߇᦭ᗧߦૐߊߥࠆߎߣ߇᣿
ࠄ߆ߣߥߞߚ‫ߡߞࠃޕ‬㧘Piaget 㧒 Inhelder㧔1956㧕߇ឭ໒ߒ
ߚ࠻ࡐࡠࠫࠞ࡞ߥⓨ㑆᭎ᔨߩ⊒㆐㗅ᐨߪᅷᒰߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇␜
ໂߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬
ߐࠄߦ㧘ታ㛎᧦ઙߣᐕ㦂ߩ੤੕૞↪߇᦭ᗧߢ޽ߞߚ㧔F (6,
137)= 3.84, p<.01㧕‫ޕ‬න⚐ਥലᨐߩᬌቯࠍⴕߞߚߣߎࠈ㧘H-H㧘
H-V㧘V-H ᧦ઙߩਥലᨐ߇᦭ᗧߢ޽ࠅ㧘V-V ᧦ઙߩਥലᨐ߇
᦭ᗧ௑ะߢ޽ߞߚ㧔H-H ᧦ઙ: F (3, 140)=30.94, p<.01; H-V ᧦
ઙ: F (3, 140)=31.82, p<.01; V-V ᧦ઙ: F (3, 140)=3.03, p<.10;
V-H ᧦ઙ: F (3, 140)=11.49, p<.01㧕‫ޕ‬ᄙ㊀Ყセࠃࠅ㧘Piaget 㧒
Inhelder㧔1956㧕ߣหߓ H-V ᧦ઙߣᣂߚߦ⸳ቯߒߚ V-H ᧦ઙ
ߦ߅޿ߡߪోߡߩᐕ㦂㑆ߦ᦭ᗧߥᏅ߇ߺࠄࠇߚ߇㧘ᣂߚߦ⸳
ቯߒߚ H-H ᧦ઙ߅ࠃ߮ V-V ᧦ઙߢߪ㧘޿ߕࠇ߽ᐕዋఽߣᐕਛ
ఽߣߩ㑆ߦ᦭ᗧߥᏅ߇⷗ࠄࠇߕ㧘V-V ᧦ઙߢߪᐕਛఽߣᐕ㐳
ఽߣߩ㑆ߦ߽᦭ᗧߥᏅ߇⷗ࠄࠇߡ޿ߥ޿‫ࠅࠃࠇߎޕ‬㧘H-H ᧦
ઙߣ V-V ᧦ઙߦ߅޿ߡߪ㧘ᐕዋఽߣᐕਛఽߩᚑ❣ߦ㆑޿߇⷗
ࠄࠇߥ޿ߎߣ߇᣿ࠄ߆ߣߥߞߚ‫ߡߞࠃޕ‬㧘࠻ࡐࡠࠫࠞ࡞ߥⓨ
㑆᭎ᔨߪ㧘Piaget 㧒 Inhelder㧔1956㧕߇ឭ໒ߒߚࠃࠅ߽ᣧᦼ
߆ࠄ₪ᓧߐࠇߡ޿ࠆน⢻ᕈ߇␜ໂߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬
3
ᚑ䇭ੱ
2.5
ᐕ㐳ఽ
ᓧ
2
ὐ
ᐕਛఽ
1.5
ᐕዋఽ
1
╙Τᦼ
╙Τᦼ
╙Τᦼ
Figure 1 ᐜఽߣᚑੱߦ߅ߌࠆ⊒㆐Ბ㓏೎ߩᓧὐ
3
2.5
ᓧ 2
ὐ
㪭㪄㪭
㪟㪄㪟
㪟㪄㪭
㪭㪄㪟
1.5
1
╙Τᦼ
╙Τᦼ
╙Τᦼ
Figure 2 ᐜఽߦ߅ߌࠆታ㛎᧦ઙ೎ߩᓧὐ
ᒁ↪ᢥ₂
Piaget, J., 㧒 Inhelder, B. (1956). The child’s conception of space.
Routledge & Kagan Paul.
㧔Kamigaki Akiko, Sugimura Shinichiro㧕
㸫606㸫